1091:(translated as "zhi" and "guan") into a complex system of self-cultivation practice that incorporated the Traditional Indian Buddhist Ayurvedic medicine, Taoism and elements of worship from Chinese folk religions that particularly included devotional rituals and confession/repentance rites forming a Buddhist medical cultural system that was based on the theory of Traditional Chinese medicine specifically designed and tailored for the Chinese culture and society Then in 585 he returned to Jinling, where he completed his monumental commentarial works on the
498:
1269:
delusions. "Cessation" provides good nourishment for nurturing the mind; "contemplation" is the sublime technique for arousing spiritual understanding. "Cessation" is the preeminent cause for dhyanic concentration; "contemplation" is the basis of wisdom. If one perfects the twofold aspects of concentration (samadhi) and wisdom, then one is fully endowed with the aspects of both benefiting oneself and benefiting others.
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three thousand realms. The three thousand realms of existence are all possessed by life in a single moment. If there is no life, that is the end of the matter. But if there is the slightest bit of life, it contains all the three thousand realms.... This is what we mean when we speak of the 'region of the unfathomable'.
2664:
and was the sum of his experience at Mount
Tiantai c.585 and inquiry thus far. Parsing the title, 'zhi' refers to "ch’an meditation and the concentrated and quiescent state attained thereby" and 'guan' refers to "contemplation and the wisdom attained thereby". Swanson reports that Zhiyi held that
2924:
Life at each moment is endowed with the Ten Worlds. At the same time, each of the Ten Worlds is endowed with all Ten Worlds, so that an entity of life actually possesses one hundred worlds. Each of these worlds in turn possesses thirty realms, which means that in the one hundred worlds there are
1268:
There are many ways to enter the true reality of nirvana, but none that is more essential or that goes beyond the twofold method of cessation-and-contemplation. The reason is that "cessation" is the preliminary gate for overcoming the bonds ; "contemplation" is the proper requisite for severing
2676:...is critical of an unbalanced emphasis on "meditation alone", portraying it as a possible "extreme" view and practice, and offering instead the binome zhi-guan 止觀 (calming/cessation and insight/contemplation, śamatha-vipaśyanā) as a more comprehensive term for Buddhist practice.
2665:
there are two modes of zhi-guan: that of sitting in meditation 坐, and that of "responding to objects in accordance with conditions" 歷緣對境, which is further refined as abiding in the natural state of a calm and insightful mind under any and all activities and conditions.
2798:– taught immediately after the Buddha attained Enlightenment, lasting 3 weeks. The teachings at this time were incomprehensible to all but advanced bodhisattvas, and thus Shakyamuni Buddha started over with more basic (the Agama) teachings.
1071:), Zhiyi left home to become a monk at eighteen, after the loss of his parents and his hometown Jiangling that fell to the Western Wei army when Zhiyi was seventeen. At 23, he received his most important influences from his first teacher,
1033:
to elaborate a complete, critical and systematic classification of the
Buddhist teachings. He is also regarded as the first major figure to make a significant break from the Indian tradition, to form an indigenous Chinese system.
3740:
Stevenson, Daniel B. (1986). The Four Kinds of Samādhi in Early T'ien-t'ai
Buddhism. In: Peter N. Gregory: Traditions of Meditation in Chinese Buddhism Vol. 1, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, pp. 45–98.
3669:
by Dharma Master Chi-I (T. 47 No. 1961). In: Pure Land
Buddhism - Dialogues with Ancient Masters, NY: Sutra Translation Committee of the United States and Canada & Buddha Dharma Education Association,
2733:半行半坐三昧) - Includes various practices such as chanting, contemplation of the emptiness of all dharmas and the "Lotus samādhi" which includes penance, prayer, worship of the Buddhas, and reciting the
1277:
It should be known that these two aspects are like the two wheels of a cart, or the two wings of a bird; if one side is cultivated disproportionately, then one falls prey to mistaken excess.
1079:
master who would later be listed as Zhiyi's predecessor in the
Tiantai lineage. After a period of study with Huisi (560–567), he spent some time working in the southern capital of
6531:
4595:
2828:
teachings among others. Here, the teachings were intended to demonstrate that the classifications of
Hinayana and Mahayana were expedient only, and that were ultimately empty.
2644:
Zhiyi developed a curriculum of practice which was distilled into the 'Four
Samadhis' (Chinese: 四種三昧; pinyin: sizhong sanmei). These Four Samadhi were expounded in Zhiyi's '
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3414:
3379:
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1083:. Then in 575 he went to Tiantai mountain for intensive study and practice with a group of disciples. Here he worked on adapting the Indian meditation principles of
5738:
2804:– taught at Deer Park, and lasting 12 years. These consisted of the most elementary teachings of the Buddha including karma, rebirth, the Four Noble Truths, etc.
