286:
321:
By the early 20th century it was clear the language was in decline, and when in 1926 Franz Termer visited the community of
Chicomucelo, he reported finding only three individuals (all over 60 years of age) who could speak Chicomuceltec, out of a township of approximately 2,500. The Chicomuceltec
256:
Chicomuceltec's relationship with Wastek was established in the late 1930s (Kroeber 1939), which concluded via word-list comparisons with other Mayan languages that it bore a higher degree of affinity with Wastek than other Mayan language branches.
389:
As described by
Dienhart (1997), the manuscript was reproduced in Zimmermann 1955 (whose research it was which uncovered the document), accompanied by his linguistic analysis of its contents.
218:
literature finding that there are no living native speakers. Communities of contemporary
Chicomucelteco descendants, numbering approximately 1500 people in Mexico and 100 in Guatemala are
1444:
245:
The
Chicomuceltec language was first documented in modern linguistic literature as a distinct language in the late 19th century, where it appeared in an account published by linguist
1439:
672:
506:
438:
832:
1434:
927:
277:
confession, the manuscript contains eight sentences written in
Chicomuceltec. It also mentions that the language was then referred to as "Cotoque".
1419:
794:
297:
The geographical distribution of Wastek and
Chicomuceltec in relation to the rest of the Mayan languages —with Wastek centered on the northern
884:. Braunschweig, Germany: Deutschen Gesellschaft für Völkerkunde; Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte: 59–87.
817:
835:, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Programa de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias sobre Mesoamérica y el Sureste: 133–167.
723:
266:
770:
740:
599:
356:
The work in question is Sapper 1897, with later expansions to the material appearing in Sapper 1912; as cited in
Dienhart (1997),
1414:
556:
1429:
728:
587:
582:
Fernández de
Miranda, María Teresa (1968). "Inventory of Classificatory Materials". In Norman A. McQuown (Volume ed.) (ed.).
920:
621:
360:
515:
447:
61:
717:
Miles, S. W. (1971). "Summary of
Preconquest Ethnology of the Guatemala-Chiapas Highlands and Pacific Slopes". In
732:
591:
195:
1144:
876:
1424:
913:
622:"The history of the Nawa language group from the earliest times to the sixteenth century: some initial results"
1098:
1379:
1307:
1063:
1057:
1118:
451:
302:
1260:
225:
Chicomuceltec was formerly sometimes called
Cakchiquel Mam, although it is only distantly related to the
1372:
1348:
1046:
1010:
646:
305:— led Kroeber to also propose that Chicomuceltec was either a remnant population left behind after the
1291:
1270:
1365:
1031:
298:
456:
1312:
969:
944:
818:"Contácto Lingüístico dentro del área maya: los casos del ixhil, el qʼeqchiiʼ y del chikomuselteko"
627:. Revised March 2001. Project for the Documentation of the Languages of Mesoamerica. Archived from
106:
1265:
1240:
852:
705:
543:
485:
226:
182:
1160:
313:
region, or alternatively represented a return of a Huastec subgroup to their earlier homelands.
347:
See Gordon (2005) for population estimates, which draw on sources collected in the early 1980s.
1322:
1317:
1226:
1200:
1139:
1051:
1005:
984:
893:
885:
844:
836:
813:
776:
766:
746:
736:
697:
689:
667:
605:
595:
560:
535:
527:
477:
469:
433:
310:
274:
73:
1286:
1185:
1084:
1079:
959:
681:
617:
519:
461:
289:
Map showing one migratory proposal for the early split of Wastek and Chicomuceltec from the
219:
211:
191:
81:
38:
1134:
936:
659:
364:
234:
101:
93:
72:
several communities in the Fronteriza and Sierra demographic regions of the southeastern
724:
Handbook of Middle American Indians, Vol. 2: Archaeology of Southern Mesoamerica, Part I
1395:
1340:
989:
806:
Proceedings of the Twenty-Third International Congress of Americanists (New York, 1928)
306:
177:
152:
1408:
1255:
1205:
1113:
718:
709:
564:
547:
497:
489:
1221:
230:
338:
See Campbell and Canger (1978); Ethnologue entry on "Chicomuceltec" (Gordon 2005).
273:
is the oldest-known testament of the Chicomuceltec language. Taking the form of a
788:
758:
290:
250:
246:
187:
680:(4). Baltimore, MD: Published at Waverly Press by Indiana University: 159–160.
763:
Das nördliche Mittel-Amerika nebst einem Ausflug nach dem Hochland von Anahuac
628:
501:
889:
848:
840:
693:
531:
473:
357:
780:
518:, in cooperation with the Conference on American Indian Languages: 228–230.
