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In
Indonesia, during the summer of 2024, two men were at a drinking party when they entered into a chicken-or-egg debate. One man became so emotionally enraged, he left and returned with a knife, stabbing the other 15 times, killing him. It's uncertain which side - chicken or egg - the killer took.
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eggs specifically, the answer is still the egg, but the explanation is more complicated. The process by which the chicken arose through the interbreeding and domestication of multiple species of wild jungle fowl is poorly understood, and the point at which this evolving organism became a chicken is a
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shell around their eggs. Because OC-17 is expressed by the hen and not the egg, the bird in which the protein first arose, though having hatched from a non-reinforced egg, would then have laid the first egg having such a reinforced shell: the chicken would have preceded this first 'modern' chicken
107:, writing in the fourth century BCE, concluded that this was an infinite sequence, with no true origin. Plutarch, writing four centuries later, specifically highlighted this question as bearing on a "great and weighty problem (whether the world had a beginning)". In the fifth century CE,
71:?" The dilemma stems from the observation that all chickens hatch from eggs and all chicken eggs are laid by chickens. "Chicken-and-egg" is a metaphoric adjective describing situations where it is not clear which of two events should be considered the
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egg—that is, a hard-shelled egg that could be laid on land, rather than remaining in water like the eggs of fish or amphibians—appeared around 312 million years ago. In contrast, chickens are domesticated descendants of
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egg. However, the presence of OC-17 or a homolog in other species, such as turkeys and finches suggests that such eggshell-reinforcing proteins are common to all birds, and thus long predate the first chickens.
118:. In describing the creation of animals, it allows for a first chicken that did not come from an egg. However, later enlightenment philosophers began to question this solution.
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found in modern chicken eggs may make the answer different. In the uterus, chickens produce ovocleidin-17 (OC-17), which causes the formation of the thickened
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By the end of the 16th century, the well-known question seemed to have been regarded as settled in the
Christian world, based on the origin story of the
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166:-chicken) laid a fertilized egg that had DNA making it a modern chicken due to mutations in the mother's ovum, the father's sperm, or the fertilised
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Freeman, Colin L.; Harding, John H.; Quigley, David; Rodger, P. Mark (2010). "Structural
Control of Crystal Nuclei by an Eggshell Protein".
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over time, and thus that chickens had ancestors that were not chickens, similar to a view expressed by the Greek philosopher
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somewhat arbitrary distinction. Whatever criteria one chooses, an animal nearly identical to the modern chicken (i.e., a
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Miao, Y-W; Peng, M-S; Wu, G-S; Ouyang, Y-N; Yang, Z-Y; Yu, N; Liang, J-P; Pianchou, G; Beja-Pereira, A (2012-12-05).
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This article is about the philosophical dilemma. For the dish combining both chicken meat and eggs, see
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630:"The calcified eggshell matrix proteome of a songbird, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)"
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The question represents an ancient folk paradox addressing the problem of origins and
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A Brief
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If the question refers to eggs in general, the egg came first. The first
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and probably arose little more than eight thousand years ago, at most.
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in the mid 17th-century published an erudite satire on the subject.
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714:"Indonesian man stabs friend to death over chicken or egg debate"
263:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 106.
513:"Finally answered! Which came first, the chicken or the egg?"
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posed the question as a philosophical matter in his essay "
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is commonly stated as the question, "which came first: the
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Benton, Michael J.; Donoghue, Philip C. J. (2007-01-01).
333:"Now You Know: Which Came First, the Chicken or the Egg?"
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Although the question is typically used metaphorically,
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Experts apply new technique to crack egg shell problem
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Hincke, Maxwell T.; Nys, Yves; Gautron, Joel (2010).
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Cicalata sopra chi fosse prima o la gallina o l'ouovo
681:"The Role of Matrix Proteins in Eggshell Formation"
372:"Paleontological Evidence to Date the Tree of Life"
360:, by Carlo Dati, Presse Settembre, Naples, 1840.
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297:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.
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232:"Essays and Miscellanies, by Plutarch"
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75:and which should be considered the
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482:"The Egg came before the chicken"
737:Beschizza, Rob (1 August 2024).
712:Sharma, Shweta (30 July 2024).
377:Molecular Biology and Evolution
260:The Demiurge in Ancient Thought
685:The Journal of Poultry Science
543:Zushi, Yo (27 February 2017).
511:Breyer, Melissa (2013-02-11).
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771:(in Indonesian). 27 July 2024
331:Fabry, Merrill (2016-09-21).
142:when addressing the paradox.
853:Metaphors referring to birds
566:. NBCnews.com. 14 July 2010.
257:O'Brien, Carl SĂ©an (2015).
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157:If the question refers to
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480:Sorensen, Roy A. (1992).
201:Bootstrapping (compilers)
628:Mann, Karlheinz (2015).
498:10.1093/mind/101.403.541
596:10.1186/1477-5956-11-40
18:Chicken and egg problem
818:10.1002/anie.201000679
289:Sorensen, Roy (2003).
126:Scientific resolutions
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863:Philosophical phrases
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27:Philosophical paradox
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547:. NewStatesman.com.
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