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of Zhiyi's maturity and is held to be a "grand summary" of the
Buddhist Tradition according to his experience and understanding at that time. The text of the
3955:
2757:
In order to provide a comprehensive framework for
Buddhist doctrine, Zhiyi classified the various Buddhist sutras into the Five Periods and Eight Teachings (
1101:
holds that Zhiyi: "...provided a religious framework which seemed suited to adapt to other cultures, to evolve new practices, and to universalize
Buddhism."
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Gregory, Peter N (1986), Ch 'ang-lu Tsung-tse and Zen Meditation; in 'Traditions of Meditation in Chinese Buddhism', Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
953:
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844:
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3714:
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3324:
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4148:
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3666:
3655:
Swanson, Paul L.; trans. (2004). The Great Cessation and Contemplation (Mo-ho Chih-kuan, Chapter 1-6), CD-ROM, Tokyo: Kosei Publishing Co.
2917:. The number 'Three Thousand' is derived from the Ten Worlds, multiplied by ten , which gives 100, multiplied by ten which gives 3,000.
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537:
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527:
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3746:
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Shen, Haiyan. The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra: T’ien-t’ai Philosophy of Buddhism volumes I and II. Delhi: Originals, 2005.
2688:; Ch. 一行三昧) which is also known as the "samadhi of oneness" or the "calmness in which one realizes that all dharmas are the same" (
497:
6536:
6000:
5745:
3734:
3492:. Poh Ming Tse Symposium 2013: One Master Three Meditative Traditions. Singapore, August 30, 2013. pp. 30–47. Archived from
2748:" as they arise in the mind. One is to contemplate them as "not moving, not originated, not extinguished, not coming, not going".
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Zhiyi (沙門智顗), linking him to the broad tradition of Indian asceticism. Zhiyi is famous for being the first in the history of
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3422:. International Lotus Sutra Conference on the theme "The Lotus Sutra and Zen", 11–16 July 2002. p. 1. Archived from
3387:. International Lotus Sutra Conference on the theme "The Lotus Sutra and Zen", 11–16 July 2002. p. 4. Archived from
3349:. International Lotus Sutra Conference on the theme "The Lotus Sutra and Zen", 11–16 July 2002. p. 2. Archived from
3234:. International Lotus Sutra Conference on the theme "The Lotus Sutra and Zen", 11–16 July 2002. p. 5. Archived from
5890:
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5733:
5435:
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3139:. National Foreign Language Center Technical Reports. Buddhist studies program, University of Hawaii Press, p. 1.
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1235:. Of the works attributed to him (although many may have been written by his disciples), about thirty are extant.
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4000:
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996:
517:
454:
3204:. International Lotus Sutra Conference on the theme "The Lotus Sutra and Zen", 11–16 July 2002. Archived from
3177:. International Lotus Sutra Conference on the theme "The Lotus Sutra and Zen", 11–16 July 2002. Archived from
1945:
1720:
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3737:. In Conference Papers: Tiantai Buddhist Thought and Practice, Taipei: Huafan University, pp. 312–357
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Further. the teachings of the Buddha were organized into four types based on the capacity of listener:
2696:
that both refine, mark the passage to, and qualify the state of perfect enlightenment expounded in the
1076:
5510:
4650:
2962:
Foundations of Tʻien-Tʻai philosophy : the flowering of the two truths theory in Chinese Buddhism
1770:
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6367:
6352:
6240:
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5713:
5598:
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Dharmamitra (trans.): The Essentials of Buddhist Meditation by Shramana Zhiyi, Kalavinka Press 2008,
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2825:
1938:
532:
4181:
4108:
2834:– lasting 8 years. The teachings of this final period mark the most "perfect" teachings, namely the
1156:") was probably the first practical manual of meditation in China. With its direct influence on the
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3615:
Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism, Soka Gakkai, "Three Thousand Realms in a Single Moment of Life"
3025:
Li, Silong (2019). "Zhiyi's Concept of Diseases and the Interaction Between Buddhism and Taoism[".
2791:(오시팔교) in Korean. According to Zhiyi, the five periods of the Buddha's teachings were as follows:
2469:
2255:
2141:
2042:
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1191:") of Zhiyi as the seminal text of the Tiantai school. Among Zhiyi's many important works are the
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A Study and Translation on the Kuan-hsin-lun of Chih-i (538-597) and its Commentary by Kuan-Ting
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1904:
4186:
2810:– lasting 8 years. This marks the Buddha's teachings that begin to transition from so-called "
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These were compared in order to the five stages of milk: fresh milk, cream, curds, butter and
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3723:. Mélanges Chinois et Bouddhiques XII, Bruxelles: Institut Belge des Hautes Études Chinoises.
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Sekiguchi, Shindai, Tendai sho shikan no kenkyu, Tōkyō: Sankibō Busshorin (1954; repr. 1961)
3085:
3048:. Kelaniya University anniversary series. Kelaniya: Kelaniya University Press. p. 201.
