58:
33:
300:. It is believed they benefit from loss of reliance on haemoglobin-containing erythrocytes for oxygen transport by having less viscous, more easily pumped blood. They compensate for this loss by having lower metabolic rates, larger gills, scaleless skin that can contribute more to gas exchange, wider capillaries and significantly increased blood volume and cardiac output.
234:
are 17 mm long when they hatch, and grow by about 2 mm a week. The larval stage lasts for up to 18 months during which they feed mainly on krill. They become sexually mature at four years, and normally live up to about eight years, but sometimes as long as twelve. In the
Antarctic autumn,
328:
DeWitt, H. H. & Jean-Claude Hureau. 1979. Fishes collected during "Hero" cruise 72-2 in the Palmer
Archipelago, Antarctica, with the description of two new genera and three new species. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Section A, Zoologie Biologie et Ecologie d’Animal, 4 1(3):
319:
for the park. In
January 2013 the female spawned, and by 7 May the first egg hatched with about 20 more larva in the following two weeks. Previously, live specimens have been held for scientific research elsewhere.
803:
992:
788:
45:
581:"Comparative population genetics of seven notothenioid fish species reveals high levels of gene flow along ocean currents in the southern Scotia Arc, Antarctica"
262:) do not use haemoglobin to transport oxygen around their bodies; instead, the small amount of oxygen that simply dissolves in blood plasma is utilized. In 2011
1018:
749:"The major adult α-globin gene of Antarctic teleosts and its remnants in the hemoglobinless icefishes. Calibration of the mutational clock for nuclear genes"
500:
1126:
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1005:
388:
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propose that an ancestral channichthyid fish lost expression of both genes through a single mutation. Antarctic icefish also have very few
409:
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380:
905:
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1116:
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276:, another member of this family, had almost transparent blood, in contrast to the yellowish blood of other members.
747:
Zhao, Y.; Ratnayake-Lecamwasam, M; Parker, SK; Cocca, E; Camardella, L; Di Prisco, G & Detrich, HW 3rd (1998).
1023:
311:
holds the only captive fish. A male and female pair were donated along with other species by fishermen of the
1088:
623:"When bad things happen to good fish: The loss of hemoglobin and myoglobin expression in Antarctic icefishes"
478:
272:
867:
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226:. They grow up to 52 centimetres (20 in) and average 30 centimetres (12 in). The adults feed on
219:
41:
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up to a depth of 1 km. They are most commonly found on the seabed at 200–400 m. They range from the
919:
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has totally transparent blood "like clear water", after dissecting a specimen. In 1954, Ruud noted that
172:
152:
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479:"World's First Exhibit of Icefish: Antarctic Fish with Colorless Blood─Tokyo Sea Life Park 2011/08/25"
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Damerau, Malte; Matschiner, Michael; Salzburger, Walter & Hanel, Reinhold (2012).
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Ruud, Johan T. (1954). "Vertebrates without erythrocytes and blood pigment".
69:
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884:
804:"Collecting and exhibition of Antarctic organisms at Tokyo Sea Life Park"
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Mesa, M. & Ashford, J. (2008). "Age and growth of ocellated icefish,
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89:
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288:, α1, due to the same 5' truncation of the gene, and have lost the
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migrate to shallow waters to spawn at a depth of 200–300 m. The
865:
857:
Youtube video of a
Chionodraco rastrospinosus at Tokyo Sea Life
501:"Japanese aquarium shows off mysterious fish with clear blood"
289:
240:
440:
DeWitt and Hureau, 1979, from the South
Shetland Islands".
243:
are scattered and hatch six months later around April.
526:
La Mesa, M.; Catalano, B. & Jones, C. D. (2013).
254:
gives oxygenated blood its red colour. Unlike other
874:
668:"Japan aquarium shows mysterious clear-blood fish"
431:
429:
315:krill trawler as part of a programme to collect
621:Sidell, B. D. & Kristin M. O'Brien (2006).
528:"Early life history of the ocellated icefish,
8:
787:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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20:
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258:, fish of the Antarctic icefish family (
389:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
350:
780:
829:"Tokyo Sea Life exhibits rare larvae"
284:both fail to express the major adult
7:
1089:01862D10-48C1-4C29-93FD-B2A164C5A9E2
1063:3AC98A6A-9126-05D7-B6B8-42BCAFE8914E
200:and is known for having transparent
361:. World register of marine species
196:. It lives in the cold waters off
14:
1127:Taxa named by Jean-Claude Hureau
56:
827:Kameda, Masaaki (25 May 2013).
