1350:
683:
671:
709:
695:
659:
647:
877:
107:
515:. She pined for her warm sea-home in the southwest, and sent a message to her people. They came to her in a vision in the form of snowflakes, and told her they were coming to get her. They came in great number and quarrelled with Glacier over her, but they overwhelmed him and in the end she went home with them.
639:
The stunning colors seen in the
Chinook arch are quite common. Typically, the colours will change throughout the day, starting with yellow, orange, red, and pink shades in the morning as the sun comes up, grey shades at midday changing to pink / red colours, and then orange / yellow hues just before
566:
In
Pincher Creek, the temperature rose by 25.5 °C (45.9 °F), from −23.2 to 2.2 °C (−9.8 to 36.0 °F), in one hour on 6 January 1966. During the winter, driving can be treacherous, as the wind blows snow across roadways, sometimes causing roads to vanish and snowdrifts to pile
798:
The frequent midwinter thaws by interior
Chinooks in Great Plains country are more of a bane than a blessing to gardeners. Plants can be visibly brought out of dormancy by persistent, warm interior Chinook winds, or have their hardiness reduced even if they appear to remain dormant. In either case,
746:
Sometimes the interior
Chinooks are caused by the same air flow as the coastal Chinooks: As moist winds from the Pacific (coastal Chinooks) are forced to rise over the mountains, the moisture in the air is condensed and falls out as precipitation, while the air cools at the moist adiabatic rate of
1012:
residents often believe the warm winds which melt snow and leave their streets slushy and muddy are a midwinter gift from Hawaii, following a common mistake that the warm winds come from the same place as the similar winds near the coasts in southern
British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon.
94:('chin'+'uk'), the name refers to wet, warm winds off the ocean from the southwest; this is the original use of the term. The coastal Chinook winds deliver tremendous amounts of moisture both as rain along the coast and snow in the coastal mountains, that sustain the characteristic
605:
Two common cloud patterns seen in the interior during this time are a chinook arch overhead, and a bank of clouds (also referred to as a cloud wall) obscuring the mountains to the west. The bank appears to be an approaching storm, but does not advance any further to the east.
589:
This clash of temperatures can remain stationary, or move back and forth, in the latter case causing such fluctuations as a warm morning, a bitterly cold afternoon, and a warm evening. A curtain of fog often accompanies the clash between warm to the west and cold to the east.
826:. Native trees in the interior Chinook-affected areas of Alberta are known to be small, with much less growth than the same species growing in areas not affected by interior Chinook winds. This is once again caused by the "off-and-on" dormancy throughout winter.
268:
when a coastal
Chinook is in effect are the reverse. In a rainy spell, most of the heavy moisture will be wrung out of the rising air as a consequence of crossing over the mountain ramparts before the air mass descends (and hence warms and dries) into the
944:
also holds the world record for the fastest decrease in temperature, for the same day. On
January 22, 1943, the temperature decreased from 54 to −4 °F (12 to −20 °C), a 58 °F (32 °C) change in temperature. This occurred in 27 minutes.
524:
1511:"On 13 September 2002, citing a unanimous recommendation from the National Climate Extremes Committee, the Director of NCDC accepted the Loma, Montana 24 hour temperature change of 103°F, making it the new official national record"
188:, where the term was first derived. The reference to "a Chinook" wind or weather system originally meant, to euro-American settlers along the Pacific Northwest coast, a warming wind from the ocean blowing into the interior regions of the
937:
holds the world record for the fastest increase in temperature. On
January 22, 1943, the temperature increased from −4 to 45 °F (−20 to 7 °C), a 49 °F (27 °C) change in temperature. This occurred in just 2 minutes.
261:. Snowfalls and the cold spells that spawned them only last a few days during a Chinook; as the warm coastal Chinooks blow from the southwest, they push back east the cold Arctic air. The snow melts quickly and is gone within a week.
