Supreme Court of California

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California Constitution of 1849 authorized the Court to publish all opinions that it "may deem expedient," and the current California Constitution of 1879 authorizes the Court to publish all opinions that it "deems appropriate." In 1850, a statute was enacted directing the Supreme Court to publish opinions in all cases, but in 1855, the Court began to direct that some opinions should not be reported, and this procedure was retroactively approved by the legislature in an 1860 statute. Over 1,800 unreported opinions were filed by the Court over the next 25 years (which includes the 700 unreported opinions filed by the commissioners). The

2904: 1975:, and has switched to permanent staff attorneys. Justices Goodwin Liu and Leondra Kruger, however, have returned to the traditional use of recent law school graduates as one-year clerks for some of their staff positions. The Court has about 85 staff attorneys, some of whom are attached to particular justices; the rest are shared as a central staff. The advantage to this system is that the reduced turnover of staff attorneys (versus the traditional system of rotating through new law clerks every year) has improved the efficiency of the court in dealing with complex cases, particularly death penalty cases. 3384: 1588: 1233:) where all members of the Court recused themselves on a petition for review by retired Court of Appeal justices on a matter involving those justices' salaries (that apparently involved matters up to and including the 2016–2017 fiscal year), the Court ordered that six superior court judges be selected from the pool that took office after July 1, 2017, to serve as the substitute justices for the six sitting justices, with the senior judge among that group serving as the acting Chief Justice; that acting Supreme Court eventually denied the petition for review. 2010:

and forth between serving as elected justices and unelected commissioners. After two more decades of debate, the state legislature recognized that the state needed to establish intermediate appellate courts and referred the issue to the electorate. In November 1904, Senate Constitutional Amendment No. 2 was approved by the state's voters, which abolished the Supreme Court Commission and created the California Courts of Appeal. All five commissioners were promptly appointed in 1905 to serve among the original nine justices of the Courts of Appeal.

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their staff attorneys have already studied the briefs, formulated their respective positions, and circulated draft opinions. Then, after the matter is formally "argued and submitted" before the Court, the justices can polish and file their opinions well before reaching the 90-day deadline. This differs sharply from the practice in all other federal and state appellate courts, where judges can schedule oral argument not long after written briefing is finished, but then may take many months (or even a year) after oral argument to file their opinions.

47: 1193: 2078: 1633: 356: 1851: 1678: 3284: 3264: 3224: 3024: 3004: 2001:, the commissioners openly signed their opinions. Each of the approximately 4,400 appeals (3,700 reported, 700 unreported) handled by the commissioners was resolved by an opinion signed by one commissioner with the concurrence of two others. The opinions always ended in a recommended disposition, such as: "We find no error in the record and the judgment should be affirmed." Originally, this was followed by a one-line unsigned 3144: 3064: 3418: 6136: 3404: 3244: 3204: 2944: 2453:(1976): The Court held that mental health professionals have a duty to protect individuals who are being threatened with bodily harm by a patient. The original 1974 decision mandated warning the threatened individual, but a 1976 rehearing resulted in a decision calling for a "duty to protect" the intended victim, which did not necessarily require that a potential victim be informed of the threat. 3304: 2824: 2246: 3184: 3124: 3344: 2984: 2884: 2864: 2844: 1618: 3324: 1923:

ask the Chief Justice to reassign the case to someone in the majority. The Court then hears oral arguments and, immediately afterwards, meet alone to vote. The California Constitution requires suspension of the justices' salaries if the Court fails to then file a decision within 90 days. The Court issues unanimous opinions in 77% of cases, compared to 43% by the

3084: 5032: 2964: 3164: 2924: 1189:) by the Court sitting as a whole. During the late 1920s, the court gradually transitioned to routinely hearing all appeals in bank, apart from two unusual exceptions in 1941 when it again tried to sit in departments. The 1966 formal abolition of the department system merely confirmed how the court had been actually operating for quite some time. 1899:, plus 40 additional petitions from inmates already on death row. In an average year the Court will decide to hear 83 cases and will be required to hear appeals from 20 new inmates joining death row. Each week, the Court votes on 150 to 300 petitions, paying special attention to a staff-recommended "A list" as well as to 1663: 1648: 2054:(although suspensions longer than three years must be independently decided upon by the Court). California's bar is the largest in the U.S. with 210,000 members, of whom 160,000 are practicing. In 2018 and in 2023, the Court issued reform directives regarding corrupt practices within the State Bar of California. 1919:). The Court hears oral argument at least one week per month, 10 months each year (except July and August). It has been headquartered in San Francisco since 1874. Since 1878, it has regularly heard oral argument each year at San Francisco (four months), Los Angeles (four months), and Sacramento (two months). 3364: 2597:. Because the constitutional provisions of Proposition 218 were of equal dignity to the separation of powers doctrine, it no longer justified allowing a local agency to usurp the judicial function of interpreting and applying the constitutional provisions that governed assessments under Proposition 218. 2201:

justices indicate the author of an opinion and who has "joined" the opinion at the start of the opinion, California justices always sign a majority opinion at the end, followed by "WE CONCUR," and then the names of the joining justices. California judges are traditionally not supposed to use certain

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reasons given) and requiring California judges to certify in writing every month that no matter submitted for consideration had been outstanding for more than 90 days, or else they will not be paid. To comply with the latter provision, the Court does not schedule oral argument until the justices and

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Oral argument was mandatory only for in bank hearings of appeals, which meant that many appeals were decided by three-justice departments on the briefs alone. However, the state constitution required department decisions to be unanimous to produce a final judgment. Any dissent automatically triggered

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Throughout the year (including July and August), the justices have a conference every Wednesday the Court is not hearing oral argument, with the exception of the last week, respectively, of November and December (Thanksgiving and New Year's). New opinions are published online on Monday and Thursday

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The California Supreme Court has handed down important and influential decisions since 1850. Some of the most significant of these important and influential Court decisions are listed below in date ascending order. Most of the Court decisions that follow were landmark decisions that were among the

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personnel at the Court's request indicate that the decisions of the Supreme Court of California are by far the most followed of any state supreme court in the United States. Between 1940 and 2005, 1,260 decisions of the Court were expressly followed by out-of-state courts (meaning that those courts

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The procedure for when all justices recuse themselves from a case has varied over time. For a 1992 case, the chief justice requested the presiding justice of a Court of Appeal district (different from the one where the case originated) to select six other Court of Appeal justices from his district,

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makes no sense. The decisions of this court are binding upon and must be followed by all the state courts of California. Decisions of every division of the District Courts of Appeal are binding upon all the justice and municipal courts and upon all the superior courts of this state, and this is so

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Except for one decade at its founding, the Court has never been required by constitutional or statutory law to publish all its opinions. The Court currently chooses to publish all opinions as a matter of public policy, as disclosed in rule 8.1105(a) of the California Rules of Court. The original

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The commissioners were only partially successful in reducing the chronic backlog. The Commission was also subject to heavy criticism as an unelected "auxiliary court". Attorneys who enjoyed appellate work but had difficulty holding onto judicial seats in partisan elections repeatedly bounced back

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In retrospect, the commissioners can be seen as an important precursor of the law clerks and staff attorneys which the Court began to hire in the 1930s. In contrast to modern practice, where appellate justices are expected to take ownership of the opinions to which they sign their names and staff

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During its first half-century of operation, the Court struggled to keep up with its soaring caseload and very frequently fell behind, until the California Courts of Appeal were created in 1904. This resulted in provisions in the 1879 Constitution requiring the Court to decide all cases in writing

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According to Justice Liu, when a case is granted review, the Chief Justice assigns the case to a justice, who, after the parties finish briefing, then prepares a draft opinion. Each justice writes a preliminary response to the draft opinion, and if the assigned justice is in the minority, she may

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To fill a vacant position, the Governor must first submit a candidate's name to the Commission on Judicial Nominees Evaluation of the State Bar of California, which prepares and returns a thorough, confidential evaluation of the candidate. Next, the Governor officially nominates the candidate, who

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If a nominee is confirmed to fill a vacancy that arose partway through a judicial term, the justice must stand for retention during the next gubernatorial election. Voters then determine whether to retain the justice for the remainder of the judicial term. At the term's conclusion, justices must

4254:(Justice Van R. Paterson) grew weary of having to swear to affidavits to the effect that the hundred and one cases under his notice had been disposed of within the statutory ninety days after submission; a proceeding necessary among Supreme Court Justices before one cent of salary can be touched 2025:

started to collect and publish the Court's unreported opinions at its launch in 1883, and then the Court gave in and switched back to publication of all opinions. A small group of lawyers later recovered and compiled all the unreported opinions filed by the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court

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In March 1885, the state legislature authorized the creation of the Supreme Court Commission to help with the Court's overwhelming backlog of pending appeals. The justices were initially allowed to hire three commissioners. Since oral argument was not mandatory except for in bank hearings of

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The state's high court over the past 20 years has won a reputation as perhaps the most innovative of the state judiciaries, setting precedents in areas of criminal justice, civil liberties, racial integration, and consumer protection that heavily influence other states and the federal

3990:, 25 Cal. 3d 479 (1979), judges were selected by lot to serve on the panel after all of the Supreme Court justices recused themselves: "The Chief Justice assigned six Court of Appeal justices, who were selected by lot pursuant to an order by the Supreme Court, to act on the petition." 2465:

founded purely upon meretricious sexual services. In other words, even though California does not recognize common law marriage, persons who cohabit for long periods of time and commingle their assets are allowed to plead and prove marriage-like contracts for support and division of

1229:), seven justices of the Courts of Appeal were selected based on the regular rotational basis, not from the same district, with the most senior one serving as the acting chief justice, and that acting supreme court eventually denied the writ petition. In a yet more recent case ( 2406:(1972): The Court relied upon the state constitutional clause prohibiting "cruel or unusual punishment" (note the difference from the federal Constitution's "cruel and unusual punishment" clause) to abolish capital punishment in California. The state electorate promptly 288:

According to the California Constitution, to be considered for appointment, as with any California judge, a person must be an attorney admitted to practice in California or have served as a judge of a California court for 10 years immediately preceding the appointment.

