357:
546:
157:
109:
68:, but not in its beginnings, since in the first instance the king's security was in the hands of his ensign, but the latter in turn would delegate this responsibility to the officer of lower rank who would possibly, over the centuries, evolve into, in the opinion of this historian, the officer known as the Chief of the King's Guard.
125:
of
Castile, as Manuel González Jiménez has pointed out, the chief of the king's guard was responsible for the safety of the king and his family at court or in his palace, and a small group of men were at his command, including twenty infantry crossbowmen and ten on horseback, who protected the court
511:(1361-1368) Men RodrĂguez de Biedma. He adopted the name Men RodrĂguez de Benavides after being appointed heir to the estate of the House of Benavides by his cousin, Juan Alfonso de Benavides, who was the son of Juan Alfonso de Benavides and Teresa Alonso GodĂnez. Biedma was chief steward to Queen
94:
Around 1424, the position of chief guard was shared by two individuals, although it is not known whether this was because it had then become more of an "honorific than an effective" title, or because they alternated in holding it. However, it is certain that in 1447, during the reign of
615:(1379-1381) Men RodrĂguez de Biedma. According to Jaime de Salazar y Acha, he held the post of chief guard of the king throughout several reigns and until 1381. However, Francisco de Paula Canas Gálvez states that he did so only until 1380.
426:
of Toledo, was chief guard, although Jaime de
Salazar y Acha points out that this author may have confused the father with the son and that in reality the king's guard at that time was DĂaz GĂłmez de Toledo, son of GĂłmez PĂ©rez and lord of
99:
of
Castile, and according to what is stated in one of the records of his reign, several individuals held the position, which had already become hereditary for several families of the kingdom, receiving 20,000 maravedis a year.
368:
87:(chronicle) of this monarch, the Portuguese nobleman Esteban Pérez Florián is mentioned as "guard of the King", and in the document from 1290 Diego Gómez de Roa is mentioned as "guard-major of our Body" ("
63:
Some authors, when speaking of this position, state that it was more "honorific than effective", although Jaime de
Salazar y Acha points out that this may have been the case during the last period of the
79:, as well as by young members of the royalty, and even young boys, the protection of the king was left in the hands of his chief guard. The position is mentioned for the first time in the reign of
538:) issued on May 26 of the same year. Luis Vicente DĂaz MartĂn points out that this was the only occasion on which a king's chief guard was among the confirmants of a document of this kind.
500:(1355-1356) Fernán Pérez Portocarrero. By early October 1355 he was already the king's chief guard and held the post until at least mid-October 1356. He was lord of
316:. He was the son of Diego Alfonso Tenorio, chief treasurer of the king, and Aldonza Jofre de Loaysa. He died fighting against the Muslims in a naval battle in the
126:
or the place where the monarch was, although the twenty knights and a similar number of squires on foot were in charge of protecting the monarch and his family.
1270:
Jular PĂ©rez-Alfaro, Cristina (1990), Servicio de
Publicaciones de la Universidad de LeĂłn y ConsejerĂa de Cultura y Turismo de la Junta de Castilla y LeĂłn (ed.),
589:(1375-1379) Sancho Fernández de Tovar. He was the son of the previous one and of Isabel de Padilla, having married Teresa de Toledo. He was lord of
1357:
1356:
Pardo de
Guevara y ValdĂ©s, Eduardo (2012), FundaciĂłn cultural de la Nobleza Española y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientĂficas (ed.),
1391:
1370:
1289:
436:
1386:, ColecciĂłn Historia de la Sociedad PolĂtica, dirigida por BartolomĂ© Clavero Salvador (in Spanish) (1st ed.), Madrid: Rumagraf S.A.,
356:
1206:"La Casa de Juan I de Castilla: aspectos domésticos y ámbitos privados de la realeza castellana a finales del siglo XIV (ca. 1370-1390)"
271:
629:
of
Seville, and was the son of Diego López de Zúñiga, lord of Alesanco, and Teresa Hurtado de Mendoza. Salazar and Acha, based on the
1279:
735:(1361) Íñigo Ortiz de Zúñiga, mentioned above. In 1361 he was chief guard to Queen Blanche of Bourbon, wife of Pedro I of Castile.