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1963:
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3735:
The Development of Zhiyi´s Three Contemplations and its Relation to the Three Truths Theory
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Ch'an and Chih-kuan: T'ien-t'ai Chih-i's View of "Zen" and the Practice of the Lotus Sutra
3381:
Ch'an and Chih-kuan: T'ien-t'ai Chih-i's View of "Zen" and the Practice of the Lotus Sutra
3343:
Ch'an and Chih-kuan: T'ien-t'ai Chih-i's View of "Zen" and the Practice of the Lotus Sutra
3228:
Ch'an and Chih-kuan: T'ien-t'ai Chih-i's View of "Zen" and the Practice of the Lotus Sutra
3198:
Ch'an and Chih-kuan: T'ien-t'ai Chih-i's View of "Zen" and the Practice of the Lotus Sutra
3171:
Ch'an and Chih-kuan: T'ien-t'ai Chih-i's View of "Zen" and the Practice of the Lotus Sutra
2418:
2121:
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1004:
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2715:常坐三昧) - 90 days of motionless sitting, leaving the seat only for reasons of natural need.
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988:
293:
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as one of the great systematizers of religious thought and practice in world history."
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Zhiyi also notes that it’s necessary to have a balance between śamatha and vipaśyanā:
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Chih-i (538–597): An Introduction to the Life and Ideas of a Chinese Buddhist Monk
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Zhiyi taught the principle of Three Thousand Realms in a Single Thought Moment (
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163:
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3757:(17 June 2017). "On Tiantai Zhiyi's Theory of the Three Categories of Dharma".
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Contemplation: Practice, Doctrine and Wisdom in the Teaching of Zhiyi (538-597)
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3319:. Translated by Heisig, James W.; Knitter, Paul. World Wisdom. p. 311.
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324:
57:
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Together these were the Eight Teachings of the Buddha attributed to Zhiyi.
2226:
4700:
3693:"Early Chinese Zen Reexamined ~ A Supplement to 'Zen Buddhism: A History'"
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6250:
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Buswell, Robert E.; Lopez, Donald S. (2013). "Wushi" and "Wushi bajiao".
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2011:
1998:
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345:
118:
106:
3705:(author); Heisig, James W. (trans.) & Knitter, Paul, trans. (2005).
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was refined from lectures Zhiyi gave in 594 in the capital city of
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The five periods were based on quotations from various sutras. cf
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4484:
3562:
English Buddhist Dictionary Committee (2009). "Five Periods".
1487:
3027:
Journal of Peking University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)
3373:
3371:
1095:, the Fahua wenzhu (587 CE), and the Fahua xuanyi (593 CE).
1037:
According to David W. Chappell, Zhiyi "has been ranked with
496:
1699:
3004:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 911.
2913:) in his 'Great Concentration and Insight', based on the
2700:. The term "Samadhi of Oneness" was subsequently used by
364:
350:
336:
3765:(2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 237–256.
2824:– lasting 22 years. The teachings here consist of the
3307:
3305:
459:
2722:常行三昧) - 90 days of mindful walking and meditating on
312:
298:
284:
3002:"Tiantai Zhiyi", in Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
2920:
Volume 5 of Great Concentration and Insight states:
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3759:
Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences
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384:
379:
358:
344:
330:
323:
306:
292:
278:
271:
266:
248:
234:
229:
220:
194:
189:
177:
172:
162:
150:
142:
132:
124:
114:
91:
72:
67:
41:
3707:Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 1: India and China
3682:'Is Tendai Buddhism Relevant to the Modern World?'
3317:Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 1: India and China
3262:"Is Tendai Buddhism Relevant to the Modern World?"
3071:"Is Tendai Buddhism Relevant to the Modern World?"
2842:, which encompass the Buddha's original intention.
2883:Teachings that transcend both (e.g. Lotus Sutra)
3638:Donner, Neal & Daniel B. Stevenson (1993).
3598:[Tiantai Zhiyi's System of Teachings].
2922:
1226:
1207:
6532:Northern and Southern dynasties Buddhist monks
3046:Buddhism and traditional medicine in Sri Lanka
1220:
1201:
436:
158:), Master Tiantai (天台大師), Master Zhizhe (智者大師)
3814:
3611:
3609:
2900:
2625:
1058:
974:
947:
254:
240:
8:
4596:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
3541:. Princeton University Press. p. 1003.
3220:
3218:
2964:. Berkeley, Calif.: Asian Humanities Press.
1008:
390:
1189:Great treatise on Concentration and Insight
1160:was very influential in the development of
3821:
3807:
3799:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3486:The Śamatha and Vipaśyanā in Tian Tai]
2744:非行非坐三昧) - This includes "the awareness of
2632:
2618:
1285:
954:
940:
476:
445:
399:
263:
56:
38:
3662:, Hamilton, Ontario: McMaster University
3642:. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.
