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and a sword in his hand with the point lowered. He was at that time a man of fifty, of middle height, muscular and broad-shouldered. He walked between three of his chief Moors. One of these was
Chinale, a Chinese, who had been a servant at Malacca, and said to have been the captive of a Portuguese, taken as a boy from a fusta, and afterwards brought to Kunhali, who conceived such an affection for him that he trusted him with everything. He was the greatest exponent of the Moorish superstition and enemy of the Christians in all Malabar, and for those taken captive at sea and brought thither he invented the most exquisite kinds of torture when he martyred them. "Kunhali walked straight to the Samorin and delivered to him his sword in token of submission, throwing himself at his feet with much humility. Some say that the Samorin, inasmuch as he had promised him life, had secretly advised the Chief Captain, when Kunhali should deliver himself up, to lay hands upon him, as though he were taking him by force; and so the Chief Captain did. For, as the Samoriu was standing by him, Andre Furtado advanced, and, seizing him by the arm, pulled him aside; while the other gave a great lurch so as to get free. As he was then at the brink of a hole, the Chief Captain was in risk of falling therein, had not his arm been seized by Padre Fr. Diogo Horaen, a Religious of the Order of the Glorious Father S. Francisco, who stood on one side; Diogo Moniz Barreto, who was on the other, fell into the hole and skinned all his leg." A tumult now arose among the Nairs, which the Samorin with difficulty suppressed. In the midst of it, Chinale and Cotiale, the pirate-chief's nephew, and the other captains, attempted to escape, but were seized and manacled by the Portuguese soldiery. Kunhali himself was led off under a strong guard to the Portuguese lines. Furtado, after entering the fort hand-iu-hand with the Samorin, prudently gave up the place to be sacked by the
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succours in the boats, while ever and anon his attempts thus to rally his forces were frustrated by the sight of the fugitives, some in boats, some swimming down the river, and all shouting, "Treason! Treason!" The body of the brave Luiz da Sylva had been got into a boat, wrapped in his flag, which a captain had torn from its standard, in order to conceal the fact of his fall. This manoeuvre, however, only added to the disorder of the soldiery, who found themselves of a sudden, and at the critical moment of the attack, without a competent leader and without colours. Thus ended the gravest disaster which had as yet befallen the
Portuguese arms in India. De Couto gives a long list of noble fidalgos who fell that day, sacrificed by the incapacity of their leaders; and though he confidently asserts that the total loss was 230 men and no more, his own story of the events of the fight gives colour to the statement of Pyrard that the loss amounted to no less than 500 lives. It is further stated by de Couto, who talked the matter over with Kunhali and his lieutenant, Chinale, when they were in the Goa prison, that the loss of the besieged exceeded 500 men. The sorrow and vexation of Luiz da Gama at the death of his brave captain and the miscarriage of the whole enterprise were unbounded. His next measures, however, were dictated by good sense and humanity. Leaving a small force to blockade the fort under Francisco de Sousa, and dispatching the body of da Sylva to Cannanor, where it was temporarily interred with all available pomp, 1 he withdrew his shattered forces to Cochin, where the wounded received attention at the hospital and in the houses of the citizens. The blockading force was insufficient, and Kunhali, who had thirteen galeots ready for action in his port, might easily have forced a way to sea, had not de Sousa, by a skillful ruse, led him 1 It was afterwards conveyed to Portugal.
551:
346:
1966:
409:. A series of voluntary migrations of Chinese from China followed. This broadened the space of the newly established society and made it more multi-cultural and multi-ethnic as the migrants married local girls and settled down. Their physical features changed; the descendants forgot the Chinese language. Through sheer hard work and perseverance, the dislocated Chinese made a new life for themselves and prospered. Many 'China Patty,’ or small China towns, sprang up in different parts of Assam – of which the China Patty of
375:. The sugar mill that Atchew had set up in the patch of land near the town of Budge Budge drew other Chinese migrants and soon a small community had formed around it. By 1783, we know Atchew was dead – a letter shows an East India Company attorney trying to extract money from the executor of his estate. An advertisement in the Calcutta Gazette in 1804 announces that the sugar mill was up for sale. A temple and the grave of Tong Achew still remain and are visited by many Chinese who come from the city during the
246:
526:) wives also accompanied their husbands to China with their children. The interned people who were allowed to return to their places after a couple of years again faced a difficult situation. The property of most of the people had been auctioned as enemy property. There was no society and no government to support them. They were compelled to live in sheer misery and isolation. Most of them did not get to meet their deported family members ever again.
494:. After the war, India passed the Defence of India Act in December 1962, permitting the "apprehension and detention in custody of any person of being of hostile origin." The broad language of the act allowed for the arrest of any person simply for having a Chinese surname, a drop of Chinese blood, or a Chinese spouse. Under the draconian law, 10,000 people of Chinese origin were estimated to have been detained at the desert prison camp in
522:
a long, seven-day journey of utter suffering. Infants, pregnant women, the old and the sick were also arrested and sent to the camp, violating all human rights. After some time the
Government of India decided to deport the interned back to China in a few batches. In this process, the already divided families were divided again as the government selected the names randomly. The majority of them were deported to China. Many Indian (
397:, after the establishment of tea gardens in Assam, the British authorities encouraged the migration of Chinese labourers, artisans, tea growers and tea makers, who were then employed in the burgeoning British owned tea gardens. The migration started in 1838. They soon surmounted the language barrier and started intermingling, many of the Chinese married local women and established a new society in Assam. Instances of
337:
and said to have been the captive of a
Portuguese, taken as a boy from a fusta, and afterwards brought to Kunhali, who conceived such an affection for him that he trusted him with everything. He was the greatest exponent of the Moorish superstition and enemy of the Christians in all Malabar and for those taken captive at sea and brought thither he invented the most exquisite kinds of torture when he martyred them."