217:(1293-1294) Sancho Sánchez de Ulloa. He was a Castilian nobleman of the Ulloa family, also lord of Ulloa and of Monterroso and
1212:(in Spanish) (34), Madrid: Universidad Complutense: Servicio de Publicaciones y Departamento de Historia Medieval: 133–180,
545:
156:
211:
1409:
563:
451:
1274:, Biblioteca de Castilla y León: nº 12 de la Serie Historia (in Spanish) (1st ed.), León: Gráficas Celarayn S.A.,
1414:
71:
When the office of the king's ensign was monopolized by members of the high nobility in the 13th century, such as the
108:
722:
1359:
De linajes, parentelas y grupos de poder: aportaciones a la historia social de la nobleza bajomedieval gallega
286:
1379:
508:
of
Castile, officer of the king's squadron, and was the son of MartĂn Fernández Portocarrero and InĂ©s Pardo.
178:(person applying justice and overseeing the application of justice on myearrial lands) of LeĂłn and Asturias,
520:
1328:"De las viejas estirpes a las nuevas hidalguĂas. El entramado nobiliario gallego al fin de la Edad Media"
652:
to the same monarch. He was also the son of the
Portuguese knight Rui Pires da Fonseca and Inés de Acuña.
428:
275:
244:
193:
701:
412:
1235:(in Spanish) (2nd ed.), Valladolid: Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Valladolid
1290:"Los orĂgenes de la Hermandad de GuipĂşzcoa (las relaciones GuipĂşzcoa-Navarra en los siglos XIII-XIV)"
1205:
602:
279:
161:
122:
80:
676:
594:
567:
549:
Fictional portrait of Henry II of
Castile. By JosĂ© MarĂa RodrĂguez de Losada (Municipality of LeĂłn)
317:
114:
44:
718:
598:
590:
512:
416:
294:
96:
1308:
336:
1387:
1366:
1338:
1327:
1300:
1275:
1252:
1213:
648:) to King John I of Castile and his son Henry III, chief guard to King John I of Castile, and
459:
392:
52:
1337:(in Spanish) (3), La Coruña: Asociación cultural de Estudios históricos de Galicia: 263–278,
534:(1368) Gonzalo González Dávila. In 1368 he was the king's chief guard, according to a grant (
683:
455:
377:
136:
Coordinate everything related to the monarch's security and take charge of its organization.
65:
48:
1241:
583:
466:, among many other towns, chamberlain to King John I of Castile, and held the position of
637:
189:
671:
From this century several families held the position hereditarily and simultaneously:
1403:
313:
76:
72:
221:
of King Sancho IV of Castile. He was a member of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem.
422:(1352) According to DĂaz MartĂn, in February 1352, GĂłmez PĂ©rez de Toledo, who was
16:
Portuguese officer whose function was to protect the monarch and command his Guard
1251:(in Spanish) (5), El Puerto de Santa MarĂa: Cátedra Alfonso X el Sabio: 13–130,
571:
236:
232:
197:
147:, who were in charge of certain police and public order tasks within the court.
687:
201:
1342:
1304:
1256:
1217:
524:
478:
586:, and was the son of Ruy Fernández de Tovar and Elvira Ruiz Cabeza de Vaca.
705:
622:
490:
463:
419:. He was the son of Hernán Calvillo, lord of Cotillas, and Teresa GarcĂa.
384:
340:
307:
694:
376:(1350) Gutier Fernández de Toledo. He was lord of Anamella, steward of
344:
328:
302:
268:
180:
519:
of the king's household, among many other posts, and was also lord of
458:, son of Gonzalo Yáñez de Mendoza and Juana de Orozco. He was lord of
290:
252:
531:
of the Bishopric of Jaén and captain-general of the border in 1360.
1299:(in Spanish), San Sebastián: Sociedad de Estudios Vascos: 25–100,
640:, Casiyear and Condacunto in Portugal, among others, and was also
544:
501:
396:
355:
185:
164:
of Castile. By JosĂ© MarĂa RodrĂguez de Losada (LeĂłn City Council).
155:
55:
whose function was to protect the monarch and command his guard.
369:
Gran dobla de Pedro I de Castilla 1360 (M.A.N. 1867-21-2) 01.jpg
1382:(2000), Centro de Estudios PolĂticos y Constitucionales (ed.),
367:
of Peter I of Castile, son and successor of Alfonso XI, minted
231:(1327) Juan MartĂnez de Leiva. He was lord of Leiva, Banhos,
636:(1386) Pedro RodrĂguez de Fonseca. He held the lordships of
578:
of Castile, admiral of Castile, chief guard of the king and
633:), states that he was chief guard to Queen Blanche in 1361.
1272:
Los adelantados y merinos mayores de LeĂłn (siglos XIII-XV)
860:
848:
112:
Medieval picture depicting King Afonso X and his court.
