1339:
672:
660:
698:
684:
648:
636:
866:
96:
504:. She pined for her warm sea-home in the southwest, and sent a message to her people. They came to her in a vision in the form of snowflakes, and told her they were coming to get her. They came in great number and quarrelled with Glacier over her, but they overwhelmed him and in the end she went home with them.
628:
The stunning colors seen in the
Chinook arch are quite common. Typically, the colours will change throughout the day, starting with yellow, orange, red, and pink shades in the morning as the sun comes up, grey shades at midday changing to pink / red colours, and then orange / yellow hues just before
555:
In
Pincher Creek, the temperature rose by 25.5 °C (45.9 °F), from −23.2 to 2.2 °C (−9.8 to 36.0 °F), in one hour on 6 January 1966. During the winter, driving can be treacherous, as the wind blows snow across roadways, sometimes causing roads to vanish and snowdrifts to pile
787:
The frequent midwinter thaws by interior
Chinooks in Great Plains country are more of a bane than a blessing to gardeners. Plants can be visibly brought out of dormancy by persistent, warm interior Chinook winds, or have their hardiness reduced even if they appear to remain dormant. In either case,
735:
Sometimes the interior
Chinooks are caused by the same air flow as the coastal Chinooks: As moist winds from the Pacific (coastal Chinooks) are forced to rise over the mountains, the moisture in the air is condensed and falls out as precipitation, while the air cools at the moist adiabatic rate of
1001:
residents often believe the warm winds which melt snow and leave their streets slushy and muddy are a midwinter gift from Hawaii, following a common mistake that the warm winds come from the same place as the similar winds near the coasts in southern
British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon.
83:('chin'+'uk'), the name refers to wet, warm winds off the ocean from the southwest; this is the original use of the term. The coastal Chinook winds deliver tremendous amounts of moisture both as rain along the coast and snow in the coastal mountains, that sustain the characteristic
594:
Two common cloud patterns seen in the interior during this time are a chinook arch overhead, and a bank of clouds (also referred to as a cloud wall) obscuring the mountains to the west. The bank appears to be an approaching storm, but does not advance any further to the east.
578:
This clash of temperatures can remain stationary, or move back and forth, in the latter case causing such fluctuations as a warm morning, a bitterly cold afternoon, and a warm evening. A curtain of fog often accompanies the clash between warm to the west and cold to the east.
815:. Native trees in the interior Chinook-affected areas of Alberta are known to be small, with much less growth than the same species growing in areas not affected by interior Chinook winds. This is once again caused by the "off-and-on" dormancy throughout winter.
257:
when a coastal
Chinook is in effect are the reverse. In a rainy spell, most of the heavy moisture will be wrung out of the rising air as a consequence of crossing over the mountain ramparts before the air mass descends (and hence warms and dries) into the
933:
also holds the world record for the fastest decrease in temperature, for the same day. On
January 22, 1943, the temperature decreased from 54 to −4 °F (12 to −20 °C), a 58 °F (32 °C) change in temperature. This occurred in 27 minutes.
513:
1500:"On 13 September 2002, citing a unanimous recommendation from the National Climate Extremes Committee, the Director of NCDC accepted the Loma, Montana 24 hour temperature change of 103°F, making it the new official national record"
177:, where the term was first derived. The reference to "a Chinook" wind or weather system originally meant, to euro-American settlers along the Pacific Northwest coast, a warming wind from the ocean blowing into the interior regions of the
926:
holds the world record for the fastest increase in temperature. On
January 22, 1943, the temperature increased from −4 to 45 °F (−20 to 7 °C), a 49 °F (27 °C) change in temperature. This occurred in just 2 minutes.
250:. Snowfalls and the cold spells that spawned them only last a few days during a Chinook; as the warm coastal Chinooks blow from the southwest, they push back east the cold Arctic air. The snow melts quickly and is gone within a week.
42:
blowing down the eastern sides of interior mountain ranges. The coastal
Chinooks were the original term, used along the northwest coast, and the term in the interior of North America is later and derives from the coastal term.
919:
has the world record for the most extreme temperature change in a 24-hour period. On
January 15, 1972, the temperature increased from −54 to 49 °F (−48 to 9 °C), a 103 °F (57 °C) change in temperature.
282:. When the coastal Chinook brings snow to the coast during a period of coastal cold, bright but chilly weather in the interior will give way to a slushy melting of snow, more due to the warm spell than because of rain.
