94:. The design of the amulets represent yin while the holes represent yang and their general purpose was to attract good fortune and ward off evil spirits and misfortune. Unlike most other types of Chinese numismatic charms which usually tend to have square center holes if they’re holed, open-work charms tend to almost exclusively have round center holes though open-work charms with square center holes are known to exist and certain thematic open-work charms that feature human-made constructions mostly told to have square holes. Another distinctive feature of open-work charms is that they’re almost purely based on illustrative imagery and only a small minority of them contain legends written in
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located just to the left of central hole. The neck of the dragon is shaped like an "S" while its body is coiled upwards of its head. Unlike other
Chinese numismatic charms which depict two seasons open-work charms that depict two Chinese dragons rarely have them face each other but more often have them chase each others tails. In many cases the two dragons appear to be fighting over a pearl which could be the wish-granting pearl from the Chinese
403:"The occult powers ascribed in China in all times and ages to charms and spells may be said to have no limit. It puts in the foreront an important tenet: Words are no idle sounds, characters or penstrokes are not mere ink or paint, but they constitute or produce the reality which they represent. And whereas any desired magical effect may be expressed in word or writing, charms and spells can {a}ffect everything." - H.A. Ramsden
869:) depict young heterosexual couples displaying affection to each other in a form of courtship, the young female is often seen carrying flowers while the top of these open-work charms features crescent moons and clouds, while the male figure often points at the moon with his left hand, these images form a visualisation of the ancient Chinese saying "to be in front of the flowers and under the moon" (花前月下,
711:
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of flowers. In the poem the
Empress said that she would come to the garden again after one day and that all the flowers there were to bloom and were not to wait until springtime. The next morning all flowers except for the peony were in bloom, while the peony stubbornly disobeyed the order. Wu Zetian was enraged and allegedly gave the order that all the peonies in
786:) use them as inspiration for their styles of dance and art. Like with many other open-work charms that depict animals those that depict peacocks display them in pairs, peacocks represent a desire for peace and prosperity and may also be used to represent fertility as the ancient Chinese people believed that a single glance from a peacock could
486:, for example there is an open-work charm which displays four stories from "The Twenty-Four Examples of Filial Piety", in these stories examples are given of how children should obey their parents and respect the elderly which are all central themes of Confucianism. These open-work charms are also part of a larger family of
848:
There is a rare open-work charm which illustrates two males standing across from each other with a fish facing the right at the bottom of the charm and a battle shield between the tops of the two men at the top. The traditional explanation of the depicted scene and its hidden meaning is that it shows
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drinking at winter time while she was in the
Imperial Flower Garden. As she was admiring the snow, the story tells that she was also intrigued by the smell of the winter flowers that were in bloom that day. As the story goes the Emlress wrote a poem and sent it to the Chinese God that was in charge
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were to be banished, while those peony trees that refused her order would be burned to a crisp. Over time the reputation of the flower changed and peonies became a symbol for longevity, everlasting physical beauty, loyalty, and being happy. Peonies could also be used to symbolise wealth as the way
513:
are often used as a theme for open-work charms with the vast majority of dragon themed open-work charms depicting two dragon, while amulets with a single dragon are less frequently seen. An example of an open-work charm with only a single
Chinese dragon has the dragon is facing left with its head
1282:
Amulette ajourée présentant au droit et au revers le même motif : au centre, dans un grand bâtiment à étage, un personnage assis de face sur un trône; de part et d'autre, dans de petits pavillons, deux personnages à genoux; au premier plan, dans un jardin traditionnel avec pins, arbres et
542:
they tend to have tail feathers in even numbers (as even numbers represent yin while odd numbers represent yang). Open-work charms that display fenghuang also tend to be on the larger side (for example 58 millimeters in diameter) and also being both thick and heavy. In
606:
leaping over the Dragon Gate to become a mythical
Chinese dragon (鯉魚跳龍門) which is used to illustrate that persistently investing effort is needed to overcome an obstacle, in this context it alludes to the case of those who wish to move up the ranks as officials in the
853:(楚漢相爭), in this interpretation the two men are fighting each other and the stances they take are hostile positions of two soldiers using their fists, while the fish in this interpretation represents the river where the battle occurred.
