Yakuza - Knowledge (XXG)

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anti-yakuza laws prohibited the yakuza from making unreasonable demands on businesses and citizens, these ordinances prohibited businesses and citizens from offering benefits to the yakuza. This made it increasingly difficult for the yakuza to raise funds, as fewer businesses and citizens succumbed to the yakuza's threats and offered benefits to the yakuza, such as contracting work or paying money to the yakuza. According to the media, encouraged by tougher anti-yakuza laws and yakuza exclusion ordinances, local governments and construction companies have begun to shun or ban yakuza activities or involvement in their communities or construction projects.

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Operation Summit in 1975. These series of police crackdowns led to a decline in the number of yakuza organizations and members, from 2957 organizations with 123,044 members in 1972 to 2517 organizations with 106,754 members in 1979. As a result, small yakuza organizations were forced to dissolve, and the total number of members decreased, but some members transferred to large yakuza organizations, so the number of members of large organizations actually increased during this period. The three major organizations, Yamaguchi-gumi, Sumiyoshi-kai, and Inagawa-kai, expanded during this period. During this period, Japan was in a recession following the

469: 1541: 684: 477: 1691: 2869:(2008). Tomoharu Ueda, a police officer in a small local post, meets Aki Gotôda, son of the leader of a yakuza clan, in pursuit of an underwear thief. The next morning, Aki shows up at his house to thank him for his help and finds himself making a declaration of love for him. Taken aback, Ueda replies that it is better that they get to know each other, but that's without counting Aki's stubbornness, ready to do anything to achieve his ends. 633: 1131:, or the cutting off of one's finger, is a form of penance or apology. Upon a first offence, the transgressor must cut off the tip of his left little finger and give the severed portion to his boss. Sometimes an underboss may do this in penance to the oyabun if he wants to spare a member of his own gang from further retaliation. This practice has started to wane amongst the younger members, due to it being an easy identifier for police. 2548:. Despite their pariah status, some of their actions may be perceived to have positive effects on society. For example, they stop other criminal organizations from acting in their areas of operation. They have been known to provide relief in times of disaster. These actions have at times painted yakuza in a fairly positive light within Japan. The yakuza also attract membership from traditionally scorned minority groups, such as the 2567: 2842:(2001), drama (2002). A young gang leader, who seems to be too stupid to do his job, misses a big deal because he cannot count correctly, and on the other hand, is practically illiterate. In order to access the succession of the clan, his father then forces him to return to high school, to obtain his diploma. He must not reveal his membership in the yakuza, under penalty of being immediately excluded. 2363: 52: 1514: 2465: 2322: 3205: 2759:. The yakuza derive most of their income from a casino, Kenji's, and are currently fighting to keep other gangs from peddling drugs in their territory while seeking to protect their activities from police interference. Towards the end of the third act, the player assassinates the leader of the clan, and the other members are later executed by Colombian gangsters. In 1476: 2212:

Companies can now also refuse to open bank accounts, sign mobile phone contracts, credit card contracts, lease real estate, or process various loans for people identified as yakuza under the anti-yakuza laws, making it more difficult for yakuza to live in society. Even companies that provide lifelines have become tough on the yakuza, with

2140:, passed in 1991 and enacted in 1992, was a landmark piece of legislation that cracked down on the yakuza. The law prohibited 27 acts by yakuza, including demanding hush money or donations, collecting debts and conducting land grabbing activities in an unjustified manner. The law also made it illegal to demand and collect so-called 1574:, which mainly targets the elderly to cheat them out of large amounts of money. Their methods include calling the homes of elderly people to beg for money by pretending to be the elderly person's son, or visiting the homes of elderly people posing as employees of financial institutions to swindle them out of their money. In 2014, 2830:(2004). The heiress of a clan becomes a teacher in a difficult high school and is assigned a class of delinquents, the 3-D. She will teach them mathematics, while gradually getting involved in several other levels, going so far as to get her students out of a bad situation by sometimes using her skills as heir to the clan. 2159:, and could arrest offenders who still refused to comply. Until then, the yakuza had charged bouncer fees to restaurants and bars in their territory, especially those open at night, and made various threats, such as ramming dump trucks into businesses that refused, and business owners, fearing reprisals, had paid 2303:

On top of the already staggering anti-yakuza legislation, Japan's younger generation may be less inclined to gang-related activity, as modern society has made it easier especially for young men to gain even semi-legitimate jobs such as ownership in bars and massage parlors and pornography that can be

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terminating contracts if a contractor is discovered to be a yakuza. To prevent yakuza from nominally leaving the organization and signing contracts with companies, these ordinances allow companies to treat a person as a yakuza for five years even if he or she has nominally left the yakuza and become

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has since been incarcerated and forced to pay upwards of 85 million yen in damages of several crimes committed by his gangsters, leading to the yakuza's dismissal of around 2,000 members per year; albeit, some analysts claim that these dismissals are part of the yakuza's collective attempt to regain

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in response to public demands for the yakuza to be banished from society. As a result, crime declined and the number of arrested yakuza fell from about 59,000 in 1964 to 38,000 in 1967. The number of yakuza organizations and members also declined, from 5,216 organizations and 184,091 members in 1963

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if their members take advantage of the gang's influence to do business, are structured to have one leader, and have a large portion of their members hold criminal records. After the Act on Prevention of Unjust Acts by Organized Crime Group Members was enacted, many yakuza syndicates made efforts to

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cards with each other, they often remove their shirts or open them up and drape them around their waists. This enables them to display their full-body tattoos to each other. This is one of the few times that yakuza display their tattoos to others, as they normally keep them concealed in public with

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Citizens who take a stronger stance seem to also have taken action that does not lead to violent reactions from the yakuza. In Kyushu, although store owners initially were attacked by gang members, the region has reached stability after local business owners banned known yakuza and posted warnings

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under the employer liability clause on August 24, 2021. Nomura was involved in one murder and assaults of three people. The presiding judge Adachi Ben of the Fukuoka District Court characterized the murders as extremely vicious attacks. On March 12, 2024, the Fukuoka High Court overturned Nomura's

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enacted by each of Japan's 47 prefectures between 2009 and 2011 also contributed significantly to the decline of the yakuza. Ordinances were enacted in Osaka and Tokyo in 2010 and 2011 to try to combat yakuza influence by making it illegal for any business to do business with the yakuza. While the

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From around 1970, yakuza leaders and executives who had been imprisoned began to be released from prison, and yakuza organizations that had been disbanded during the First Operation Summit were revived and reorganized, leading the police to conduct the Second Operation Summit in 1970 and the Third

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and Vietnamese gangs. The yakuza identified these gangs as useful partners due to the constant stream of Vietnamese cafe shoot-outs and home invasion burglaries throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. In New York City, they appear to collect finder's fees from Russian, Irish and Italian gang members

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into the country and smuggling firearms back to Japan. They easily fit into the local population, since many tourists from Japan and other Asian countries visit the islands on a regular basis, and there is a large population of residents who are of full or partial Japanese descent. They also work

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identified in 2019 exceeded 30 billion yen, and while yakuza accounted for just over 10 percent of the lowest level members of criminal groups, such as cash receivers who play the role of financial institution employees, yakuza accounted for nearly 40 percent of the main perpetrators leading fraud

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As of 2023, Under the Act on Prevention of Unjust Acts by Organized Crime Group Members, the Prefectural Public Safety Commissions have registered 25 syndicates as the designated yakuza groups. Three of these organizations have more than 1,000 regular members, eight have more than 100, and 14 have

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The yakuza still regularly engage in an array of criminal activities, and many Japanese citizens remain fearful of the threat these individuals pose to their safety. There remains no strict prohibition on yakuza membership in Japan today, although many pieces of legislation have been passed by the

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in Japan that discourage the growth of yakuza membership. In 1991 it had 63,800 members and 27,200 quasi-members, but by 2023 it had only 10,400 members and 10,000 quasi-members. The yakuza are aging because young people do not readily join, and their average age at the end of 2022 was 54.2 years:

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According to a 2006 speech by Mitsuhiro Suganuma, a former officer of the Public Security Intelligence Agency, around 60 percent of yakuza members come from burakumin, the descendants of a feudal outcast class and approximately 30 percent of them are Japanese-born Koreans, and only 10 percent are

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Around 60% of yakuza members come from burakumin, the descendants of a feudal outcast class, according to a 2006 speech by Mitsuhiro Suganuma, a former officer of the Public Security Intelligence Agency. He also said that approximately 30% of them are Japanese-born Koreans, and only 10% are from

444:, a game in which the goal is to draw three cards adding up to a score of 9. If the sum of the cards is 10 or more, the second digit is the score. So a sum of 13 is a score of 3, a sum of 14 is a score of 4, etc. A sum of 10 or 20 is a score of 0. If the three cards drawn are 8-9-3 (pronounced 2211:

In addition, these ordinances have made it difficult for yakuza members to lead normal civilian lives. The ordinances also require businesses and citizens to refuse to rent meeting rooms or parking spaces to the yakuza, or to print business cards with the name of yakuza organizations on them.

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The Sumiyoshi-kai is the second-largest yakuza family, with an estimated 2,200 members and 1,300 quasi-members as of 2023. Sumiyoshi-kai is a confederation of smaller yakuza groups. Its current head (会長 kai-cho) is Shūji Ogawa. Structurally, Sumiyoshi-kai differs from its principal rival, the

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outside of Japan, launched in 2005, portrays the actions of several different ranking members of the yakuza, as well as criminal associates such as dirty cops and loan sharks. The series addresses some of the same themes as the yakuza genre of film does, like violence, honor, politics of the

2814:(1983–1984). The story focuses on Kōsaku Sakamoto, a high school student who goes to live with yakuza boss Ibari Ōzora and his four children—Tsugumi, Tsubame, Hibari and Suzume—after the death of his mother. Kōsaku is shocked to learn that Hibari, who looks and behaves as a girl, is male. 1375:

Kobe Yamaguchi-gumi split off from Yamaguchi-gumi in August 2015, Kizuna-kai split off from Kobe Yamaguchi-gumi in April 2017, and Ikeda-gumi split off from Kobe Yamaguchi-gumi in July 2020. These Yamaguchi-gumi and the three organizations that split from them are fighting each other.

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Because of the economic situation during the mid-Edo period and the predominance of the merchant class, developing yakuza groups were composed of misfits and delinquents who had joined or formed the groups to extort customers in local markets by selling fake or shoddy goods.

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period in Japan, the more traditional tekiya/bakuto form of organization declined as the entire population was mobilised to participate in the war effort and society came under the control of the strict military government. However, after the war, the Yakuza adapted again.