2378:
1976:
3451:
579:, sometimes referred to as the old Chinatown. The Chinese presence at Tiretti Bazaar and Tangra has dwindled. The older generation of this community works as tannery-owners, sauce manufacturers, shoeshop owners, restaurateurs and beauty parlours owners. The new generation have gone in large numbers to dentistry. Many of the shoe shops lining Bentick Street, near
1900:
2221:
502:. All of them were accused of being spies, but not a single charge has ever been proven. In 1964, many internees were forcibly and arbitrarily deported, resulting in the breakup of many families. The rest were released starting in 1965. The last internees were released from Deoli in mid-1967, after four and half years of captivity.
1142:
we meet with a surprisingly frequent number of references to
Chinese wayfarers or sojourners in India Portuguesa. One Chinese slave who was taken by Malabar pirates in his youth, subsequently became a terrible scourge to his late masters, as the right hand man of the famous Moplah pirate Kunhali. His
1228:
command of Andre
Furtado de Mendoça, and in alliance with the Samorin of Calicut, was more successful. Kottakkal was taken by storm and both Kunhali and his Chinese lieutenant carried off as prisoners to Goa. They remained for some time in the Goa prison, where they were interviewed by the historian
521:
area, they were picked up and packed into a cowshed, from where they were taken to the
Dibrugarh jail. In other parts they were arrested and brought to the police station and put in jails. They were then asked to board a closed train, which took them to the Deoli internment camp in Rajasthan. It was
1381:
withdrew to his camp. All this time the obstructions in the river, and the deficiency of boats, had kept Luiz da Gama a mere spectator of the scene, unable either to direct or to succour. We have, from de Couto, a picture of him standing knee-deep in the mud of the river bar, endeavouring to embark
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allied forces the remnants of the garrison marched forth. "First came 400 Moors, many of them wounded, with their children and wives, in such an impoverished condition that they seemed as dead. These the
Samorin bade go where they pleased. Last of all came Kunhali with a black kerchief on his head,
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as an "upcoming hub" for
Chinese expats, who according to the newspaper "form close communities within themselves." Better integration of Chinese expats in their host communities is hampered by short time frames of stays, often durations only last for 2–3 years as part of a work contract. Also many
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after he reneged on a promise to let them go. Diogo do Couto, a
Portuguese historian, questioned the Kunjali and Chinali when they were captured. He was present when the Kunjali surrendered to the Portuguese, and was described: "One of these was Chinale, a Chinese, who had been a servant at Malacca
1352:
He walked between three of his chief Muslims: one of them was Chinali "A Chinese who had been a servant at Malacca and said to have been a captive of the Portuguese taken as a boy from a fusta and afterwards brought to Kunhali." He had conceived such an affection for him that "he treated him with
505:
The Chinese population in Calcutta decreased by half, from 20,000 to 10,000. Those who remained were seen as enemies, and most could not hold any job except in the restaurant, tanning, and shoemaking businesses. Moreover, their movements were restricted. They were required to report to designated
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and said to have been slave to a Portuguese, before he was captured in his youth and brought before Kunhala, who took such a fancy to him that he entrusted him with everything. He was he most fanatical Moslem and enemy of the Christian faith along the whole Malabar coast. For when prisoners were
1324:
Last of all came Kunjali with a black kerchief on his head, and a sword in his hand with the point lowered. He was at that time a man of fifty, of middle height, muscular and broad-shouldered. He walked between three of his chief Moors. One of these was Chinali a Chinese who had been servant at
328:. The Kunjali was very fond of him, and he became one of his most feared lieutenants, a fanatical Muslim and enemy of the Portuguese, terrorizing them in battle. The Portuguese were terrorised by the Kunjali and his Chinese right-hand man, eventually, after the Portuguese allied with
1353:
everything." He was "the greatest exponent of the Moorish superstition and an enemy of the Christians in all Malabar." It is said of him that for those captured at sea and brought to Kunhali's little kingdom, he "invented the most exquisite kinds of torture when he martyred them."
288:
in the late 18th century. Achew set up a sugar cane plantation along with a sugar factory. Achew brought in a band of Chinese workers to work in his plantation and factory. This was the first Chinese settlement in India. Achew died shortly after and the Chinese settlers moved to
517:, Chinese people living in different places were rounded up by the armed forces and compelled to leave their houses. The administration told them they would be shifted to a safer place for two or three days. They were not allowed to take anything with them except papers. In the
236:
Separate from the multi-generation Han Chinese and Tibetan community, there are an estimated 5,000–7,000 Chinese expatriates working in India as of 2015, who generally work on two to three-year contracts for the growing number of brands and companies doing business in India.
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from the year 1778, "Achew was granted 650 bighas of land about 6 miles south of Budge – Budge for an annual rent of Rs 45". Many of the earliest Chinese immigrants worked on the Khidderpore docks. A police report in 1788 mentions a sizable Chinese population settled in the
509:
The situation was alleviated when India and China resumed diplomatic relations in 1976. However, it was not until 1998 that ethnic Chinese were allowed naturalized Indian citizenship. In 2005, the first road sign in Chinese characters was put up in Chinatown, Tangra.
595:
were ethnic Chinese. But in 2003 they comprised only about 15% of the 1500 students. Many of the Chinese of Kolkata are Christians due to the influence of missionary schools they studied in. Architecturally, a feature of the Chinese imprint on Kolkata are the
2241:
612:. The Chinese of Kolkata celebrate Chinese New Year with lion dance 舞狮 and dragon dance 舞龙. It is celebrated either in the end of January or early February each year in accordance to the rotating lunar calendar (农历) of the particular year.