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There is an ancient open work-charm which depicts either a man or a woman fishing. The human is on the right side of the charm while the fish on the left. The fish symbolises prosperity because the
Mandarin Chinese word for fish (魚,
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open-work charms seemed to have become less popular, unlike earlier open-work charms those produced during the Qing dynasty tend to be yellow in colour as opposed to the earlier brown ones due to the switch from bronze to brass.
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The ancient
Chinese people believed that charms and amulets with certain symbols on them could attract good luck and protect them from all fortune and malicious spirits, for this reason many open-work charms display themes from
1020:. 8. OPEN WORK CHARMS. 8.1 Geometric designs. 8.2 Plants and flowers. 8.3 Dragons. 8.4 Dragon and Phoenix. 8.5 Phoenix or birds. 8.6 Deer or other animals. 8.7 Fish. 8.8 Human figures. 8.9 Buildings. Retrieved: 02 May 2018.
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design elements and may portray both figures and concepts from those religions. Open-work charms may also feature a combination of various symbols such as lotus flowers and fish or dragons and fenghuang on the same charm.
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standing besides a deer and a tortoise, both of these are associated with longevity as well with the deer having an extra association with wealth and attaining a high rank because the
Mandarin Chinese word for "deer" (鹿,
655:), which was the highest civil official. For this reason an open-work charm depicting two lions and a cash coin could symbolise the wish for high ranks and wealth to be passed down from one generation to the next.
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symbolise a wish for good fortune, longevity, charity, prosperity, and for benevolences to befall the wearer. Qilins are depicted as having a dragon-like head and a deer-like body but with scales instead of fur.
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An alternative hypothesis proposes that rather than being a representation of a temple of
Confucius with the statue of the philosopher in front of whom four scholars gather, it is a representation of the
521:
Open-work charms that depict two dragons chasing each other head to tail are the most commonly found design, the reason for this is because dragons are immune to magic spells and can't be harmed by them.
1094:
The
Language and Iconography of Chinese Charms: Deciphering a Past Belief System (English and Chinese Edition) by Alex Changyu Fang and François Thierry. 1st ed. 2016 Edition. Published by Springer.
815:). Above the tortoise there is an "auspicious cloud" (祥雲) which is located just below the round center hole, clouds on Chinese numismatic charms are associated with good fortune because they’re a
694:
Variants of these lotus charms that depict a lotus pod filled with seeds could also be worn in the hopes that they will improve fertility as the Mandarin Chinese word for "lotus seed" (蓮籽,
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rochers, deux autres personnages. - Bronze, diam. 65 mm. Chine, XIVe-XVe siècle. - Bibliographie : Wang Xiqi : XII, 44; Ding Fubao, Guqian da cidian, p. 393; Thierry 1987 n°245.
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blooming, the peony could symbolise various things, one symbolism of the peony flower is that it stands for rebellion and resistance where it is associated with the story of Empress
619:). And as the Mandarin Chinese word for "fish" is a pun for "abundance", the hidden or implied meaning of the depicted images on this open-work charm is an abundance of wealth.
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the fenghuang is considered to be a symbol of goodness because it eats no living thing, for this reason open-work charms depicting fenghuang were commonly worn by Buddhists.
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An example of an open-work charm depicting a Chinese immortal and several animals believed to bring "good luck" is one that contains the immortal associated with longevity
611:. Another possible hidden meaning of this same open-work charm is that the human represented in the coin may in fact be female. The Mandarin Chinese word for "woman" (婦,
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symbolise a detachment from worldly cares due to the manner the flower which is perceived to be beautiful to emerge from the pond's muck. Due to the fact that the
202:, a category of open-work charms that depict plants, and finally a category that depicts man-made constructions such as temples and other types of buildings.
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are also open-work charms and resemble any other "normal" open-work charms but have a statuette of a boy sitting or crouching on top of the "coin".
324:
194:), one based on humans and human-like figures such as Taoist immortals, but can also use people to demonstrate a scene such as the illustration of
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a human woman. Peacocks displayed in pairs on open-work charms symbolise an affectionate couple that fly side-by-side in love with each other.