1660:. Instead of harassing small businesses, the Yakuza harass a stockholders' meeting of a larger corporation. Yakuza operatives obtain the right to attend by making a small purchase of stock, and then at the meeting physically intimidate other stockholders. The number of 1749:

yakuza group, who are based in the area, mobilized to provide disaster relief services (including the use of a helicopter). Media reports contrasted this rapid response with the much slower pace at which the Japanese government's official relief efforts took place.

1138:. The bottom three fingers of each hand are used to grip the sword tightly, with the thumb and index fingers slightly loose. The removal of digits starting with the little finger and moving up the hand to the index finger progressively weakens a person's sword grip. 2854:

genre (2011–?). Yashiro, a totally depraved masochist, boss of a yakuza clan and the Shinsei finance company, hires Chikara Dômeki, a secretive and not very talkative man, as his bodyguard. While Yashiro would like to take advantage of Dômeki's body, the latter is

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The total number of yakuza members and quasi-members peaked at 184,100 in 1963, and then continued to decline due to police crackdowns. The number of regular members decreased with the implementation of the Act on Prevention of Unjust Acts by Organized Crime Group

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With the addition of the employer liability clause in the 2008 amendment to the Anti-yakuza law, there have been a number of situations in which yakuza bosses have been held liable for crimes committed by members of the yakuza. For example, in a civil case, the

2906:(1990): Hôjô and Asami, childhood friends, have only one goal: to give the Japanese back a taste of life, and to shake up the country. For this, they decide to climb the ladder of power, one in the light, as a politician, the other in the shadows, as yakuza. 2594:

of movies within Japan's film industry, the portrayal of the yakuza mainly manifests in one of two archetypes; they are portrayed as either honorable and respectable men or as criminals who use fear and violence as their means of operation. Movies like

2552:. However, gang wars and the use of violence as a tool have caused their approval to fall with the general public. According to Jake Adelstein, one study found that 1 in 10 adults under the age of 40 believed that the yakuza should be allowed to exist. 1156:

in Japan, are still often "hand-poked", that is, the ink is inserted beneath the skin using non-electrical, hand-made, and handheld tools with needles of sharpened bamboo or steel. The procedure is expensive and painful, and can take years to complete.

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a better reputation amongst the populace. Regardless, the yakuza's culture, too, has shifted towards a more secretive and far less public approach to crime, as many of their traditions have been reduced or erased to avoid being identified as yakuza.

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Prospective yakuza come from all walks of life. The most romantic tales tell how yakuza accept sons who have been abandoned or exiled by their parents. Many yakuza start out in junior high school or high school as common street thugs or members of

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The Inagawa-kai is the third-largest yakuza family in Japan, with roughly 1,700 members and 1,200 quasi-members as of 2023. It is based in the Tokyo-Yokohama area and was one of the first yakuza families to expand its operations outside of Japan.

583:(gamblers) had a much lower social standing even than traders, as gambling was illegal. Many small gambling houses cropped up in abandoned temples or shrines at the edges of towns and villages all over Japan. Most of these gambling houses ran 2120:, and it became difficult for the yakuza to acquire sufficient financial resources through traditional methods alone, so it was inevitable that they would consolidate into large yakuza organizations with diverse or legal sources of funding. 2274:

committed by members of Sumiyoshi-kai under the employer liability article of the Anti-yakuza law in 2021. As a result, Sumiyoshi-kai paid 652 million yen to the victims, 35 million yen more than the amount of damages. In criminal cases,

609:(1820–1893) is Japan's most famous yakuza and folk hero. He was born Chogoro Yamamoto, but changed his name when he was adopted, a common Japanese practice. His life and exploits were featured in sixteen films between 1911 and 1940. 1304:, to death for murder and attempted murder. This was the first death sentence handed down to a designated yakuza head. Kudo-kai is the only one of the designated yakuza to be designated as a especially dangerous designated yakuza 2167:

and the yakuza's financial resources were lost. In 1991, the yakuza had 63,800 members, but by 1992, when the new law took effect, the number had dropped sharply to about 56,600, then to about 48,000 in 1994 and 43,100 in 2001.

2914:(1999): Tatsumi Karasawa is the owner of a club in Tokyo who plans to expand his business. He gives a hard time not only to the police but also to the yakuza, of which he manages, however, to rally a certain number at his side. 3522:

The name refers to an unlucky hand at cards—yakuza means "eight-nine-three"—and bluffing has always been part of the image. Many gangsters are Korean-Japanese or members of other minority groups that traditionally have been

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Yakuza groups also have a presence in North Korea; in 2009, yakuza Yoshiaki Sawada was released from a North Korean prison after spending five years there attempting to bribe a North Korean official and smuggle drugs.

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among the designated yakuza. These six organizations have a total of 7,700 members and 6,800 quasi-members, for a total of 14,500 members, or 71.1 percent of the total 20,400 yakuza members and quasi-members in Japan.

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The number of yakuza members and quasi-members fell by about 70 percent in the 30 years between 1990, before the anti-yakuza law, and 2020, after the anti-yakuza laws and the yakuza exclusion ordinances took effect.

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during the Edo period. As they began to form organizations of their own, they took over some administrative duties relating to commerce, such as stall allocation and protection of their commercial activities. During

6512: 620:. Although the modern Yakuza has diversified, some gangs still identify with one group or the other; for example, a gang whose primary source of income is illegal gambling may refer to themselves as 2922:(2014): Nisekoi follows high school students Raku Ichijo, the son of a leader in the yakuza faction Shuei-gumi, and Chitoge Kirisaki, the daughter of a boss in a rival gang known as Muchi-Konkai. 2056:

Japanese-born people of Korean ancestry who retain South Korean nationality are considered resident aliens and are embraced by the yakuza precisely because they fit the group's "outsider" image.

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features a mission set in Japan that sees Agent 47 assassinating the son of a wealthy arms dealer during his dinner meeting with a yakuza boss at his private estate. A mission in the 2016 game,

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5.4% in their 20s, 12.9% in their 30s, 26.3% in their 40s, 30.8% in their 50s, 12.5% in their 60s, and 11.6% in their 70s or older, with more than half of the members in their 50s or older.

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Additional regulations can be found in a 2008 anti-yakuza amendment which allows prosecutors to place the blame on any yakuza-related crime on crime bosses. Specifically, the leader of the

413:. In 1963, the number of yakuza members and quasi-members reached a peak of 184,100. However, this number has drastically dropped, a decline attributed to changing market opportunities and 6061: 1627:

Yakuza trick girls from impoverished villages into coming to Japan by promising them respectable jobs with good wages. Instead, they are forced into becoming sex workers and strippers.

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on 11 March 2011, the yakuza sent hundreds of trucks filled with food, water, blankets, and sanitary accessories to aid the people in the affected areas of the natural disaster.

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Yakuza organizations also face pressure from the US government; in 2011, a federal executive order required financial institutions to freeze yakuza assets, and as of 2013, the

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gangs. Perhaps because of its lower socio-economic status, numerous yakuza members come from burakumin and ethnic Korean backgrounds. Low-ranking youth may be referred to as

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The presence of individuals affiliated with the yakuza in the United States has increased tremendously since the 1960s, and although much of their activity is concentrated in

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The Yamaguchi-gumi is the largest yakuza family, accounting for 30% of all yakuza in Japan, with 3,500 members and 3,800 quasi-members as of 2023. From its headquarters in

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Sawada, Yasuyuki; Shimizutani, Satoshi (March 2008). "How Do People Cope with Natural Disasters? Evidence from the Great Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake in 1995".

7126: 7051: 1679:. Jiageya specializes in inducing holders of small real estate to sell their property so that estate companies can carry out much larger development plans. The 985:, they are generally older and have higher nominal positions but relatively little real authority. In the Yamaguchi-gumi pecking order as of 2024, the order is 4892:

The First European Description of Japan, 1585: A Critical English-Language Edition of Striking Contrasts in the Customs of Europe and Japan by Luis Frois, S.J.

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to 3,500 organizations and 139,089 members in 1969. As a result, 1963, the year before the First Operation Summit was launched, was the peak of yakuza power.

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from downtown restaurants and bars, which were the yakuza's main source of funding. Police could issue two cease-and-desist orders to offenders who demanded

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portray some of the members as violent criminals, with the focus being on the violence, while other movies focus more on the "business" side of the yakuza.

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businesses for clients, and they usually maintained their own security personnel. Society at large regarded the gambling houses themselves, as well as the

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of the 1980s is often blamed on real estate speculation by banking subsidiaries. After the collapse of the property bubble, a manager of a major bank in

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is made up of five or six layered organizations. In other words, the heads of subsidiary organizations are often executives of the parent organizations.

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are also Koreans. The Korean significance had been an untouchable taboo in Japan and one of the reasons that the Japanese version of Kaplan and Dubro's

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make up only 0.5% of the Japanese population, they are a prominent part of yakuza because they suffer discrimination in Japanese society along with the

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long-sleeved and high-necked shirts. When new members join, they are often required to remove their trousers as well and reveal any lower body tattoos.

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Despite uncertainty about the single origin of yakuza organizations, most modern yakuza derive from two social classifications which emerged in the mid-

1110: 1077:. The yakuza is populated almost entirely by men and the very few women who are acknowledged are the wives of bosses, who are referred to by the title 6666: 6651: 2597: 1761:

said that although the yakuza operates through extortion and other violent methods, they " swiftly and quietly to provide aid to those most in need."

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since the 1960s; they are working there to develop sex tourism and drug trafficking. This is the area where they are still the most active today.

5450: 1606:, are heavily involved in it. The most common charge for yakuza and their associates arrested in 2014 was violation of the Stimulants Control Act 1141:

The idea is that a person with a weak sword grip then has to rely more on the group for protection—reducing individual action. In recent years,

7091: 6791: 6779: 2768: 2681: 7086: 5951: 5004: 4976: 4900: 4873: 4786: 4592: 3617: 3556: 1754: 530:, these peddlers opened stalls and some members were hired to act as security. Each peddler paid rent in exchange for a stall assignment and 4559: 4521: 3263: 5944: 2885:(2021). A taxi driver becomes entangled in the rivalry of competing kobun and uses his position to undermine the local yakuza organization. 2616:, a satirical view of yakuza activities, resulted in retaliation against the director, as real-life yakuza gangsters attacked the director 1460:, also known as Kenichi Shinoda, is the Yamaguchi-gumi's current oyabun. He follows an expansionist policy and has increased operations in 4340: 5148: 3911: 3701:

Baradel, Martina (2 January 2021). "Yakuza Grey: The Shrinking of the Il/legal Nexus and its Repercussions on Japanese Organised Crime".