3137:T'ien-T'ai Buddhism and early Mādhyamika
2891:Three Thousand Realms in a Single Moment
1260:(wise seeing or contemplation). Zhiyi's
1252:offers an exposition of the practice of
5783:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
2952:
2740:"Neither Walking nor Sitting Samādhi" (
1297:
1145:
488:
5986:List of Buddhist architecture in China
3565:The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism
1017:(陳德安), is the fourth patriarch of the
366:
314:
217:
3697:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
3686:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
3464:from the original on 16 February 2012
3269:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
3078:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
1154:Treatise on Concentration and Insight
7:
3539:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
2753:The Five Periods and Eight Teachings
2729:"Half-Walking Half-Seated Samādhi" (
1197:Words and Phrases of the Lotus Sutra
3640:The Great Calming and Contemplation
3458:Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies
1216:Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra
538:Four Buddhist Persecutions in China
27:Chinese Buddhist founder of Tiantai
5773:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
3158:(accessed: Thursday 22 April 2010)
1668:Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika distinction
25:
3448:Sheng-Yen (聖嚴法師) (October 1988).
3281:10.18874/jjrs.14.2-3.1987.247-266
3090:10.18874/jjrs.14.2-3.1987.247-266
2668:Swanson states that Zhiyi in the
6454:
6444:
6443:
6001:Thai temple art and architecture
5746:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
3986:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
3852:
3839:
3829:
3665:Thich Tien Tam, trans. (1992).
2601:
3853:
2866:Secret or "esoteric" teachings.
2680:The "Samadhi of One Practice" (
365:
351:
337:
5991:Japanese Buddhist architecture
5793:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
4873:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
4064:Places where the Buddha stayed
3568:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
3044:Liyanaratne, Jinadasa (1999).
2779:
2770:
2762:
2718:"Constantly Walking Samādhi" (
1135:
1126:
1118:
1059:
845:Buddhist architecture in China
460:
414:
313:
299:
285:
255:
241:
205:
199:
155:
1:
6006:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
2711:"Constantly Seated Samādhi" (
1377:Unity of knowledge and action
911:Buddhist Association of China
6492:Chinese scholars of Buddhism
5763:Buddhism and the Roman world
5739:Decline of Buddhism in India
5734:History of Buddhism in India
3834: Topics in
3726:Kantor, Hans-Rudolf (2002).
2832:The Lotus and Nirvana Period
2808:The Correct and Equal Period
2783:). These were also known as
4961:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
4701:
3691:Dumoulin, Heinrich (1993).
3680:Chappell, David W. (1987).
3260:Chappell, David W. (1987).
3069:Chappell, David W. (1987).
2870:and four types of sources:
1394:Theory of Evil Human Nature
1382:Theory of Good Human Nature
1256:(calming or cessation) and
1227:
1208:
6553:
6522:6th-century Chinese people
6507:Sui dynasty Buddhist monks
5911:The unanswerable questions
3602:(in Chinese) (5): 210–211.
3600:Chung-Hwa Buddhist Studies
1315:Hundred Schools of Thought
62:Painting of Śramaṇa Zhiyi.
29:
6439:
5996:Buddhist temples in Korea
4559:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
4462:Three planes of existence
4069:Buddha in world religions
3848:
3771:10.1007/s40647-017-0183-x
3730:, Inter-Religio 42, 21-37
3667:Ten Doubt about Pure Land
3413:Swanson, Paul L. (2002).
3378:Swanson, Paul L. (2002).
3340:Swanson, Paul L. (2002).
3225:Swanson, Paul L. (2002).
3195:Swanson, Paul L. (2002).
3168:Swanson, Paul L. (2002).
2960:Swanson, Paul L. (1989).
2901:
2796:The Flower Garland period
1607:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
1244:View on śamatha-vipaśyanā
1221:
1202:
1025:. His standard title was
1009:
975:
471:
444:
437:
398:
391:
262:
225:
55:
48:
5778:Persecution of Buddhists
4999:Four stages of awakening
4380:Three marks of existence
3966:Physical characteristics
3595:
1167:Rujun Wu identifies the
518:Buddhism in Central Asia
236:Traditional Chinese
49:
30:For the given name, see
6537:Liang dynasty Buddhists
5141:Ten principal disciples
4024:(aunt, adoptive mother)
3733:Rhodes, Robert (2012).
2880:Teachings found in both
2863:Indeterminate teachings
2707:The Four Samadhis are:
1067:, Jing Prefecture (now
250:Simplified Chinese
6527:Chen dynasty Buddhists
6497:Northern Wei Buddhists
5851:Buddhism and democracy
5364:Tibetan Buddhist canon
5359:Chinese Buddhist canon
4591:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
4586:Early Buddhist schools
3755:Nasoraia, Brikha H. S.