53:
blowing down the eastern sides of interior mountain ranges. The coastal
Chinooks were the original term, used along the northwest coast, and the term in the interior of North America is later and derives from the coastal term.
930:
has the world record for the most extreme temperature change in a 24-hour period. On
January 15, 1972, the temperature increased from −54 to 49 °F (−48 to 9 °C), a 103 °F (57 °C) change in temperature.
293:. When the coastal Chinook brings snow to the coast during a period of coastal cold, bright but chilly weather in the interior will give way to a slushy melting of snow, more due to the warm spell than because of rain.
249:
are frequent during a Chinook, but strong gale- or storm-force winds are uncommon; most of the region's stormy winds come when a fast "westerly" jet stream lets air masses from temperate and subarctic latitudes clash.
48:
in western North America: Coastal Chinooks and interior Chinooks. The coastal Chinooks are persistent seasonal, wet, southwesterly winds blowing in from the ocean. The interior Chinooks are occasional warm, dry
1378:
625:. To those unfamiliar with it, the Chinook arch may at times look like a threatening storm cloud, however, the arch clouds rarely produce rain or snow. They can also create stunning sunrises and sunsets.
951:
had the world record for the fastest decrease in temperature. On January 10, 1911, the temperature decreased from 60 to 13 °F (16 to −11 °C), a 47 °F (26 °C) change in temperature.
253:
When a coastal Chinook comes in when an Arctic air mass is holding steady over the coast, the tropical dampness brought in suddenly cools, penetrating the frozen air and coming down in volumes of
199:
can make snow one foot (30 cm) deep almost vanish in one day. The snow partly sublimates and partly melts and evaporates in the dry wind. Chinook winds have been observed to raise winter
567:
up higher than a metre. Empty semitrailer trucks driving along Highway 3 and other routes in southern Alberta have been blown over by the high gusts of wind caused by interior Chinooks.
743:). As a consequence of the different adiabatic rates of moist and dry air, the air on the leeward slopes becomes warmer than equivalent elevations on the windward slopes.
547:, which get 30–35 Chinook days per year, on average. Interior Chinooks become less frequent further south in the United States, and are not as common north of
1551:
1530:
203:, often from below −20 °C (−4 °F) to as high as 10–20 °C (50–68 °F) for a few hours or days, then temperatures plummet to their base levels.
168:
on the eastern sides of mountain ranges, after having lost their moisture on the western sides; however, due to expanded use of the term in the interior for any
281:
area. The effects are similar to those of an Albertan interior Chinook, though not to the same extreme, partly because the Okanagan is relatively warmer than
1354:
985:. They consist of cold airstreams from the continental air mass pouring out of the interior plateau via certain river valleys and canyons penetrating the
245:
The air associated with a coastal Chinook is stable; this minimizes wind gusts and often keeps winds light in sheltered areas. In exposed areas, fresh
574:, Alberta, a town just south of Calgary, recorded a temperature of 24 °C (75 °F); again, the next day 21 °C (70 °F) was recorded.
790:
Chinook. The three different weather conditions are all caused by the same flow of air, hence the confusion over the use of the name "Chinook wind".
1649:
904:
side of any nearby mountain range. The föhns called "Chinook winds" are seen throughout most of inland western North America, particularly the
694:
670:
1572:
1493:
1249:
1543:
912:
especially has a significant amount of föhn winds throughout much of the state during the winter months, but particularly coming off the
1659:
1191:
868:. At such times, it is possible for it to be cold at street level and much warmer at the tops of the skyscrapers and in higher terrain.
682:
806:– where constant cold maintains dormancy throughout the winter – are difficult to grow in the Alberta Chinook belt. Examples include
1628:
471:
430:
715:
708:
646:
1086:
1422:
556:
919:
On rare occasions, Chinook winds generated on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains have reached as far east as Wisconsin.