238:
are frequent during a Chinook, but strong gale- or storm-force winds are uncommon; most of the region's stormy winds come when a fast "westerly" jet stream lets air masses from temperate and subarctic latitudes clash.
37:
in western North America: Coastal Chinooks and interior Chinooks. The coastal Chinooks are persistent seasonal, wet, southwesterly winds blowing in from the ocean. The interior Chinooks are occasional warm, dry
1367:
614:. To those unfamiliar with it, the Chinook arch may at times look like a threatening storm cloud, however, the arch clouds rarely produce rain or snow. They can also create stunning sunrises and sunsets.
940:
had the world record for the fastest decrease in temperature. On January 10, 1911, the temperature decreased from 60 to 13 °F (16 to −11 °C), a 47 °F (26 °C) change in temperature.
242:
When a coastal Chinook comes in when an Arctic air mass is holding steady over the coast, the tropical dampness brought in suddenly cools, penetrating the frozen air and coming down in volumes of
188:
can make snow one foot (30 cm) deep almost vanish in one day. The snow partly sublimates and partly melts and evaporates in the dry wind. Chinook winds have been observed to raise winter
556:
up higher than a metre. Empty semitrailer trucks driving along Highway 3 and other routes in southern Alberta have been blown over by the high gusts of wind caused by interior Chinooks.
732:). As a consequence of the different adiabatic rates of moist and dry air, the air on the leeward slopes becomes warmer than equivalent elevations on the windward slopes.
536:, which get 30–35 Chinook days per year, on average. Interior Chinooks become less frequent further south in the United States, and are not as common north of
1540:
1519:
192:, often from below −20 °C (−4 °F) to as high as 10–20 °C (50–68 °F) for a few hours or days, then temperatures plummet to their base levels.
157:
on the eastern sides of mountain ranges, after having lost their moisture on the western sides; however, due to expanded use of the term in the interior for any
270:
area. The effects are similar to those of an Albertan interior Chinook, though not to the same extreme, partly because the Okanagan is relatively warmer than
1343:
974:. They consist of cold airstreams from the continental air mass pouring out of the interior plateau via certain river valleys and canyons penetrating the
234:
The air associated with a coastal Chinook is stable; this minimizes wind gusts and often keeps winds light in sheltered areas. In exposed areas, fresh
563:, Alberta, a town just south of Calgary, recorded a temperature of 24 °C (75 °F); again, the next day 21 °C (70 °F) was recorded.
779:
Chinook. The three different weather conditions are all caused by the same flow of air, hence the confusion over the use of the name "Chinook wind".
1638:
893:
side of any nearby mountain range. The föhns called "Chinook winds" are seen throughout most of inland western North America, particularly the
683:
659:
1561:
1482:
1238:
1532:
901:
especially has a significant amount of föhn winds throughout much of the state during the winter months, but particularly coming off the
1648:
1180:
857:. At such times, it is possible for it to be cold at street level and much warmer at the tops of the skyscrapers and in higher terrain.
671:
795:– where constant cold maintains dormancy throughout the winter – are difficult to grow in the Alberta Chinook belt. Examples include
1617:
460:
419:
704:
697:
635:
1075:
1411:
545:
908:
On rare occasions, Chinook winds generated on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains have reached as far east as Wisconsin.
1653:
1109:
1099:
1089:
500:
tells of a girl named Chinook-Wind, who married Chinook Glacier, and moved to his country, which was in the area of today's
169:
call these winds the "snow eater"; however, the more commonly used term "Chinook" originates from the name of the eponymous
647:
84:
1450:
1442:
1658:
1027:
827:
headaches suffered by the locals. At least one study conducted by the department of clinical neurosciences at the
213:, and is the original use of the term, being rooted in the lore of coastal natives and immigrants, and brought to
254:
1523:
937:
842:
In mid-winter over major centres such as Calgary, interior Chinooks can often override cold air in the city,
1663:
930:
923:
529:
473:
291:
1136:
851:
828:
753:
743:
The dried air then descends on the leeward side of the mountains, warming at the dry adiabatic rate of
195:
Its speed is generally between 16 km/h (10mph) and 60 km/h (37.5mph), gusting to 100 km/h (62.5 mph).