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over all cases reviewed by the Courts of Appeal; the latter were created by a 1904 constitutional amendment to relieve the Supreme Court of most of its workload so the Court could then focus on dealing with non-frivolous appeals that involved important issues of law.

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an in bank hearing. After a constitutional amendment in 1966, the Court currently sits in bank (all seven together) when hearing all appeals. When there is an open seat on the court, or if a justice recuses himself or herself on a given case, justices from the

4053: 2593:("Right to Vote on Taxes Act") case that courts must exercise their independent judgment in reviewing local agency legislative decisions adopting special assessments. The highly deferential standard of review before Proposition 218 became law was grounded in 3649:

whether or not the superior court is acting as a trial or appellate court. Courts exercising inferior jurisdiction must accept the law declared by courts of superior jurisdiction. It is not their function to attempt to overrule decisions of a higher court."

305:. The Commission holds a public hearing and if satisfied with the nominee's qualifications, confirms the nomination. The nominee can then immediately fill an existing vacancy, or replace a departing justice at the beginning of the next judicial term. 1184:

Between 1879 and 1966, the court was divided by the state constitution into two three-justice panels, Department One and Department Two. The chief justice divided cases evenly between the panels and also decided which cases would be heard "in bank"

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to succeed her; while this first female majority later ended with the 2017 retirement of Werdegar and appointment of Groban by Brown to succeed her, a second female majority was later established in 2022, upon the swearing-in of Guerrero to replace

593: 2623:(2018): The Court abandoned the Control Test for the ABC Test and first ruled gig economy workers to be employees. Chief Justice Cantil-Sakauye penned this landmark decision. It led to AB5 which made it formalized and retroactive at the same time. 2005:

in the name of "The Court," such as: "For the reasons given in the foregoing opinion the judgment is affirmed." Starting in 1892, the three justices who reviewed and summarily adopted each commissioners' opinion began to also sign their names.

1603: 2194:, 18 Cal. 3d 660, 557 P.2d 106, 134 Cal. Rptr. 815 (1976), in Bluebook style. The California citation style, however, has always been the norm of common law jurisdictions outside the United States, including England, Canada and Australia. 2429:(1974): The Court held that criminal defendants have a right to access the arresting officer's personnel file when the defendant alleges in an affidavit that the officer used excessive force or lied about the circumstances of the arrest. 4417:

The result was that the Department One justices soon became unable to make the monthly constitutional (Art. VI, Sec. 24) affidavit that no cases submitted longer than 90 days remained undecided, without which they could not draw their

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does not apply, and any new rules articulated will not be applied in future cases. Similarly, the California Supreme Court has the power to "publish" opinions by the California Courts of Appeal which were initially not published.

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California Unreported Cases: Being Those Determined in the Supreme Court and the District Courts of Appeal of the State of California, But Not Officially Reported, with Annotations Showing Their Present Value as Authority, Volume

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and under such scrutiny, laws prohibiting same-sex marriage are unconstitutional under the state constitution. The state electorate overturned the marriage portion of the decision that same year by enacting a popular initiative,

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ungrammatical terms in their opinions, which has led to embarrassing fights between judges and the editor of the state's official reporters. California has traditionally avoided the use of certain French and Latin phrases like

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publishing certain "unpublished" opinions at all in the federal case reporters). This means that even though the opinion has already been published in the official state reporters, it will be binding only upon the parties.

277:. The Court was expanded to five justices in 1862. Under the current 1879 constitution, the Court expanded to six associate justices and one chief justice, for the current total of seven. The justices are appointed by the 4241: 3690: 3752: 5753: 4049: 2167:

both fall under the Court's jurisdiction. Thus, the Court has decided a number of cases by, between, and against such companies, as well as several cases involving Hollywood celebrities and high-tech executives.

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system from the federal courts and many other state courts. California citations have the year between the names of the parties and the reference to the case reporter, as opposed to the national standard (the

4513: 4013:(1992). All members of the Supreme Court recused themselves from the appeal of the First District's decision, so the Third District sat as an "acting" Supreme Court and gave the final opinion in the case. 2290:

case has been described as “containing some of the most offensive racial rhetoric to be found in the annals of California appellate jurisprudence” and “the worst statutory interpretation case in history.”

4358: 4339: 2286:(1854): A case which held that Chinese persons may not testify against a white man, even if the white man is accused of murdering a Chinese person; effectively overturned by state law in 1873. The 1221:

and they formed an acting Supreme Court for the purpose of deciding that one case. However, in a later case where all members of the Court recused themselves when Governor Schwarzenegger sought a

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could be conditionally received by a trial court to determine if a contract was ambiguous when not ambiguous on its face. This decision has not been followed by the courts of any other state.

4479: 2643: 1760: 1351: 1950:, now in its fifth series; note that the series number changes whenever the publisher changes, although the most recent changeover to the fifth series did not involve a change in reporter. 598: 4027: 5333: 2540:(2001): The Court held that in the absence of a legally recognized method of determining who should make medical decisions on the behalf of an incompetent patient, the constitutional 4283: 1993:

appeals, the justices began to assign cases to the commissioners which could likely be resolved on the briefs alone. The number of commissioners was expanded in five in 1889.

381: 4233: 1904: 3686: 6172: 3777: 3744: 2633: 2449: 919: 618: 3722: 683: 3043: 6596: 5313: 2050:. All lawyer admissions are done through recommendations of the State Bar, which then must be ratified by the Supreme Court, and attorney discipline is delegated to the 5318: 2528: 2407: 1152: 6543: 4502: 2619: 387: 3888: 1883:, although the Court has sponsored a state constitutional amendment to allow it to assign death penalty appeals to the California Courts of Appeal. The Court has 1934:

The Court is one of the few U.S. courts apart from the U.S. Supreme Court that enjoys the privilege of having its opinions routinely published in three hardcover

2704:, Chief Justice (1964–1970), Associate Justice (1940–1964) (Well-respected legal scholar; generally regarded as the greatest justice in the history of the Court) 4312: 857: 4705: 4679: 4355: 4336: 3446: 309:

again undergo a statewide retention election for a full 12-year term. If a majority votes "no", the seat becomes vacant and may be filled by the Governor.

5061: 6591: 3644:, all tribunals exercising inferior jurisdiction are required to follow decisions of courts exercising superior jurisdiction. Otherwise, the doctrine of 2775: 2521: 2366:(NIED) beyond its traditional form, which historically had been limited to plaintiffs standing in the same "zone of danger" as a relative who was killed. 2363: 2133: 786: 603: 4577: 6473: 1772: 1529: 872: 1915:

The Court is open for business year-round (as opposed to operating only during scheduled "terms" as is commonplace in jurisdictions that observe the

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Itir Yakar, "Unseen Staff Attorneys Anchor State's Top Court: Institution's System of Permanent Employees Means Workers Can Outlast the Justices,"

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The State Bar of California, a mandatory bar, is the largest in the nation, with 210,000 members— almost a quarter of the nation's lawyers.

2779: 1118: 1112: 924: 862: 739: 3927: 3574:"California's First Judicial Staff Attorneys: The Surprising Role That Commissioners Played, 1885–1905, in Creating the Courts of Appeal" 2220:, so California judges and attorneys use "in bank," "review," and "mandate" instead (though "in bank" has become quite rare after 1974). 336:

to Chief Justice and appoint three new associate justices (one to replace Lucas in his old post and two to replace Reynoso and Grodin).

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Gubernatorial nomination and confirmation by Chief Justice, Attorney General and a senior presiding judge of the Court of Appeal

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Each justice has five assigned chambers attorneys. Since the late 1980s, the Court has turned away from the traditional use of

1074: 1042: 760: 668: 651: 2730:, Chief Justice (1977–1987) (First woman appointed to the Court; only Chief Justice ever not to be retained by the electorate) 5981: 5961: 5861: 5763: 5665: 5355: 5345: 3436: 2486: 2043: 947: 907: 298: 4154: 4122: 3961: 3627: 2398:(1969): The Court held the state's criminal statute prohibiting abortions to be unconstitutionally vague, in a 4-3 decision. 4006: 3383: 2308:(1944): Then-Associate Justice Roger Traynor suggested in a now-famous concurring opinion that the Court should dispose of 1801:

The court first had a female majority from 2011 to 2017. This majority had been achieved in 2011 after Republican Governor

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does not limit an individual's right to bring civil action for deprivation of rights in cases of excessive use of force.

2384:(1968): The Court abolished the old distinctions between different types of persons entering land and imposed a general 2223:

Finally, the Court has the power to "depublish" opinions by the Courts of Appeal (as opposed to the federal practice of

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when it was clear that one of two defendants must have caused the plaintiff's injury, but it was not clear which one.