753:Journal of Biological Chemistry
627:Journal of Experimental Biology
499:Warnes, Sophie (5 April 2013).
532:, off the Antarctic Peninsula"
1:
359:"Chionodraco rastrospinosus"
44:. Photo Valerie Loeb of the
1153:
1137:Fish of the Southern Ocean
1122:Taxa named by H. H. DeWitt
906:Chionodraco rastrospinosus
876:Chionodraco rastrospinosus
530:Chionodraco rastrospinosus
438:Chionodraco rastrospinosus
412:Chionodraco rastrospinosus
383:Chionodraco rastrospinosus
192:) is a fish of the family
189:Chionodraco rastrospinosus
162:Chionodraco rastrospinosus
40:A specimen caught off the
25:Chionodraco rastrospinosus
802:Nakamura, Satoshi; Tada.
600:10.1007/s00300-012-1155-x
557:10.1017/S0954102012001095
454:10.1007/s00300-008-0471-7
158:
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53:Scientific classification
51:
39:
30:
23:
766:10.1074/jbc.273.24.14745
422:. February 2013 version.
408:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
273:Chaenocephalus aceratus
1132:Fish described in 1979
339:Wildlife of Antarctica
220:South Shetland Islands
144:C. rastrospinosus
42:South Shetland Islands
324:Original Description
292:gene entirely. Zhao
216:South Orkney Islands
703:1954Natur.173..848R
548:2013AntSc..25..373L
309:Tokyo Sea Life Park
264:Tokyo Sea Life Park
224:Antarctic Peninsula
1117:Fish of Antarctica
1099:
1098:
1045:Open Tree of Life
868:Taxon identifiers
640:10.1242/jeb.02091
536:Antarctic Science
304:Captive specimens
282:C. rastrospinosus
268:C. rastrospinosus
237:C. rastrospinosus
208:C. rastrospinosus
184:ocellated icefish
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260:Channichthyidae
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16:Species of fish
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204:-free blood.
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153:Binomial name
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448:(11): 1333.
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363:. Retrieved
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298:erythrocytes
293:
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247:Blood colour
236:
210:live in the
207:
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130:
24:
18:
1112:Chionodraco
980:iNaturalist
900:Wikispecies
594:(7): 1073.
313:Fukuei-maru
278:C. aceratus
256:vertebrates
252:Haemoglobin
202:haemoglobin
131:Chionodraco
110:Perciformes
1106:Categories
345:References
198:Antarctica
566:129139215
329:775–820.
138:Species:
76:Kingdom:
70:Eukaryota
998:10454790
954:FishBase
946:46573089
891:Q2791029
885:Wikidata
719:13165664
649:16651546
608:13126339
507:. London
462:43155348
419:FishBase
333:See also
290:β-globin
286:α-globin
116:Family:
90:Chordata
86:Phylum:
80:Animalia
66:Domain:
1084:ZooBank
972:2389955
838:24 July
812:8 April
775:9614073
727:3261779
699:Bibcode
674:8 April
544:Bibcode
511:6 April
484:8 April
365:7 April
317:bycatch
222:to the
126:Genus:
106:Order:
96:Class:
1076:234678
1050:220784
1037:234678
1011:642774
985:610070
773:
725:
717:
691:Nature
647:
606:
564:
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294:et al.
235:adult
232:Larvae
175:, 1979
173:Hureau
171:&
169:DeWitt
1071:WoRMS
1058:Plazi
1024:34790
993:IRMNG
933:5XTFX
920:77428
807:(PDF)
723:S2CID
604:S2CID
584:(PDF)
562:S2CID
458:S2CID
228:krill
1032:OBIS
1019:NCBI
1006:ITIS
967:GBIF
915:BOLD
840:2013
814:2013
789:link
771:PMID
715:PMID
676:2013
645:PMID
513:2013
486:2013
367:2013
280:and
241:eggs
182:The
46:NOAA
959:476
941:EoL
928:CoL
761:doi
757:273
707:doi
695:173
635:doi
631:209
596:doi
552:doi
450:doi
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781:{{
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369:.
186:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