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have hastened a decline in yakuza membership. The number of yakuza members and quasi-members fell from 78,600 in 2010 to 25,900 in 2020.

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in the United States, in return for information of Yamaguchi-gumi operations in the US. This was done without prior consultation of the

6034: 5629: 5379: 4404: 7061: 5722: 5116: 5084: 4372: 3642: 1616:, which prohibits the import, export, sale, transfer, possession, and use of methamphetamine, accounting for 26.5 percent of arrests. 6462: 5656:"Reposted: The high price of writing about anti-social forces – and those who pay. 猪狩先生を弔う日々 : Japan Subculture Research Center" 5397: 5241: 5933: 5925: 5917: 5909: 5901: 5893: 5885: 5877: 5869: 5854: 5839: 5815: 5800: 5782: 5767: 5752: 5737: 3685: 2526: 2508: 2446: 2349: 2475: 2220:

Since 2011, regulations outlawing business with yakuza members, government-ordered audits of yakuza finances, and the enactment of

1470:, the "Godfather of all Godfathers", who was responsible for the syndicate's massive growth and success during the 20th century. 4225: 2691:, which features a character whose life is put in danger after he comes under suspicion for a murder tied to the yakuza. The 2022 448:

in archaic Japanese), the sum is 20 and therefore the score is zero, making one of the worst possible hands that can be drawn. In

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in all 47 prefectures around 2010. Between 1990 and 2020, the total number of members and quasi-members decreased by 70 percent.

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was developed where loyalty and respect are a way of life. The oyabun-kobun relationship is formalized by ceremonial sharing of

7121: 7116: 5655: 2631: 468: 3451: 6882: 6426: 5503:"Citizens battle Kudo-kai yakuza gang to take back their streets | The Asahi Shimbun: Breaking News, Japan News and Analysis" 5045: 4529: 4481: 4186: 3658: 3572: 3271: 2384: 2096:

Between 1964 and 1965, the Japanese police carried out mass arrests of yakuza leaders and executives in what they called the

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The National Police Agency reported that Japanese yakuza organizations had 10,400 members and 10,000 quasi-members in 2023.

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accounted for 10.4 percent of all yakuza arrests, surpassing theft for the first time at 10.2 percent, and 34.6 percent of

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and Hirofumi Hashimoto (1947–) the founder of the Kyokushinrengo-kai (affiliated with Yamaguchi-gumi, dissolved in 2019).

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was assassinated, prompting much speculation about the banking industry's indirect connection to the Japanese underworld.

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manufactured in the US account for a large share (33%) of handguns seized in Japan, followed by handguns manufactured in

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syndicates, and the social status of the yakuza in Japan. The series has been successful, spawning sequels, spin-offs,

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During the formation of the yakuza, they adopted the traditional Japanese hierarchical structure of oyabun-kobun where

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Large yakuza organizations have a multi-layered structure, with executives and members running their own organizations.

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from a single cup. This ritual is not exclusive to the yakuza – it is also commonly performed in traditional Japanese

683: 4651: 2490: 2427: 3301: 1456:, it directs criminal activities throughout Japan. It is also involved in operations in Asia and the United States. 4455: 2846: 2399: 1620: 1197:

in 1992, and the total number of members and quasi-members began to decline rapidly with the implementation of the

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more profitable than gang affiliation all while protecting themselves by abiding by the strict anti-yakuza laws.

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Although positions in yakuza organizations vary from clan to clan, the three most important yakuza positions are

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area was considered by some scholars and political watchers as one of the first renowned modern yakuza. Recently

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was arrested in late 2010. In December 2010, police arrested Yamaguchi-gumi's alleged number three leader,

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is a group that Japanese society socially discriminates against, and its recorded history goes back to the

1094:) died in the early 1980s, his wife (Fumiko) took over as boss of Yamaguchi-gumi, albeit for a short time. 6904: 6759: 6615: 6227: 4757: 4507: 3798: 2696: 2667: 2643: 1969: 1778: 549:(gang members) at the bottom. This hierarchy resembles a structure similar to the family – in traditional 5681: 662:

and Kunio Inoue, the bosses of the two most powerful clans in the Yamaguchi-gumi, originate from Kyushu.

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Joy, Alicia. "A Brief History of the Yakuza Organization". Culture Trip. Last modified 31 October 2016.

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death sentence and downgraded it to life imprisonment. The High Court found him not guilty of murder.

1805:. The yakuza are said to use Hawaii as a midway station between Japan and mainland America, smuggling 1028:(senior-junior) model. Members of yakuza cut their real family ties and transfer their loyalty to the 732:

The structure of yakuza organizations is characterized by a multi-layered hierarchical structure. The

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has knowledge of more than 50 listed companies with ties to organized crime, and in March 2008, the

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In recent years, the three major yakuza syndicates have formed a loose alliance, and in April 2023,

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Raz, Jacob. "Insider Outsider: The Way of the Yakuza." Kyoto Journal. Last modified 17 April 2011.

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had frozen about US$ 55,000 of yakuza holdings, including two Japan-issued American Express cards.

2117: 1858: 1333: 613: 423: 410: 6457: 5965: 4568: 1818:

and businessmen for guiding Japanese tourists to gambling establishments, both legal and illegal.

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East Asian Intelligence and Organised Crime. China – Japan – North Korea – South Korea – Mongolia

4534: 4210: 4088: 3434: 3276: 2802: 2729: 2180: 2049:(1986) had not been published until 1991 with the deletion of Korean-related descriptions of the 1698:

where they often ride the shrine through the streets proudly showing off their elaborate tattoos.

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A yakuza with a dragon tattoo is running to help his comrade, who is fighting against the police.

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Siniawer, E. M. (1 March 2012). "Befitting Bedfellows: Yakuza and the State in Modern Japan".

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suspects that the yakuza were using various operations to launder money in the US as of 2008.

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Varied, including illegitimate businesses, an array of criminal and non-criminal activities.

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Yakuza films have also been popular in the Western market with films such as the 1975 film

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has the largest number of designated yakuza groups among all of the prefectures, at 5; the

632: 7046: 6784: 6521: 6479: 6232: 6110: 6070: 5788: 5405: 5251: 4764: 4233: 4205: 4181: 3579: 3573:

https://theculturetrip.com/asia/japan/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-yakuza-organization/

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The yakuza have been in media and culture in many different fashions. Creating its own

2571: 2172: 2037: 2000: 1989: 1985: 1933: 1881: 1746: 1595: 1502: 1438: 1388: 1345: 1329: 759: 651: 406: 177: 4175:"Police of Japan 2011, Criminal Investigation : 2. Fight Against Organized Crime" 3889: 3534: 2566: 7040: 6956: 6929: 6914: 6845: 6774: 6541: 6416: 6411: 6320: 6315: 6179: 5352: 5292: 5049: 4682: 3595: 3438: 3162: 2716: 2576: 2276: 2254: 2042: 1846: 1802: 1695: 1486: 1400: 1349: 1297: 561:

as surrogate children. During the Edo period, the government formally recognized the

499: 182: 2420: 2183:, Japanese police began to crack down on the gangs. Yamaguchi-gumi's number two and 6944: 6823: 6807: 6712: 6689: 6374: 4311: 3977: 3209: 2910: 2712: 2192: 1961: 1773:, they have made their presence known in other parts of the country, especially in 1675:

Yakuza also had ties to the Japanese real estate market and banking sector through

1282: 1098: 4485: 3714: 3662: 3064:

ritual sharing of sake to form a binding relationship; rooted in Shinto tradition

2851: 1590:

The yakuza and its affiliated gangs control drug trafficking in Japan, especially

6039: 6029: 5322: 4508:"The Yakuza, the Japanese Mafia – The Crime Library – Crime Library on truTV.com" 4254:"Criminalizing Yakuza Membership: A Comparative Study of the Anti-Boryokudan Law" 4198: 3829: 2701:

explores the dealings of the yakuza from the perspective of an American reporter

1813:

In California, the yakuza have made alliances with local Korean gangs as well as

6971: 6939: 6870: 6860: 6752: 6722: 6717: 6242: 6100: 6090: 5297: 5278: 5218: 4114: 3773:"Fukuoka to offer financial help for gangsters trying to leave crime syndicates" 3491: 3430: 2591: 2582: 2561: 2362: 2341: 2080: 2076: 2023: 1977: 1900: 1892: 1836: 1829: 1810:

with local gangs, funneling Japanese tourists to gambling parlors and brothels.

1774: 1707: 1624: 1521: 1467: 1431: 1416: 1353: 1091: 758:

and run their own subsidiary organizations. A large yakuza organization such as

187: 1020:. In this respect, the organization is a variation of the traditional Japanese 6865: 6838: 6635: 6546: 6536: 6451: 6445: 6237: 6095: 5502: 5213: 5182:"21st-Century Yakuza: Recent Trends in Organized Crime in Japan ~Part 1 ２１ ――" 4378: 4346: 4174: 4083: 4012: 3857: 3483: 3157: 3147: 2839: 2625: 2617: 1981: 1652: 1559:

In the 2010s and 2020s, the yakuza's main source of funding is a fraud called

1506: 1337: 1278: 1161: 1142: 655: 584: 489: 440: 120: 74: 51: 3981: 3757: 3722: 6976: 6875: 6672: 6115: 6105: 5710:

Bruno, A. (2007). "The Yakuza, the Japanese Mafia" CrimeLibrary: Time Warner

5553: 5357: 4823: 4726:"La mafia japonesa de los 'yakuza' envía alimentos a las víctimas del sismo" 4008:【六代目山口組の餅つきに密着】参加者は「PCR検査必須」、会場はさながら高級ブランドのファッションショー、高山若頭は50万超のフランス製ダウンジャケット 3328:"Yubitsume: ritualistic self-amputation of proximal digits among the Yakuza" 3132: 2687: 2213: 2017: 1957: 1850: 1647: 1635: 1603: 1286: 1149: 1127: 1122: 591:, with disdain. Much of the undesirable image of the yakuza originates from 426:

aimed at impeding revenue and increasing liability for criminal activities.

390: 6014:

Blood Ties: Yakuza Daughter Lifts Lid on Hidden Hell of Gangsters' families

4652:"Quake in Japan: Gangsters; Gang in Kobe Organizes Aid for People in Quake" 3361: 2954:

behind-the-scenes fixer, godfather, or power broker (lit. "black curtain")

1513: 1239:

under the Act on Prevention of Unjust Acts by Organized Crime Group Members

577:

status, meaning they were allowed the dignity of a surname and two swords.