1664:
1120:
1110:
1100:
511:
tells of a girl named Chinook-Wind, who married Chinook Glacier, and moved to his country, which was in the area of today's
180:
call these winds the "snow eater"; however, the more commonly used term "Chinook" originates from the name of the eponymous
658:
95:
1461:
1453:
1669:
1038:
838:
headaches suffered by the locals. At least one study conducted by the department of clinical neurosciences at the
224:, and is the original use of the term, being rooted in the lore of coastal natives and immigrants, and brought to
265:
1534:
948:
853:
In mid-winter over major centres such as Calgary, interior Chinooks can often override cold air in the city,
1674:
941:
934:
540:
484:
302:
1147:
862:
839:
764:
754:
The dried air then descends on the leeward side of the mountains, warming at the dry adiabatic rate of
206:
Its speed is generally between 16 km/h (10mph) and 60 km/h (37.5mph), gusting to 100 km/h (62.5 mph).
1001:
913:
783:
775:
31:
552:
487:, who were familiar with the Chinook people and country, brought the name east of the Cascades and
301:
The word "Chinook" remains in common use among local fishermen and people in communities along the
1540:
622:
318:
306:
767:
from forming on the lee side of the slope, allowing night-time temperatures to remain elevated.
480:
354:) as it is in the interior, east of the Cascades, but is in the original coastal pronunciation
285:, and partly because of the additional number of precipitation-catching mountain ranges between
1353:. Environment and Natural Resources. Hourly Data Report. Government of Canada. 6 January 1966.
1624:
1568:
1489:
1245:
1048:
1009:
997:
964:
771:
563:, and as far south as Las Vegas, Nevada, and occasionally to Carlsbad, in eastern New Mexico.
548:
439:
398:
234:
229:
215:
189:
128:
99:
59:
1195:
1284:
1043:
960:
854:
779:
719:
629:
560:
512:
445:
404:
394:
361:
328:
221:
177:
138:
65:
1547:
1058:
1053:
1005:
986:
976:
968:
905:
807:
740:
488:
508:
228:
by French-speaking fur-traders. Such winds are extremely wet and warm and arrive off the
1265:
1654:
1023:
274:
185:
181:
135:
lie immediately east of various interior mountain ranges. There the name is pronounced
1643:
1614:
1483:
1094:
927:
897:
893:
834:
Interior Chinook winds are said to sometimes cause a sharp increase in the number of
618:
614:
536:
270:
254:
239:
45:
1430:
495:
was the original pronunciation, before the word's transmission east of the Rockies.
843:
282:
132:
1173:
1033:
889:
876:
787:
732:
196:
169:
165:
124:
111:
50:
1242:
Meteorology Today : An introduction to weather, climate, and the environment
1124:
1114:
1104:
1510:
1151:
1028:
633:
609:
One of its most striking features of the interior Chinook weather system is the
599:
314:
200:
993:
972:
823:
583:
571:
544:
523:
504:
17:
1526:
819:
815:
736:
258:
971:
in certain areas, rooted in the direction of such winds coming down out of
1216:
739:
warming of air which has dropped most of its moisture on windward slopes (
491:, along with their own ethnic pronunciation. Early records are clear that
438:. However, the common pronunciation current throughout most of the inland
106:
1589:
981:
847:
835:
803:
278:
164:('shin'+'uk'). The same warm, wet coastal winds can also become the warm
888:
In the North American western interior, winds that are generally called
232:
from the southwest. These same winds have more recently been called the
1620:
909:
901:
532:
290:
286:
225:
900:
are called "Chinooks". Regardless of the name, föhns can occur on the
763:
The turbulence of the high winds also can prevent the usual nocturnal
1244:(11th, student ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. p. 246.
881:
782:
is being hammered by snow (robbing the air of its moisture), and the
310:
172:, interior Chinooks are not necessarily originally coastal Chinooks.