1365:(in Spanish) (1st ed.), Madrid: Gráficas Alberdi,
473:(1354) Juan RodrĂguez de Cisneros. He was a Castillian
574:, Los Gelves and the Aljarafe. He held the offices of
493:. Cisneros was the son of Arias González de Cisneros,
411:
in the name of MartĂn LĂłpez de CĂłrdoba, master of the
133:
Commanding the personal guard that protected the king.
793:
278:
and later queen consort of Aragon by her marriage to
1384:
La casa del Rey de Castilla y LeĂłn en la Edad Media
631:
CrĂłnica do rei Dom Pedro ("Chronicle of King Peter"
1003:
919:
836:
139:Cooperate with other court officials such as the
667:Chiefs of the King's guard from the 15th century
625:, chief steward to Queen Blanche of Bourbon and
331:. He was the son of Diego RamĂrez de Cifuentes,
347:and Cifuentes, and Leonor Fernández de Saldaña.
327:(nobleman who fought for the king) and lord of
1188:
1176:
1149:
1134:
1078:
1066:
1039:
1027:
976:
942:
907:
883:
824:
805:
778:
766:
754:
621:(1380) Íñigo Ortiz de Zúñiga. He was lord of
383:(1351) Fernán Pérez Calvillo. He was lord of
8:
1164:
1117:
895:
470:of Castile between late 1365 and early 1366.
1326:Pardo de Guevara y Valdés, Eduardo (2005),
1090:
1015:
991:
961:
666:
174:(1286) Esteban Pérez Florián. He was also
1204:Cañas Gálvez, Francisco de Paula (2011),
644:of Castelo de Olivença, chief innkeeper (
481:and Guardo, chief guard of the king, and
323:(1350) Lope DĂaz de Cifuentes. Castilian
1297:Cuadernos de SecciĂłn. Historia-GeografĂa
107:
1249:Alcanate: Revista de estudios AlfonsĂes
744:
1240:González Jiménez, Manuel (2006–2007),
1160:
1158:
1145:
1143:
662:(1390-1394) Sancho Fernández de Tovar.
618:(1379-1390) Sancho Fernández de Tovar.
129:Other duties of the chief guard were:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
987:
985:
972:
970:
957:
955:
953:
951:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
789:
787:
582:He died of plague in 1384 during the
454:. He was a Castilian nobleman of the
403:of the king and his chief guard, and
7:
1233:Los oficiales de Pedro I de Castilla
820:
818:
816:
814:
750:
748:
559:(1369-1379) Men RodrĂguez de Biedma.
541:(1368-1369) Men RodrĂguez de Biedma.
497:of Castile, and MencĂa de Manzanedo.
380:of Castile and also his chief guard.
371:in Seville in 1360. (M.A.N., Madrid)
192:and lieutenant of the fortresses of
255:, knight of the Order of the Band (
1231:DĂaz MartĂn, Luis Vicente (1987),
265:notário-mor das mordomias rodadas)
152:List of chiefs of the king's guard
14:
477:, lord of the House of Viduerna,
395:in the territories from Vejas to
243:of Castile, guard and steward to
143:of the Royal House or the king's
1288:Orella Unzué, José Luis (1984),
1242:"La corte de Alfonso X el Sabio"
861:Pardo de Guevara y Valdés (2005
849:Pardo de Guevara y Valdés (2012
679:, lords of Cevico de la Torre.
1:
714:The Acuña, counts of BuendĂa.
711:Osorio, counts of Trastámara.
160:Speculative portrait of King
580:alcaide entregador da Mesta.
523:, La Mota, Tenorio, Mayela,
409:do adiantado-mor deste reino
794:González Jiménez (2006–2007
730:Chiefs of the queen's guard
297:, chief guard of the king,
257:cavaleiro da Ordem da Banda
1431:
207:(1290) Diego GĂłmez de Roa.