4806:[The criminal services market in Japan. The Yakuza and the State] 3343: 1968:

of outcast communities which originated in the pre-modern, especially the

6395: 6356: 5983: 5481:"Japanese high court overturns death sentence against yakuza gang leader" 4109: 3885: 3749: 3137: 2873: 2184: 1888: 1839: 1794: 1730: 1726:

decided to review all listed companies and expel those with yakuza ties.

1639: 1301: 1274: 1135: 457: 395: 374: 127: 108: 88: 57: 5022:"Japan's Invisible Minority: Better Off Than in Past, but StillOutcasts" 4942: 3054:

ritual cutting of the joint of the little finger to atone for a mistake

1464:(which has not traditionally been the territory of the Yamaguchi-gumi.) 1145:

fingertips have been developed to disguise this distinctive appearance.

384:

The yakuza are known for their strict codes of conduct, their organized

17: 6247: 6145: 3127: 3107: 2918: 2818: 2692: 2387: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2064: 1896: 1821: 1798: 1790: 1782: 1153: 1115: 729:

weddings, and may have been a part of sworn brotherhood relationships.

617: 574: 104: 3326:

Bosmia, Anand N.; Griessenauer, Christoph J.; Tubbs, R. Shane (2014).

1475: 402:

or, in more recent years, a Western-style "sharp" suit covering them.

6694: 5860:

Sho Fumimura (Writer), Ryoichi Ikegami (Artist). (Series 1993–1997) "

4226:"Boryokudan Comprehensive Measures – The Condition of the Boryokudan" 3122: 2679:

The yakuza feature prominently in the 2015 American dystopian series

2128:

The Act on Prevention of Unjust Acts by Organized Crime Group Members

1916: 1908: 1770: 1703: 1684: 1582:

perpetrators were yakuza and their associates. The total damage from

1021: 726: 643: 636: 524: 504: 494: 399: 124: 116: 100: 96: 6004:

FBI What We Investigate – Asian Transnational Organized Crime Groups

2493:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 1666:

has decreased over the years, and in 2023 there were only about 150

4199:"Act on Prevention of Unjust Acts by Organized Crime Group Members" 1887:

In addition to their presence in Southeast Asian countries such as

5793:

Toppamono: Outlaw. Radical. Suspect. My Life in Japan's Underworld

5216:), "Yakuza served notice days of looking the other way are over," 4920: 4850:

Yakuza returns after five years in North Korea jail on drug charge

4804:"Le marché des services criminels au Japon. Les yakuzas et l'État" 3802: 2890: 2882: 2878: 2862: 2827: 2823: 2811: 2807: 2612: 2565: 1999:

and Alec Dubro, burakumin account for about 70% of the members of

1904: 1825: 1733:, with them backing those who share in their opinions or beliefs. 1689: 1629: 1461: 1109: 1025: 682: 631: 475: 467: 378: 92: 3771:

High concentration of, Yakuza within Fukuoka (20 February 2018).

3637:(25th Anniversary ed.). the University of California Press. 3470:

Shikata, Ko (October 2006). "Yakuza – organized crime in Japan".

1842:

that cost $ 275 in the US could sell for up to $ 4,000 in Tokyo.

1642:

has historically been known as a popular yakuza hangout in Tokyo.

666:, the northernmost part of the island, has the largest number of 4211:

The Fukuoka Prefectural Center for the Elimination of Boryokudan

4044: 3417:

Hill, Peter (February 2004). "The Changing Face of the Yakuza".

2866: 1729:

Yakuza involvement in politics functions similarly to that of a

1453: 722: 385: 6494: 6043: 2778:, the yakuza are mentioned, presumably operating in Vice City. 2755:

in the second and third act after they cut their ties with the

2031:

suggested Koreans composed 10% of the yakuza proper and 70% of

405:

At their height, the yakuza maintained a large presence in the

5117:"White Paper on Crime 1989 4 広域化・寡占化による再編の時代(昭和40年代後半～50年代前半)" 4943:"Capital punishment – Japan's Yakuza Vie for Control of Tokyo" 4285: 4148: 2458: 2356: 2315: 1869: 5429:"Yakuza boss is first ever to be sentenced to death in Japan" 3856:(in Japanese). President Online. 19 June 2013. Archived from 414: 267: 243: 5274:

Average Joe could be collateral damage in war against yakuza

4969:

Yakuza: The Explosive Account of Japan's Criminal Underworld

4247: 4245: 3610:

Yakuza: The Explosive Account of Japan's Criminal Underworld

3549:

Yakuza: The Explosive Account of Japan's Criminal Underworld

3024:

nightclubs, bars, restaurants, etc. (lit. "water business")

2079:, Shinichi Matsuyama (1927–) the head of the 5th-generation 799:, the person corresponding to pseudo younger brother of the 388:

nature, and several unconventional ritual practices such as

4919:. The Foreign Correspondents' Club of Japan. Archived from 4105:"「億単位のカネが簡単に集まった」暴対法から約30年…指定暴力団の幹部が明かす「バブル時代の暴力団のヤバすぎる実態」" 3661:. National Diet Library, Japan. 22 May 2007. Archived from 1232:

is a "particularly harmful" yakuza group registered by the

273: 249: 234: 111:; also internationally in, South Korea, Australia, and the 6008: 5380:"Yakuza Bosses Whacked by Regulators Freezing AmEx Cards" 541:

were a highly structured and hierarchical group with the

261: 258: 231: 1845:

In 2001, the FBI's representative in Tokyo arranged for

1265:

restructure to appear more professional and legitimate.

5775:

The Japanese Way of Justice: Prosecuting Crime in Japan

5085:"White Paper on Crime 1989 3 頂上作戦とその影響(昭和30年代末～40年代前半)" 3678:

The Japanese way of justice: prosecuting crime in Japan

2482: 2163:, but the new law resulted in more businesses refusing 1948:

from non-burakumin Japanese and Chinese ethnic groups.

1646:

Yakuza frequently engaged in a unique form of Japanese

1466:

One of the best-known bosses of the Yamaguchi-gumi was

1134:

Its origin stems from the traditional way of holding a

5630:"Yakuza: Kind-hearted criminals or monsters in suits?" 4070:"The Yakuza: Inside Japan's murky criminal underworld" 2897:

are located in the middle of the Japanese underworld:

1667: 1661: 1328:

As of 2023, the National Police Agency has designated

818:, and the person corresponding to pseudo child of the 5824:

Confessions of a Yakuza: A Life in Japan's Underworld

5153:

National Center for Removal of Criminal Organizations

4917:"Mitsuhiro Suganuma, "Japan's Intelligence Services"" 3916:(in Japanese). National police Agency. Archived from 3828:(in Japanese). National police Agency. Archived from 3193: 2685:. They are also the basis for the 2019 BBC TV Series 2075:, Jiro Kiyota (1940–) the head of the 5th-generation 1296:

In August 2021, the Fukuoka District Court sentenced

270: 264: 246: 240: 6035:

Yakuza: Kind-Hearted Criminals or Monsters in Suits?

5586:

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

4694: 4692: 4482:"HumanTrafficking.org, "Human Trafficking in Japan"" 4091:, Series 2, Episode 3, first aired 21 September 2006 3680:. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press. 2772:, the yakuza play a major role in the storyline. In 2719:

and yakuza culture are synonymous with one another.

1672:, of whom 30 worked in groups and 120 worked alone. 1619:

Some yakuza groups are known to deal extensively in

1148:

Many yakuza have full-body tattoos (including their

750:

and run their own subsidiary organizations, and the

695:(子分; lit. foster child) owe their allegiance to the 7000: 6985: 6816: 6800: 6705: 6659: 6644: 6581: 6555: 6529: 6472: 6425: 6404: 6388: 6365: 6349: 6331: 6293: 6272: 6256: 6220: 6204: 6188: 6172: 6154: 6131: 6078: 5528:"The Yakuza's Impact On Japanese Society | ipl.org" 5348:"暴力団から足を洗って5年以上なのに、どうして銀行口座つくれないの？元組員が「不合理な差別」と提訴" 5061:

Kaplan and Dubro (2003) Preface to the new edition.