3719:Hurvitz, Leon (1962).
2927:
2678:
1279:
1271:
1075:(515–577 CE), a
997:Japanese pronunciation
822:Chinese Buddhist canon
528:Silk Road transmission
502:
6502:Northern Qi Buddhists
5861:Eight Consciousnesses
3971:Life of Buddha in art
3658:Tam, Wai Lun (1986).
2742:fēixíng fēizuò sānmèi
2731:bànxíng bànzuò sānmèi
2674:
2608:Philosophy portal
2321:Japanese Confucianism
1590:East Asian Mādhyamaka
1539:Military and Strategy
1275:
1266:
500:
6338:East Asian religions
5768:Buddhism in the West
5339:Early Buddhist texts
4954:Four Right Exertions
4420:Ten spiritual realms
3913:Noble Eightfold Path
3582:on 26 February 2016.
2998:Lopez, Donald S. Jr.
2850:(clarified butter).
2826:Perfection of Wisdom
533:Dunhuang manuscripts
409:Revised Romanization
6461:Religion portal
6208:Temple of the Tooth
6087:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
5126:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
4619:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
4402:Two truths doctrine
4222:Mahapajapati Gotamī
4022:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2759:traditional Chinese
2470:Korean Confucianism
1946:Nāstika (heterodox)
1173:Traditional Chinese
1123:traditional Chinese
1013:; 538–597 CE) also
804:Humanistic Buddhism
6383:Western philosophy
5981:Dzong architecture
5803:Vipassana movement
5798:Buddhist modernism
5226:Emperor Wen of Sui
4994:Pratyekabuddhayāna
4927:Threefold Training
4729:Vipassana movement
4445:Hungry Ghost realm
4265:Avidyā (Ignorance)
4212:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
3961:Great Renunciation
3956:Eight Great Events
3838:
3703:Dumoulin, Heinrich
3313:Dumoulin, Heinrich
3290:on 24 October 2013
3099:on 24 October 2013
2994:Buswell, Robert Jr
2767:simplified Chinese
1922:Gangesha Upadhyaya
1658:Four Tenets system
1299:Eastern philosophy
1177:Simplified Chinese
1115:simplified Chinese
893:White Horse Temple
503:
32:Zhiyi (given name)
6517:People from Ezhou
6512:Tiantai Buddhists
6469:
6468:
6107:Om mani padme hum
5813:Women in Buddhism
5729:Buddhist councils
5599:Western countries
5387:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
5148:Shaolin Monastery
4725:Samatha-vipassanā
4335:Pratītyasamutpāda
4139:Metteyya/Maitreya
4057:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4025:
4017:
4009:
3886:Four Noble Truths
3715:978-0-941532-89-1
3675:Secondary sources
3634:978-1-935413-00-4
3326:978-0-941532-89-1
3153:978-0-8248-1561-5
3135:Rujun Wu (1993).
3055:978-955-9044-35-2
2860:Gradual teachings
2838:and the Mahayana
2822:The Wisdom Period
2692:), is one of the
2642:
2641:
2268:Japanese Buddhism
2237:Pratītyasamutpāda
1721:Āstika (orthodox)
1663:Rangtong-Shentong
1282:The Four Samadhis
1023:Buddhism in China
964:
963:
799:Esoteric Buddhism
501:Chinese: "Buddha"
475:
474:
467:
466:
421:
420:
375:
374:
332:Yale Romanization
273:Standard Mandarin
216:
215:
164:Dharma names
16:(Redirected from
6544:
6459:
6458:
6447:
6446:
6286:Sacred languages
6134:Maya Devi Temple
6097:Mahabodhi Temple
5901:Secular Buddhism
5866:Engaged Buddhism
4706:
4554:Tibetan Buddhism
4505:Vietnamese Thiền
4104:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
4055:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4015:
4007:
3856:
3855:
3843:
3833:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3800:
3790:
3709:. World Wisdom.
3688:14/2-3, 247–266.
3616:
3613:
3604:
3603:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3578:. Archived from
3559:
3553:
3552:
3534:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3491:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3460:] (2): 364.
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3428:
3421:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3393:
3386:
3375:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3355:
3348:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3289:
3283:. Archived from
3266:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3240:
3233:
3222:
3213:
3212:
3211:on 10 July 2007.
3210:
3203:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3184:on 10 July 2007.