990:
902:
772:
764:
20:
541:
476:, who were familiar with the Chinook people and country, brought the name east of the Cascades and
290:
The word "Chinook" remains in common use among local fishermen and people in communities along the
1529:
611:
307:
295:
756:
from forming on the lee side of the slope, allowing night-time temperatures to remain elevated.
469:
343:) as it is in the interior, east of the Cascades, but is in the original coastal pronunciation
274:, and partly because of the additional number of precipitation-catching mountain ranges between
1342:. Environment and Natural Resources. Hourly Data Report. Government of Canada. 6 January 1966.
1613:
1557:
1478:
1234:
1037:
998:
986:
953:
760:
552:, and as far south as Las Vegas, Nevada, and occasionally to Carlsbad, in eastern New Mexico.
537:
428:
387:
223:
218:
204:
178:
117:
88:
48:
1184:
1273:
1032:
949:
843:
768:
708:
618:
549:
501:
434:
393:
383:
350:
317:
210:
166:
127:
54:
1536:
1047:
1042:
994:
975:
965:
957:
894:
796:
729:
477:
497:
217:
by French-speaking fur-traders. Such winds are extremely wet and warm and arrive off the
1254:
1643:
1012:
263:
174:
170:
124:
lie immediately east of various interior mountain ranges. There the name is pronounced
1632:
1603:
1472:
1083:
916:
886:
882:
823:
Interior Chinook winds are said to sometimes cause a sharp increase in the number of
607:
603:
525:
259:
243:
228:
34:
1419:
484:
was the original pronunciation, before the word's transmission east of the Rockies.
832:
271:
121:
1162:
1022:
878:
865:
776:
721:
185:
158:
154:
113:
100:
39:
1231:
Meteorology Today : An introduction to weather, climate, and the environment
1113:
1103:
1093:
1499:
1140:
1017:
622:
598:
One of its most striking features of the interior Chinook weather system is the
588:
303:
189:
982:
961:
812:
572:
560:
533:
512:
493:
1515:
808:
804:
725:
247:
960:
in certain areas, rooted in the direction of such winds coming down out of
1205:
728:
warming of air which has dropped most of its moisture on windward slopes (
480:, along with their own ethnic pronunciation. Early records are clear that
427:. However, the common pronunciation current throughout most of the inland
95:
1578:
970:
836:
824:
792:
267:
153:('shin'+'uk'). The same warm, wet coastal winds can also become the warm
877:
In the North American western interior, winds that are generally called
221:
from the southwest. These same winds have more recently been called the
1609:
898:
890:
521:
279:
275:
214:
889:
are called "Chinooks". Regardless of the name, föhns can occur on the
752:
The turbulence of the high winds also can prevent the usual nocturnal
1233:(11th, student ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. p. 246.
870:
771:
is being hammered by snow (robbing the air of its moisture), and the
299:
161:, interior Chinooks are not necessarily originally coastal Chinooks.
1579:"The Black Hills Remarkable Temperature Change of January 22, 1943"
864:
800:
511:
227:, since they are of tropical origin, roughly from the area of the
94:
99:
Adiabatic warming of downward moving air; this produces the warm
854:
847:
235:
1255:"Sublimation – the Water Cycle, from USGS Water-Science School"
1556:. – Lincoln, Nebraska: The University of Nebraska. – p.158. –
831:
supports that belief. They are popularly believed to increase
112:
In North American western interior, the same name is used for
396:
948:
The resulting outflow wind is more or less the opposite of
689:
Chinook arch over Kelowna, BC, Canada, 2 October 2007
468:, as in French. This difference may be because it was the
449:
437:
408:
368:
356:
332:
320:
142:
130:
72:
60:
1362:
1360:
440:
399:
359:
323:
133:
63:
724:, a rain shadow wind which results from the subsequent
665:
Chinook arch in Calgary, Alberta, 19 November 2005
1477:(2nd ed.). Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink press.
1498:
Horvitz, Andrew H.; et al. (13 September 2002).
905:
in the northern and west-central areas of the state.
571:
The interior Chinooks can seem to battle with Arctic
540:, but they can and do occur annually as far north as
461:
452:
446:
420:
411:
405:
371:
365:
335:
329:
145:
139:
75:
69:
1206:"Chinook – origin and meaning of the name "Chinook""
353:
57:
1398:
Mountain Meteorology: Fundamentals and applications
981:A similar, local föhn wind regularly occurs in the
861:
Chinooks and föhn winds in the inland United States
610:, caused by air rippling over the mountains due to
520:Interior Chinooks are most prevalent over southern
443:
402:
362:
326:
136:
66:
1229:Ahrens, C. Donald; Henson, Robert (January 2015).