3941:【続・山口組分裂の深層】ヤクザ組織を支える「直参制度」　若頭、舎弟が意味するものとは (1/2ページ) 3590: 3588: 1598:, officially forbid their members from engaging in 438:originates from the traditional Japanese card game 255: 237: 170: 162: 152: 133: 83: 65: 5582:"Yakuza: The Warlords of Japanese Organized Crime" 4567: 3596:https://kyotojournal.org/society/insider-outsider/ 3379:. Vol. 390, no. 8620. 28 February 2009. 3143:List of criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates 1694:Yakuza often take part in local festivals such as 557:was often regarded as a surrogate father, and the 4955:non-burakumin Japanese and Chinese ethnic groups. 4043:(in Japanese). Shokugyou datebase. Archived from 3659:"Portraits of Modern Japanese Historical Figures" 1988:. They traditionally lived in their own secluded 1880:The yakuza have engaged in illegal activities in 1324:Three largest syndicates and six major syndicates 876:, second-in-command and pseudo eldest son of the 646:island (and particularly its northern prefecture 6679:Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies 4298:六代目山口組髙山清司若頭、住吉会＆稲川会トップと"ヤクザサミット"開催　緊張感漂う内部写真公開. 950:, are also important positions. In general, the 508:, those who were involved in or participated in 4999:. University of California Press. p. 133. 4990: 4988: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4701:"Japanese Yakuza Aid Earthquake Relief Efforts" 4258:Washington University Global Studies Law Review 4001: 3999: 2288: 2258: 2141: 2097: 1720:Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission 1560: 1357: 1313: 1256: 1248: 1225: 1063: 1048: 1033: 951: 936: 917: 902: 883: 864: 842: 827: 804: 785: 770: 742: 733: 573:were appointed as supervisors and granted near- 344: 318: 317:and media (by request of the police) call them 284: 197: 5760:The Japanese Mafia: Yakuza, Law, and the State 5236: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5228: 2282: 2267: 2131: 2104: 1609: 1567: 1526: 1491: 1443: 1364: 1307: 1242: 1219: 1188: 1083: 1070: 1055: 1040: 958: 943: 924: 909: 890: 871: 849: 834: 811: 792: 777: 714: 701: 353: 327: 293: 72: 27:Members of organized crime syndicates in Japan 7057:Organizations established in the 17th century 6506: 6055: 5941:Yakuza Moon: Memoirs of a Gangster's Daughter 3465: 3463: 2021:. In the early 1990s, 18 of 90 top bosses of 1032:. They refer to each other as family members— 8: 5342: 5340: 5309: 5307: 5204: 5202: 5176: 5174: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4335: 4333: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 3792: 3790: 1656:. In essence, this is a specialized form of 1594:. While many yakuza syndicates, notably the 1016:) who gives orders to his subordinates, the 754:of the subsidiary organizations also become 42: 7102:Organized crime groups in the United States 7067:Secret societies related to organized crime 6993:Organized crime groups in the United States 4868:. Princeton University Press. p. 308. 3004:loan sharks (lit. "salary man financiers") 2350:Learn how and when to remove these messages 1964:in the 11th century. The burakumin are the 6513: 6499: 6491: 6062: 6048: 6040: 4099: 4097: 4064: 4062: 2059:Notable yakuza of Korean ancestry include 1255:enacted in 1991. Groups are designated as 769:of the organization is generally called a 667: 50: 5020:Kristof, Nicholas D. (30 November 1995). 4560:"US clamps down on Japanese Yakuza mafia" 4374:暴力団の主たる資金源「特殊詐欺」にオドロキ判決　背景に「警察」「民暴弁護士」の活躍 3799:"The Yakuza – Oyabun-Kobun, Father-Child" 3351: 2544:The yakuza have had mixed relations with 2527:Learn how and when to remove this message 2509:Learn how and when to remove this message 2447:Learn how and when to remove this message 2203:In addition to the anti-yakuza laws, the 2003:, the largest yakuza syndicate in Japan. 1602:, some other yakuza syndicates, like the 612:The roots of the yakuza survive today in 5042:"Boryokudan Situation in the Early 2007" 4865:Aspects of Social Change in Modern Japan 4318:. The editors of Encyclopedia Britannica 2930: 2826:(2000), drama (2002, 2005 and 2008) and 2751:features a yakuza clan that assists the 2308:against yakuza entering their premises. 2087:Law enforcement and indirect enforcement 1421: 654:. Isokichi Yoshida (1867–1936) from the 5554:"5 Things to Know About Japan's Yakuza" 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3332:Journal of Injury and Violence Research 3231:"Japanese Organised Crime in Australia" 3222: 3200: 2620:shortly after the release of the film. 2260: 2179:Beginning in 2009, led by agency chief 981:are the pseudo-younger brothers of the 895:, pseudo oldest younger brother of the 708:. In a much later period, the code of 639:island, a source of many yakuza members 6792:United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia 6780:Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia 5552:Martin, Alexander (30 November 1999). 5293:Anti-Yakuza Laws are Taking their Toll 4995:Kaplan, David E.; Dubro, Alec (2003). 4777:Kaplan, David E.; Dubro, Alec (2003). 4583:Kaplan, David E.; Dubro, Alec (2012). 3633:Kaplan, David E.; Dubro, Alec (2012). 2769:Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories 377:, meaning an individual involved in a 369:. The English equivalent for the term 71:(presumed to have originated from the 41: 7127:Anti-communist organizations in Japan 5821:Saga, Junichi., Bester, John. (1991) 5580:Gragert, Lt. Bruce (25 August 2010). 5186:The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus 3258: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 2041:. Some of the representatives of the 1992:and villages away from other groups. 616:, which incorporate tekiya or bakuto 415:several legal and social developments 362: 336: 302: 217: 7: 7052:17th-century establishments in Japan 4967:Dubro, A.; Kaplan, David E. (1986). 4671:Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 4650:Sterngold, James (22 January 1995), 3608:Dubro, A.; Kaplan, David E. (1986). 3547:Dubro, A.; Kaplan, David E. (1986). 2385:adding citations to reliable sources 2279:became the first "designated yakuza" 1090:. When the 3rd Yamaguchi-gumi boss ( 5743:Kaplan, David, Dubro Alec. (2003). 5728:Kaplan, David, Dubro Alec. (1986). 5682:"Serie –Twittering birds never fly" 5250:. 30 September 2021. Archived from 4997:Yakuza: Japan's Criminal Underworld 4862:Ronald Philip Dore (8 March 2015). 4779:Yakuza: Japan's Criminal Underworld 4585:Yakuza: Japan's Criminal Underworld 3973:「やっぱり殺られてしもうたか…」　神戸山口組幹部・死へのカウントダウン 3635:Yakuza: Japan's Criminal Underworld 3472:Journal of Money Laundering Control 1710:(a well-known yakuza group) bought 1320:, a more dangerous type of yakuza. 1180:Number of members and quasi-members 343:, while the yakuza call themselves 5242:"「早くやめておけば」あえぐ組員、強まる排除「暴排」条例の10年" 4781:. University of California Press. 4587:. University of California Press. 4312:"Taoka Kazuo, Japanese crime boss" 3275:. pp. 2–6, 26. Archived from 2796:Manga, anime and television dramas 2598:Battles Without Honor and Humanity 1736: 25: 5864:" Viz Communications Inc (Vol 1: 5612:"Where Have Japan's Yakuza Gone?" 4699:Adelstein, Jake (18 March 2011). 4406:特殊詐欺に暴力団関与　「主犯」の半数　組織の資金源か　警察庁まとめ 4381:. 18 October 2020. Archived from 4252:Reilly, Edward (1 January 2014). 3980:. 27 October 2020. Archived from 3551:. Da Capo Press. pp. 18–21. 3505:Hessler, Peter (2 January 2012). 3044:peddlers, street stall operators 2331:This section has multiple issues. 965:of an organization is run by the 6652:Organized crime groups in Canada 5980:The Secret Lives of Yakuza Women 5747:University of California Press ( 5457:. 24 August 2021. Archived from 5050:Bōryokudan#Designated bōryokudan 4683:10.1111/j.1538-4616.2008.00122.x 4522:"Organized Crime Situation 2023" 3452:暴力団勢力、2万2400人 18年連続減少組員、平均年齢上昇. 3375:"Feeling the heat; The yakuza". 3264:"Organized Crime Situation 2023" 3203: 2463: 2361: 2320: 1899:, yakuza groups also operate in 1539: 1512: 1474: 518:(peddlers) ranked as one of the 227: 7097:Organized crime groups in Japan 5321:. 28 March 2023. Archived from 5315:"元暴5年条項とは？定義や反社会的勢力排除に必要な理由を解説" 4889:Luis Frois SJ (14 March 2014). 4413:. 28 March 2019. Archived from 4349:. 12 March 2015. Archived from 4342:暴力団、資金源を特殊詐欺にシフト　14年の摘発2337人と最多 4300:Yahoo Japan News. 13 April 2023 4113:. 30 March 2023. Archived from 2372:needs additional citations for 2339:or discuss these issues on the 2071:the head of the 4th-generation 2029:Japanese National Police Agency 1315:Tokutei Kiken Shitei Bōryokudan 1004:Yakuza groups are headed by an 748:(family head and pseudo parent) 309:, are members of transnational 87:Primarily Japan, particularly, 6883:Independent Cartel of Acapulco 5992:101 East – Battling the Yakuza 5806:Seymour, Christopher. (1996). 5713:Blancke, Stephan. ed. (2015). 5404:. 19 June 2021. Archived from 5072:The Yakuza, the Japanese Mafia 3881:駅に初詣、出所…山口組司忍組長ら暴力団が報道写真に納まるワケ 3074:underling (lit. "child role") 1505:, in that it functions like a 670:among all of the prefectures. 502:, stolen or shoddy goods; and 498:, those who primarily peddled 358:, "chivalrous organizations", 1: 7092:Transnational organized crime 6888:Jalisco New Generation Cartel 6341:Secret societies in Singapore 4802:Bouissou, Jean-Marie (1999). 3888:. 2 July 2022. Archived from 3715:10.1080/17440572.2020.1813114 3612:. Da Capo Press. p. 22. 3407:National Police Agency. 1999. 1755:Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami 1075:, elder and younger brothers) 381:-like criminal organization. 7087:Organized crime by ethnicity 4283:工藤会と"91人の証言者" 暴力団トップ死刑判決の内幕. 1716:Tokyo Kyuko Electric Railway 6621:Primeiro Comando da Capital 6079:China, Hong Kong, and Macau 5717:Berlin: Verlag Dr. Köster ( 5427:RJ Endra (24 August 2021). 5398:"住吉会トップら6億円超支払う詐欺被害上回る和解金" 5122:Ministry of Justice (Japan) 5090:Ministry of Justice (Japan) 5074:. CrimeLibrary: Time Warner 4734:(in Spanish). 25 March 2011 4533:. p. 7. Archived from 4040:ヤクザの役職・階級一覧｜組織図や年収、序列を明解に解説 3431:10.1080/1744057042000297007 3183:Yakuza exclusion ordinances 2775:Grand Theft Auto: Vice City 2489:the claims made and adding 2289: 2259: 2222:yakuza exclusion ordinances 2205:Yakuza exclusion ordinances 2199:Yakuza exclusion ordinances 2142: 2098: 1737:Yakuza's aid in earthquakes 1702:In 1989, Susumu Ishii, the 1668: 1662: 1561: 1419:, held a social gathering. 1387:(second-in-command) of the 1358: 1314: 1257: 1249: 1226: 1199:yakuza exclusion ordinances 1152:). These tattoos, known as 1064: 1049: 1034: 952: 937: 918: 903: 884: 865: 843: 828: 805: 786: 771: 743: 734: 674:Organization and activities 565:. At this time, within the 345: 319: 285: 198: 73: 7143: 6829:Beltrán-Leyva Organization 6030:Yakuza: The Japanese Mafia 5845:Sterling, Claire. (1994). 5773:Johnson, David T. (2001). 4950:Jane's Intelligence Review 4852:2009-01-16 The Japan Times 4456:Ministry of Justice, Japan 4310:Britannica, Encyclopedia. 3676:Johnson, David T. (2002). 