232:. The raiders burned the house, stables, 40 short tons (36,000 kg) of hay, 1,000 imperial bushels (36 kl) of oats and barley, and stole two horses and a cow, causing an estimated $ 6,494 of damage. Clark's wife was visiting her parents in the Willamette Valley at the time, but an unarmed Clark and his 18-year-old brother-in-law were collecting driftwood on the John Day when they saw the Paiutes. Paulina and his band spotted them and gave chase, but Clark managed to escape, and his brother-in-law hid in the river with only his nose out of the water for several hours undetected, although nearing hypothermia.
204:. However, under that guise, Paulina had one of his braves murder Queapama. While predatory bands such as Paulina’s certainly profited from these attacks, they ultimately contributed to the climate of hostility that increased the level of violence and the death toll in the region. All the resident groups—settlers, native communities at Warm Springs and Umatilla, and the Northern Paiute—engaged in retaliatory actions that resulted in the deaths of dozens of people, including women and children.
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After U.S. Army forces captured Paiute hostages and held them prisoner at Ft. Klamath, including
Paulina's sister, wife and son, Paulina and the other leaders of the Hunipuitöka Paiute agreed to sign a treaty in early 1865. To avoid starvation, Paulina and his group left the Klamath Reservation on
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led one of the first military campaigns into the area. Paulina defeated an army attack on his camp near
Juniper Butte, and the conflicts increased. The Paiute threat was broken up into two bands led by Paulina, of the Walpapi band, and
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Clark was able to gather a posse to try to salvage some of his stolen property. One year after
Paulina left the Klamath Reservation on April 25, 1867, Clark shot and scalped Paulina in a retaliatory attack led by settlers and
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Paulina became the most notorious war leader in those raids. He was known for the swiftness of his attacks and his ability to evade capture by both volunteer regiments and U.S. Army detachments under
General
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During the late 1850s and 1860s, Paulina led the
Hunipuitoka band, a band of Northern Paiutes that violently resisted encroachment on their lands. The band refused to relocate to a
184:. The party killed 10 Paiute warriors, capturing the women and children and the rest of the band. Among those captured were Paulina and Wahveveh, both of whom were later sent to
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and white settlers occurred in April 1859 when Dr. Thomas Fitch led Native
Americans from the Warm Springs Indian Reservation to attack a band of Paiutes in the valley of the
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Oregon
History Project, reprinted from Kappler, Charles. Indian Affairs: Law & Treaties. vol. 2. Washington D.C., 1904: 876-878. Accessed 10 December 2014.
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172:) that raided and stole livestock and horses, causing fear within nearby communities. The band also attacked Indians living on the
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Michno, Gregory. The
Deadliest Indian War in the West; The Snake Conflict, 1864-1868. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Press, 2007. 25
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200:, of the Kidutokado band. In one particular incident, Paulina arranged peace talks with the Chief of the Wascos,
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contacted him looking for aid to exact revenge for the killing of his followers by
California troops in the
252:. Maupin took credit for killing Paulina and nailed Paulina's scalp to the wall of his barn as a trophy.
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and attacked settler communities traveling through or living on Paiute lands in central and eastern
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MacArthur, Lewis. "Oregon
Geographical Names" Oregon Historical Quarterly Vol. 27, 1926. 440
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April 22, 1866, in spite of the treaty agreement they considered unfair. When they left,
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On September 15, 1866, Paulina and his band of fourteen Paiutes attacked the ranch of
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tactics. He is known to have been active from 1859 until his death in 1867.
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The Deadliest Indian War in the West; The Snake Conflict, 1864-1868.
176:. There has been some speculation that Paulina's hatred for the
460:. The Oregonian. 13 February 1966. Accessed 10 December 2014.
240:. Paulina’s last engagement took place at a cove later named
331:
Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press. 2007, p. 31.
484:
Bend Bulletin. 13 February 2008. Accessed 10 December 2010.
398:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 2010. p. 414
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A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest
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Crooked River Country: Wranglers, Rogues, and Barons.
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The Gathering Storm (Thunder Over the Ochoco Vol. 1)
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392:Robert H. Ruby, John A. Brown and Cary C Collins.
285:Treaty with the Snake (Northern Paiute), 1865.
168:. He led a small band (including his brother
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457:Howard Maupin and the death of Chief Paulina
436:Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Press. 2007, p. 141.
272:National Park Service: John Day Fossil Beds.
383:. Mail Tribune. Accessed 10 December 2014.
228:near the junction of Bridge Creek and the
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525:Native American people of the Indian Wars
312:Ward Tonsfeldt & Paul G. Claeyssens.
188:only to be imprisoned for a short time.
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274:25 April 2002 (retrieved 7 April 2010)
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136:war leader noted for his successful
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318:2004. Accessed 10 December 2014.
269:"Settlement: Hostilities Erupt."
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380:Chief Paulina, master tactician
174:Warm Springs Indian Reservation
144:Resistance against colonization
315:Wars with the Northern Paiute.
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411:Some Antelope Oregon History.
361:Oregon Historical Society.
150:Native American reservation
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420:Accessed 10 December 2014.
303:Accessed 10 December 2014.
244:, located in northeastern
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50:Chief Paulina, circa 1865
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100:Cause of death
520:Native American leaders
515:Northern Paiute people
446:Michno (2007), p. 169.
368:Accessed 7 April 2010.
178:Warm Springs Indians
481:Who Killed Paulina?
297:Garrett J. Keeton.
535:People from Oregon
497:Andrew Gale Ontko
416:2014-05-09 at the
429:Michno, Gregory.
248:near the town of
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186:Fort Dalles
509:Categories
256:References
530:Snake War
138:guerrilla
414:Archived
202:Queapama
198:Weahwewa
191:Captain
170:Wahveveh
156:and the
130:Pahninee
103:Shot by
95:, Oregon
38:Pahninee
210:Howluck
80:c. 1833
154:Oregon
132:was a
63:leader
501:1993.
87:Died
77:Born
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20:)
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