1590:"The Black Hills Remarkable Temperature Change of January 22, 1943"
875:
811:
522:
238:, since they are of tropical origin, roughly from the area of the
105:
110:
Adiabatic warming of downward moving air; this produces the warm
865:
858:
246:
1266:"Sublimation – the Water Cycle, from USGS Water-Science School"
1567:. – Lincoln, Nebraska: The University of Nebraska. – p.158. –
842:
supports that belief. They are popularly believed to increase
123:
In North American western interior, the same name is used for
407:
959:
The resulting outflow wind is more or less the opposite of
700:
Chinook arch over Kelowna, BC, Canada, 2 October 2007
479:, as in French. This difference may be because it was the
460:
448:
419:
379:
367:
343:
331:
153:
141:
83:
71:
1373:
1371:
451:
410:
370:
334:
144:
74:
735:, a rain shadow wind which results from the subsequent
676:
Chinook arch in Calgary, Alberta, 19 November 2005
1488:(2nd ed.). Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink press.
1509:
Horvitz, Andrew H.; et al. (13 September 2002).
916:
in the northern and west-central areas of the state.
582:
The interior Chinooks can seem to battle with Arctic
551:, but they can and do occur annually as far north as
472:
463:
457:
431:
422:
416:
382:
376:
346:
340:
156:
150:
86:
80:
1217:"Chinook – origin and meaning of the name "Chinook""
364:
68:
1409:
Mountain Meteorology: Fundamentals and applications
992:A similar, local föhn wind regularly occurs in the
872:
Chinooks and föhn winds in the inland United States
621:, caused by air rippling over the mountains due to
531:Interior Chinooks are most prevalent over southern
454:
413:
373:
337:
147:
77:
1240:Ahrens, C. Donald; Henson, Robert (January 2015).
1527:"South Dakota Weather History and Trivia January"
1516:(Press release). American Meteorological Society.
1324:(various ed.). Lillooet, BC: self-published.
1160:Comparative vocabularies of the Indian tribes etc
1402:
1400:
519:Chinooks in Alberta and eastern British Columbia
401:, the word Chinook was predominantly pronounced
1552:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1531:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
794:Interior Chinooks and gardening on Great Plains
786:side of the Rockies in Alberta is basking in a
220:"Chinook" is used for coastal Chinook winds in
652:Chinook arch over Calgary, 6 January 2003
527:Where interior Chinooks occur most frequently.
44:, are two types of prevailing warm, generally
1194:. Telefilm Canada. 2013-10-17. Archived from
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
313:, and in particular, the term is used in the
8:
1221:Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com)
955:Squamish winds, williwaws, and Chugach föhns
799:they become vulnerable to later cold waves.
184:, who lived near the ocean, along the lower
880:The signature interior Chinook arch over a
1335:Bouchard, Randy; Kennedy, Dorothy (1977).
688:Chinook arch over Calgary, March 2007
1458:Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture
1091:Siwash — Indian History of the Northwest
996:region in Alaska, as air moves over the
632:, also a föhn cloud, is seen in eastern
499:First nations myth from British Columbia
1070:
642:
1309:. New York, NY: Checkmark Books. 2000.
442:, Alberta, and the rest of Canada, is
321:. Coastal "Chinook" is not pronounced
297:Pronunciation in the Pacific Northwest
176:In the interior of North America, the
1583:
1581:
1285:"Chinook | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
774:coast is being drenched by rain, the
535:in Canada, especially in a belt from
7:
967:coastal Chinook. These are called a
664:The extreme colors of a Chinook arch
617:in the form of a band of stationary
62:coast, where the name is pronounced
1554:. – (Adobe Acrobat *.PDF document).
1385:. Daily Data Report. February 1992
1093:. pp. 156–158. Archived from
25:
1588:US Department of Commerce, NOAA.
707:
693:
681:
669:
657:
645:
444:
403:
360:
327:
137:
64:
1379:"Claresholm Waterworks Station"
1357:from the original on 2010-03-23
1339:. Victoria Sound Heritage. 6.1.