2964:boss (lit. "parent role") 2927:Yakuza-related terminology 2847:Twittering Birds Never Fly 2682:The Man in the High Castle 2559: 2118:energy crisis of the 1970s 1172: 741:of an organization become 313:originating in Japan. The 311:organized crime syndicates 29: 7062:Japanese secret societies 7021: 6920:Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel 6596:Brazilian police militias 6026:; CBS News, 17 April 2007 5830:Schilling, Mark. (2003). 5777:Oxford University Press ( 5762:Oxford University Press ( 5758:Hill, Peter B.E. (2003). 4763:11 September 2008 at the 3738:Journal of Social History 3484:10.1108/13685200610707653 2783:Hitman 2: Silent Assassin 2283: 2268: 2132: 2109:, First Operation Summit) 2105: 2027:were ethnic Koreans. The 1724:Osaka Securities Exchange 1610: 1568: 1527: 1492: 1444: 1365: 1308: 1243: 1237:Public Safety Commissions 1220: 1189: 1175:List of Yakuza syndicates 1084: 1071: 1056: 1041: 959: 944: 925: 910: 891: 872: 850: 835: 812: 793: 778: 715: 702: 595:; this includes the name 354: 328: 294: 210: 49: 6733:Libertadores del Vichada 6024:Japanese Mayor Shot Dead 5810:Atlantic Monthly Press ( 5745:Yakuza: Expanded Edition 5451:"捜査幹部「画期的な判決」他の暴力団に影響も" 5282:, 16 October 2011, p. 9. 5222:, 26 January 2011, p. 3. 5048:, 2007, p. 22. See also 4614:This Mob Is Big in Japan 4450: 4405: 4373: 4341: 4144:"30年で構成員7割減…令和時代暴力団はいま" 4039: 4007: 3972: 3940: 3912: 3880: 3852: 3824: 3537:. Kotobank (in Japanese) 2234:U.S. Treasury Department 1849:, the head of the group 411:operated internationally 6748:Muerte a Secuestradores 5943:Kodansha International 5559:The Wall Street Journal 4895:Routledge. p. 36. 4836:Jean-François Gayraud, 4824:10.3406/criti.1999.1602 4812:Critique Internationale 4204:19 January 2012 at the 2099:Daiichiji chōjō sakusen 1681:Japanese bubble economy 456:is commonly written in 364:[ɲiŋkʲoːdantai] 32:Yakuza (disambiguation) 7122:Gangs in San Francisco 7117:Gangs in New York City 6905:Knights Templar Cartel 6760:Norte del Valle Cartel 6524:groups in the Americas 6228:Hai San Secret Society 5849:Simon & Schuster ( 5046:National Police Agency 4840:, édition 2008, p. 104 4530:National Police Agency 4451:Stimulants Control Act 4435:Vorobyov, Niko (2019) 4187:National Police Agency 4180:10 August 2011 at the 3775:. www.japantimes.co.jp 3578:1 October 2018 at the 3272:National Police Agency 2727:The video game series 2587: 2134:暴力団員による不当な行為の防止等に関する法律 1779:San Francisco Bay Area 1699: 1643: 1369:, major organizations) 1191:暴力団員による不当な行為の防止等に関する法律 1125:, also referred to as 1119: 688: 640: 545:(boss) at the top and 485: 473: 338:[boːɾʲokɯꜜdaɴ] 298:, "the extreme path", 6851:La Familia Michoacana 6631:Terceiro Comando Puro 6458:Đồng Xuân Labor Union 6019:Crime Library: Yakuza 5939:Tendo, Shoko (2007). 5832:The Yakuza Movie Book 5301:, 4 March 2012, p. 9. 3853:開拓した会社がヤクザのフロント企業だったら 3344:10.5249/jivr.v6i2.489 3302:"Britannica Academic" 2743:and a web TV series. 2569: 2043:designated Bōryokudan 1714:255 million worth of 1693: 1633: 1250:Bōryokudan Taisaku Hō 1173:Further information: 1113: 706:, lit. foster parent) 686: 668:designated syndicates 635: 614:initiation ceremonies 479: 471: 113:Western United States 39:Criminal organization 7112:Gangs in Los Angeles 7077:Japanese subcultures 7072:Criminal subcultures 6962:South Pacific Cartel 5834:Stone Bridge Press ( 5483:. NHK. 12 March 2024 5408:on 29 September 2022 4952:: 4. December 2009. 4572:on 10 December 2022. 4439:Hodder, UK. p. 91–93 4231:Hokkaido Prefectural 3034:outcasts (by birth) 2944:association/society 2761:Grand Theft Auto III 2748:Grand Theft Auto III 2570:Poster for the 1948 2381:improve this article 1976:, such as butchers, 1876:Asia (outside Japan) 1743:1995 Kobe earthquake 1300:, the fifth head of 1114:An early example of 948:, secretary general) 520:lowest social groups 332:, "violent groups", 158:10,000 quasi-members 30:For other uses, see 6770:Oficina de Envigado 6616:Guardiões do Estado 5962:Jean-Pierre Limosin 5660:japansubculture.com 4838:Le Monde des mafias 4619:The Washington Post 4488:on 15 November 2011 4462:on 14 December 2023 3535:"Yakuza" definition 2932: 2741:a live-action movie 2713:dark comedic parody 2705:. The anime series 2063:the founder of the 1927:Constituent members 1859:UCLA Medical Center 1832:(10%). In 1990, a 1741:In the wake of the 1425:Principal families 1334:Kobe Yamaguchi-gumi 1262:(designated yakuza) 1216:A designated yakuza 1208:Designated yakuza ( 963:, executive office) 719:, justice and duty) 424:Japanese Government 398:, sometimes with a 56:The word yakuza in 46: 7026:Mafia bibliography 7008:Cartel of the Suns 6856:Guadalajara Cartel 6765:North Coast Cartel 6294:Post-Soviet states 6009:Yakuza Portal site 5994: – 5982: – 5795:Kotan Publishing ( 5461:on 19 October 2021 5439:on 25 August 2021. 5325:on 25 January 2024 5319:Socialwire Co.,Ltd 5291:Schreiber, Mark, " 5254:on 3 December 2023 5159:on 4 December 2023 5070:Bruno, A. (2007). 5026:The New York Times 4767:, Crimelibrary.com 4656:The New York Times 4633:"The Yakuza Lobby" 4385:on 20 October 2020 4316:www.britannica.com 3860:on 26 October 2021 3750:10.1093/jsh/shr120 2931: 2803:Stop!! Hibari-kun! 2734:formerly known as 2588: 2474:possibly contains 2297:sentenced to death 1834:Smith & Wesson 1718:'s stock. Japan's 1700: 1644: 1550:Current activities 1399:(chairman) of the 1271:Fukuoka Prefecture 1120: 914:, general manager) 689: 641: 486: 484:(Chogoro Yamamoto) 474: 304:[gokɯꜜdoː] 219:[jaꜜkɯdza] 147:Japanese Americans 7034: 7033: 6935:Artistas Asesinos 6743:The Extraditables 6667:No Limit Soldiers 6591:Amigos dos Amigos 6573:Santa Cruz Cartel 6488: 6487: 6306:Azerbaijani mafia 6285:Waray-Waray gangs 6141:Mumbai underworld 6000: 5988: 5952:978-4-7700-3042-9 5636:. 10 October 2012 5507:The Asahi Shimbun 5402:The Asahi Shimbun 5272:Botting, Geoff, " 5247:The Asahi Shimbun 5006:978-0-520-21562-7 4978:978-0-201-11151-4 4971:. Da Capo Press. 4902:978-1-317-91781-6 4875:978-1-4008-7206-0 4788:978-0-520-21562-7 4594:978-0-520-27490-7 4228:, December 2010, 4184:, December 2009, 3619:978-0-201-11151-4 3558:978-0-201-11151-4 3507:"All Due Respect" 3455:The Asahi Shimbun 3093: 3092: 2629:, the 1989 films 2540:Yakuza in society 2537: 2536: 2529: 2519: 2518: 2511: 2476:original research 2457: 2456: 2449: 2431: 2354: 2290:Shitei Bōryokudan 2253:held the head of 2240:Current situation 2151:protection racket 2069:Tokutaro Takayama 1828:(16%) and in the 1658:protection racket 1621:human trafficking 1547: 1546: 1480:"Yamabishi" (山菱) 1258:Shitei Bōryokudan 1227:Shitei Bōryokudan 1210:Shitei Bōryokudan 1160:When yakuza play 534:during the fair. 195: 194: 174:Principal clans: 16:(Redirected from 7134: 7082:Culture of Japan 6626:Terceiro Comando 6611:Família do Norte 6606:Comando Vermelho 6515: 6508: 6501: 6492: 6324: 6064: 6057: 6050: 6041: 5998: 5986: 5827:Kodansha America 5789:Miyazaki, Manabu 5732:Addison-Wesley ( 5697: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5686:taifu-comics.com 5678: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5662:. 9 January 2015 5652: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5626: 5620: 5619: 5608: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5577: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5549: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5447: 5441: 5440: 5435:. 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Archived from 3936: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3920:on 23 March 2023 3908: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3876: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3848: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3820: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3797:Bruno, Anthony. 3794: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3733: 3727: 3726: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3665:on 22 July 2019. 3655: 3649: 3648: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3605: 3599: 3592: 3583: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3519: 3517: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3467: 3458: 3449: 3443: 3442: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3389: 3388: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3355: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3282:on 30 March 2024 3281: 3268: 3260: 3235: 3234: 3227: 3208: 3207: 3206: 3199: 3014:motorcycle gang 2994:hoodlum/ruffian 2939:Japanese Rōmaji 2933: 2765: 2647:, the 2005 film 2641:, the 1995 film 2546:Japanese society 2532: 2525: 2514: 2507: 2503: 2500: 2494: 2491:inline citations 2467: 2466: 2459: 2452: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2432: 2430: 2389: 2365: 2357: 2346: 2324: 2323: 2316: 2294: 2292: 2286: 2285: 2273: 2272:, special fraud) 2271: 2270: 2264: 2251:Tokyo High Court 2189:Kiyoshi Takayama 2154: 2147: 2139: 2137: 2136: 2124:Anti-yakuza laws 2110: 2108: 2107: 2101: 2092:Operation Summit 1855:liver transplant 1671: 1665: 1615: 1613: 1612: 1600:drug trafficking 1573: 1572:, special fraud) 1571: 1570: 1564: 1543: 1532: 1530: 1529: 1516: 1497: 1495: 1494: 1478: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1422: 1381:Kiyoshi Takayama 1370: 1368: 1367: 1361: 1319: 1317: 1311: 1310: 1263: 1260: 1254: 1252: 1246: 1245: 1231: 1229: 1223: 1222: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1089: 1087: 1086: 1076: 1074: 1073: 1067: 1061: 1059: 1058: 1052: 1046: 1044: 1043: 1037: 964: 962: 961: 955: 949: 947: 946: 940: 934: 928: 927: 921: 915: 913: 912: 906: 900: 894: 893: 887: 881: 875: 874: 868: 855: 853: 852: 846: 840: 838: 837: 831: 817: 815: 814: 808: 798: 796: 795: 789: 783: 781: 780: 774: 749: 746: 740: 737: 720: 718: 717: 707: 705: 704: 551:Japanese culture 409:, and they also 368: 366: 361: 357: 356: 350: 342: 340: 335: 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4463: 4454:(in Japanese). 4452: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4434: 4430: 4420: 4418: 4409:(in Japanese). 4407: 4403: 4402: 4398: 4388: 4386: 4377:(in Japanese). 4375: 4371: 4370: 4366: 4356: 4354: 4345:(in Japanese). 4343: 4339: 4338: 4331: 4321: 4319: 4309: 4308: 4304: 4296: 4292: 4281: 4277: 4251: 4250: 4243: 4237: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4206:Wayback Machine 4197: 4193: 4182:Wayback Machine 4173: 4169: 4159: 4157: 4156:on 30 June 2022 4142: 4141: 4130: 4120: 4118: 4103: 4102: 4095: 4081: 4077: 4068: 4067: 4060: 4050: 4048: 4047:on 3 April 2024 4041: 4037: 4036: 4032: 4022: 4020: 4011:(in Japanese). 4009: 4005: 4004: 3997: 3987: 3985: 3976:(in Japanese). 3974: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3955: 3953: 3944:(in Japanese). 3942: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3923: 3921: 3914: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3895: 3893: 3884:(in Japanese). 3882: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3863: 3861: 3854: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3835: 3833: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3807: 3805: 3796: 3795: 3788: 3778: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3735: 3734: 3730: 3700: 3699: 3695: 3688: 3675: 3674: 3670: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3645: 3632: 3631: 3627: 3620: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3593: 3586: 3580:Wayback Machine 3570: 3566: 3559: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3533: 3529: 3515: 3513: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3469: 3468: 3461: 3457:. 