481:
400:
207:
145:
129:
57:
897:
701:
539:
750:
609:
285:
136:
874:
Zimmermann, Günther (1955). "Cotoque. Die Maya-Sprache von Chicomucelo".
414:
322:
speakers themselves conducted their day-to-day conversations in Spanish.
215:
199:
53:
203:
49:
380:
of Kroeber 1939, appearing in Fernández de Miranda (1968), pp.74–75.
685:
523:
465:
905:
284:
270:
909:
765:(in German). Braunschweig, Germany: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn.
265:
A two-page document dated to 1775 which was retrieved from the
857:
804:
Termer, Franz (1930). "Über die Mayasprache von Chicomucelo".
670:(1939). "The historical position of Chicomuceltec in Mayan".
584:
Handbook of Middle American Indians, Vol. 5: Linguistics
1357:
1339:
1300:
1279:
1248:
1239:
1214:
1193:
1184:
1177:
1153:
1127:
1106:
1097:
1072:
1039:
1030:
1023:
998:
977:
968:
943:
143:
127:
122:
90:
80:
68:
45:
33:
21:
301:away from the others lying south and east of the
76:; isolated villages across the Guatemalan border
1445:20th-century disestablishments in North America
791:(1912). "Über einige Sprachen von Südchiapas".
557:"The Mayan Languages- A Comparative Vocabulary"
921:
831:. San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mex.:
673:International Journal of American Linguistics
507:International Journal of American Linguistics
439:International Journal of American Linguistics
180:formerly spoken in the region defined by the
16:Extinct Mayan language of southeastern Mexico
8:
1245:
1190:
1181:
1103:
1036:
1027:
974:
928:
914:
906:
18:
455:
412:Termer (1930), as annotated in Dienhart,
833:Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
504:(1978). "Chicomuceltec's last throes".
436:(2004). "Proto-Mayan Syllable Nuclei".
331:
795:International Congress of Americanists
655:
644:
1440:Languages extinct in the 20th century
37:
7:
1435:Extinct languages of North America
210:. By the 1970s–80s it had become
206:, as well as some nearby areas of
14:
267:Bibliothèque nationale de France
793:Proceedings of the Seventeenth
358:"Data sources listed by author"
1420:Indigenous languages of Mexico
808:(in German). pp. 926–936.
799:(in German). pp. 295–320.
1:
516:University of Chicago Press
448:University of Chicago Press
249:of his travels in northern
1461:
877:Zeitschrift für Ethnologie
731:(General Editor). Austin:
590:(General Editor). Austin:
555:Dienhart, John M. (1997).
1389:
816:; Cecil H. Brown (2002).
733:University of Texas Press
592:University of Texas Press
309:migration north from the
281:Geographical distribution
214:, with recent reports in
196:Amatenango de la Frontera
39:[tʃikomuselˈteko]
26:
261:Historical documentation
1415:Agglutinative languages
233:, being much closer to
1430:Mesoamerican languages
654:Cite journal requires
398:Fernández de Miranda,
317:Decline and extinction
303:Isthmus of Tehuantepec
294:
1128:Qʼanjobʼalan–Jakaltek
288:
241:History and genealogy
735:. pp. 275–287.
721:(Volume ed.) (ed.).
568:(electronic version)
1099:Qʼanjobalan–Chujean
825:Pueblos y Fronteras
62:Huehuetenango Dept.
668:Kroeber, Alfred L.
594:. pp. 63–78.
514:(3). Chicago, IL:
446:(2). Chicago, IL:
363:2016-08-21 at the
295:
1402:
1401:
1396:extinct languages
1380:Classical Kʼicheʼ
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1235:
1234:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1093:
1092:
1019:
1018:
618:Kaufman, Terrence
561:Odense University
432:Brown, Cecil H.;
311:Chiapas highlands
299:Gulf Coast region
159:
158:
74:Chiapas highlands
1452:
1246:
1241:Greater Quichean
1191:
1182:
1104:
1037:
1032:Cholan–Tzeltalan
1028:
999:Yucatec–Lacandon
975:
960:Huastec (Wastek)
930:
923:
916:
907:
901:
870:
868:
867:
861:
851:. Archived from
822:
809:
800:
784:
754:
719:Gordon R. Willey
713:
663:
657:
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563:. Archived from
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418:
410:
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396:
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381:
374:
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354:
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307:Huastec people's
235:Wastek (Huastec)
192:Mazapa de Madero
155:
139:
132:
96:
41:
19:
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1425:Mayan languages
1405:
1404:
1403:
1398:
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1327:
1296:
1275:
1249:Quichean proper
1231:
1210:
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1123:
1089:
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1015:
994:
964:
939:
937:Mayan languages
934:
904:
873:
865:
863:
860:online reprint)
855:
820:
814:Wichmann, Søren
812:
803:
787:
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457:10.1.1.535.6756
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365:Wayback Machine
355:
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337:
333:
328:
319:
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263:
243:
172:; archaically,
151:
135:
128:
118:
97:
94:Language family
92:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1458:
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1341:Mixed language
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827:(in Spanish).