563:
Today they are located in ethnic neighbourhoods in Kolkata and Mumbai. In Mumbai, the population of Chinese origin stood at 4,000 in 2015. In 2013, there were 2,000 Chinese-origin people at Kolkata while 200 Chinese of Indian ancestry
217:
and became more prominent in the late 19th century with a small number of arrivals working at the ports in Calcutta and Madras and has gone on to contribute to the social and economic life of Kolkata through manufacturing and trade of
1295:
Kunjali was led to the scaffold. He was fifty years of age, fair, thick set and broadbreasted. He was 'of a low stature, well-shaped and strong'. With him was Chinali, a Chinese youth whom Kunjali had rescued from a Portuguese
365:
Warren Hastings granted land to Achew to set up a sugar cane plantation and sugar factory in a place, currently called Achipur, located near the town of Budge-Budge on the banks of the River Hoogly. According to records of the
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era; Chinese immigrants choose to go to Burma instead. One of the first persons of Chinese origin to arrive in Calcutta was Yang Tai Chow (a.k.a. Tong Achew and Yang Da Zhao) who arrived in 1778.
382:
A later British census found that there were only 362 Chinese people in Calcutta in 1837. A common meeting place was the Temple of Guan Yu, the god of war, located in the Chinese quarter near
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Kunhali and Chinale were for years the greatest scourge of the Portuguese in the India seas. They made such effective depredations against Lusitanian shipping that the former assumed the high
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Though most of the local Chinese are Christians, they celebrate the traditional Chinese New Year with gusto and many who emigrated from Kolkata make it a point to return at this time.
2070:
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1954:
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from 1772 to 1911. Although it was also geographically the easiest accessible metropolitan area from China by land, there were few Chinese people in Calcutta until the late
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Malacca, and said to have been the captive of a Portuguese, taken as a boy from a fusta and afterwards brought to Kunjali, who conceived such an affection for him that he
953:
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853:
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583:, are owned and operated by Chinese. The restaurants have given rise to fusions of Chinese and Indian culinary traditions in the widely available form of
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293:. The place came to be named as Achipur, after Tong Achew. Achew's grave and a Chinese temple is still seen in Achipur. After Tong Achew's death the
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police stations once a month, and until the mid-1990s, they had to apply for special permits to travel more than a few kilometres from their homes.
1947:
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332:'s Samorin, under Andre Furtado de Mendoça they attacked the Kunjali and Chinali's forces, and they were handed over to the Portuguese by the
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1996:
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1371:. Vol. II, PART II. LONDON : WHITING AND CO., SARDINIA STREET. LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS: Printed for the Hakluyt society. p. 516
1247:. Vol. II, PART II. LONDON : WHITING AND CO., SARDINIA STREET. LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS: Printed for the Hakluyt society. p. 523
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or Seong Pow 商报, but figures from 2005 show that sales have dwindled from 500 to 300 copies sold. At one time, 90% of the students of the
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grew to the point where it became hard to physically differentiate Chinese immigrants in Assam from the locals during the period of their
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fought against the Portuguese and raided their shipping. One of the Kunjali Marrakars (Kunjali IV) rescued a Chinese boy, called Chinali,
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Expatriate Chinese workers in India are concentrated in the cities of Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai and Bangalore. The Mumbai neighbourhood of
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1940:
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3432:
3377:
2973:
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1626:
3239:
2284:
2199:
1281:
1015:
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According to Alabaster, there were lard manufacturers and shoemakers in addition to carpenters. Running tanneries and working with
1918:
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592:
3417:
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2406:
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2060:
481:
454:
2300:
1368:
The voyage of François Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil, Issue 80, Volume 2, Part 2
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The voyage of François Pyrard of Laval to the East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil, Issue 80, Volume 2, Part 2
1749:
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987:
739:
1005:
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2597:
2592:
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2022:
1874:
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905:
450:
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1991:
1481:
857:
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1600:
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2027:
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705:
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2001:
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taken at sea and brought to him, he invented the most fiendish tortures ever seen, with which he martyred them."
3538:
3325:
3320:
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3229:
3191:
3149:
3144:
2936:
2811:
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2587:
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2525:
2204:
1309:
1039:"Xing – The Chinese Community in Calcutta: Preservation … - Miscellaneen - Universitätsverlag Halle-Wittenberg"
458:
2337:
56:
2,000 Chinese people in Kolkata (2013) 189,000 including Chinese of Tibetan and Indian ancestry (0.01%, 2005)
3699:
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3274:
2915:
2910:
2837:
2515:
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245:
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1604:
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187:
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487:
118:
1787:
1458:
1078:
1568:
3850:
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325:
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3719:
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3598:
3588:
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2958:
2862:
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609:
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origin and settlement. There are permanent communities descended from immigrants and refugees from
3777:
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3648:
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3310:
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2832:
2827:
2700:
568:
367:
226:
812:"Latest India-China border clash turns spotlight on Tibetan refugees in Special Frontier Force"
3840:
3756:
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3503:
2985:
2946:
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2847:
2764:
2723:
2690:
2657:
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1728:
1366:
1337:
1277:
1242:
1011:
777:
538:(Chindian cuisine), which is now an integral part of the Indian culinary scene. In particular
230:
106:
1529:
1395:
1101:
3736:
3613:
3608:
3576:
3571:
3543:
3531:
3498:
3387:
3382:
3367:
3024:
2842:
2685:
2680:
2614:
2422:
1703:
1038:
764:
749:
729:
572:
495:
376:
322:
318:
314:
266:
179:
138:
130:
110:
102:
51:
45:
3075:
887:"Why India remains a difficult terrain for 7,000 Chinese expatriates living in the country"
659:, Badminton player; Gutta's mother is of Chinese mixed Indian ancestry and father is Indian
233:, the population of Chinese people, many who have multi-generation roots, is around 4,000.