27 March 2023 3450: 3446: 3416: 3415: 3411: 3405:第4章暴力団総合対策の推進. 3403: 3392: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3310: 3308: 3306:academic.eb.com 3300: 3299: 3295: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3266: 3262: 3261: 3238: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3194: 3192: 3153:Organized crime 3118:Criminal tattoo 3098: 3084:violence group 2929: 2895:Ryoichi Ikegami 2850:: manga of the 2835:My Boss My Hero 2798: 2763: 2725: 2677: 2644:Johnny Mnemonic 2564: 2558: 2550:Korean-Japanese 2542: 2533: 2522: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2504: 2498: 2495: 2480: 2468: 2464: 2453: 2442: 2436: 2433: 2390: 2388: 2378: 2366: 2325: 2321: 2314: 2280: 2265: 2242: 2230: 2201: 2148: 2129: 2126: 2102: 2094: 2089: 2073:Aizukotetsu-kai 2061:Hisayuki Machii 2009: 1997:David E. Kaplan 1986:leather workers 1974:ritual impurity 1954: 1929: 1913:Pacific Islands 1878: 1853:, to receive a 1807:methamphetamine 1767: 1739: 1607: 1592:methamphetamine 1565: 1557: 1552: 1524: 1489: 1458:Shinobu Tsukasa 1441: 1405:Kazuya Uchibori 1362: 1326: 1305: 1269:less than 100. 1261: 1240: 1217: 1214: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1171: 1108: 1088:, older sister) 1081: 1068: 1053: 1038: 956: 941: 922: 907: 888: 869: 847: 832: 809: 790: 775: 747: 738: 712: 699: 681: 676: 660:Shinobu Tsukasa 630: 607:Shimizu Jirocho 482:Shimizu Jirocho 466: 432: 359: 351: 333: 325: 315:Japanese police 299: 291: 254: 230: 224: 223: 214: 204: 171:Notable members 157: 141:; occasionally 70: 61: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7140: 7138: 7130: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7039: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7028: 7022: 7019: 7018: 7016: 7015: 7013:Tren de Aragua 7010: 7004: 7002: 6998: 6997: 6989: 6987: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6967:Tijuana Cartel 6964: 6959: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6950:La Resistencia 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6925:Sinaloa Cartel 6922: 6917: 6912: 6910:Milenio Cartel 6907: 6902: 6901: 6900: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6879: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6834:Los Mazatlecos 6826: 6820: 6818: 6814: 6813: 6811: 6810: 6804: 6802: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6794: 6789: 6788: 6787: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6756: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6735: 6730: 6728:Clan del Golfo 6725: 6720: 6715: 6709: 6707: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6699: 6698: 6697: 6692: 6685:Jamaican posse 6682: 6676: 6670: 6663: 6661: 6657: 6656: 6648: 6646: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6601:Carecas do ABC 6598: 6593: 6587: 6585: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6575: 6570: 6568:La Corporación 6565: 6563:Chapare Cartel 6559: 6557: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6533: 6531: 6527: 6526: 6520: 6518: 6517: 6510: 6503: 6495: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6482: 6476: 6474: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6466: 6465:’s robber band 6463:Bạch Hải Đường 6460: 6455: 6449: 6443: 6437: 6431: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6419: 6414: 6408: 6406: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6398: 6392: 6390: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6382: 6380:Four Seas Gang 6377: 6371: 6369: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6359: 6353: 6351: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6343: 6337: 6335: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6313: 6311:Georgian mafia 6308: 6303: 6301:Armenian mafia 6297: 6295: 6291: 6290: 6288: 6287: 6282: 6280:Bahala Na Gang 6276: 6274: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6266: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6253: 6251: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6214: 6212:Lebanese mafia 6208: 6206: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6198: 6192: 6190: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6182: 6176: 6174: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6166: 6160: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6148: 6143: 6137: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6125: 6120: 6119: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6082: 6080: 6076: 6075: 6073:groups in Asia 6069: 6067: 6066: 6059: 6052: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5989: 5975: 5974:External links 5972: 5970: 5969: 5955: 5937: 5858: 5847:Thieves' World 5843: 5828: 5819: 5804: 5786: 5771: 5756: 5741: 5726: 5723:978-3895748882 5711: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5673: 5647: 5621: 5603: 5572: 5544: 5519: 5494: 5472: 5455:Sankei Shimbun 5442: 5419: 5389: 5371: 5360:on 3 July 2023 5336: 5303: 5284: 5265: 5224: 5198: 5170: 5149:"暴力的要求行為の禁止内容" 5140: 5108: 5076: 5063: 5054: 5031: 5012: 5005: 4984: 4977: 4959: 4934: 4908: 4901: 4881: 4874: 4854: 4842: 4829: 4818:(1): 155–174. 4794: 4787: 4769: 4745: 4717: 4688: 4661: 4642: 4637:Foreign Policy 4624: 4600: 4593: 4575: 4551: 4513: 4499: 4473: 4441: 4428: 4396: 4364: 4329: 4302: 4290: 4275: 4264:(4): 801–829. 4241: 4218: 4191: 4167: 4128: 4117:on 28 May 2023 4093: 4075: 4058: 4030: 3995: 3984:on 28 May 2022 3963: 3952:on 12 May 2024 3946:Sankei Shimbun 3931: 3903: 3892:on 12 May 2024 3871: 3843: 3832:on 8 July 2023 3815: 3786: 3763: 3744:(3): 623–641. 3728: 3693: 3686: 3668: 3650: 3644:978-0520215627 3643: 3625: 3618: 3600: 3584: 3564: 3557: 3539: 3527: 3511:The New Yorker 3497: 3478:(4): 416–421. 3459: 3444: 3409: 3390: 3367: 3318: 3293: 3236: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3212: 3191: 3190: 3188:Yakuza members 3185: 3180: 3175: 3173:American Mafia 3170: 3168:Sicilian Mafia 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3113:Crime in Japan 3110: 3105: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3090: 3085: 3081: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3070: 3065: 3061: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3045: 3041: 3040: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3025: 3021: 3020: 3015: 3011: 3010: 3005: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2975: 2971: 2970: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2940: 2937: 2928: 2925: 2924: 2923: 2915: 2907: 2887: 2886: 2870: 2859:Like the Beast 2856: 2843: 2831: 2815: 2797: 2794: 2724: 2721: 2708:Akiba Maid War 2703:Jake Adelstein 2676: 2673: 2610:The 1992 film 2572:Akira Kurosawa 2560:Main article: 2557: 2554: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2534: 2517: 2516: 2471: 2469: 2462: 2455: 2454: 2369: 2367: 2360: 2355: 2329: 2328: 2326: 2319: 2313: 2310: 2241: 2238: 2229: 2226: 2200: 2197: 2173:Yamaguchi-gumi 2125: 2122: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2051:Yamaguchi-gumi 2038:Yamaguchi-gumi 2013:ethnic Koreans 2008: 2007:Ethnic Koreans 2005: 2001:Yamaguchi-gumi 1953: 1950: 1928: 1925: 1882:Southeast Asia 1877: 1874: 1815:Chinese triads 1766: 1763: 1753:Following the 1747:Yamaguchi-gumi 1738: 1735: 1731:lobbying group 1596:Yamaguchi-gumi 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1537: 1533: 1518: 1517: 1510: 1503:Yamaguchi-gumi 1498: 1483: 1482: 1472: 1450: 1439:Yamaguchi-gumi 1435: 1434: 1429: 1426: 1389:Yamaguchi-gumi 1330:Yamaguchi-gumi 1325: 1322: 1213: 1206: 1181: 1178: 1170: 1167: 1136:Japanese sword 1118:tattoos, 1870s 1107: 1104: 826:) is called a 760:Yamaguchi-gumi 739:(pseudo child) 680: 677: 675: 672: 652:Yamaguchi-gumi 629: 626: 465: 462: 431: 428: 407:Japanese media 193: 192: 191: 190: 185: 180: 178:Yamaguchi-gumi 172: 168: 167: 164: 160: 159: 156:10,400 members 154: 150: 149: 135: 131: 130: 85: 81: 80: 67: 63: 62: 55: 38: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7139: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7027: 7024: 7023: 7020: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7005: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6994: 6988: 6986:United States 6984: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6957:Sonora Cartel 6955: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6915:Oaxaca Cartel 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6894: 6893:Juárez Cartel 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6863: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6846:Colima Cartel 6844: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6821: 6819: 6815: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6793: 6790: 6786: 6783: 6782: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6775:Los Rastrojos 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6740: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6687: 6686: 6683: 6680: 6677: 6674: 6671: 6668: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6653: 6647: 6643: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6580: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6554: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6542:Puccio family 6540: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6528: 6523: 6516: 6511: 6509: 6504: 6502: 6497: 6496: 6493: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6471: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6453: 6450: 6447: 6444: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6424: 6418: 6417:Kurdish mafia 6415: 6413: 6412:Turkish mafia 6410: 6409: 6407: 6403: 6397: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6387: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6364: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6348: 6342: 6339: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6330: 6322: 6321:Chechen mafia 6317: 6316:Russian mafia 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6292: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6255: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6219: 6213: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6187: 6181: 6180:Israeli mafia 6178: 6177: 6175: 6171: 6165: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6153: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6130: 6124: 6121: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6088: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6077: 6072: 6065: 6060: 6058: 6053: 6051: 6046: 6045: 6042: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 5997: 5993: 5990: 5985: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5956: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5942: 5938: 5935: 5934:1-56931-235-4 5931: 5927: 5926:1-56931-207-9 5923: 5919: 5918:1-56931-184-6 5915: 5911: 5910:1-56931-199-4 5907: 5903: 5902:1-56931-112-9 5899: 5895: 5894:1-56931-039-4 5891: 5887: 5886:1-56931-042-4 5883: 5879: 5878:0-929279-99-9 5875: 5871: 5870:0-929279-97-2 5867: 5863: 5859: 5856: 5855:0-671-74997-8 5852: 