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and the California Commission on Judicial Performance, and also supervises California's legal profession through the

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shopping centers. The U.S. Supreme Court in turn held that the state supreme court's decision did not amount to a

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According to research by Justice Goodwin Liu, each year the Court has averaged 5,200 petitions for writs of

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in which the Supreme Court said the legislature cannot require the court to issue opinions in writing.

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Joann Lublin, "Trailblazing Bench: California High Court Often Points the Way for Judges Elsewhere,"

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The California Supreme Court and all lower California state courts use a different writing style and

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Friedenberg, Albert M. (1902). "Solomon Heydenfeldt: A Jewish Jurist Of Alabama and California".

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mornings at 10 a.m. Paper copies also become available through the clerk's office at that time.

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are assigned by the chief justice to join the court for individual cases on a rotational basis.

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Collectively, California's Supreme Court and Courts of Appeal employ over 400 staff attorneys.

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hostile to plaintiffs which more generally limited the scope of recovery for both the tort of

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Commission before that point, which were published in a separate seven-volume reporter called

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with reasons given (to get rid of minor cases, it had often given summary dispositions with

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expressly found the Court's reasoning persuasive and applied it to the cases before them).

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The electorate has occasionally exercised the power not to retain justices. Chief Justice

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Lee, Blewett (1899). "The Constitutional Power of the Courts Over Admission to the Bar".

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must then be evaluated by the Commission on Judicial Appointments, which consists of the

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Took office as Chief Justice on January 2, 2023 after being elevated by Governor Newsom.

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Many important legal concepts have been pioneered or developed by the Court, including

1834: 1829:(another Schwarzenegger appointee). When Kennard retired in 2014, Democratic Governor 1669: 1639: 1609: 1494: 1406: 1316: 999: 882: 765: 688: 1775:), and three from law schools at out-of-state private universities (Liu and Kruger at 1677: 6580: 6181: 6091: 5956: 5743: 5705: 5655: 5580: 5530: 5505: 5500: 5450: 5415: 3640: 3277: 3257: 3177: 3117: 3017: 2675: 2541: 2309: 2229: 2172: 2145: 1896: 1879:

gives the Court mandatory and exclusive appellate jurisdiction in all cases imposing

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and were subsequently removed in the 1986 general election. Newly reelected Governor

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Silicon Valley Taxpayers' Assn., Inc. v. Santa Clara County Open Space Authority

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and imposed a rigid bright-line test for recovery in bystander NIED cases. The

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Justice Stanley Mosk: A Life at the Center of California Politics and Justice

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The Supreme Court is a hive of activity, employing approximately 80 lawyers.

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directly influenced the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision on this issue,

1972: 900: 836: 819: 313: 3323: 2057:

The court, with the assistance of the Reporter of Decisions, publishes the

2030:

starting in 1913. Despite its name, those cases are citable as precedent.

1602: 5031: 3083: 1617: 2721: 2216: 2177: 2137: 1790:, who was sworn in on January 2, 2023, to replace then-Associate Justice 581: 5015: 4650:, 50 Cal. 4th 512, 113 Cal. Rptr. 3d 327, 235 P.3d 988 (2010). This was 2963: 2502:(1989): The Court withdrew from the expansive form of NIED set forth in 1794:, who was elevated to chief justice. In 2023, Guerrero became the first 5405: 4785: 4400: 3163: 2923: 2204: 1186: 5090: 4000:

Carma Developers (Cal.), Inc. v. Marathon Development California, Inc.

124:(for matters involving U.S. federal law or the U.S. Constitution only) 4659: 4655: 3466: 4777: 4503:"Women Bar Presidents: Changing the Picture and Focus of Leadership" 4392: 3799: 3881:"What Does California's Experience with Recall of Judges Teach Us?" 2760:

United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

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Library and Courts Building, the Supreme Court's branch office in

2076: 1849: 1191: 2370:

Pacific Gas & E. Co. v. G. W. Drayage & Rigging Co., Inc.

2038:

The Court supervises the lower courts (including the trial-level

4608: 2788:, Chief Justice (2011-2023) (first Asian American chief justice) 2609:

was eventually repudiated by the United States Supreme Court in

2350:(1948): The Court shifted the burden to the defense to disprove 2180:) of putting the year at the end. For example, the famous case 238: 149: 6154: 5094: 4607:, 20 Cal. 4th 1178, 86 Cal. Rptr. 2d 778, 980 P.2d 337 (1999). 5053: 4311:. University of California College of the Law. June 11, 2015. 2240: 1755:), and one from an out-of-state private university (Kruger at 1735:(Guerrero). One justice earned an undergraduate degree from a 1712:(Liu, Kruger, Groban, Jenkins, Guerrero and Evans) and one by 4542:"Girardi Probe Shows Internally Corrupt California State Bar" 4076:"New California Chief Justice Patricia Guerrero Takes Office" 2190:(1976) 18 Cal.3d 660 in California style, while it would be 1743:), five from private universities in California (Corrigan at 4947:

26 Cal. 4th 519, 110 Cal. Rptr. 2d 4112, 28 P.3d 151 (2001).

4544:, Bloomberg Law, March 13, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2024. 3449:- a nonprofit organization that conducts historical research 4983:

51 Cal. 4th 84, 244 P.3d 501, 119 Cal. Rptr. 3d 105 (2011).

4974:

44 Cal. 4th 431, 79 Cal. Rptr. 3d 312, 187 P. 3d 37 (2008).

4965:

43 Cal. 4th 757, 183 P.3d 384, 76 Cal. Rptr. 3d 683 (2008).

2748:, Associate Justice (1982–1987) (First Latino on the Court) 1786:

The most recent addition to the court is Associate Justice

2768:, Chief Justice (1996–2011), Associate Justice (1991–1996) 2642:, Chief Justice (1850–1852) (First Chief Justice, founded 4880:

13 Cal. 3d 804, 119 Cal. Rptr. 858, 532 P.2d 1226 (1975).

2710:, Associate Justice (1964–2001) (Longest serving justice) 2277:

first such decisions in the United States or the world.

1767:), two from a private California university (Guerrero at 4938:

51 Cal. 3d 120, 271 Cal. Rptr. 146, 793 P.2d 479 (1990).

4920:

26 Cal. 3d 588, 607 P.2d 934, 163 Cal. Rptr. 132 (1980).

4911:, 447 U.S. 74, 100 S. Ct. 2035, 64 L. Ed. 2d 741 (1980). 4898:

18 Cal. 3d 660, 134 Cal. Rptr. 815, 557 P.2d 106 (1976).

4871:

11 Cal. 3d 531, 113 Cal. Rptr. 897, 522 P.2d 305 (1974).

2774:, Associate Justice (2015-2021) (named president of the 2482:

of the shopping center under federal constitutional law.

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At the Lectern – California Supreme Court Practice Blog

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17 Cal. 3d 425, 551 P.2d 334, 131 Cal. Rptr. 14 (1976).

4862:

6 Cal. 3d 628, 100 Cal. Rptr. 152, 493 P.2d 880 (1972).

4844:

69 Cal. 2d 108, 70 Cal. Rptr. 97, 443 P. 2d 561 (1968).

3916:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. pp. 224–226. 2257: 5004:

Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society

4929:

48 Cal.3d 644, 257 Cal.Rptr. 865, 771 P.2d 814 (1989).

4826:

68 Cal. 2d 728, 441 P.2d 912, 69 Cal. Rptr. 72 (1968).

4742:

California Supreme Court Historical Society Newsletter

4050:"California Courts – Appellate Court Case Information" 4024:"California Courts – Appellate Court Case Information" 1968:

opinions are similarly published in three reporters.)

27:

Highest judicial court in the U.S. state of California

4907:

23 Cal.3d 899, 592 P.2d 341 (1979), aff'd sub nomine

2548:

granted special protection to the incompetent person.

1858:

State Building, the Supreme Court's branch office in

4570:" Followed Rates" and Leading State Cases, 1940–2005 1905:

United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

1130:

Presidential Tax Transparency and Accountability Act

233:. Its decisions are binding on all other California 6557: 6536: 6492: 6209: 6189: 6065: 5762: 5719: 5391: 5144: 3910:Braitman, Jacqueline R.; Uelmen, Gerald F. (2013). 2634:

List of justices of the Supreme Court of California

2581:, but left in place the discrimination protections. 2450:

Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California

2441:as part of California tort law and rejected strict 187: 179: 169: 162: 144: 136: 128: 115: 105: 97: 78: 68: 60: 39: 4234:"From the Bench: Supreme Justice Paterson Resigns" 3660:"Records of the Constitutional Convention of 1849" 2328:(1948): The Court overturned the statutory ban on 4192:"How the California Supreme Court Actually Works" 2362:(1968): The Court radically expanded the tort of 4676:"Rule 8.1105. Publication of appellate opinions" 4597:NBC Subsidiary (KNBC-TV), Inc. v. Superior Court 3715:"Op-Ed: Why voters shouldn't be electing judges" 2529:Moore v. Regents of the University of California 1153:Act for the Government and Protection of Indians 751:Comprehensive Computer Data Access and Fraud Act 18:Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California 4377:"M. C. Sloss and the California Supreme Court" 4356:California Constitution, Article 6, Section 19 4337:California Constitution, Article 6, Section 14 3638:, the Court explained: "Under the doctrine of 2754:, Associate Justice (1996–2005) (Appointed by 1942:contracts with a private publisher (currently 6166: 5106: 2494:on the makers of fungible hazardous products. 8: 4670: 4668: 4512:. Chicago, IL: American Bar Association: 9. 3774:"Commission on Judicial Nominees Evaluation" 1833:preserved the female majority by appointing 5049:California Supreme Court Historical Society 4472:"State Bar celebrates its 80th anniversary" 3447:California Supreme Court Historical Society 1954:publishes California decisions in both the 1227:Schwarzenegger v. Court of Appeal (Epstein) 332:was then able to elevate Associate Justice 30:"Cal." redirects here. For other uses, see 6173: 6159: 6151: 5113: 5099: 5091: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4167: 3382: 3362: 3342: 3322: 3302: 3282: 3262: 3242: 3222: 3202: 3182: 3162: 3142: 3122: 3102: 3082: 3062: 3042: 3022: 3002: 2982: 2962: 2942: 2922: 2902: 2882: 2862: 2842: 2822: 2776:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 2684:, Chief Justice (1923–1924) (Appointed by 2664:, Chief Justice (1859–1863) (Appointed by 2364:negligent infliction of emotional distress 2134:negligent infliction of emotional distress 1240: 787:Uniform Determinate Sentencing Act of 1976 604:Negligent infliction of emotional distress 343: 45: 4853:71 Cal. 2d 954, 80 Cal. Rptr. 354 (1969). 3621:Auto Equity Sales, Inc. v. Superior Court 1204:and Courthouse, which it shares with the 6597:Courts and tribunals established in 1849 4736:Traynor, Michael. "The Infamous Case of 4437:. San Francisco, CA: Bender-Moss Company 4148:Snukal v. Flightways Manufacturing, Inc. 4121:. California Courts. November 19, 2007. 3949: 3947: 3945: 2796: 2589:(2008): The Court unanimously held in a 301:, and a senior presiding justice of the 3891:from the original on September 28, 2017 3693:from the original on September 28, 2017 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3458: 2716:, Associate Justice (1977–1981) (First 1723:(Kruger, Jenkins, Evans) justices, one 1708:Six current justices were appointed by 1694: 1013:Alquist Priolo Special Studies Zone Act 944:(seven year maximum on labor contracts) 704:Free speech on privately owned property 477: 449: 395: 367: 346: 51:Seal of the Supreme Court of California 4128:from the original on February 11, 2017 3861:from the original on November 16, 2018 3509: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3491: 1121:(naloxone prescription by pharmacists) 1075:California Student Free Expression Law 888:Sustainable Groundwater Management Act 729:.50 Caliber BMG Regulation Act of 2004 36: 4470:Flaherty, Kristina (September 2007). 4030:from the original on November 7, 2017 3800:"Commission on Judicial Appointments" 3666:from the original on January 13, 2017 1813:(an appointee of Republican Governor 225:, but it regularly holds sessions in 7: 4956:43 Cal.4th 885, 183 P.3d 471 (2008). 4799:24 Cal. 2d 453, 150 P.2d 436 (1944). 4682:from the original on October 7, 2017 4519:from the original on October 1, 2017 4407:from the original on October 1, 2017 4244:from the original on August 23, 2017 3857:. National Center for State Courts. 3713:Levinson, Jessica A. (May 8, 2014). 2780:William and Flora Hewlett Foundation 2572:is a protected class which requires 1946:) to publish the official reporter, 1885:discretionary appellate jurisdiction 1731:justices (Corrigan, Groban) and one 863:California Environmental Quality Act 445:Note: There are 29 California codes. 4909:Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins 4702:"Rule 8.1115. Citation of opinions" 4214:from the original on 5 October 2016 2471:Robins v. Pruneyard Shopping Center 569:Ordinary and administrative mandate 6200:Supreme Court of the United States 5586:Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta 4835:69 Ca. 2d 33, 442 P.2d 641 (1968). 4808:32 Cal.2d 711, 198 P.2d 17 (1948). 4501:Cooper, Cynthia L. (Winter 2008). 4482:from the original on June 23, 2017 4460:(2021) 11 Cal.5th 842, 846, fn. 2. 4315:from the original on June 15, 2017 4286:from the original on July 15, 2017 4282:. California Courts. May 9, 2016. 4056:from the original on July 29, 2020 4052:. Judicial Council of California. 4026:. Judicial Council of California. 3851:"Judicial Selection in the States" 3725:from the original on April 9, 2017 2300:under the California Constitution. 2112:Statistical analyses conducted by 1925:Supreme Court of the United States 1821:(appointed by Republican Governor 1135:Road Repair and Accountability Act 1090:School Success and Opportunity Act 910:(rideshare drivers as contractors) 559:Civil Harassment Restraining Order 203:highest and final court of appeals 122:Supreme Court of the United States 25: 6592:1849 establishments in California 4817:33 Cal. 2d 80, 199 P.2d 1 (1948). 4708:from the original on May 25, 2017 3806:from the original on May 25, 2017 3780:from the original on June 6, 2017 3662:. California Secretary of State. 2720:on the Court; well known for his 858:2008 Statewide Truck and Bus Rule 839:(historic structure preservation) 6134: 5744:Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario 5030: 4568:Jake Dear and Edward W. Jessen, 3930:from the original on 17 May 2016 3416: 3402: 2305:Escola v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. 2244: 1881:capital punishment in California 1676: 1661: 1646: 1631: 1616: 1601: 1586: 927:(equal overtime for farmworkers) 920:Agricultural Labor Relations Act 354: 6567:(federal and state, all levels) 4089:Nevis, Sara (January 2, 2023). 3755:from the original on 2015-10-31 3477:from the original on 2019-09-23 2742:, Associate Justice (1981–1991) 2736:, Associate Justice (1981–1985) 2698:, Associate Justice (1962–1982) 2678:, Associate Justice (1872–1880) 1958:(in its second series) and the 684:Fair Employment and Housing Act 654:(public affirmative action ban) 5754:San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland 5734:Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim 4575:41 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 683, 694 3437:Judicial Council of California 2778:and chair of the board of the 2556:(2008): The Court held that a 2487:Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories 2388:in the context of the tort of 2296:(1859): A leading case on the 2044:Judicial Council of California 1809:to the court, joining Justice 873:Electronic Waste Recycling Act 299:Attorney General of California 1: 2320:as a matter of public policy. 2052:State Bar Court of California 1964:(in its third series). (The 1071:(removing vaccine exemptions) 6528:United States Virgin Islands 4190:Justice Goodwin Liu (2014). 3467:"Contact Us - supreme_court" 2568:(2008): The Court held that 2510:decision included extensive 2372:(1968): The Court held that 1196:The Court's headquarters in 1038:Consumers Legal Remedies Act 544:Administrative Procedure Act 6587:Supreme Court of California 6565:Courts of the United States 5314:National Historic Landmarks 5044:Supreme Court of California 5037:Supreme Court of California 4267:San Francisco Daily Journal 3776:. State Bar of California. 2553:Yount v. City of Sacramento 2437:(1975): The Court embraced 2312:like warranties and impose 2163:and the high-tech firms of 2089:, which it shares with the 2063:California Courts of Appeal 2028:California Unreported Cases 1862:, which it shares with the 1798:to serve as chief justice. 1773:University of San Francisco 1747:, Liu, Groban and Evans at 1215:California Courts of Appeal 614:Pure comparative negligence 303:California Courts of Appeal 295:Chief Justice of California 269:, the Court started with a 199:Supreme Court of California 40:Supreme Court of California 6618: 5319:National Natural Landmarks 4618:sought access to the trial 4457:Shalabi v. City of Fontana 3830:Constitution of California 3749:leginfo.legislature.ca.gov 3689:. California Legislature. 2772:Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar 2690:U.S. Secretary of the Navy 2631: 2490:(1980): The Court imposed 2426:Pitchess v. Superior Court 2040:California superior courts 2034:Ancillary responsibilities 1877:Constitution of California 1840:Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar 827:(joint powers authorities) 815:Housing Accountability Act 811:(energy efficiency zoning) 736:(handgun ammunition sales) 324:were staunchly opposed to 29: 6130: 5334:congressional delegations 5132: 3687:"California Constitution" 3442:Impeachment in California 2818:Serranus Clinton Hastings 2640:Serranus Clinton Hastings 2620:Dynamex v. Superior Court 1966:New York Court of Appeals 1163:Consenting Adult Sex Bill 916:(independent contractors) 217:. It is headquartered in 56: 44: 6518:Northern Mariana Islands 5636:Santa Clara River Valley 5361:state historic landmarks 4744:(Spring/Summer 2017): 2. 