810:
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741:
714:
686:10.1086/463837
664:
656:|journal=
614:
600:
579:
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524:10.1086/465548
498:Campbell, Lyle
494:
466:10.1086/424553
434:Søren Wichmann
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275:Roman Catholic
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178:Mayan language
170:Chicomucelteco
166:Chikomuselteko
157:
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125:
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123:Language codes
120:
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46:Native to
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35:
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28:Chikomuselteko
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1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:Mamean proper
1213:
1207:
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1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1176:
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1154:Mototzintleco
1152:
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954:Chicomuceltec
951:
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919:
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908:
899:
895:
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887:
883:
880:(in German).
879:
878:
872:
862:on 2007-09-30
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772:9780520248120
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742:0-292-73260-0
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648:
634:on 2020-01-19
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603:
601:0-292-73665-7
597:
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589:
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570:on 2006-12-08
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162:Chicomuceltec
154:
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147:
142:
138:
134:
131:
126:
121:
113:
112:Chicomuceltec
110:
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104:
103:
99:
95:
89:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
54:Chiapas state
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
34:Pronunciation
32:
29:
25:
22:Chicomuceltec
20:
1391:
1378:
1373:Classic Maya
1371:
1364:
1349:Cauque Mayan
1056:
1011:Yucatec Maya
953:
952:
881:
875:
864:. Retrieved
853:the original
828:
824:
805:
792:
789:Sapper, Karl
762:
759:Sapper, Karl
722:
677:
671:
647:cite journal
636:. Retrieved
629:the original
583:
572:. Retrieved
565:the original
511:
505:
443:
437:
413:
408:
399:
394:
385:
377:
372:
352:
343:
334:
320:
296:
264:
255:
244:
224:
181:
173:
169:
165:
161:
160:
144:
111:
27:
1366:Proto-Mayan
1318:Sipakapense
729:R. Wauchope
588:R. Wauchope
450:: 128–186.
293:"homeland".
291:Proto-Mayan
251:Mesoamerica
247:Karl Sapper
188:Chicomuselo
1409:Categories
1313:Sakapultek
1145:Qʼanjobʼal
1119:Tojolabʼal
978:Mopan–Itza
866:2007-01-09
638:2008-04-03
574:2006-12-15
502:Una Canger
425:References
227:Cakchiquel
222:speakers.
183:municipios
1394:indicate
1292:Poqomchiʼ
1271:Tzʼutujil
1266:Kaqchikel
1073:Tzeltalan
970:Yucatecan
945:Huastecan
890:0044-2666
849:164600251
841:1870-4115
710:143959269
694:0020-7071
548:144743316
532:0020-7071
490:145562022
474:0020-7071
452:CiteSeerX
401:loc. cit.
253:1888–95.
208:Guatemala
146:Glottolog
130:ISO 639-3
107:Huastecan
86:1970s–80s
58:Guatemala
1323:Uspantek
1227:Tektitek
1201:Awakatek
1140:Jakaltek
1064:Chʼortiʼ
1058:Chʼoltiʼ
1006:Lacandon
781:70337620
761:(1897).
620:(2001).
482:98981737
415:op. cit.
361:Archived
216:Mayanist
153:chic1271
1392:Italics
1358:History
1308:Qʼeqchi
1287:Poqomam
1261:Kʼicheʼ
1194:Ixilean
1178:Eastern
1107:Chujean
1085:Tzotzil
1080:Tzeltal
1047:Chontal
1024:Western
898:1770462
702:1753556
540:1753556
220:Spanish
212:extinct
200:Chiapas
176:) is a
174:Cotoque
82:Extinct
1301:others
1186:Mamean
1161:Mochoʼ
1135:Akatek
896:
888:
847:
839:
797:(1910)
779:
769:
751:277126
749:
739:
708:
700:
692:
610:277126
608:
598:
546:
538:
530:
488:
480:
472:
454:
378:précis
204:Mexico
194:, and
164:(also
69:Region
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