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While
Freedom Day was popular and widely covered, it did not have significant impact in changing the policies of Superintendent Willis. Ultimately, CPS was not moved to integrate after Freedom Day, despite the best efforts of Black activists and the CCCO. Use of Willis Wagons prevailed, and Willis
277:. The Coordinating Council of Community Organizations (CCCO) took the lead, organizing "Freedom Day," the mass boycott and protest. According to the chairman of the CCCO, Lawrence Landry, "The boycott is an effort to communicate dissatisfaction on how schools are being run."
265:, coined the term "Willis Wagons" to describe the mobile classrooms. At one high school, these trailers were used to maintain segregation within the school; black students' classes were held in Willis Wagons, while only white students went to class in the school.
250:. Classes were held in hallways, and there were not enough books for all of the students. Some schools held double shifts, meaning students attended less than a full day of class. Rather than send black students to underpopulated white schools,
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prohibited racial segregation in schools, in 1963, Chicago's public schools continued to be segregated as a result of residential segregation. This was exacerbated by the migration of more black
Americans from the
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himself did not retire until 1966 (albeit four months before the end of his term). However, the size of the first
Freedom Day protest inspired subsequent boycotts in Chicago and the United States.
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This template should only include schools controlled by and/or affiliated with CPS. If a charter school is still in operation but no longer affiliated with CPS, list as a former school.
211:(CPS) on October 22, 1963. More than 200,000 students stayed out of school, and tens of thousands of Chicagoans joined in a protest that culminated in a march to the office of the
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estimated that forty percent of CPS students would participate in the boycott. On
October 22, 1963, nearly half of all CPS students skipped school, leaving schools on Chicago's
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reported that 224,770 students were absent from CPS, amounting to 47 percent of the student population. Some students opted to attend makeshift
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In response to the school segregation enacted by Willis, community members began organizing resistance. Organizers included
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era. School boundary lines were drawn specifically to preserve racial segregation, even as predominantly
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trailers parked in the parking lots and playgrounds of overcrowded schools. Rosie
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Something Better for Our
Children: Black Organizing in Chicago Public Schools, 1963–1971
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320:'s move to Chicago in 1966. Before Freedom Day, in August, 1963, then-college student
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Robinson, Peggy (February 26, 1964). "2 BIG UPSETS: BOYCOTT WINS! CLAY DOES, TOO!".
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370:"50th Anniversary Of 1963 Chicago School Boycott Inspires New Documentary (VIDEO)"
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Morning Shift: Fifty years after the 1963 school boycott, where are we on reform?
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Demand for School
Integration Leads to Massive 1964 Boycott — In New York City
678:"Arrest photo of young activist Bernie Sanders emerges from Tribune archives"
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instead. In addition to the boycott, nearly 10,000 protesters marched in
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462:"Today in history: 200,000 students boycotted Chicago public schools"
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344:"Fifty years ago today, the school boycott that rocked Chicago"
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Facing
Freedom in America, "School Boycott" (Image collection)
611:"Why MLK Encouraged 225,000 Chicago Kids to Cut Class in 1963"
305:, stopping outside the Chicago Board of Education offices.
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1963 anti-segregation protest in Chicago, United States
579:"It's freedom day! expect thousands to participate".
523:"Remembering Chicago's great school boycott of 1963"
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639:"CRCC Organizes Freedom Day Schook For April 17 ".
490:"B.C. Willis, 86; Led Chicago Schools for 13 Years"
203:, was a mass boycott and demonstration against the
594:"224,770 or 47 Pct. of all Pupils, Miss Classes".
702:"The Story Behind Bernie Sanders's 1963 Arrest"
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257:instituted the use of mobile classrooms; 625
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309:kept protesters from entering the building.
1693:Civil rights protests in the United States
1601:Administrative hearing of William McAndrew
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316:The Freedom Day protest inspired Reverend
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1143:Raby School for Community and Environment
781:List of schools in Chicago Public Schools
179:Cleveland Convention Center labor dispute
1723:October 1963 events in the United States
1387:Phoebe A. Hearst Fine Arts Magnet School
598:. October 23, 1963 – via Proquest.
583:. October 22, 1963 – via Proquest.
252:Superintendent of Chicago Public Schools
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643:. March 17, 1964 – via Proquest.
1698:Student protests in the United States
1153:South Shore Int'l College Preparatory
609:Blakemore, Erin (January 15, 2020) .
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1628:Chicago Public High School League
1295:Marine Leadership Academy at Ames
399:"School Boycott | Facing Freedom"
162:Missouri Public Accommodation Act
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460:Russum, Barbara (2012-10-22).
197:Chicago Public Schools boycott
85:Chicago Public Schools boycott
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1371:Lenart Regional Gifted Center
1280:Air Force Academy High School
941:(attendance zone phasing out)
219:, also known as Freedom Day.
80:University of Chicago sit-ins
18:Chicago Public School Boycott
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174:Ohio Civil Rights Act
62:Civil Rights Movement
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581:The Chicago Defender
555:. Psychology Press.
280:The Chicago Defender
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676:Skiba, Katherine.
613:. History Channel.
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376:. October 23, 2013
350:. October 22, 2013
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269:Freedom Day
248:overcrowded
201:Freedom Day
1687:Categories
1473:Near North
1348:Sutherland
1242:Urban Prep
1055:Washington
728:63 Boycott
687:2017-07-13
532:2017-07-13
507:2017-07-13
471:2017-07-18
443:2017-07-12
408:2017-07-12
328:References
285:South Side
1621:President
1035:Steinmetz
1020:Roosevelt
980:Lake View
955:Hyde Park
934:Gage Park
836:Lane Tech
812:Disney II
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1468:McKinley
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919:Farragut
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1478:Robeson
1435:DuSable
1415:Calumet
1328:Clinton
975:Kennedy
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1323:Bell
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