4375:Sloss, Frank H. (1958). 4152:23 Cal. 4th 754, 767–768 3826:"Article VI, Section 16" 3581:California Legal History 1895:and 3,400 petitions for 1805:appointed Chief Justice 1737:University of California 1168:Criminal Syndicalism Act 1125:Corporate Disclosure Act 1033:California foie gras law 627:Strict product liability 594:Duty to protect students 564:Special motion to strike 361:Great Seal of California 265:Under the original 1849 6602:California state courts 6182:Highest judicial bodies 5616:San Francisco Peninsula 5411:California Coast Ranges 4430:Ross, Peter V. (1913). 3703:Art. VI, Sec. 2, 16(a). 3432:Judiciary of California 2628:Notable former justices 2443:contributory negligence 2100:The Wall Street Journal 2059:California Style Manual 2048:State Bar of California 2014:Publication of opinions 1866:for the Second District 1018:Building Standards Code 996:Consumer protection law 773:(selective prosecution) 742:(firearm microstamping) 554:California Style Manual 316:and Associate Justices 267:California Constitution 110:California Constitution 5686:Southern Border Region 5611:San Francisco Bay Area 5496:Greater San Bernardino 5466:East Bay (SF Bay Area) 4476:California Bar Journal 3980:Mosk v. Superior Court 2793:List of chief justices 2524:damages in California. 2492:market share liability 2439:comparative negligence 2413:that same year with a 2332:as unconstitutional. 2150:market-share liability 2110: 2094: 2093:for the Third District 1867: 1209: 1208:for the First District 1158:Alien Land Law of 1913 1048:Technical Bulletin 117 878:Endangered Species Act 801:political subdivisions 709:Unruh Civil Rights Act 679:End of Life Option Act 674:Celebrities Rights Act 609:Peculiar risk doctrine 279:Governor of California 6141:California portal 5039:at Wikimedia Commons 4992:4 Cal.5th 903 (2018). 4704:. California Courts. 4678:. California Courts. 4510:Perspectives Magazine 4381:California Law Review 3802:. California Courts. 2105: 2080: 1940:Reporter of Decisions 1853: 1803:Arnold Schwarzenegger 1346:Arnold Schwarzenegger 1195: 1095:Vergara v. California 868:California Water Plan 833:(local tax districts) 251:constitutional rights 6508:District of Columbia 6211:State supreme courts 6184:in the United States 5739:Sacramento–Roseville 5641:Santa Clarita Valley 5077:37.7806°N 122.4178°W 4640:Reid v. Google, Inc. 3959:40 Cal. 4th 106, 113 3855:Judicialselection.us 3745:"Codes Display Text" 2595:separation of powers 2565:In re Marriage Cases 2537:Wendland v. Wendland 2434:Li v. Yellow Cab Co. 2381:Rowland v. Christian 2330:interracial marriage 2298:separation of powers 2258:adding missing items 2003:per curiam statement 1988:Historical procedure 1739:school (Guerrero at 1202:Earl Warren Building 1115:(automobile titling) 1050:(fire extinguishers) 1043:Consumer Privacy Act 746:Adequate provocation 669:Art Preservation Act 537:Civil procedural law 223:Earl Warren Building 32:cal (disambiguation) 5691:Southern California 5606:San Fernando Valley 5556:Northern California 5516:Greater Los Angeles 5073: / 4624:'s lawsuit against 4556:Wall Street Journal 3572:Dear, Jake (2020). 3358:Tani Cantil-Sakauye 3298:Rose Elizabeth Bird 3138:Frank M. Angellotti 2786:Tani Cantil-Sakauye 2756:President G.W. Bush 2752:Janice Rogers Brown 2650:Solomon Heydenfeldt 2612:Riley v. California 2558:criminal conviction 2294:Houston v. Williams 2142:insurance bad faith 1956:California Reporter 1901:certified questions 1807:Tani Cantil-Sakauye 1771:and Jenkins at the 1727:justice (Liu), two 1725:East Asian American 983:Van Camp accounting 953:Talent Agencies Act 283:retention elections 281:and are subject to 137:Number of positions 132:12 years; renewable 6549:Philippine Islands 5631:Santa Clara Valley 5626:San Joaquin Valley 5621:San Gabriel Valley 5476:Eastern California 5446:Coastal California 5421:Central California 5082:37.7806; -122.4178 4656:age discrimination 4645:2020-10-05 at the 4602:2020-10-05 at the 4580:2014-10-18 at the 4559:, 20 July 1972, 1. 4361:2016-04-09 at the 4342:2020-07-20 at the 4238:San Francisco Call 4157:2020-10-05 at the 4095:The Sacramento Bee 4009:2020-10-05 at the 3986:2017-07-10 at the 3964:2018-10-04 at the 3630:2018-10-04 at the 3058:Robert F. Morrison 3038:William T. Wallace 2998:Augustus L. Rhodes 2938:Silas W. Sanderson 2686:President Coolidge 2670:U.S. Supreme Court 2570:sexual orientation 2522:emotional distress 2415:popular initiative 2403:People v. Anderson 2339:Loving v. Virginia 2318:defective products 2256:; you can help by 2199:U.S. Supreme Court 2157:major film studios 2126:defective products 2095: 1948:California Reports 1911:Internal procedure 1868: 1729:non-Hispanic white 1683:Associate Justice 1668:Associate Justice 1653:Associate Justice 1638:Associate Justice 1623:Associate Justice 1608:Associate Justice 1210: 1173:Sanitary Ordinance 978:Pereira accounting 937:Child Actor's Bill 756:Felony petty theft 694:Public Records Act 501:Capital punishment 326:capital punishment 275:associate justices 188:Lead position ends 98:Composition method 6574: 6573: 6544:Panama Canal Zone 6148: 6147: 5749:San Diego–Tijuana 5696:Transverse Ranges 5646:Santa Ynez Valley 5596:Saddleback Valley 5591:Sacramento Valley 5576:Peninsular Ranges 5551:North County (SD) 5521:Los Angeles Basin 5383:Index of articles 5035:Media related to 4754:13 Cal. 24 (1859) 4726:4 Cal. 399 (1854) 4614:Los Angeles Times 4540:Cutler, Joyce E. 4269:, 30 May 2006, 1. 3719:Los Angeles Times 3636:Auto Equity Sales 3471:www.courts.ca.gov 3410:California portal 3393: 3392: 3378:Patricia Guerrero 3098:William H. Beatty 2666:President Lincoln 2499:Thing v. La Chusa 2274: 2273: 2103:stated, in 1972: 1997:members are mere 1827:Carol A. Corrigan 1815:George Deukmejian 1792:Patricia Guerrero 1751:, and Jenkins at 1691: 1690: 1595:Patricia Guerrero 1580: 1579: 1509:November 12, 1953 1383:September 1, 2011 1268:Patricia Guerrero 1231:Mallano v. Chiang 1182: 1181: 1009:(insurance rates) 948:Paid Family Leave 851:Environmental law 664:Act to Save Lives 421:Health and Safety 330:George Deukmejian 195: 194: 174:Patricia Guerrero 129:Judge term length 16:(Redirected from 6609: 6175: 6168: 6161: 6152: 6139: 6138: 6137: 5481:Emerald Triangle 5471:East County (SD) 5456:Cucamonga Valley 5441:Coachella Valley 5184:California Dream 5174:California sound 5115: 5108: 5101: 5092: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5084: 5083: 5078: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5069: 5066: 5034: 5020: 5019: 4999: 4993: 4990: 4984: 4981: 4975: 4972: 4966: 4963: 4957: 4954: 4948: 4945: 4939: 4936: 4930: 4927: 4921: 4918: 4912: 4905: 4899: 4896: 4890: 4887: 4881: 4878: 4872: 4869: 4863: 4860: 4854: 4851: 4845: 4842: 4836: 4833: 4827: 4824: 4818: 4815: 4809: 4806: 4800: 4797: 4791: 4789: 4761: 4755: 4752: 4746: 4745: 4733: 4727: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4672: 4663: 4658:lawsuit against 4635: 4629: 4592: 4586: 4584: 4566: 4560: 4551: 4545: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4526: 4524: 4518: 4507: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4467: 4461: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4414: 4412: 4372: 4366: 4353: 4347: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4322: 4320: 4305: 4299: 4298: 4293: 4291: 4276: 4270: 4263: 4257: 4256: 4251: 4249: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4213: 4196: 4187: 4162: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4127: 4120: 4112: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4020: 4014: 3997: 3991: 3977:In a 1972 case, 3975: 3969: 3951: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3837: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3796: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3770: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3760: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3710: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3683: 3677: 3676:Art. VI, Sec. 3. 3675: 3673: 3671: 3656: 3650: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3578: 3569: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3482: 3463: 3426: 3421: 3420: 3412: 3407: 3406: 3405: 3386: 3366: 3346: 3338:Ronald M. George 3326: 3318:Malcolm M. Lucas 3306: 3286: 3278:Donald R. Wright 3266: 3258:Roger J. Traynor 3246: 3226: 3218:William H. Waste 3206: 3186: 3178:Curtis D. Wilbur 3166: 3146: 3126: 3118:Matt I. Sullivan 3106: 3086: 3066: 3046: 3026: 3018:Royal T. Sprague 3006: 2986: 2966: 2946: 2926: 2906: 2898:Stephen J. Field 2886: 2866: 2846: 2826: 2797: 2766:Ronald M. George 2718:African-American 2702:Roger J. Traynor 2682:Curtis D. Wilbur 2662:Stephen J. Field 2546:right to privacy 2458:Marvin v. Marvin 2396:People v. Belous 2314:strict liability 2269: 2266: 2248: 2247: 2241: 2192:Marvin v. Marvin 2188:Marvin v. Marvin 2183:Marvin v. Marvin 2122:strict liability 2022:Pacific Reporter 1961:Pacific Reporter 1819:Kathryn Werdegar 1811:Joyce L. Kennard 1779:, and Groban at 1721:African American 1719:There are three 1702: 1699: 1680: 1665: 1650: 1635: 1620: 1605: 1590: 1582: 1581: 1562: 1557: 1553: 1551: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1517: 1516:December 4, 2020 1512: 1508: 1506: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1472: 1467: 1463: 1461: 1454: 1453: 1452: 1429: 1424: 1420: 1418: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1384: 1379: 1376:October 19, 1970 1375: 1373: 1366: 1365: 1364: 1339: 1334: 1330: 1328: 1321: 1320: 1319: 1294: 1289: 1286:December 7, 1971 1285: 1283: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1241: 942:De Havilland Law 799:Laws concerning 645:Civil rights law 599:Informed consent 549:Bagley-Keene Act 465:Courts of Appeal 451:Courts of record 358: 344: 334:Malcolm M. Lucas 158: 155: 153: 151: 49: 37: 21: 6617: 6616: 6612: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6607: 6606: 6577: 6576: 6575: 6570: 6553: 6532: 6488: 6205: 6185: 6179: 6149: 6144: 6135: 6133: 6126: 6068: 6061: 5967:San Luis Obispo 5758: 5715: 5536:Mountain Empire 5436:Channel Islands 5401:Antelope Valley 5387: 5351:Protected areas 5140: 5128: 5119: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5072: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5059: 5028: 5023: 5010:(10): 129–140. 