1516:"South Dakota Weather History and Trivia January"
1505:(Press release). American Meteorological Society.
1313:(various ed.). Lillooet, BC: self-published.
1149:Comparative vocabularies of the Indian tribes etc
1391:
1389:
508:Chinooks in Alberta and eastern British Columbia
390:, the word Chinook was predominantly pronounced
1541:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1520:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
783:Interior Chinooks and gardening on Great Plains
775:side of the Rockies in Alberta is basking in a
209:"Chinook" is used for coastal Chinook winds in
641:Chinook arch over Calgary, 6 January 2003
516:Where interior Chinooks occur most frequently.
33:, are two types of prevailing warm, generally
1183:. Telefilm Canada. 2013-10-17. Archived from
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
302:, and in particular, the term is used in the
8:
1210:Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com)
944:Squamish winds, williwaws, and Chugach föhns
788:they become vulnerable to later cold waves.
173:, who lived near the ocean, along the lower
869:The signature interior Chinook arch over a
1324:Bouchard, Randy; Kennedy, Dorothy (1977).
677:Chinook arch over Calgary, March 2007
1447:Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture
621:, also a föhn cloud, is seen in southern
1080:Siwash — Indian History of the Northwest
985:region in Alaska, as air moves over the
488:First nations myth from British Columbia
1059:
631:
1298:. New York, NY: Checkmark Books. 2000.
431:, Alberta, and the rest of Canada, is
310:. Coastal "Chinook" is not pronounced
286:Pronunciation in the Pacific Northwest
165:In the interior of North America, the
1572:
1570:
1274:"Chinook | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
763:coast is being drenched by rain, the
524:in Canada, especially in a belt from
7:
956:coastal Chinook. These are called a
653:The extreme colors of a Chinook arch
606:in the form of a band of stationary
51:coast, where the name is pronounced
1543:. – (Adobe Acrobat *.PDF document).
1374:. Daily Data Report. February 1992
1082:. pp. 156–158. Archived from
14:
1577:US Department of Commerce, NOAA.
696:
682:
670:
658:
646:
634:
433:
392:
349:
316:
126:
53:
1368:"Claresholm Waterworks Station"
1346:from the original on 2010-03-23
1328:. Victoria Sound Heritage. 6.1.
1076:"The Indian and the South Wind"
103:called a "Chinook" (pronounced
16:Warm, dry wind in North America
1639:Climate of the Rocky Mountains
1296:The Facts on File Encyclopedia
219:western coast of North America
1:
1605:The Handy Weather Answer Book
1474:The Handy Weather Answer Book
1441:Burrows, Alvin T. (c. 1901).
968:, and in Alaska are called a
791:Many plants which do well at
567:Clashing with Arctic air mass
1451:US Department of Agriculture
850:in the cold air and causing
544:in northwestern Alberta and
255:Interior of British Columbia
107:) in interior North America.
1396:Whiteman, C. David (2000).
1294:"Word and Phrase Origins".
1682:
1649:Natural history of Alberta
1554:Deadwood: The Golden Years
1400:. Oxford University Press.
1028:Southeast Australian foehn
720:The interior Chinook is a
617:A similar phenomenon, the
586:
559:On 27 February 1992,
202:
18:
1552:Parker, Watson (1981). –
1311:Short Portage to Lillooet
1602:Lyons, Walter A (1997).
1524:National Weather Service
1471:Lyons, Walter A (1997).
1340:"Pincher Creek, Alberta"
1272:L. C. Nkemdirim (2006).
938:Rapid City, South Dakota
587:Not to be confused with
199:In the Pacific Northwest
1167:Encyclopædia Britannica
1145:original pronunciation"
1074:Costello, J.A. (1909).
931:Spearfish, South Dakota
924:Spearfish, South Dakota
386:and other parts of the
116:, generally, where the
874:
759:Quite often, when the
517:
292:British Columbia Coast
181:of the North America.
108:
1654:Western United States
1612:: Visible Ink press.