3724:
3689:
3357:
3244:
2980:
2963:
2274:
2055:
1922:
744:
539:
523:
491:
466:
406:
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975:
835:
3679:
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3090:
3080:
2670:
2332:
759:
662:
649:
605:
601:
372:
298:
203:
183:
615:
An exhaustive study of the Kolkata Chinese by Zhang Xing has recently been published.
3870:
3814:
3741:
3593:
3007:
2715:
2157:
2152:
1530:"Glimpses from Calcutta's Old Chinatown: The Oldest Chinatown outside Southeast Asia"
1396:"Glimpses from Calcutta's Old Chinatown: The Oldest Chinatown outside Southeast Asia"
1102:"Glimpses from Calcutta's Old Chinatown: The Oldest Chinatown outside Southeast Asia"
979:
668:
645:
398:
126:
1915:
567:
The most visible Chinese community in India is found in Kolkata where there are two
449:
where contraband was readily available. Opium, however, was not illegal until after
386:. They are all men and came to help assist the British carpentry business after the
284:
The first recorded Chinese settler in India is Tong Achew, a trader who landed near
3053:
2347:
1630:
462:
453:
in 1947. Immigration increased significantly in the 1930s and 1940s because of the
421:
159:
114:
1218:. Original from the University of California Digitized 9 January 2007. p. 456
1190:. Original from the University of California Digitized 9 January 2007. p. 456
1161:. Original from the University of California Digitized 9 January 2007. p. 456
2242:
Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on India–China Border Affairs
1271:
1156:
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in the 5th century AD. Because of influences from other languages, many words in
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441:, one that the Chinese were able to fulfill. Alabaster also mentions licensed
3063:
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2990:
2968:
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in order to comply with visa regulations must routinely exit and leave India.
402:
273:, the Bengali word for "sugar" comes from the word for China, and words like
1916:'Legend of Fat Mama', a 23 minute documentary on Chinatown by Rafeeq Illiyas
499:
442:
329:
294:
278:
122:
90:
1129:
Fidalgos in the Far East, 1550-1770: fact and fancy in the history of Macao
1899:
3058:
2354:
1422:"The legend of Tong Atchew, the 'first ancestor of the Chinese in India'"
719:
710:
641:
302:
163:
151:
1270:
T. Madhava Menon, International School of Dravidian Linguistics (2000).
3029:
3012:
2322:
2172:
1870:
1212:
Yat-Sen institute for the advancement of culture and education (1939).
1184:
Yat-Sen institute for the advancement of culture and education (1939).
1155:
Yat-Sen institute for the advancement of culture and education (1939).
686:
437:. There was a high demand, however, for high quality leather goods in
417:
333:
290:
219:
86:
73:
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Special Representative mechanism on the India-China boundary question
2162:
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262:
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155:
82:
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1692:"Creation of Indian–Chinese cuisine: Chinese food in an Indian city"
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Agreement on the Political Parameters and Guiding Principles, 2005
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1965:
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as well as an expatriate community in India on a temporary basis.
207:
167:
134:
69:
954:"Mumbai's 3rd generation Chinese eye global jobs, learn Mandarin"
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was traditionally not considered a respectable profession among
3421:
2395:
1936:
1928:
Interview with the Principal of Grace Ling Liang English School
469:, where they set up leather tanneries and Chinese restaurants.
1276:. International School of Dravidian Linguistics. p. 161.
534:
Chinese Indians also contributed to the development of fusion
1365:
Pyrard, François; Pierre de Bergeron; Bignon, Jérôme (1890).
1241:
Pyrard, François; Pierre de Bergeron; Bignon, Jérôme (1890).
261:, a monk who temporarily visited Tampralipta, in what is now
1007:
The Chinese Community in Calcutta: Preservation and Change
931:"Assamese of Chinese origin facing severe identity crisis"
2232:
India-China Joint Working Group on the boundary question
1910:
587:. There is one Chinese newspaper published in Kolkata,
269:
can be attributed to Chinese influences. For example,
2071:
Defence of India act and Defence of India rules, 1962
353:
Kolkata, then known as Calcutta, was the capital of
3823:
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2015:
1984:
173:
145:
96:
62:
38:
31:
388:destruction from British colonial famines in India
213:The immigrant community of workers started during
1664:. Inter Press Service News Agency. Archived from
2212:Report of the Officials on the Boundary Question
984:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
1504:
1502:
1342:. Concept Publishing Company. 1978. p. 138
1750:"Kolkata's only Chinese daily on shaky ground"
1057:The Origin and Development of Bengali Language
3433:
2407:
2066:1962 Indian parliamentary resolution on China
1948:
1143:eventual conqueror in 1600, the great Captain
969:
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963:
881:
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869:
867:
602:Chinese New Year / Lunar New Year 农历新年remains
8:
2217:Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement, 1993
1554:
1552:
1550:
999:
997:
575:and an earlier Chinatown was established at
24:
1658:"Little China Stays Alive in Eastern India"
1651:
1649:
1647:
1627:"India's Forgotten Chinese Internment Camp"
829:
827:
825:
782:Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture
3516:
3440:
3426:
3418:
3171:
2879:
2653:
2433:
2414:
2400:
2392:
2227:Border Defence Cooperation Agreement, 2013
1955:
1941:
1933:
1314:(2 ed.). Asia Pub. House. p. 133
948:
946:
944:
222:products and running Chinese restaurants.