5001: 5000: 4996: 4991: 4987: 4982: 4978: 4973: 4969: 4964: 4960: 4955: 4951: 4946: 4942: 4937: 4933: 4928: 4924: 4919: 4915: 4906: 4902: 4897: 4893: 4888: 4884: 4879: 4875: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4857: 4852: 4848: 4843: 4839: 4834: 4830: 4825: 4821: 4816: 4812: 4807: 4803: 4798: 4794: 4778:10.2307/1323400 4763: 4762: 4758: 4753: 4749: 4735: 4734: 4730: 4725: 4721: 4711: 4709: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4685: 4683: 4674: 4673: 4666: 4647:Wayback Machine 4636: 4632: 4604:Wayback Machine 4593: 4589: 4582:Wayback Machine 4573: 4567: 4563: 4552: 4548: 4539: 4535: 4522: 4520: 4516: 4505: 4500: 4499: 4495: 4485: 4483: 4469: 4468: 4464: 4454: 4450: 4440: 4438: 4429: 4428: 4424: 4410: 4408: 4393:10.2307/3478622 4374: 4373: 4369: 4363:Wayback Machine 4354: 4350: 4344:Wayback Machine 4335: 4331: 4318: 4316: 4307: 4306: 4302: 4289: 4287: 4278: 4277: 4273: 4264: 4260: 4247: 4245: 4232: 4231: 4227: 4217: 4215: 4211: 4200:UCLA Law Review 4194: 4189: 4188: 4165: 4159:Wayback Machine 4145: 4141: 4131: 4129: 4125: 4118: 4114: 4113: 4109: 4099: 4097: 4088: 4087: 4083: 4074: 4073: 4069: 4059: 4057: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4022: 4021: 4017: 4011:Wayback Machine 3998: 3994: 3988:Wayback Machine 3976: 3972: 3966:Wayback Machine 3955:People v. Kelly 3952: 3943: 3933: 3931: 3924: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3894: 3892: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3864: 3862: 3849: 3848: 3844: 3835: 3833: 3824: 3823: 3819: 3809: 3807: 3798: 3797: 3793: 3783: 3781: 3772: 3771: 3767: 3758: 3756: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3728: 3726: 3712: 3711: 3707: 3696: 3694: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3669: 3667: 3658: 3657: 3653: 3632:Wayback Machine 3619: 3615: 3605: 3603: 3576: 3571: 3570: 3489: 3480: 3478: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3422: 3415: 3408: 3403: 3401: 3398: 2795: 2740:Allen Broussard 2714:Wiley W. Manuel 2696:Mathew Tobriner 2636: 2630: 2591:Proposition 218 2574:strict scrutiny 2347:Summers v. Tice 2270: 2264: 2261: 2245: 2239: 2237:Important cases 2091:Court of Appeal 2075: 2067:superior courts 2061:for use by the 2036: 2016: 1990: 1938:. The Court's 1913: 1873: 1864:Court of Appeal 1848: 1825:), and Justice 1706: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1687: 1681: 1672: 1666: 1657: 1651: 1642: 1636: 1627: 1621: 1612: 1606: 1597: 1591: 1561:January 2, 2023 1560: 1555: 1549: 1547: 1538: 1537: 1536: 1515: 1510: 1504: 1502: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1471:January 3, 2019 1470: 1465: 1464:August 15, 1973 1459: 1457: 1448: 1447: 1446: 1428:January 5, 2015 1427: 1422: 1416: 1414: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1382: 1377: 1371: 1369: 1360: 1359: 1358: 1338:January 4, 2006 1337: 1332: 1331:August 16, 1948 1326: 1324: 1315: 1314: 1313: 1292: 1287: 1281: 1279: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1239: 1223:writ of mandate 1206:Court of Appeal 1178: 1177: 1148: 1147:Historical laws 1140: 1139: 1108: 1100: 1099: 1064: 1054: 1053: 1002: 988: 987: 968: 958: 957: 931:California Rule 903: 893: 892: 853: 843: 842: 804: 792: 791: 724: 714: 713: 660:(sanctuary law) 647: 637: 636: 632:Tort Claims Act 584: 574: 573: 539: 470:Superior courts 411:Civil Procedure 363: 342: 263: 191:January 8, 2035 183:January 2, 2023 148: 90: 86: 52: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6615: 6613: 6605: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6579: 6578: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6568: 6561: 6559: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6551: 6546: 6540: 6538: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6503:American Samoa 6499: 6497: 6496:supreme courts 6490: 6489: 6487: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6450: 6449: 6444: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6424:South Carolina 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6405: 6404: 6399: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6379:North Carolina 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6215: 6213: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6203: 6195: 6193: 6191:Federal courts 6187: 6186: 6180: 6178: 6177: 6170: 6163: 6155: 6146: 6145: 6131: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6073: 6071: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5947:San Bernardino 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5768: 5766: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5725: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5676:South Bay (SF) 5673: 5671:South Bay (SD) 5668: 5666:South Bay (LA) 5663: 5661:Silicon Valley 5658: 5653: 5651:Shasta Cascade 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5601:Salinas Valley 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5541:North Bay (SF) 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5431:Central Valley 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5397: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5373:Transportation 5370: 5365: 5364: 5363: 5358: 5348: 5343: 5342: 5341: 5336: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5295: 5294: 5284: 5283: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5252: 5251: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5214: 5213: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5187: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5150: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5133: 5130: 5129: 5120: 5118: 5117: 5110: 5103: 5095: 5057: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5027: 5026:External links 5024: 5022: 5021: 4994: 4985: 4976: 4967: 4958: 4949: 4940: 4931: 4922: 4913: 4900: 4891: 4882: 4873: 4864: 4855: 4846: 4837: 4828: 4819: 4810: 4801: 4792: 4756: 4747: 4738:People v. Hall 4728: 4719: 4693: 4664: 4630: 4626:Clint Eastwood 4587: 4561: 4546: 4533: 4493: 4462: 4448: 4422: 4387:(5): 715–738. 4367: 4348: 4329: 4300: 4271: 4258: 4225: 4163: 4139: 4107: 4081: 4067: 4041: 4015: 4004:2 Cal. 4th 342 3992: 3970: 3941: 3922: 3902: 3872: 3842: 3817: 3791: 3765: 3736: 3705: 3678: 3651: 3625:57 Cal. 2d 450 3613: 3487: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3450: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3413: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3387: 3380: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3360: 3355: 3351: 3350: 3347: 3340: 3335: 3331: 3330: 3327: 3320: 3315: 3311: 3310: 3307: 3300: 3295: 3291: 3290: 3287: 3280: 3275: 3271: 3270: 3267: 3260: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3247: 3240: 3238:Phil S. Gibson 3235: 3231: 3230: 3227: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3210: 3207: 3200: 3198:Louis W. Myers 3195: 3191: 3190: 3187: 3180: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3167: 3160: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3147: 3140: 3135: 3131: 3130: 3127: 3120: 3115: 3111: 3110: 3107: 3100: 3095: 3091: 3090: 3087: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3070: 3067: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3047: 3040: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3027: 3020: 3015: 3011: 3010: 3007: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2987: 2980: 2978:Lorenzo Sawyer 2975: 2971: 2970: 2967: 2960: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2947: 2940: 2935: 2931: 2930: 2927: 2920: 2915: 2911: 2910: 2907: 2900: 2895: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2880: 2878:David S. Terry 2875: 2871: 2870: 2867: 2860: 2858:Hugh C. Murray 2855: 2851: 2850: 2847: 2840: 2838:Henry A. Lyons 2835: 2831: 2830: 2827: 2820: 2815: 2811: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2789: 2783: 2769: 2763: 2749: 2743: 2737: 2731: 2725: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2679: 2673: 2659: 2656:David S. Terry 2653: 2647: 2632:Main article: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2624: 2616: 2602:People v. Diaz 2598: 2582: 2561: 2549: 2533: 2525: 2495: 2483: 2467: 2454: 2446: 2430: 2422: 2419:Proposition 17 2399: 2393: 2377: 2374:parol evidence 2367: 2359:Dillon v. Legg 2355: 2343: 2325:Perez v. Sharp 2321: 2310:legal fictions 2301: 2291: 2283:People v. Hall 2272: 2271: 2265:September 2024 2251: 2249: 2238: 2235: 2165:Silicon Valley 2159:in and around 2130:fair procedure 2074: 2071: 2042:) through the 2035: 2032: 2015: 2012: 1989: 1986: 1912: 1909: 1872: 1869: 1847: 1844: 1835:Leondra Kruger 1704: 1703: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1688: 1682: 1675: 1673: 1670:Martin Jenkins 1667: 1660: 1658: 1652: 1645: 1643: 1640:Leondra Kruger 1637: 1630: 1628: 1622: 1615: 1613: 1610:Carol Corrigan 1607: 1600: 1598: 1593:Chief Justice 1592: 1585: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1566: 1563: 1558: 1545: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1521: 1518: 1513: 1500: 1495:Martin Jenkins 1488: 1487: 1482: 1476: 1473: 1468: 1455: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1433: 1430: 1425: 1412: 1407:Leondra Kruger 1400: 1399: 1394: 1388: 1385: 1380: 1367: 1355: 1354: 1349: 1343: 1340: 1335: 1322: 1317:Carol Corrigan 1310: 1309: 1304: 1298: 1295: 1293:March 28, 2022 1290: 1277: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1238: 1235: 