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for the adornment of the wearer. During the Ming dynasty open-work charms with themes of buildings and temples were primarily made in the
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people doing intense labour hoping that it’ll bring them prosperity. An alternative explanation is that this charm actually depicts the
816:
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Open-work charms were primarily used by women and children and were seen to bedclothes and sedan chairs as well as hung in cupboards.
135:, but a large number of the ones from this era are mostly just small fractions taken from other utensils made from metal. During the
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Amulett in Durchbruchtechnik - vermutlich Ming Dynastie - Av: Drache links, Phoenix rechts - Rv: Phoenix links, Drache rechts
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Unlike most types of other Chinese numismatic charms open-work charms don’t have a large overlap with other types, but some
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There are 4 fundamental divisions or "categories", one based on animals (including mythological animals such as
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460:(壽), this open-work charm is a play on the popular Chinese saying "five fortunes surround longevity" (五福捧壽,
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Amulett in Durchbruchtechnik - vermutlich Song Dynastie - Beidseitig : Zwei Fische, zwei Lotusblüten
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Most of the open-work charms depicting buildings and temples are believed to have been cast in the
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635:) with one lion being above and one lion being below, the treasure they’re playing with could be a
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as well have other depictions that are ascribed to have auspicious abilities in Chinese symbolism.
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characterised by irregularly shaped "holes" or "openings" between their design elements known as
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448:). An example of a Chinese open-work charm with a bat design that was quite popular during the
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A Chinese open-work charm depicting two dragons chasing each other's tails on display at the
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Chinese numismatic charm § Implied and hidden meanings of Chinese numismatic charms
17:
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726:. An example of an open-work charm with a pavilion in its design possibly depicts the "
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811:) sounds like the Mandarin Chinese term for "the salary of a government official" (祿,
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Open-work charms depicting pavilions and temples first started appearing during the
1359:
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615:) could be used as a homophonic pun for the Mandarin Chinese word for "wealth" (富,
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Chinese open-work charms that display imagery of flowers and vines usually display
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are much less commonly seen than those that depict Chinese dragons. Fenghuang in
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An open-work charm depicting a person on the left side and a fish on the right.
113:) tend to be inferior in quality and are easily distinguishable from the rest.
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characters. While most other forms of Chinese numismatic charms are made from
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Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)
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Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)
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which symbolises "wealth". Because the Mandarin Chinese word for "lion" (獅,
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Compendium of Chinese Amulets Part 1: Openworks 29p loose, 1995.
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are generally believed to have been cast in what today is the province of
698:) could be used as a metaphor for the "continuous birth of children" (連子,
1521:
1118:
J. Mevius - Chinese charms and amulets. Publication date: January 1, 1968
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722:, and the majority of these are thought to have been manufactured in the
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91:
1270:"Amulette ajourée au pavillon (Openwork charm with a pavillion pattern)"
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are symbols of "peace" and "joy", as fenghuang are seen as a symbol of
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could be seen. It is believed that the people in this charm represent
643:) sounds like the Mandarin Chinese word for "master" or "teacher" (師,
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866:
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which like the other animals and Xiwangmu is a symbol for longevity.
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739:
683:) while the latter could be used to represent the word "harmony" (和,
602:). The fish on this open-work charm also alludes to an allegory of a
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155:
103:
59:
1209:
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730:", within the pavilion of this charm musician is seen playing the
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Open-work charms were originally first cast under the reign of the
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Amulett in Durchbruchtechnik - Beidseitig : Vier Lotusblüten
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Open-work charms that feature the design of a lotus according to
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Examples of symbolism in the different themes of open-work charms
1127:
C.A.S. Williams - Outlines of Chinese Symbolism and Art Motives.