40:guarda-mor do Corpo do Rei
593:and chief guard of kings
564:Fernando Sánchez de Tovar
452:Pedro González de Mendoza
431:, Valdepusa and Malpica,
89:guarda-mor de nosso Corpo
29:Chief of the King's Corps
21:Chief of the King's Guard
1380:Salazar y Acha, Jaime de
1004:Jular PĂ©rez-Alfaro (1990
920:Jular PĂ©rez-Alfaro (1990
837:Jular PĂ©rez-Alfaro (1990
721:and descendants of King
47:) was an officer of the
267:and chamberlain to the
212:Fernán Pérez de Andrade
53:Portuguese Royal Family
693:The Fonseca, lords of
550:
521:Santisteban del Puerto
435:(notary major) of the
372:
274:of Castile, sister of
226:Alfonso XI (1312-1350)
165:
118:
1210:En la España medieval
729:
717:The Manuel, lords of
657:Henry III (1390-1406)
548:
359:
194:San Esteban de Gormaz
169:Sancho IV (1284-1295)
159:
151:
111:
1189:Salazar y Acha (2000
1179:, pp. 527, 551)
1177:Salazar y Acha (2000
1150:Salazar y Acha (2000
1135:Salazar y Acha (2000
1081:, pp. 399, 456)
1079:Salazar y Acha (2000
1067:Salazar y Acha (2000
1042:, pp. 548, 505)
1040:Salazar y Acha (2000
1028:Salazar y Acha (2000
977:Salazar y Acha (2000
943:Salazar y Acha (2000
910:, pp. 478, 546)
908:Salazar y Acha (2000
884:Salazar y Acha (2000
825:Salazar y Acha (2000
806:Salazar y Acha (2000
779:Salazar y Acha (2000
767:Salazar y Acha (2000
755:Salazar y Acha (2000
554:Henry II (1369-1379)
287:Alonso Jofré Tenorio
1410:Portuguese monarchy
1314:on 27 December 2013
1191:, pp. 325–326)
922:, pp. 216–217)
769:, pp. 324–325)
413:orders of Alcántara
352:Peter I (1350-1369)
318:Strait of Gibraltar
263:of Biscay, notary (
115:Libro de los juegos
83:of Castile. In the
1415:Kingdom of Castile
1165:Cañas Gálvez (2011
1118:Cañas Gálvez (2011
896:Orella Unzué (1984
719:Belmonte de Campos
610:John I (1379-1390)
591:Cevico de la Torre
551:
513:Blanche of Bourbon
373:
166:
119:
25:King's Chief Guard
1393:978-84-259-1128-6
1372:978-84-939737-2-8
1091:DĂaz MartĂn (1987
1018:, pp. 83–84)
1016:DĂaz MartĂn (1987
992:DĂaz MartĂn (1987
962:DĂaz MartĂn (1987
646:estalajadeiro-mor
566:. He was lord of
536:privilégio rodado
437:kingdom of Toledo
393:kingdom of Murcia
389:alcalde das sacas
289:. He was lord of
34:guarda-mor do rei
1422:
1396:
1375:
1364:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1332:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1313:
1307:, archived from
1294:
1284:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1246:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1153:
1147:
1138:
1132:
1121:
1115:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
989:
980:
974:
965:
959:
946:
940:
923:
917:
911:
905:
899:
893:
887:
881:
864:
858:
852:
846:
840:
834:
828:
822:
809:
803:
797:
791:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
456:House of Mendoza
121:In the reign of
66:Late Middle Ages
49:Crown of Castile
1430:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1378:
1373:
1362:
1355:
1347:
1345:
1330:
1325:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1269:
1261:
1259:
1244:
1239:
1230:
1222:
1220:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1156:
1148:
1141:
1133:
1124:
1116:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1010:
1002:
998:
990:
983:
975:
968:
960:
949:
941:
926:
918:
914:
906:
902:
894:
890:
882:
867:
859:
855:
847:
843:
835:
831:
823:
812:
804:
800:
792:
785:
777:
773:
765:
761:
753:
746:
742:
732:
669:
659:
612:
584:siege of Lisbon
556:
365:dobla de a diez
354:
280:King Alfonso IV
245:King Alfonso XI
228:
204:and Trastámara.