1180: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1116: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1065: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020:(contains the 1015: 1010: 1003: 1000:building codes 994: 993: 990: 989: 986: 985: 980: 975: 969: 964: 963: 960: 959: 956: 955: 950: 945: 939: 934: 928: 922: 917: 911: 904: 899: 898: 895: 894: 891: 890: 885: 883:Hodge decision 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 854: 849: 848: 845: 844: 841: 840: 834: 828: 822: 817: 812: 805: 798: 797: 794: 793: 790: 789: 784: 779: 774: 768: 766:Marsden motion 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 737: 731: 725: 720: 719: 716: 715: 712: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 689:Fair procedure 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 655: 648: 643: 642: 639: 638: 635: 634: 629: 624: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 585: 580: 579: 576: 575: 572: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 540: 535: 534: 531: 530: 529: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 480: 479: 475: 474: 473: 472: 467: 462: 454: 453: 447: 446: 444: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 400: 399: 393: 392: 391: 390: 385: 372: 371: 365: 364: 359: 351: 350: 348:California law 341: 338: 262: 259: 193: 192: 189: 185: 184: 181: 177: 176: 171: 167: 166: 160: 159: 146: 142: 141: 138: 134: 133: 130: 126: 125: 119: 113: 112: 107: 103: 102: 99: 95: 94: 85:(Headquarters) 80: 76: 75: 70: 66: 65: 62: 58: 57: 54: 53: 50: 42: 41: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6614: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6566: 6563: 6562: 6560: 6558:Complete list 6556: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6535: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6491: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6474:West Virginia 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6359:New Hampshire 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6319:Massachusetts 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6208: 6202: 6201: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6188: 6183: 6176: 6171: 6169: 6164: 6162: 6157: 6156: 6153: 6143: 6142: 6129: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6092:San Francisco 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6070: 6067:Most populous 6064: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5977:Santa Barbara 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5957:San Francisco 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5761: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5729:Fresno–Madera 5727: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5721:Metro regions 5718: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5706:Victor Valley 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5656:Sierra Nevada 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5581:Pomona Valley 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5531:Mojave Desert 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5506:Klamath Basin 5504: 5502: 5501:Inland Empire 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5451:Conejo Valley 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5426:Central Coast 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5416:Cascade Range 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5390: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5324:NRHP listings 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5288: 5285: 5281: 5280:Supreme Court 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5253: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5212: 5209: 5208: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5143: 5138: 5137: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5116: 5111: 5109: 5104: 5102: 5097: 5096: 5093: 5089: 5086: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5033: 5025: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 4998: 4995: 4989: 4986: 4980: 4977: 4971: 4968: 4962: 4959: 4953: 4950: 4944: 4941: 4935: 4932: 4926: 4923: 4917: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4901: 4895: 4892: 4886: 4883: 4877: 4874: 4868: 4865: 4859: 4856: 4850: 4847: 4841: 4838: 4832: 4829: 4823: 4820: 4814: 4811: 4805: 4802: 4796: 4793: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4760: 4757: 4751: 4748: 4743: 4739: 4732: 4729: 4723: 4720: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4694: 4681: 4677: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4648: 4644: 4641: 4634: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4616: 4615: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4598: 4591: 4588: 4583: 4579: 4576: 4571: 4565: 4562: 4558: 4557: 4550: 4547: 4543: 4537: 4534: 4530: 4515: 4511: 4504: 4497: 4494: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4466: 4463: 4459: 4458: 4452: 4449: 4436: 4435: 4426: 4423: 4419: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4357: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4338: 4333: 4330: 4326: 4314: 4310: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4285: 4281: 4275: 4272: 4268: 4262: 4259: 4255: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4229: 4226: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4201: 4193: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4140: 4124: 4117: 4111: 4108: 4096: 4092: 4085: 4082: 4077: 4071: 4068: 4055: 4051: 4045: 4042: 4029: 4025: 4019: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4005: 4001: 3996: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3974: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3929: 3925: 3923:9781476600710 3919: 3915: 3914: 3906: 3903: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3876: 3873: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3846: 3843: 3831: 3827: 3821: 3818: 3805: 3801: 3795: 3792: 3779: 3775: 3769: 3766: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3737: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3706: 3697:September 27, 3692: 3688: 3682: 3679: 3670:September 27, 3665: 3661: 3655: 3652: 3647: 3646:stare decisis 3643: 3642: 3641:stare decisis 3637: 3633: 3629: 3626: 3622: 3617: 3614: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3575: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3488: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3462: 3459: 3453: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3425: 3419: 3414: 3411: 3400: 3395: 3389:2023–present 3388: 3385: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3365: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3325: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3308: 3305: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3268: 3265: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3232: 3228: 3225: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3205: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3185: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3172: 3168: 3165: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3105: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3088: 3085: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3072: 3068: 3065: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3028: 3025: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3012: 3008: 3005: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2965: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2925: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2912: 2908: 2905: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2885: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2865: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2852: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2825: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2798: 2792: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2676:Addison Niles 2674: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2641: 2638: 2637: 2635: 2627: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2608: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2580: 2579:Proposition 8 2575: 2571: 2567: 2566: 2562: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2547: 2543: 2542:right to life 2539: 2538: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2526: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2459: 2455: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2409: 2405: 2404: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2340: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2299: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2285: 2284: 2280: 2279: 2278: 2268: 2259: 2255: 2252:This list is 2250: 2243: 2242: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2230:Stare decisis 2226: 2221: 2219: 2218: 2213: 2212: 2207: 2206: 2200: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2146:wrongful life 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2118: 2115: 2109: 2104: 2102: 2101: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1994: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1976: 1974: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1926: 1920: 1918: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1897:habeas corpus 1894: 1889: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1870: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1856:Ronald Reagan 1852: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1763:and Evans at 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1698: 1695: 1686: 1679: 1674: 1671: 1664: 1659: 1656: 1655:Joshua Groban 1649: 1644: 1641: 1634: 1629: 1626: 1619: 1614: 1611: 1604: 1599: 1596: 1589: 1584: 1583: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1559: 1556:(age 56) 1546: 1541: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1514: 1511:(age 70) 1501: 1496: 1490: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1469: 