23:
2991:Peranakan / Baba Nyonya / Straits Chinese
1707:
715:Great Tang Records on the Western Regions
349:Entrance of Nam Soon Church 南顺会馆, Kolkata
257:The first record of travel from China is
16:People of Chinese origin settled in India
1809:Ramduari, Charukesi (1 September 2013).
1451:"Next weekend you can be at ... Achipur"
1071:"Next weekend you can be at ... Achipur"
427:, and work was relegated to lower caste
3402:of France in the western Indian Ocean.
2033:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1444:
1442:
1010:. Universitätsverlag Halle-Wittenberg.
803:
640:Notable Chinese origin persons include
1599:Mazumdar, Jaideep (20 November 2010).
589:The Overseas Chinese Commerce in India
486:Chinese in India faced accusations of
58:5,000–7,000 Chinese expatriates (2015)
1601:"The 1962 jailing of Chinese Indians"
1308:Odayamadath Kunjappa Nambiar (1963).
1059:, University of Calcutta Press, 1926.
540:Chinese influences on Bengali cuisine
7:
1865:Sheela Narayanan (17 October 2008).
1509:Chowdhury, Rita (18 November 2012).
1480:CHOWDHURY, RITA (18 November 2012).
904:Chowdhury, Rita (18 November 2012).
834:Krishnan, Murali (17 October 2013).
740:Internment of Chinese-Indians (1962)
63:Regions with significant populations
1811:"City Scope: Dancing to a new tune"
1786:. 18 September 2003. Archived from
1905:People of India of Chinese descent
1625:Schiavenza, Matt (9 August 2013).
281:china hint at Chinese influences.
14:
2285:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
1842:. 31 January 2014. Archived from
1561:"Go for a slight change of route"
1311:The Kunjalis, admirals of Calicut
695:, dancer, choreographer and actor
229:numbered around 2,000 in 2013 In
3877:Indian people of Chinese descent
3449:
2377:
2376:
2195:Differing perceptions of the LAC
1974:
1964:
1898:
1727:. Popular Prakashan. p. 7.
780:who originated from present day
1780:"Loss for law, gain for school"
1748:Sardar, Aninda (3 April 2005).
1449:Datta, Rangan (19 March 2006).
1069:Datta, Rangan (19 March 2006).
593:Grace Ling Liang English School
554:Chinese Breakfast at the Bazar.
465:community was relocated to the
2382:Category:China–India relations
2247:Border Personnel Meeting Point
2061:Origins of the Sino-Indian War
1911:Kolkata Chinese Community Blog
1836:"Chinese New Year Celebration"
1690:Sankar, Amal (December 2017).
1273:A handbook of Kerala, Volume 1
482:Persecution of Chinese Indians
1:
3478:National Register of Citizens
2081:Internment of Chinese-Indians
2007:Ambassadors of India to China
1997:Ambassadors of China to India
1559:Sen, Tansen (13 April 2005).
1517:– via www.thehindu.com.
988:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
836:"India's dwindling Chinatown"
665:, legal researcher and lawyer
373:vicinity of Bow Bazaar Street
253:at the ruins of Ashoka palace
3882:Social groups of West Bengal
2547:Democratic Republic of Congo
2023:Greater East Asia Conference
1867:"Go ahead, call me Chindian"
1511:"The Assamese Chinese story"
1482:"The Assamese Chinese story"
1215:T'ien Hsia monthly, Volume 9
1187:T'ien Hsia monthly, Volume 9
1158:T'ien Hsia monthly, Volume 9
1126:Charles Ralph Boxer (1948).
906:"The Assamese Chinese story"
445:run by native Chinese and a
2088:Nathu La and Cho La clashes
1992:Embassy of China, New Delhi
604:widely observed as well as
3908:
3468:Detention centres in Assam
3461:Relevant issues and events
2135:Sino-Indian border dispute
2040:2007 Delhi security summit
2028:Sino-Indian Agreement 1954
1725:Chinese Cooking ( Non-Veg)
982:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.).
735:Chinese temples in Kolkata
490:by the Indians during the
479:
461:. In the early 1900s, the
455:Japanese invasion of China
3887:Chinese diaspora in India
3396:
2373:
2301:Hong Kong–India relations
2002:Embassy of India, Beijing
1709:10.1016/j.jef.2017.10.002
1132:. M. Nijhoff. p. 225
363:Governor-General of India
178:
150:
101:
67:
43:
1815:South China Morning Post
1656:Biswas, Ranjita (2005).
974:Haraprasad, Ray (2012).
816:South China Morning Post
644:people who are of mixed
225:The community living in
2365:Tamil–Chinese relations
2360:Chola–Chinese relations
2183:Sino-Pakistan Agreement
2118:Chinese Order of battle
1723:Sanjeev Kapoor (2007).
1696:Journal of Ethnic Foods
956:. TOI. 3 November 2015.
755:Tibetan people in India
610:Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节
606:Zhong Yuan Festival 中元节
492:Sino Indian war of 1962
196:Chinese people in India
25:Chinese people in India
3846:Foreigner registration
2306:India–Taiwan relations
2280:BCIM Economic Corridor
2190:Line of Actual Control
2123:Indian Order of battle
1840:The New Indian Express
745:Sino-Indian War (1962)
585:Indian Chinese cuisine
555:
536:Indian Chinese cuisine
530:Indian Chinese cuisine
350:
254:
249:Chinese Buddhist monk
3856:Bureau of Immigration
2316:Five Fingers of Tibet
2311:India–Tibet relations
2178:Trans-Karakoram Tract
2098:2013 Depsang standoff
1971:China–India relations
1420:Chakravarty, Ipsita.