1412:"Chinooks and health"
868:
829:University of Calgary
754:temperature inversion
515:
492:Native legend of the
98:
85:temperate rainforests
991:Prince William Sound
903:Rocky Mountain Front
741:(3.5 °F / 1000 ft).
474:Hudson's Bay Company
21:Chinook Winds Casino
19:For the casino, see
1443:"The Chinook Winds"
1422:on 27 November 2020
978:towards the coast.
748:(5.5 °F / 1000 ft).
716:Cause of occurrence
253:The effects on the
87:and climate of the
1535:2008-05-28 at the
1530:"Weather Extremes"
1372:Environment Canada
1181:"Snow Eater (The)"
875:
765:windward (western)
612:orographic lifting
518:
109:
1659:Climate of Canada
1562:978-0-8032-8702-0
1484:978-0-7876-1034-0
1240:978-1-305-11358-9
1038:Pineapple express
987:Chugach Mountains
954:Pacific Northwest
773:leeward (eastern)
761:Pacific Northwest
472:employees of the
429:Pacific Northwest
388:Pacific Northwest
224:pineapple express
205:Pineapple Express
179:Pacific Northwest
118:Canadian Prairies
89:Pacific Northwest
49:Pacific Northwest
1671:
1624:
1623:
1608:(2nd ed.).
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1574:
1565:
1550:
1544:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1418:. Archived from
1408:
1402:
1401:
1393:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1326:Lillooet Stories
1321:
1315:
1314:
1309:Edwards, Irene.
1306:
1300:
1299:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1133:
1118:
1117:
1112:. Archived from
1107:
1102:. Archived from
1097:
1092:. Archived from
1087:
1071:
950:British Columbia
749:
746:
742:
739:
709:southern Alberta
707:Chinook arch in
700:
686:
674:
662:
650:
638:
550:British Columbia
548:in northeastern
502:Birkenhead River
496:subgroup of the
465:
459:
458:
455:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
424:
418:
417:
414:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
384:British Columbia
378:
377:
374:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
342:
341:
338:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
211:British Columbia
167:Blackfoot people
152:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
82:
81:
78:
77:
74:
71:
68:
65:
62:
59:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1587:
1585:
1583:www.weather.gov
1576:
1575:
1568:
1551:
1547:
1537:Wayback Machine
1528:—Appendix I: –
1527:
1514:
1510:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1377:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1358:
1349:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1190:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1135:
1134:
1121:
1108:
1098:
1088:
1073:
1072:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1048:Sundowner winds
1043:Santa Ana winds
1008:
995:Portage Glacier
976:Coast Mountains
966:Squamish people
946:
914:
863:
821:
811:varieties, and
785:
747:
744:
740:
737:
730:orographic lift
718:
713:
712:
711:
706:
701:
690:
687:
678:
675:
666:
663:
654:
651:
642:
639:
592:
585:
569:
510:
490:
463:
436:
432:
422:
395:
391:
352:
348:
319:
315:
288:
246:, sometimes to
207:
201:
129:
125:
56:
52:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1594:
1566:
1545:
1508:
1490:
1483:
1463:
1433:
1403:
1385:
1356:
1331:
1316:
1301:
1286:
1264:
1259:water.usgs.gov
1246:
1239:
1221:
1197:
1172:
1163:"Chinook wind"
1154:
1119:
1116:on 2008-05-30.
1106:on 2008-05-30,
1096:on 2008-05-30,
1086:on 2007-10-28:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1013:Catabatic wind
1009:
1007:
1004:
964:, home to the
945:
942:
913:
910:
895:Rocky Mountain
887:climatologists
883:meteorologists
873:suburb in 2006
862:
859:
820:
817:
784:
781:
745:10 °C / 1000 m
717:
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695:
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688:
681:
679:
676:
669:
667:
664:
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645:
643:
640:
633:
629:the sun sets.
608:stratus clouds
584:
581:
568:
565:
530:Crowsnest Pass
509:
506:
489:
486:
294:, and coastal
287:
284:
264:Thompson River
203:Main article:
200:
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175:Columbia River
171:Chinook people
163:
162:
93:
92:
35:westerly winds
15:
13:
10:
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1416:Migraines.org
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1187:on 2013-10-17
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1033:Nor'west arch
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918:
917:Loma, Montana
911:
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872:
867:
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837:sleeplessness
834:
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826:
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798:
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738:5 °C / 1000 m
733:
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685:
680:
673:
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619:Nor'west arch
615:
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582:
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566:
564:
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557:
553:
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546:Fort St. John
543:
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531:
527:
526:Pincher Creek
523:
514:
507:
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457:
430:
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389:
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346:
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313:
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297:
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281:
277:
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269:
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261:
260:Fraser Canyon
256:
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231:near Hawaii.