1087:"The Indian and the South Wind"
114:called a "Chinook" (pronounced
27:Warm, dry wind in North America
1650:Climate of the Rocky Mountains
1307:The Facts on File Encyclopedia
230:western coast of North America
1:
1616:The Handy Weather Answer Book
1485:The Handy Weather Answer Book
1452:Burrows, Alvin T. (c. 1901).
979:, and in Alaska are called a
802:Many plants which do well at
578:Clashing with Arctic air mass
1462:US Department of Agriculture
861:in the cold air and causing
555:in northwestern Alberta and
266:Interior of British Columbia
118:) in interior North America.
1407:Whiteman, C. David (2000).
1305:"Word and Phrase Origins".
1691:
1660:Natural history of Alberta
1565:Deadwood: The Golden Years
1411:. Oxford University Press.
1039:Southeast Australian foehn
731:The interior Chinook is a
628:A similar phenomenon, the
597:
570:On 27 February 1992,
213:
29:
1563:Parker, Watson (1981). –
1322:Short Portage to Lillooet
1613:Lyons, Walter A (1997).
1535:National Weather Service
1482:Lyons, Walter A (1997).
1351:"Pincher Creek, Alberta"
1283:L. C. Nkemdirim (2006).
949:Rapid City, South Dakota
598:Not to be confused with
210:In the Pacific Northwest
1178:Encyclopædia Britannica
1156:original pronunciation"
1085:Costello, J.A. (1909).
942:Spearfish, South Dakota
935:Spearfish, South Dakota
397:and other parts of the
127:, generally, where the
885:
770:Quite often, when the
528:
303:British Columbia Coast
192:of the North America.
119:
1665:Western United States
1623:: Visible Ink press.
1423:"Chinooks and health"
879:
840:University of Calgary
765:temperature inversion
526:
503:Native legend of the
109:
96:temperate rainforests
1002:Prince William Sound
914:Rocky Mountain Front
752:(3.5 °F / 1000 ft).
485:Hudson's Bay Company
32:Chinook Winds Casino
30:For the casino, see
1454:"The Chinook Winds"
1433:on 27 November 2020
989:towards the coast.
759:(5.5 °F / 1000 ft).
727:Cause of occurrence
264:The effects on the
98:and climate of the
1546:2008-05-28 at the
1541:"Weather Extremes"
1383:Environment Canada
1192:"Snow Eater (The)"
886:
776:windward (western)
623:orographic lifting
529:
120:
1670:Climate of Canada
1573:978-0-8032-8702-0
1495:978-0-7876-1034-0
1251:978-1-305-11358-9
1049:Pineapple express
998:Chugach Mountains
965:Pacific Northwest
784:leeward (eastern)
772:Pacific Northwest
483:employees of the
440:Pacific Northwest
399:Pacific Northwest
235:pineapple express
216:Pineapple Express
190:Pacific Northwest
129:Canadian Prairies
100:Pacific Northwest
60:Pacific Northwest
16:(Redirected from
1682:
1635:
1634:
1619:(2nd ed.).
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1585:
1576:
1561:
1555:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1429:. Archived from
1419:
1413:
1412:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1337:Lillooet Stories
1332:
1326:
1325:
1320:Edwards, Irene.