706:China–India relations
553:
488:anti-Indian sentiment
348:
323:who had been enslaved
248:
215:British Colonial rule
174:Related ethnic groups
119:Southwestern Mandarin
81:Chinese expatriates:
3851:Visa policy of India
3455:Immigration to India
3155:United Arab Emirates
3047:Straits-Born Chinese
2108:2020–2021 skirmishes
2103:2017 border standoff
1907:at Wikimedia Commons
1004:Zhang, Xing (2015).
627:is described by the
326:on a Portuguese ship
317:, the Indian Muslim
3836:Illegal immigration
3400:overseas department
2706:Trinidad and Tobago
2338:China–India railway
1668:on 18 February 2006
986:(Second ed.).
818:. 4 September 2020.
793:Mongolians in India
451:Indian independence
297:community moved to
198:are communities of
68:Chinese community:
28:
3892:Diasporas in India
3408:Hong Kong Diaspora
2676:Dominican Republic
2256:Economic relations
1921:3 May 2019 at the
1846:on 7 February 2014
1754:The Indian Express
1571:on 3 February 2013
1528:Neogi, Tathagata.
1394:Neogi, Tathagata.
1100:Neogi, Tathagata.
1055:Suniti Chatterji.
935:The Economic Times
891:The Economic Times
860:on 4 January 2011.
772:- Ethnic group in
689:, football manager
671:, actor and singer
556:
368:East India Company
351:
255:
3864:
3863:
3831:Human trafficking
3708:
3707:
3415:
3414:
3354:
3334:
3333:
3253:
3163:
3162:
3042:Chinese nationals
2969:Peranakan Chinese
2871:
2870:
2784:by city and state
2780:
2773:
2739:
2732:
2645:
2644:
2552:Republic of Congo
2389:
2388:
2343:China Study Group
1903:Media related to
1877:on 21 August 2009
1790:on 4 January 2013
1734:978-81-7991-310-9
1461:on 5 January 2013
1081:on 5 January 2013
893:. 28 August 2015.
778:Arunachal Pradesh
413:was the biggest.
319:Kunjali Marakkars
193:
192:
52:Tibetan community
46:Tibetan community
3899:
3517:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3419:
3378:Papua New Guinea
3348:
3249:
3172:
2880:
2776:
2769:
2743:British Columbia
2735:
2728:
2654:
2434:
2423:Overseas Chinese
2416:
2409:
2402:
2393:
2380:
2379:
1985:Diplomatic posts
1979:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1934:
1902:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1873:. Archived from
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1756:. Archived from
1745:
1739:
1738:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1653:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1596:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1567:. Archived from
1556:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1534:Immersive Trails
1525:
1519:
1518:
1506:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1457:. Archived from
1446:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1400:Immersive Trails
1391:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1376:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1319:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1106:Immersive Trails
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1077:. Archived from
1066:
1060:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1001:
992:
991:
971:
958:
957:
950:
939:
938:
927:
921:
920:
918:
916:
901:
895:
894:
883:
862:
861:
856:. Archived from
850:
844:
843:
831:
820:
819:
808:
765:Sikkimese people
750:Tibetan diaspora
730:Indians in China
571:. One exists in
542:are pronounced.
405:during the 1962
377:Chinese New Year
315:Portuguese India
309:Portuguese India
267:Bengali language
39:Total population
29:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3819:
3798:
3782:
3761:
3704:
3668:
3632:
3560:
3508:
3482:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3392:
3330:
3289:
3263:
3196:
3159:
3128:
3097:
2974:Bangka-Belitung
2964:Benteng Chinese
2925:
2899:
2867:
2816:
2790:
2710:
2641:
2556:
2530:
2499:
2463:
2425:
2420:
2390:
2385:
2369:
2289:
2251:
2129:
2056:Sino-Indian War
2044:
2011:
1980:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1923:Wayback Machine
1895:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1793:
1791:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1761:
1760:on 3 April 2005
1747:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1671:
1669:
1655:
1654:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1558:
1557:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1490:
1488:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1374:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1345:
1343:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1317:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1250:
1248:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1229:Diogo do Couto.
1221:
1219:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1193:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1164:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1135:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1054:
1050:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1003:
1002:
995:
973:
972:
961:
952:
951:
942:
929:
928:
924:
914:
912:
903:
902:
898:
885:
884:
865:
852:
851:
847:
833:
832:
823:
810:
809:
805:
801:
702:
638:
621:
598:Chinese temples
561:
548:
532:
484:
478:
476:Sino-Indian War
472:
407:Sino-Indian War
343:
311:
243:
80:
49:
34:
26:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3905:
3903:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3869:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3633:
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3630:
3629:
3628:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3541:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3523:
3521:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3422:
3413:
3412:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3351:from Hong Kong
3342:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3306:Czech Republic
3303:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3251:from Hong Kong
3245:United Kingdom
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2956:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2939:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2774:
2771:from Hong Kong
2762:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2740:
2733:
2730:from Hong Kong
2720:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2617:
2612:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2471:
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2464:
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2461:
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2446:
2440:
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2427:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2374:
2371:
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2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2340:
2335:
2333:Cheena Bhavana
2330:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2295:
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2288:
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2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
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2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2200:Infrastructure
2197:
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2186:
2185:
2175:
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2165:
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2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2076:Forward policy
2073:
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2063:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1913:
1908:
1894:
1893:External links
1891:
1889:
1888:
1857:
1827:
1801:
1771:
1740:
1733:
1715:
1702:(4): 268–273.