171:
154:
106:
61:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1428:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1376:
1371:
1353:
1323:
1285:
1280:
1267:
1237:
1228:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1167:, p. 170)
1154:
1152:, p. 557)
1139:
1137:, p. 549)
1122:
1120:, p. 180)
1095:
1083:
1071:
1069:, p. 548)
1044:
1032:
1030:, p. 455)
1020:
1008:
1006:, p. 556)
996:
981:
979:, p. 390)
966:
947:
945:, p. 547)
924:
912:
900:
888:
886:, p. 546)
865:
863:, p. 268)
853:
841:
839:, p. 549)
829:
827:, p. 545)
810:
808:, p. 326)
798:
783:
781:, p. 325)
771:
759:
757:, p. 324)
743:
741:
738:
737:
736:
731:
728:
727:
726:
715:
712:
709:
698:
691:
680:
668:
665:
664:
663:
658:
655:
654:
653:
634:
619:
616:
611:
608:
607:
606:
587:
560:
555:
552:
543:
542:
539:
532:
509:
498:
471:
448:
420:
381:
353:
350:
349:
348:
321:
283:
227:
224:
223:
222:
219:reposteiro-mor
215:
208:
205:
170:
167:
153:
150:
149:
148:
145:alguacis-mores
141:justiças-mores
137:
134:
105:
102:
60:
57:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1427:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1395:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1324:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1281:84-7719-225-1
1277:
1273:
1268:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1093:, p. 84)
1092:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1000:
997:
994:, p. 24)
993:
988:
986:
982:
978:
973:
971:
967:
964:, p. 83)
963:
958:
956:
954:
952:
948:
944:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
925:
921:
916:
913:
909:
904:
901:
898:, p. 39)
897:
892:
889:
885:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
866:
862:
857:
854:
851:, p. 54)
850:
845:
842:
838:
833:
830:
826:
821:
819:
817:
815:
811:
807:
802:
799:
796:, p. 26)
795:
790:
788:
784:
780:
775:
772:
768:
763:
760:
756:
751:
749:
745:
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58:
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50:
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41:
36:
35:
30:
26:
22:
1383:
1358:
1346:, retrieved
1334:
1318:12 September
1316:, retrieved
1309:the original
1296:
1271:
1260:, retrieved
1248:
1232:
1221:, retrieved
1209:
1198:Bibliography
1184:
1172:
1086:
1074:
1035:
1023:
1011:
999:
915:
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891:
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844:
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762:
670:
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641:
630:
626:
579:
575:
562:(1370-1374)
535:
529:caudilho-mor
528:
516:
505:
494:
489:of LeĂłn and
487:meirinho-mor
486:
482:
474:
467:
444:
440:
432:
424:alguacil-mor
423:
408:
404:
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388:
364:
360:
343:and lord of
332:
324:
306:
298:
285:(1327-1340)
264:
261:meirinho-mor
260:
256:
249:meirinho-mor
248:
247:of Castile,
241:meirinho-mor
240:
218:
179:
176:meirinho-mor
175:
144:
140:
128:
120:
113:
93:
88:
84:
70:
62:
39:
38:
33:
32:
28:
24:
20:
18:
725:of Castile.
704:, lords of
686:, lords of
650:selador-mor
627:alcalde-mor
605:of Castile.
572:Castroponce
517:justiça-mor
433:notário-mor
429:Casarrubios
237:Valdescaray
198:Castrojeriz
51:and of the
1404:Categories
1348:1 November
1223:2 November
740:References
495:rico homem
475:rico homem
361:Gran dobla
325:rico homem
282:of Aragon.
276:Alfonso XI
202:Fermoselle
45:Portuguese
1343:1885-6349
1305:0212-6397
1262:5 January
1257:1579-0576
1218:0214-3038
603:Henry III
568:Astudillo
525:Estivella
483:adiantado
479:Castrillo
417:Calatrava
162:Sancho IV
123:Alfonso X
81:Sancho IV
1335:Nalgures
706:Alesanco
684:Mendozas
623:Alesanco
595:Henry II
491:Asturias
464:Buitrago
385:Cotillas
341:Asturias
320:in 1340.
308:alguacil
233:A Coruña
75:and the
695:Badajoz
688:Almazán
642:alcalde
599:John II
450:(1353)
441:alcalde
405:tenente
401:alcalde
391:of the
378:Peter I
345:Almanza
329:Almansa
303:Seville
299:alcalde
295:Castile
269:Infanta
210:(1291)
181:alcalde
97:John II
85:CrĂłnica
59:History
1390:
1369:
1341:
1303:
1278:
1255:
1216:
702:Zúñiga
677:Tovars
314:Toledo
291:Moguer
272:Leonor
253:Biscay
235:, and
188:, and
104:Duties
1363:(PDF)
1331:(PDF)
1312:(PDF)
1293:(PDF)
1245:(PDF)
502:Pinto
397:Ontur
186:Serpa
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37:, or
27:, or
1388:ISBN
1367:ISBN
1350:2014
1339:ISSN
1320:2013
1301:ISSN
1276:ISBN
1264:2014
1253:ISSN
1225:2014
1214:ISSN
700:The
682:The
675:The
638:Mora
601:and
515:and
485:and
462:and
460:Hita
439:and
415:and
339:and
337:LeĂłn
310:-mor
305:and
190:Mora
77:Haro
73:Lara
19:The
445:mor
363:or
335:of
312:of
301:of
259:),
251:of
184:of
43:in
31:, (
1406::
1333:,
1295:,
1247:,
1208:,
1157:^
1142:^
1125:^
1098:^
1047:^
984:^
969:^
950:^
927:^
868:^
813:^
786:^
747:^
597:,
570:,
504:,
399:,
387:,
239:,
200:,
196:,
23:,
708:.
697:.
690:.
443:-
214:.
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