1317:
1311:
1310:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1144:
1129:
1128:
1123:. Archived from
1118:
1113:. Archived from
1108:
1103:. Archived from
1098:
1082:
961:British Columbia
760:
757:
753:
750:
720:southern Alberta
718:Chinook arch in
711:
697:
685:
673:
661:
649:
561:British Columbia
559:in northeastern
513:Birkenhead River
507:subgroup of the
476:
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
435:
429:
428:
425:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
395:British Columbia
389:
388:
385:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
353:
352:
349:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
222:British Columbia
178:Blackfoot people
163:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
93:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
73:
70:
21:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1631:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1596:
1594:www.weather.gov
1587:
1586:
1579:
1562:
1558:
1548:Wayback Machine
1539:—Appendix I: –
1538:
1525:
1521:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1360:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1225:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1201:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1146:
1145:
1132:
1119:
1109:
1099:
1084:
1083:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:Sundowner winds
1054:Santa Ana winds
1019:
1006:Portage Glacier
987:Coast Mountains
977:Squamish people
957:
925:
874:
832:
822:varieties, and
796:
758:
755:
751:
748:
741:orographic lift
729:
724:
723:
722:
717:
712:
701:
698:
689:
686:
677:
674:
665:
662:
653:
650:
603:
596:
580:
521:
501:
474:
447:
443:
433:
406:
402:
363:
359:
330:
326:
299:
257:, sometimes to
218:
212:
140:
136:
67:
63:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1688:
1686:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1605:
1577:
1556:
1519:
1501:
1494:
1474:
1444:
1414:
1396:
1367:
1342:
1327:
1312:
1297:
1275:
1270:water.usgs.gov
1257:
1250:
1232:
1208:
1183:
1174:"Chinook wind"
1165:
1130:
1127:on 2008-05-30.
1117:on 2008-05-30,
1107:on 2008-05-30,
1097:on 2007-10-28:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1024:Catabatic wind
1020:
1018:
1015:
975:, home to the
956:
953:
924:
921:
906:Rocky Mountain
898:climatologists
894:meteorologists
884:suburb in 2006
873:
870:
831:
828:
795:
792:
756:10 °C / 1000 m
728:
725:
714:
713:
706:
705:
704:
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702:
699:
692:
690:
687:
680:
678:
675:
668:
666:
663:
656:
654:
651:
644:
640:the sun sets.
619:stratus clouds
595:
592:
579:
576:
541:Crowsnest Pass
520:
517:
500:
497:
305:, and coastal
298:
295:
275:Thompson River
214:Main article:
211:
208:
186:Columbia River
182:Chinook people
174:
173:
104:
103:
46:westerly winds
26:
24:
18:Chinook (wind)
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1687:
1676:
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1630:0-7876-1034-8
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1427:Migraines.org
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1198:on 2013-10-17
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1044:Nor'west arch
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1016:
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970:
966:
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954:
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950:
946:
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929:
928:Loma, Montana
922:
920:
917:
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907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
883:
878:
871:
869:
867:
864:
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856:
851:
849:
848:sleeplessness
845:
841:
837:
829:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
800:
793:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
768:
766:
761:
749:5 °C / 1000 m
744:
742:
738:
734:
726:
721:
716:
710:
696:
691:
684:
679:
672:
667:
660:
655:
648:
643:
641:
637:
635:
631:
630:nor'west arch
626:
624:
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616:
612:
607:
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593:
591:
587:
585:
577:
575:
573:
568:
564:
562:
558:
557:Fort St. John
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:Pincher Creek
534:
525:
518:
516:
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506:
498:
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486:
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478:
477:
468:
441:
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427:
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357:
351:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
296:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:Fraser Canyon
267:
262:
260:
256:
251:
248:
243:
242:near Hawaii.
241:
237:
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231:
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217:
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134:
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117:
113:
108:
101:
97:
91:
61:
57:
56:
55:
52:
47:
43:
39:
38:Chinook winds
33:
19:
1615:
1608:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:
1564:
1559:
1522:
1504:
1484:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1457:
1447:
1435:. Retrieved
1431:the original
1426:
1417:
1408:
1387:. Retrieved
1382:
1359:. Retrieved
1345:
1336:
1330:
1321:
1315:
1306:
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1278:
1269:
1260:
1241:
1235:
1224:. Retrieved
1220:
1211:
1200:. Retrieved
1196:the original
1186:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1153:
1152:"Example of
1148:Tolmie, W.F.