1682:
1643:
1617:
1582:
1546:
1520:
1498:
1472:
1438:
1412:
1386:
1357:
1339:Indian Pirates
1329:
1300:
1282:
1262:
1233:
1204:
1176:
1147:
1118:
1092:
1061:
1048:
1030:
1016:
993:
980:Islam, Sirajul
976:"Chinese, The"
959:
940:
922:
896:
863:
845:
840:Deutsche Welle
821:
802:
800:
797:
796:
795:
790:
785:
767:
762:
760:Ladakhi people
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
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722:
717:
708:
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698:
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696:
690:
684:
678:
677:, restaurateur
672:
666:
663:Lawrence Liang
660:
637:
636:Notable people
634:
629:Economic Times
620:
617:
577:Tiretta Bazaar
560:
557:
547:
544:
531:
528:
480:Main article:
477:
474:
457:and resulting
439:colonial India
342:
339:
310:
307:
299:Tiretta Bazaar
242:
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191:
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184:Tibetan People
180:Chinese people
176:
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148:
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65:
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3803:South America
3801:
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3766:North America
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2765:United States
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2240:
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2184:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:Depsang Bulge
2156:
2154:
2153:Dehra Compass
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
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2093:1987 skirmish
2091:
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2079:
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2029:
2026:
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2021:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1929:
1926:
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1917:
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1816:
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1789:
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1784:The Telegraph
1781:
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1570:
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1565:The Telegraph
1562:
1555:
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1516:
1512:
1505:
1503:
1499:
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1473:
1460:
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1455:The Telegraph
1452:
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1383:
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1313:
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1301:
1297:
1285:
1283:81-85692-27-0
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1234:
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1144:
1131:
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1119:
1107:
1103:
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1080:
1076:
1075:The Telegraph
1072:
1065:
1062:
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1044:
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1034:
1031:
1019:
1017:9783869771045
1013:
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669:Meiyang Chang
667:
664:
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501:
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475:
473:
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468:
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460:
456:
452:
448:
447:Cheena Bazaar
444:
440:
436:
435:
430:
426:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:intermarriage
396:
391:
389:
385:
380:
378:
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369:
364:
360:
356:
355:British India
347:
341:British India
340:
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331:
327:
324:
320:
316:
308:
306:
304:
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296:
292:
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189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
127:Hakka Chinese
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
95:
92:
88:
84:
79:
75:
71:
66:
61:
57:
53:
47:
42:
37:
30:
19:
3659:Singaporeans
3584:Bangladeshis
3526:
3403:
2625:Johannesburg
2620:South Africa
2607:
2375:
2348:Tan Yun-Shan
1879:. Retrieved
1875:the original
1860:
1848:. Retrieved
1844:the original
1839:
1830:
1818:. Retrieved
1814:
1804:
1794:26 September
1792:. Retrieved
1788:the original
1783:
1774:
1764:26 September
1762:. Retrieved
1758:the original
1753:
1743:
1724:
1718:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1677:
1672:26 September
1670:. Retrieved
1666:the original
1661:
1634:. Retrieved
1631:The Atlantic
1620:
1608:. Retrieved
1575:26 September
1573:. Retrieved
1569:the original
1564:
1537:. Retrieved
1533:
1523:
1514:
1489:. Retrieved
1485:
1475:
1465:26 September
1463:. Retrieved
1459:the original
1454:
1429:. Retrieved
1425:
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1399:
1389:
1380:
1373:. Retrieved
1367:
1360:
1351:
1344:. Retrieved
1338:
1332:
1323:
1316:. Retrieved
1310:
1303:
1294:
1287:. Retrieved
1272:
1265:
1256:
1249:. Retrieved
1243:
1236:
1227:
1220:. Retrieved
1214:
1207:
1199:
1192:. Retrieved
1186:
1179:
1170:
1163:. Retrieved
1157:
1150:
1141:
1134:. Retrieved
1128:
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1105:
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1079:the original
1074:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1021:. Retrieved
1006:
983:
934:
925:
913:. Retrieved
909:
899:
890:
858:the original
848:
839:
815:
806:
639:
628:
622:
614:
588:
566:
562:
533:
512:
508:
504:
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471:
446:
432:
428:
415:
392:
381:
352:
312:
283:
274:
270:
256:
235:
224:
212:
195:
194:
160:Christianity
115:Amdo Tibetan
55:
27:Sino-Indians
21:Ethnic group
18:
3794:Australians
3621:Sri Lankans
3549:in Varanasi
3373:New Zealand
3240:Netherlands
3064:Phuket Baba
3025:Philippines
2996:Sino-Native
2778:from Taiwan
2737:from Taiwan
2696:Puerto Rico
2148:Dakpa Sheri
1636:17 November
1610:17 November
1431:18 November
770:Ahom people
683:, historian
675:Nelson Wang
657:Jwala Gutta
619:Expatriates
581:Dharmatolla
546:Communities
467:Tangra area
422:upper-caste
384:Dharmatolla
359:British Raj
286:Budge Budge
200:Han Chinese
3871:Categories
3810:Brazilians
3752:Portuguese
3654:Malaysians
3599:Pakistanis
3589:Maldivians
3556:Mongolians
3109:Bangladesh
3076:Minh Hương
2954:East Timor
2895:Kyrgyzstan
2890:Kazakhstan
2802:Costa Rica
2615:Seychelles
2598:Mozambique
2583:Madagascar
2475:Cape Verde
2143:Aksai Chin
1850:1 February
1820:4 February
1085:1 February
915:29 January
854:"僑委會全球資訊網"
693:Jason Tham
681:Anand Yang
652:ancestry.