5848: 5844: 5841: 5840:1-880656-76-0 5837: 5833: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5820: 5817: 5816:0-87113-604-X 5813: 5809: 5805: 5802: 5801:0-9701716-2-5 5798: 5794: 5790: 5787: 5784: 5783:0-19-511986-X 5780: 5776: 5772: 5769: 5768:0-19-925752-3 5765: 5761: 5757: 5754: 5753:0-520-21562-1 5750: 5746: 5742: 5739: 5738:0-201-11151-9 5735: 5731: 5727: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5687: 5683: 5677: 5674: 5661: 5657: 5651: 5648: 5635: 5631: 5625: 5622: 5617: 5613: 5607: 5604: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5576: 5573: 5561: 5560: 5555: 5548: 5545: 5533: 5529: 5523: 5520: 5508: 5504: 5498: 5495: 5482: 5476: 5473: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5446: 5443: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5423: 5420: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5393: 5390: 5385: 5381: 5375: 5372: 5359: 5355: 5354: 5353:Tokyo Shimbun 5349: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5310: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5299: 5294: 5288: 5285: 5281: 5280: 5275: 5269: 5266: 5253: 5249: 5248: 5243: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5211: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5187: 5183: 5177: 5175: 5171: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5144: 5141: 5128: 5124: 5123: 5118: 5112: 5109: 5096: 5092: 5091: 5086: 5080: 5077: 5073: 5067: 5064: 5058: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039:(in Japanese) 5035: 5032: 5027: 5023: 5016: 5013: 5008: 5002: 4998: 4991: 4989: 4985: 4980: 4974: 4970: 4963: 4960: 4956: 4951: 4944: 4938: 4935: 4922: 4918: 4912: 4909: 4904: 4898: 4894: 4893: 4885: 4882: 4877: 4871: 4867: 4866: 4858: 4855: 4851: 4846: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4830: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4814:(in French). 4813: 4805: 4798: 4795: 4790: 4784: 4780: 4773: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4759: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4746: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4721: 4718: 4706: 4702: 4695: 4693: 4689: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4665: 4662: 4657: 4653: 4646: 4643: 4638: 4634: 4628: 4625: 4622:, 11 May 2008 4621: 4620: 4615: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4596: 4590: 4586: 4579: 4576: 4570: 4565: 4561: 4555: 4552: 4536: 4532: 4531: 4523: 4517: 4514: 4509: 4503: 4500: 4487: 4483: 4477: 4474: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4445: 4442: 4438: 4432: 4429: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4400: 4397: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4368: 4365: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4336: 4334: 4330: 4317: 4313: 4306: 4303: 4299: 4294: 4291: 4287: 4284: 4279: 4276: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4248: 4246: 4242: 4238:(in Japanese) 4236: 4235: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4219: 4215:(in Japanese) 4213: 4212: 4207: 4203: 4200: 4195: 4192: 4189: 4188: 4183: 4179: 4176: 4171: 4168: 4155: 4151: 4150: 4145: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4116: 4112: 4111: 4106: 4100: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4085: 4079: 4076: 4071: 4065: 4063: 4059: 4046: 4042: 4034: 4031: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3967: 3964: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3935: 3932: 3919: 3915: 3913:第2節暴力団の構造と活動 3907: 3904: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3875: 3872: 3859: 3855: 3847: 3844: 3831: 3827: 3825:第2節暴力団の構造と活動 3819: 3816: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3774: 3767: 3764: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3732: 3729: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3697: 3694: 3689: 3687:9780195119862 3683: 3679: 3672: 3669: 3664: 3660: 3654: 3651: 3646: 3640: 3636: 3629: 3626: 3621: 3615: 3611: 3604: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3574: 3568: 3565: 3560: 3554: 3550: 3543: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3528: 3524: 3512: 3508: 3501: 3498: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3466: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3453: 3448: 3445: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3425:(1): 97–116. 3424: 3420: 3413: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3377:The Economist 3371: 3368: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3322: 3319: 3307: 3303: 3297: 3294: 3278: 3274: 3273: 3265: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3232: 3226: 3223: 3216: 3211: 3201: 3197: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3163:Russian mafia 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3100: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2984:gang/company 2983: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2926: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2913: 2912: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2875: 2871: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2820: 2816: 2813: 2810:(1981–1983), 2809: 2805: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2790: 2785: 2784: 2779: 2777: 2776: 2771: 2770: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2749: 2744: 2742: 2737: 2733: 2731: 2730:Like A Dragon 2722: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2694: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2683: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2669: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2657: 2656:The Wolverine 2652: 2651: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2639: 2634: 2633: 2628: 2627: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2608: 2606: 2605: 2604:Dead or Alive 2600: 2599: 2593: 2585: 2584: 2579: 2578: 2577:Drunken Angel 2573: 2568: 2563: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2539: 2531: 2528: 2513: 2510: 2502: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2472:This section 2470: 2461: 2460: 2451: 2448: 2440: 2429: 2426: 2422: 2419: 2415: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2398: – 2397: 2393: 2392:Find sources: 2386: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2370:This section 2368: 2364: 2359: 2358: 2353: 2351: 2344: 2343: 2338: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2318: 2317: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2298: 2291: 2278: 2277:Nomura Satoru 2263: 2262: 2257:liable for a 2256: 2255:Sumiyoshi-kai 2252: 2246: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2228:Outside Japan 2227: 2225: 2223: 2218: 2215: 2209: 2206: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2181:Takaharu Ando 2177: 2174: 2169: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2135: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2113: 2100: 2091: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2020: 2019: 2014: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1995:According to 1993: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1951: 1949: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1911:, and in the 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1847:Tadamasa Goto 1843: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1816: 1811: 1808: 1804: 1803:New York City 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1781:, as well as 1780: 1776: 1772: 1765:United States 1764: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1734: 1732: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1697: 1696:Sanja Matsuri 1692: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1673: 1670: 1664: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1649: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1563: 1554: 1549: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1488: 1487:Sumiyoshi-kai 1485: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1401:Sumiyoshi-kai 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1373: 1360: 1355: 1351: 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Retrieved 3766: 3741: 3737: 3731: 3709:(1): 74–91. 3706: 3703:Global Crime 3702: 3696: 3677: 3671: 3663:the original 3653: 3634: 3628: 3609: 3603: 3567: 3548: 3542: 3530: 3521: 3514:. Retrieved 3510: 3500: 3475: 3471: 3447: 3422: 3419:Global Crime 3418: 3412: 3376: 3370: 3338:(2): 54–56. 3335: 3331: 3321: 3309:. Retrieved 3305: 3296: 3284:. 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Since the 974: 970: 966: 938:jimukyokuchō 930: 919:fuku-kumichō 896: 877: 860: 858: 823: 819: 803:is called a 800: 766: 764: 755: 751: 731: 709: 696: 692: 690: 642: 621: 611: 605: 601: 596: 592: 588: 580: 579: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 546: 542: 538: 536: 515: 514: 503: 493: 487: 480:Yakuza boss 453: 445: 439: 435: 433: 420: 404: 389: 383: 370: 346: 320: 286: 199: 196: 69:17th century 43: 36: 6972:Los Viagras 6940:Gente Nueva 6871:Los Pelones 6861:Gulf Cartel 6801:El Salvador 6753:Los Priscos 6723:Cali Cartel 6718:Bloque Meta 6350:South Korea 6319:(including 6273:Philippines 6243:Sio Sam Ong 6101:Wo Shing Wo 5634:Japan Today 5616:Daily Beast 5532:www.ipl.org 5298:Japan Times 5279:Japan Times 5219:Japan Times 4738:28 February 4492:10 November 3808:28 February 3028:mizu shōbai 2753:protagonist 2723:Video games 2586:-genre film 2583:yakuza eiga 2562:Yakuza film 2295:boss to be 2081:Kyokuto-kai 2077:Inagawa-kai 2024:Inagawa-kai 1982:undertakers 1966:descendants 1901:South Korea 1893:Philippines 1837:.38 caliber 1830:Philippines 1775:Los Angeles 1708:Inagawa-kai 1625:Philippines 1522:Inagawa-kai 1468:Kazuo Taoka 1432:Mon (crest) 1417:Inagawa-kai 1393:Shuji Ogawa 1385:wakagashira 1354:Inagawa-kai 1234:Prefectural 1097:During the 1092:Kazuo Taoka 991:wakagashira 967:wakagashira 866:wakagashira 797:, chairman) 452:, the word 188:Inagawa-kai 7041:Categories 6930:Los Ántrax 6866:Los Metros 6839:Los Negros 6636:Zwi Migdal 6547:Zwi Migdal 6537:Ashkenazum 6440:Đại Cathay 6435:Bình Xuyên 6238:Mamak Gang 6096:Sun Yee On 5996:Al Jazeera 5691:10 October 5640:18 January 5537:13 October 4731:CNN México 4437:Dopeworld. 4379:Shinchosha 4347:The Nikkei 4270:A418089219 4084:Japanorama 4013:Shogakukan 3385:A194486438 3217:References 3158:Punch perm 3148:Ndrangheta 3088:bōryokudan 2840:Film stock 2717:maid cafés 2698:Tokyo Vice 2675:Television 2668:Snake Eyes 2632:Black Rain 2626:The Yakuza 2618:Juzo Itami 2483:improve it 2407:newspapers 2336:improve it 1970:feudal era 1759:CNN México 1507:federation 1342:Ikeda-gumi 1338:Kizuna-kai 1289:, and the 1279:Taishu-kai 1169:Syndicates 1162:Oicho-Kabu 1143:prosthetic 1045:, fathers) 656:Kitakyushu 532:protection 490:Edo period 441:Oicho-Kabu 321:bōryokudan 163:Activities 153:Membership 137:Primarily 121:California 75:Kabukimono 7001:Venezuela 6977:Los Zetas 6876:Los Rojos 6673:Zoe Pound 6669:(Curaçao) 6660:Caribbean 6530:Argentina 6333:Singapore 6156:Indonesia 6123:Snakehead 6116:Shui Fong 6106:Wo Hop To 5928:; Vol 9: 5920:; Vol 8: 5912:; Vol 7: 5904:; Vol 6: 5896:; Vol 5: 5888:; Vol 4: 5880:; Vol 3: 5862:Sanctuary 5791:. 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