1125:the original
1115:the original
1105:the original
1095:the original
1090:
991:
980:
958:
947:
940:
933:
926:
918:
887:
852:
844:irritability
833:
801:
797:
778:side of the
769:
762:
745:
730:
638:
627:
611:Chinook arch
610:
608:
604:
594:Chinook arch
588:
581:
569:
565:
530:
502:
492:
392:
355:
322:
300:
283:the Prairies
263:
252:
244:
233:
219:
205:
194:
175:
133:Great Plains
115:
41:
40:, or simply
37:
36:
1675:Föhn effect
1029:Diablo wind
824:Amur maples
634:New Zealand
600:Shelf cloud
315:Puget Sound
255:powder snow
201:temperature
1644:Categories
1599:2024-03-03
1467:6 February
1437:2 February
1361:2021-09-30
1290:August 17,
1226:2019-05-14
1202:2019-05-14
1066:References
994:Cook Inlet
973:Howe Sound
890:föhn winds
859:pollutants
615:föhn cloud
586:at times.
584:air masses
572:Claresholm
553:High Level
545:Lethbridge
319:Washington
307:Washington
166:föhn winds
125:föhn winds
58:Along the
51:föhn winds
1034:Föhn wind
1010:Anchorage
863:inversion
820:juneberry
816:raspberry
737:adiabatic
733:föhn wind
509:St'at'imc
259:sea level
197:föhn wind
195:A strong
170:föhn wind
112:föhn wind
1544:Archived
1389:28 April
1355:Archived
1154:tshinook
1150:(1884).
1121:"p. 158"
1111:"p. 157"
1101:"p. 156"
1017:See also
1000:between
982:williwaw
969:squamish
908:region.
855:trapping
836:migraine
808:basswood
804:Winnipeg
549:Red Deer
543:through
493:tshinook
317:area of
279:Okanagan
273:and the
42:Chinooks
1621:Detroit
1180:. 2006.
923:Records
910:Montana
902:leeward
810:, some
780:Rockies
533:Alberta
505:Lil'wat
489:Rockies
356:chin-uk
323:shin-uk
291:Calgary
287:Kelowna
240:Pacific
226:Alberta
116:shin‑uk
1627:
1571:
1492:
1248:
882:Denver
830:Health
818:, and
311:Oregon
1655:Winds
1514:(PDF)
812:apple
481:Métis
247:gales
1625:ISBN
1569:ISBN
1550:. –
1529:. –
1490:ISBN
1469:2016
1439:2008
1391:2016
1292:2024
1246:ISBN
1004:and
896:and
866:smog
857:the
846:and
788:föhn
613:, a
539:and
475:NUUK
473:shi-
434:NUUK
432:chi-
309:and
289:and
131:and
1533:'s
892:by
393:In
390:).
1646::
1592:.
1580:^
1460:.
1456:.
1425:.
1399:^
1381:.
1370:^
1268:.
1219:.
1176:.
1158:.
1133:^
1089:.
1073:^
1008:.
963:/
850:.
814:,
636:.
408:tʃ
1633:.
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1537:.
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1471:.
1441:.
1393:.
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1294:.
1272:.
1254:.
1229:.
1205:.
1162:.
602:.
467:/
464:k
461:ʊ
458:n
455:ˈ
452:ɪ
449:ʃ
446:/
426:/
423:k
420:ʊ
417:n
414:ˈ
411:ɪ
405:/
386:/
383:k
380:ʊ
377:n
374:ˈ
371:ɪ
368:ʃ
365:t
362:/
358:(
350:/
347:k
344:ʊ
341:n
338:ˈ
335:ɪ
332:ʃ
329:/
325:(
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160:/
157:k
154:ʊ
151:n
148:ˈ
145:ɪ
142:ʃ
139:/
102:.
90:/
87:k
84:ʊ
81:n
78:ˈ
75:ɪ
72:ʃ
69:t
66:/
34:.
20:)
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