569:Chinatowns
443:opium dens
403:internment
3778:Canadians
3773:Americans
3685:Armenians
3649:Filipinos
3637:Southeast
3494:Nigerians
3473:NRC Assam
3346:Australia
3124:Sri Lanka
3037:Singapore
2959:Indonesia
2930:Southeast
2863:Venezuela
2828:Argentina
2807:Nicaragua
2747:Vancouver
2658:Caribbean
2593:Mauritius
2049:Conflicts
2016:Diplomacy
1881:8 October
1539:16 August
1515:The Hindu
1486:The Hindu
1426:Scroll.in
1405:16 August
1111:16 August
910:The Hindu
559:Long term
500:Rajasthan
295:Cantonese
279:porcelain
275:Chinamati
188:Bhutanese
123:Cantonese
97:Languages
91:Bangalore
33:印度華人/印度华人
3841:Refugees
3824:See also
3815:Guyanese
3757:Russians
3747:Italians
3725:Scottish
3695:Israelis
3539:Japanese
3532:Tibetans
3504:Ugandans
3404:See also
3301:Bulgaria
3280:Portugal
3268:Southern
3175:Northern
3119:Pakistan
3059:Chin Haw
3054:Thailand
2986:Malaysia
2942:Cambodia
2921:Mongolia
2853:Suriname
2701:Suriname
2650:Americas
2637:Zimbabwe
2573:Botswana
2561:Southern
2542:Cameroon
2521:Tanzania
2511:Ethiopia
2355:Zhengyou
2113:Timeline
1919:Archived
1662:IPS News
784:in China
720:Chindian
711:Xuanzang
700:See also
642:Chindian
524:Assamese
303:Calcutta
164:Hinduism
152:Buddhism
146:Religion
107:Assamese
50:150,000
3787:Oceania
3737:Germans
3720:Britons
3644:Burmese
3614:Sindhis
3609:Pathans
3594:Nepalis
3577:Pathans
3572:Afghans
3544:Koreans
3527:Chinese
3499:Somalis
3339:Oceania
3311:Romania
3294:Eastern
3235:Ireland
3230:Hungary
3225:Germany
3208:Belgium
3201:Western
3187:Finland
3182:Denmark
3091:San Diu
3071:Vietnam
3030:Sangley
3013:Panthay
3003:Myanmar
2947:Hokkien
2883:Central
2858:Uruguay
2795:Central
2753:Toronto
2691:Jamaica
2609:Réunion
2603:Namibia
2578:Lesotho
2535:Central
2495:Senegal
2490:Nigeria
2459:Morocco
2444:Algeria
2323:Chindia
2294:Related
2173:Sirijap
1871:AsiaOne
1375:2 March
1346:2 March
1318:2 March
1289:2 March
1251:2 March
1222:2 March
1194:2 March
1165:2 March
1136:2 March
1043:uvhw.de
687:Yan Law
650:Chinese
434:chamars
418:leather
334:Samorin
330:Calicut
291:Kolkata
241:History
227:Kolkata
220:leather
204:Tibetan
139:Marathi
131:Bengali
111:Tibetan
103:English
87:Gurgaon
74:Kolkata
54:(2011)
44:85,000
3732:French
3713:Europe
3690:Iraqis
3626:Tamils
3604:Baloch
3487:Africa
3363:Hawaii
3326:Turkey
3321:Serbia
3316:Russia
3257:London
3213:France
3192:Sweden
3168:Europe
3150:Turkey
3145:Israel
3008:Kokang
2937:Brunei
2843:Guyana
2833:Brazil
2812:Panama
2760:Mexico
2724:Canada
2681:Guyana
2666:Belize
2632:Zambia
2588:Malawi
2568:Angola
2526:Uganda
2430:Africa
2328:Chinas
2163:Doklam
1731:
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725:Chinas
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425:Hindus
263:Tamluk
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251:Faxian
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156:Taoism
83:Mumbai
78:Mumbai
48:(2018)
3742:Irish
3700:Turks
3680:Arabs
3664:Thais
3565:South
3388:Tonga
3383:Samoa
3368:Palau
3285:Spain
3275:Italy
3218:Paris
3114:India
3102:South
3018:Pashu
2916:Korea
2911:Japan
2838:Chile
2821:South
2716:North
2686:Haiti
2516:Kenya
2480:Ghana
2454:Libya
2449:Egypt
2437:North
2275:BASIC
2263:BRICS
2205:Roads
2168:Dolam
1296:ship.
978:. In
799:Notes
774:Assam
625:Powai
519:Makum
515:Assam
496:Deoli
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411:Makum
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271:chini
208:China
168:Islam
135:Hindi
70:Assam
3673:West
3520:East
3513:Asia
3358:Fiji
3140:Iran
3133:West
3086:Nùng
3081:Ngái
2981:Laos
2904:East
2876:Asia
2848:Peru
2671:Cuba
2504:East
2485:Mali
2468:West
2268:BRIC
1883:2009
1852:2014
1822:2014
1796:2006
1766:2006
1729:ISBN
1674:2006
1638:2014
1612:2014
1605:OPEN
1577:2006
1541:2024
1493:2014
1467:2006
1433:2018
1407:2024
1377:2012
1348:2012
1320:2012
1291:2012
1278:ISBN
1253:2012
1224:2012
1196:2012
1167:2012
1138:2012
1113:2024
1087:2014
1025:2020
1012:ISBN
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