3183:
3176:
3165:
3159:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3098:
3092:. Archived from
3075:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3022:
3016:
3015:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2957:
2904:
2903:
2857:Sudden teachings
2802:The Agama Period
2787:in Japanese and
2781:
2772:
2764:
2720:chángxíng sānmèi
2686:Ekavyūha Samādhi
2634:
2627:
2620:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2584:Minjung theology
2364:Motoori Norinaga
2043:Ātman (Buddhism)
2038:Ātman (Hinduism)
1964:Kashmir Shaivism
1729:Vedic philosophy
1614:Tibetan Buddhism
1433:New Confucianism
1408:Neo Confucianism
1402:
1390:
1286:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1147:
1137:
1128:
1120:
1065:Huarong District
1062:
1061:
1031:Chinese Buddhism
1012:
1011:
978:
977:
956:
949:
942:
888:Tiantai Mountain
827:Taishō Tripiṭaka
676:Hongzhi Zhengjue
490:Chinese Buddhism
477:
463:
462:
446:
440:
439:
417:
416:
400:
394:
393:
371:
370:
369:
354:
353:
340:
339:
319:
318:
317:
302:
301:
288:
287:
264:
258:
257:
244:
243:
218:
207:
201:
157:
151:Other names
98:
60:
39:
21:
6552:
6551:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6541:
6472:
6471:
6470:
6465:
6453:
6435:
6387:
6302:
6217:
5954:Ordination hall
5915:
5817:
5788:Buddhist crisis
5700:
5397:
5349:Mahayana sutras
5325:
5321:Thích Nhất Hạnh
5152:
5025:
4965:
4915:Bodhisattva vow
4600:
4466:
4406:
4365:Taṇhā (Craving)
4300:Five hindrances
4251:
4143:
4073:
3927:
3872:
3844:
3827:
3797:
3752:
3677:
3670:pp. 19–51.
3625:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3607:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3576:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3549:
3536:
3535:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3499:on 24 May 2015.
3496:
3489:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3467:
3465:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3432:
3430:
3429:on 10 July 2007
3426:
3419:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3397:
3395:
3394:on 10 July 2007
3391:
3384:
3377:
3376:
3369:
3359:
3357:
3356:on 10 July 2007
3353:
3346:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3327:
3311:
3310:
3303:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3244:
3242:
3241:on 10 July 2007
3238:
3231:
3224:
3223:
3216:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3134:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3056:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3012:
3000:, eds. (2013).
2992:
2991:
2987:
2972:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2932:
2893:
2814:" teachings to
2755:
2713:chángzuò sānmèi
2638:
2602:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2579:
2566:
2562:
2549:
2530:
2477:
2473:
2422:
2419:Korean Buddhism
2415:
2409:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2359:
2324:
2271:
2264:
2258:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2207:
2158:
2145:
2125:
2048:Ātman (Jainism)
2020:
2007:
1989:
1949:
1934:
1917:
1884:
1867:
1831:Sri Vaishnavism
1792:
1775:
1733:
1724:
1716:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1690:
1617:
1556:
1541:
1528:
1508:
1483:
1460:
1456:
1436:
1411:
1396:
1384:
1347:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1310:
1284:
1246:
1241:
1231:
1218:
1199:
1162:Chan meditation
1146:Hsiao chih-kuan
1107:
1105:Important works
1051:
960:
931:
930:
906:
898:
897:
858:
850:
849:
840:
832:
831:
817:
809:
808:
764:
756:
755:
551:
543:
542:
513:
209:
203:
182:
110:
100:
96:
87:
77:
76:16 February 538
63:
51:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6550:
6548:
6540:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6474:
6473:
6467:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6451:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6397:
6395:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6334:
6333:
6328:
6318:
6312:
6310:
6304:
6303:
6301:
6300:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6227:
6225:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6110:
6109:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6083:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6021:
6020:
6018:Greco-Buddhist
6010:
6009:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5969:Burmese pagoda
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5925:
5923:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5827:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5759:
5758:
5751:Greco-Buddhism
5748:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5710:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5684:United Kingdom
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5629:Czech Republic
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5579:
5578:
5577:
5567:
5566:
5565:
5560:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5508:
5503:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5407:
5405:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5393:Abhidharmadīpa
5390:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5335:
5333:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5311:B. R. Ambedkar
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5231:Songtsen Gampo
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5162:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
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4967:
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4956:
4946:
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4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4910:Eight precepts
4907:
4897:
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4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4870:
4869:
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4858:
4853:
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4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4698:
4688:
4683:
4681:Five Strengths
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4647:
4646:
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4452:
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4407:
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4387:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4320:Mental factors
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4261:
4259:
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4229:
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4219:
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4174:
4172:Mahamoggallāna
4169:
4164:
4159:
4153:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
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4096:
4095:
4094:
4087:Avalokiteśvara
4083:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4066:
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3795:External links
3793:
3792:
3791:
3753:Shen, Haiyan;
3750:
3738:
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2936:Guoqing Temple
2931:
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2911:Yīniàn Sānqiān
2892:
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2749:
2746:mental factors
2738:
2727:
2716:
2690:Wing-tsit Chan
2640:
2639:
2637:
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2629:
2622:
2614:
2611:
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2597:
2596:
2592:
2591:
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2574:
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2560:Modern Thought
2557:
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2524:
2519:
2517:Jeong Yak-yong
2514:
2509:
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2487:Seo Gyeongdeok
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2393:Kitaro Nishida
2370:Modern Thought
2367:
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2329:Fujiwara Seika
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2018:General topics
2015:
2014:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1984:
1983:
1978:
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1971:
1961:
1956:
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1941:
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1688:General topics
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1583:Guifeng Zongmi
1580:
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1053:Born with the
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1039:Thomas Aquinas
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696:Hanshan Deqing
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641:Śubhakarasiṃha
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449:Transcriptions
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403:Transcriptions
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325:Yue: Cantonese
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267:Transcriptions
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196:
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190:Senior posting
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184:Guoqing Temple
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146:4th generation
144:
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103:Tiantai County
101:
99:(aged 59)
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80:Gong'an County
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6279:
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6269:
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6264:
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6223:Miscellaneous
6220:
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6213:Vegetarianism
6211:
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6035:Buddha in art
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5709:
5707:
5703:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5689:United States
5687:
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5682:
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5670:
5667:
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5660:
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5627:
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5620:
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5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
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5600:
5597:
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5584:
5583:
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5568:
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5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5516:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5246:Padmasambhava
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5158:Major figures
5155:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5105:
5104:Western tulku
5102:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
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5042:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4905:Five precepts
4903:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4883:Dhamma vicaya
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4651:Buddhābhiṣeka
4649:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4295:Enlightenment
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4285:Dhamma theory
4283:
4281:
4280:Buddha-nature
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4119:Samantabhadra
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4050:
4044:
4042:
4036:
4034:
4028:
4026:
4020:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3824:
3819:
3817:
3812:
3810:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3794:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3748:
3747:0-8248-1088-0
3744:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3594:林志欽 (2001).
3589:
3586:
3581:
3577:
3575:9788120833340
3571:
3567:
3566:
3558:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3540:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3513:(in Japanese)
3512:
3506:
3503:
3495:
3488:
3487:
3479:
3476:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3444:
3441:
3425:
3418:
3417:
3409:
3406:
3390:
3383:
3382:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3352:
3345:
3344:
3336:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3253:
3237:
3230:
3229:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3207:
3200:
3199:
3191:
3188:
3180:
3173:
3172:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3145:0-8248-1561-0
3142:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3021:
3018:
3013:
3011:9780691157863
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2971:0-89581-918-X
2967:
2963:
2956:
2953:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2890:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2841:
2840:Nirvana Sutra
2837:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2623:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2599:
2598:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2522:Kim Jeong-hui
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:Hayashi Razan
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2293:Rinzai school
2291:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1969:Abhinavagupta
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1834:
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1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
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1795:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1678:
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1676:
1669:
1666:
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1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1627:Sakya Pandita
1625:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1573:Huayan school
1571:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1421:Wang Yangming
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1229:
1217:
1210:
1198:
1194:
1193:Liumiao Famen
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1021:tradition of
1020:
1016:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
972:
968:
957:
952:
950:
945:
943:
938:
937:
935:
934:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
902:
901:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
860:
854:
853:
846:
843:
842:
836:
835:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
813:
812:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
760:
759:
752:
749:
747:
746:Nan Huai-Chin
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
681:Dahui Zonggao
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
666:Daman Hongren
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
550:Major figures
547:
546:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
523:Dharmaguptaka
521:
519:
516:
515:
512:
507:
506:
499:
495:
494:
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:
470:
458:
456:
452:
447:
443:
435:
433:
429:
426:Japanese name
424:
412:
410:
406:
401:
397:
389:
387:
383:
378:
368:
363:
361:
357:
349:
347:
343:
335:
333:
329:
326:
322:
316:
311:
309:
305:
297:
295:
291:
283:
281:
277:
274:
270:
265:
261:
253:
251:
247:
239:
237:
233:
228:
224:
219:
212:
197:
193:
188:
185:
181:Waguan Temple
180:
176:
171:
167:
165:
161:
153:
149:
145:
141:
138:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
108:
104:
94:
90:
85:
81:
75:
71:
66:
59:
54:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6401:Bodhisattvas
6321:Christianity
6316:Baháʼí Faith
6181:Dharmachakra
6171:Prayer wheel
6161:Prayer beads
5929:Architecture
5808:969 Movement
5592:Saudi Arabia
5570:Central Asia
5563:South Africa
5385:
5368:
5301:Panchen Lama
5220:
5206:Buddhapālita
4802:Satipatthana
4797:Mindful Yoga
4710:Recollection
4624:Brahmavihara
4495:Japanese Zen
4490:Chinese Chan
4450:Animal realm
4257:Key concepts
4079:Bodhisattvas
3891:Three Jewels
3762:
3758:
3720:
3706:
3696:
3685:
3639:
3599:
3588:
3580:the original
3564:
3557:
3538:
3515:. Retrieved
3505:
3494:the original
3485:
3478:
3466:. Retrieved
3457:
3453:
3443:
3431:. Retrieved
3424:the original
3415:
3408:
3396:. Retrieved
3389:the original
3380:
3358:. Retrieved
3351:the original
3342:
3335:
3316:
3292:. Retrieved
3285:the original
3275:(2–3): 249.