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often have two lions playing with some form of treasure (雙獅戲寶,
429:
1172:
Amulett in Durchbruchtechnik - Beidseitig : Zwei Drachen
1251:
Kainz, C. Chinesischen Tempelmünzen. Published in 1895. (in
444:) sounds like the Mandarin Chinese word for "good luck" (福,
74:'Hollowed out money / Elegant money') are a type of
1212:
by Dr. Yi and Ralf Thomann. Retrieved: 09 August 2018. (in
1174:
by Dr. Yi and Ralf Thomann. Retrieved: 09 August 2018. (in
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by Dr. Yi and Ralf Thomann. Retrieved: 09 August 2018. (in
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by Dr. Yi and Ralf Thomann. Retrieved: 09 August 2018. (in
873:). These open-work charms are also a part of the family of
861:
Some open-work charms (which were usually manufactured in
671:
has two different names in Mandarin Chinese, namely "蓮花" (
1029:
LIU Chunsheng, Zhongguo gudai loukong huaqian kianshang (
992:"Chinese Open Work Charms - 鏤空錢 - "Hollowed Out" Money"
734:
while outside of the building two men are seen playing
714:
An illustration of an open-work charm with this design.
687:) creating a visual pun for "continuous harmony" (連和,
594:) is a visual pun for "abundance" or "well-to-do" (余,
478:
Some Chinese open-work charms depict the concept of
1500:
1477:
1382:
1352:
1085:
H.A. Ramsden - Chinese Openwork Amulet Coins, 1900.
432:, this is because bats could be interpreted as a
401:
651:government title of "senior grand tutor" (太師,
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102:open-work charms are predominantly made from
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647:) which could be seen as a reference to the
456:would be one where five bats surrounded the
31:A Chinese open-work charm on display at the
937:"Amulets of Viet Nam (Bùa Việt-Nam - 越南符銭)"
301:Open-work charms with buildings and temples
69:
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221:Open-work charms with immortals and people
1041:// 刘春声著：《中国古代镂空花钱鉴赏》， 北京：作家出版社，2005年。(in
835:Chinese open-work charms that depict the
823:). This open-work-charm also features a
407:Open-work charms are also known to have
209:
150:open-work charms were popularly used as
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886:
7:
109:Japanese open-work charms (known as
206:Table of themes of open-work charms
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1227:"Chinese Pavilion Open Work Charm"
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25:
428:Several open-work charms feature
178:Fundamental or "basic" categories
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294:Flower and Vine open-work charms
261:
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458:Hanzi character for "longevity"
923:Corean Coin Charms and Amulets
794:People, immortals, and deities
173:Categories of open-work charms
65:lòu kōng qián / líng lóng qián
64:
55:
47:
1:
1384:Numismatic charms and amulets
1047:Simplified Chinese characters
857:Young couples falling in love
770:Open-work charms that depict
627:Open-work charms that depict
504:Museum of Ethnography, Sweden
33:Museum of Ethnography, Sweden
1016:Sportstune (Chinese charms)
88:Vietnamese numismatic charms
1268:(蒂埃里) (14 September 2015).
1266:François Thierry de Crussol
758:seated facing south in the
609:imperial examination system
530:Open-work charms depicting
1652:
1306:Toa Senshi V.5, p.97. (in
1033:: Zuojia chubanshe, 2005)
819:(or rebus) for "luck" (運,
738:. Outside of the pavilion
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379:
1631:Chinese numismatic charms
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1516:
1487:Consumer voucher (Taiwan)
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1018:Chinese charms, section 8
1272:(in French). TransAsiart
1187:The Compendium - page 2.
935:Craig Greenbaum (2006).
901:during the Ming dynasty.
258:Peacock open-work charms
18:Chinese open work amulet
1563:Asian numismatic charms
1492:Triple Stimulus Voucher
875:Chinese marriage charms
436:for "good luck" as the
346:Rabbit open-work charms
1353:Alternative currencies
715:
586:
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468:Confucian filial piety
405:
367:Horse open-work charms
360:Crane open-work charms
339:Tiger open-work charms
287:Lotus open-work charms
36:
844:Two people and a fish
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571:strings of cash coins
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353:Bird open-work charms
332:Lion open-work charms
320:Deer open-work charms
308:Fish open-work charms
161:. By the time of the
30:
1459:Vault protector coin
1434:Lei Ting curse charm
1407:Confucian coin charm
706:Pavilions or temples
569:they grow resembles
474:Confucian coin charm
280:Bat open-work charms
1636:Chinese numismatics
1444:Marriage coin charm
1392:Buddhist coin charm
778:at the time of the
728:Temple of Confucius
440:word for "bat" (蝠,
52:traditional Chinese
998:. 16 November 2016
851:Chu–Han Contention
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665:Buddhist tradition
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121:Chinese Boy charms
44:simplified Chinese
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1479:Stimulus packages
1464:Taoist coin charm
637:Chinese cash coin
633:shuāng shī xì bǎo
551:Flowers and vines
536:Chinese mythology
397:Chinese mythology
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16:(Redirected from
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744:longevity stones
488:Confucian charms
438:Mandarin Chinese
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516:eight treasures
511:Chinese dragons
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1397:Burial money
1360:Bamboo tally
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1274:. Retrieved
1260:
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1235:. Retrieved
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1199:, p. 6.