1466:(age 51) 1456: 1451: 1450:Joshua Groban 1445: 1444: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1426: 1423:(age 48) 1421:July 28, 1976 1413: 1408: 1402: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1381: 1378:(age 53) 1368: 1363: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1336: 1333:(age 76) 1323: 1318: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1291: 1288:(age 52) 1278: 1276: 1275:Chief Justice 1269: 1263: 1262: 1258: 1256:Appointed by 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1218: 1216: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1198:San Francisco 1194: 1190: 1188: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1144: 1143: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1110: 1107:Miscellaneous 1104: 1103: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1063: 1062:Education law 1058: 1057: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1001: 997: 992: 991: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 970: 967: 962: 961: 954: 951: 949: 946: 943: 940: 938: 935: 932: 929: 926: 923: 921: 918: 915: 912: 909: 906: 905: 902: 897: 896: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 855: 852: 847: 846: 838: 835: 832: 829: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 810: 807: 806: 802: 796: 795: 788: 785: 783: 782:Romero motion 780: 778: 775: 772: 771:Murgia motion 769: 767: 764: 762: 761:Felony murder 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 741: 738: 735: 732: 730: 727: 726: 723: 718: 717: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 659: 656: 653: 650: 649: 646: 641: 640: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 621: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 589:Cumis counsel 587: 586: 583: 578: 577: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 541: 538: 533: 532: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 483: 482: 481: 476: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 460:Supreme Court 458: 457: 456: 455: 452: 448: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 403: 402: 401: 398: 394: 389: 386: 383: 379: 376: 375: 374: 373: 370: 366: 362: 357: 353: 352: 349: 345: 339: 337: 335: 331: 327: 323: 322:Joseph Grodin 319: 315: 310: 306: 304: 300: 296: 290: 286: 284: 280: 276: 272: 271:chief justice 268: 260: 258: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 219:San Francisco 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 190: 186: 182: 178: 175: 172: 168: 165: 164:Chief Justice 161: 157: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 120: 118: 114: 111: 108: 106:Authorized by 104: 100: 96: 93: 89: 84: 83:San Francisco 81: 77: 74: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 48: 43: 38: 33: 19: 6429:South Dakota 6419:Rhode Island 6414:Pennsylvania 6384:North Dakota 6238: 6198: 6132: 5802:Contra Costa 5711:Wine Country 5571:Oxnard Plain 5566:Owens Valley 5561:Orange Coast 5486:Gold Country 5461:Death Valley 5279: 5196:Demographics 5134: 5058: 5029: 5007: 5003: 4997: 4988: 4979: 4970: 4961: 4952: 4943: 4934: 4925: 4916: 4908: 4903: 4894: 4885: 4876: 4867: 4858: 4849: 4840: 4831: 4822: 4813: 4804: 4795: 4772:(234): 250. 4769: 4766:Harv. L. Rev 4765: 4759: 4750: 4741: 4737: 4731: 4722: 4710:. Retrieved 4696: 4684:. Retrieved 4638: 4633: 4622:Sondra Locke 4612: 4595: 4590: 4569: 4564: 4554: 4549: 4536: 4528: 4521:. Retrieved 4509: 4496: 4484:. Retrieved 4475: 4465: 4455: 4451: 4439:. Retrieved 4432: 4425: 4416: 4409:. Retrieved 4384: 4380: 4370: 4351: 4332: 4324: 4317:. Retrieved 4303: 4295: 4288:. Retrieved 4274: 4266: 4261: 4253: 4246:. Retrieved 4237: 4228: 4216:. Retrieved 4204: 4198: 4147: 4142: 4130:. Retrieved 4110: 4098:. Retrieved 4094: 4084: 4070: 4058:. Retrieved 4044: 4032:. Retrieved 4018: 3999: 3995: 3979: 3973: 3954: 3932:. Retrieved 3912: 3905: 3893:. Retrieved 3884: 3875: 3863:. Retrieved 3854: 3845: 3834:. Retrieved 3820: 3808:. Retrieved 3794: 3782:. Retrieved 3768: 3757:. Retrieved 3748: 3739: 3727:. Retrieved 3718: 3708: 3695:. Retrieved 3681: 3668:. Retrieved 3654: 3645: 3639: 3635: 3634:(1962). In 3620: 3616: 3606:17 September 3604:. Retrieved 3584: 3580: 3479:. Retrieved 3470: 3461: 3078:Niles Searls 2746:Cruz Reynoso 2728:Rose E. Bird 2708:Stanley Mosk 2618: 2610: 2606: 2600: 2584: 2563: 2551: 2535: 2527: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2497: 2485: 2475: 2469: 2462: 2456: 2448: 2432: 2424: 2410: 2401: 2395: 2386:duty of care 2379: 2369: 2357: 2345: 2337: 2333: 2323: 2303: 2293: 2287: 2281: 2275: 2262: 2224: 2222: 2215: 2209: 2203: 2196: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2170: 2154: 2119: 2111: 2106: 2098: 2096: 2083:Stanley Mosk 2056: 2037: 2027: 2020: 2017: 2008: 1999:ghostwriters 1995: 1991: 1980: 1977: 1970: 1959: 1955: 1947: 1933: 1929: 1921: 1914: 1890: 1874: 1871:Jurisdiction 1800: 1785: 1718: 1716:(Corrigan). 1707: 1697: 1569:Gavin Newsom 1554:July 9, 1968 1524:Gavin Newsom 1301:Gavin Newsom 1274: 1230: 1226: 1219: 1211: 1183: 803:of the state 722:Criminal law 619: 496:Criminal law 459: 378:Propositions 369:Constitution 318:Cruz Reynoso 311: 307: 291: 287: 264: 255:criminal law 235:state courts 198: 196: 69:Jurisdiction 6523:Puerto Rico 6494:Territorial 6334:Mississippi 6249:Connecticut 6117:Bakersfield 6077:Los Angeles 5982:Santa Clara 5962:San Joaquin 5862:Los Angeles 5681:South Coast 5546:North Coast 5491:Great Basin 5356:state parks 5309:LGBT rights 5275:legislature 5223:Environment 5211:agriculture 5201:Earthquakes 5080: / 5068:122°25′04″W 4637:See, e.g., 4594:See, e.g., 4100:January 31, 4060:October 19, 3934:24 December 3587:: 125–161. 3158:Lucien Shaw 2958:John Currey 1860:Los Angeles 1831:Jerry Brown 1823:Pete Wilson 1817:), Justice 1788:Kelli Evans 1753:Santa Clara 1714:Republicans 1685:Kelli Evans 1625:Goodwin Liu 1540:Kelli Evans 1479:Jerry Brown 1436:Jerry Brown 1391:Jerry Brown 1362:Goodwin Liu 1259:Law school 1085:Leonard Law 1028:Balloon Law 1022:Energy Code 261:Composition 227:Los Angeles 92:Los Angeles 61:Established 6581:Categories 6469:Washington 6369:New Mexico 6364:New Jersey 6239:California 6107:Long Beach 6102:Sacramento 6017:Stanislaus 5987:Santa Cruz 5942:San Benito 5937:Sacramento 5701:Tri-Valley 5526:Lost Coast 5511:Lake Tahoe 5287:Healthcare 5255:Government 5136:Sacramento 5126:California 5065:37°46′50″N 4652:Brian Reid 4034:January 3, 3836:2014-12-25 3759:2016-02-07 3481:2019-09-27 3454:References 3424:Law portal 3369:2011–2023 3349:1996–2011 3329:1987–1996 3309:1977–1987 3289:1970–1977 3269:1964–1970 3249:1940–1964 3229:1926–1940 3209:1924–1926 3189:1923–1924 3169:1921–1923 3149:1915–1921 3129:1914–1915 3109:1889–1914 3089:1887–1889 3069:1879–1887 3049:1872–1879 3009:1870–1872 2989:1868–1870 2969:1866–1868 2949:1864–1866 2929:1863–1864 2918:W. W. Cope 2909:1859–1863 2889:1857–1859 2869:1852–1857 2829:1849–1851 2518:negligence 2390:negligence 2254:incomplete 2211:certiorari 2197:While the 2114:LexisNexis 2087:Sacramento 2073:Reputation 1973:law clerks 1944:LexisNexis 1917:legal year 1893:certiorari 1745:Holy Names 1550:1968-07-09 1505:1953-11-12 1460:1973-08-15 1417:1976-07-28 1372:1970-10-19 1327:1948-08-16 1282:1971-12-07 1253:Term ends 1237:Membership 966:Family law 933:(pensions) 831:Mello-Roos 825:Marks-Roos 699:Shield Law 231:Sacramento 215:California 211:U.S. state 117:Appeals to 88:Sacramento 73:California 6479:Wisconsin 6434:Tennessee 6393:Oklahoma 6329:Minnesota 6304:Louisiana 6082:San Diego 5972:San Mateo 5952:San Diego 5932:Riverside 5882:Mendocino 5812:El Dorado 5807:Del Norte 5792:Calaveras 5339:elections 5265:districts 5228:Geography 5218:Education 5169:languages 5139:(capital) 4740:(1854)". 4441:19 August 3885:SCOCAblog 3601:825171095 3593:1930-4943 2734:Otto Kaus 2644:UC Law SF 2466:property. 2408:overruled 2352:causation 2161:Hollywood 1936:reporters 1903:from the 1846:Operation 1761:UC Law SF 1710:Democrats 1352:UC Law SF 1080:DREAM Act 901:Labor law 837:Mills Act 820:Brown Act 622:liability 426:Insurance 340:Structure 314:Rose Bird 170:Currently 6537:Obsolete 6464:Virginia 6447:criminal 6402:criminal 6374:New York 6349:Nebraska 6339:Missouri 6324:Michigan 6314:Maryland 6299:Kentucky 6279:Illinois 6254:Delaware 6244:Colorado 6234:Arkansas 6087:San Jose 6042:Tuolumne 6002:Siskiyou 5902:Monterey 5877:Mariposa 5832:Imperial 5827:Humboldt 5764:Counties 5329:Politics 5292:Abortion 5270:governor 5016:43059669 4706:Archived 4680:Archived 4643:Archived 4611:and the 4600:Archived 4578:Archived 4523:June 29, 4514:Archived 4486:June 29, 4480:Archived 4411:June 27, 4405:Archived 4359:Archived 4340:Archived 4319:June 29, 4313:Archived 4290:June 29, 4284:Archived 4242:Archived 4209:Archived 4207:: 1246. 4155:Archived 4123:Archived 4054:Archived 4028:Archived 4007:Archived 3984:Archived 3962:Archived 3928:Archived 3889:Archived 3859:Archived 3804:Archived 3778:Archived 3753:Archived 3723:Archived 3691:Archived 3664:Archived 3628:Archived 3475:Archived 3396:See also 2722:pro bono 2480:"taking" 2411:Anderson 2217:mandamus 2178:Bluebook 2173:citation 2138:palimony 2065:and the 1769:Stanford 1749:Stanford 1741:Berkeley 1575:UC Davis 1307:Stanford 1244:Justice 1007:Prop 103 973:Palimony 652:Prop 209 620:Tarasoff 582:Tort law 521:Gambling 516:Taxation 506:Cannabis 491:Bicycles 486:Adoption 416:Evidence 273:and two 243:property 79:Location 6484:Wyoming 6459:Vermont 6344:Montana 6284:Indiana 6264:Georgia 6259:Florida 6229:Arizona 6219:Alabama 6122:Anaheim 6112:Oakland 6047:Ventura 6032:Trinity 5772:Alameda 5406:Big Sur 5393:Regions 5368:Symbols 5299:History 5260:Capitol 5238:ecology 5233:climate 5206:Economy 5154:Culture 4786:1323400 4712:June 6, 4686:June 6, 4585:(2007). 4401:3478622 4248:July 4, 4218:10 June 4161:(2000). 4132:June 6, 3895:June 6, 3865:June 6, 3810:June 6, 3784:June 6, 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