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50:
46:
45:
44:
41:
36:
32:
28:
27:Chinook winds
22:
1604:
1597:
1586:. Retrieved
1582:
1553:
1548:
1511:
1493:
1473:
1466:
1454:. Retrieved
1446:
1436:
1424:. Retrieved
1420:the original
1415:
1406:
1397:
1376:. Retrieved
1371:
1348:. Retrieved
1334:
1325:
1319:
1310:
1304:
1295:
1289:
1277:. Retrieved
1267:
1258:
1249:
1230:
1224:
1213:. Retrieved
1209:
1200:
1189:. Retrieved
1185:the original
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1142:
1141:"Example of
1137:Tolmie, W.F.
1114:the original
1104:the original
1094:the original
1084:the original
1079:
980:
969:
947:
936:
929:
922:
915:
907:
876:
841:
833:irritability
822:
790:
786:
767:side of the
758:
751:
734:
719:
627:
616:
600:Chinook arch
599:
597:
593:
583:Chinook arch
577:
570:
558:
554:
519:
491:
481:
381:
344:
311:
289:
272:the Prairies
252:
241:
233:
222:
208:
194:
183:
164:
122:Great Plains
104:
30:
29:, or simply
26:
25:
1664:Föhn effect
1018:Diablo wind
813:Amur maples
623:New Zealand
589:Shelf cloud
304:Puget Sound
244:powder snow
190:temperature
1633:Categories
1588:2024-03-03
1456:6 February
1426:2 February
1350:2021-09-30
1279:August 17,
1215:2019-05-14
1191:2019-05-14
1055:References
983:Cook Inlet
962:Howe Sound
879:föhn winds
848:pollutants
604:föhn cloud
575:at times.
573:air masses
561:Claresholm
542:High Level
534:Lethbridge
308:Washington
296:Washington
155:föhn winds
114:föhn winds
47:Along the
40:föhn winds
1023:Föhn wind
999:Anchorage
852:inversion
809:juneberry
805:raspberry
726:adiabatic
722:föhn wind
498:St'at'imc
248:sea level
186:föhn wind
184:A strong
159:föhn wind
101:föhn wind
1533:Archived
1378:28 April
1344:Archived
1143:tshinook
1139:(1884).
1110:"p. 158"
1100:"p. 157"
1090:"p. 156"
1006:See also
989:between
971:williwaw
958:squamish
897:region.
844:trapping
825:migraine
797:basswood
793:Winnipeg
538:Red Deer
532:through
482:tshinook
306:area of
268:Okanagan
262:and the
31:Chinooks
1610:Detroit
1169:. 2006.
912:Records
899:Montana
891:leeward
799:, some
769:Rockies
522:Alberta
494:Lil'wat
478:Rockies
345:chin-uk
312:shin-uk
280:Calgary
276:Kelowna
229:Pacific
215:Alberta
105:shin‑uk
1616:
1560:
1481:
1237:
871:Denver
819:Health
807:, and
300:Oregon
1644:Winds
1503:(PDF)
801:apple
470:Métis
236:gales
1614:ISBN
1558:ISBN
1539:. –
1518:. –
1479:ISBN
1458:2016
1428:2008
1380:2016
1281:2024
1235:ISBN
993:and
885:and
855:smog
846:the
835:and
777:föhn
602:, a
528:and
464:NUUK
462:shi-
423:NUUK
421:chi-
298:and
278:and
120:and
1522:'s
881:by
382:In
379:).
1635::
1581:.
1569:^
1449:.
1445:.
1414:.
1388:^
1370:.
1359:^
1257:.
1208:.
1165:.
1147:.
1122:^
1078:.
1062:^
997:.
952:/
839:.
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625:.
397:tʃ
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591:.
456:/
453:k
450:ʊ
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336:k
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330:n
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324:ɪ
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314:(
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146:k
143:ʊ
140:n
137:ˈ
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79:/
76:k
73:ʊ
70:n
67:ˈ
64:ɪ
61:ʃ
58:t
55:/
23:.
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