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1075:. p. 3.
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1025:
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1000:. Retrieved
995:
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930:
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895:city of Dali
889:
870:
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834:
820:
812:
808:
804:Ruyi sceptre
797:
780:Song dynasty
769:
752:
724:city of Dali
720:Song dynasty
717:
699:
695:
693:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:) and "荷花" (
672:
669:lotus flower
662:
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649:Zhou dynasty
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529:
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484:Confucianism
480:filial piety
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413:Confucianist
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200:Confucianism
196:filial piety
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166:Qing dynasty
159:city of Dali
130:
118:
115:
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108:
63:
39:
38:
1276:23 February
742:plants and
557:peony trees
133:Han dynasty
1615:Categories
1600:Vietnamese
1585:Indonesian
1578:Horse coin
1520:See also:
1449:Money tree
1439:Lock charm
1427:Hell money
1422:Joss paper
1417:Horse coin
1402:Coin-sword
1108:9811017913
909:References
802:holding a
788:impregnate
750:himself.
472:See also:
1626:Talismans
760:Ming Dang
748:Confucius
561:Wu Zetian
532:fenghuang
526:Fenghuang
192:fenghuang
156:Yunnanese
56:鏤空錢 / 玲瓏錢
48:镂空钱 / 玲珑钱
1590:Japanese
1522:Exonumia
1308:Japanese
1237:9 August
1002:25 April
800:Xiwangmu
772:peacocks
766:Peacocks
673:lián huā
566:Chang'an
545:Buddhism
409:Buddhist
393:religion
92:openwork
80:Japanese
1621:Amulets
1573:Chinese
1031:Beijing
942:3 March
700:lián zi
696:lián zǐ
689:lián hé
653:tà ishī
494:Dragons
249:Phoenix
184:dragons
127:History
76:Chinese
1595:Korean
1501:Others
1295:Semans
1253:German
1214:German
1197:Semans
1176:German
1159:German
1142:German
1106:
1098:
1059:Semans
1045:using
1037:
899:Yunnan
867:Yunnan
776:Yunnan
740:bamboo
677:hé huā
598:or 裕,
417:Taoist
395:, and
234:Dragon
216:Image
190:, and
163:Manchu
146:, and
141:Mongol
104:bronze
86:, and
84:Korean
62::
60:pinyin
54::
46::
1365:Token
881:Notes
837:Qilin
831:Qilin
825:crane
736:weiqi
732:guqin
659:Lotus
629:lions
623:Lions
482:from
434:rebus
415:, or
213:Theme
198:from
188:qilin
111:E-sen
100:brass
96:Hanzi
1278:2022
1239:2017
1104:ISBN
1096:ISBN
1035:ISBN
1004:2018
944:2020
863:Dali
681:lián
604:carp
452:and
450:Ming
430:bats
424:Bats
144:Yuan
137:Song
71:lit.
821:yùn
784:Dai
702:).
691:).
645:shī
641:shī
540:yin
464:).
1617::
1280:.
1229:.
1102:,
1049:).
994:.
961:^
897:,
877:.
865:,
813:lù
809:lù
685:hé
617:fù
613:fù
600:yù
596:yú
592:yú
573:.
518:.
490:.
446:fú
442:fú
411:,
391:,
186:,
139:,
106:.
82:,
78:,
68:;
58:;
50:;
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1549:t
1542:v
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1333:t
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1310:)
1255:)
1241:.
1216:)
1178:)
1161:)
1144:)
1006:.
946:.
925:.
506:.
42:(
35:.
20:)
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