3272:
3268:
3255:
3243:. Retrieved
3236:the original
3227:
3206:the original
3197:
3190:
3179:the original
3170:
3163:
3136:
3131:
3122:
3113:
3101:. Retrieved
3094:the original
3084:(2–3): 247.
3081:
3077:
3064:
3045:
3039:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3001:
2988:
2961:
2955:
2941:Zhou Jichang
2923:
2919:
2910:
2894:
2886:
2869:
2852:
2845:
2831:
2821:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2788:
2784:
2780:wǔshí bājiào
2778:
2756:
2741:
2730:
2719:
2712:
2706:
2698:Mohe Zhiguan
2697:
2694:Four Samadhi
2693:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2675:
2670:Mohe Zhiguan
2669:
2667:
2658:Mohe Zhiguan
2657:
2650:Mohe Zhiguan
2649:
2646:Mohe Zhiguan
2645:
2643:
2576:
2575:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2544:
2543:
2527:
2526:
2482:Chŏng To-jŏn
2474:
2468:
2467:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2385:Kyoto School
2383:
2382:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2354:
2353:
2319:
2318:
2276:Japanese Zen
2266:
2265:
2261:
2204:
2203:
2192:Indian logic
2155:
2154:
2140:
2139:
2120:
2119:
2075:Indian logic
2060:Anekantavada
2017:
2016:
2004:
2003:
1986:
1985:
1976:Pratyabhijna
1944:
1943:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1824:Madhvacharya
1812:Adi Shankara
1786:
1785:
1784:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1719:
1687:
1686:
1673:
1672:
1612:
1611:
1602:Chinese Chan
1565:
1553:Han Buddhism
1551:
1550:
1538:
1537:
1523:
1522:
1503:
1502:
1480:
1479:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1431:
1430:
1406:
1405:
1357:Filial piety
1344:
1343:
1326:
1322:Confucianism
1320:
1319:
1313:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1262:Xiao Zhiguan
1261:
1250:Xiao Zhiguan
1249:
1247:
1228:Fahua Xuanyi
1215:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1185:Móhē Zhǐguān
1184:
1169:Mohe Zhiguan
1166:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1136:Xiǎo Zhǐguān
1134:
1111:Xiao Zhiguan
1110:
1108:
1097:
1073:Nanyue Huisi
1052:
1036:
1014:
1003:;
1000:
995:;
992:
987:;
984:
979:;
966:
965:
921:Martial arts
873:Mount Jiuhua
857:Sacred Sites
839:Architecture
711:Miyun Yuanwu
620:
455:Romanization
280:Hanyu Pinyin
230:Chinese name
211:Nanyue Huisi
173:Organization
154:Chen De'an (
95:3 August 597
36:
6246:Dharma talk
6075:Asalha Puja
5871:Eschatology
5674:Switzerland
5654:New Zealand
5582:Middle East
5491:Philippines
5411:Afghanistan
5216:Bodhidharma
5201:Buddhaghosa
5121:Householder
5031:Monasticism
4984:Bodhisattva
4839:Prostration
4792:Mindfulness
4720:Anapanasati
4703:Kammaṭṭhāna
4500:Korean Seon
4440:Asura realm
4435:Human realm
4375:Ten Fetters
4330:Parinirvana
4232:Uppalavanna
4197:Mahākaccana
4182:Mahākassapa
4114:Kṣitigarbha
4109:Ākāśagarbha
4006:Suddhodāna
3951:Four sights
3878:Foundations
3468:16 February
3450:"Tso-Ch'an"
3033:(2): 62–71.
2915:Lotus Sutra
2836:Lotus Sutra
2785:goji hakkyō
2735:Lotus sutra
2654:magnum opus
2571:Jaegwon Kim
2281:Sōtō school
2185:Dharmakirti
1930:Vaisheshika
1913:Navya-Nyāya
1848:Vivekananda
1843:Neo-Vedanta
1763:Yajnavalkya
1446:Mou Zongsan
1441:Xiong Shili
1397: [
1385: [
1209:Fahua Wenju
1093:Lotus Sutra
878:Mount Putuo
863:Mount Wutai
736:Yang Wenhui
656:Bodhidharma
651:Amoghavajra
380:Korean name
125:Nationality
97:(597-08-03)
6487:597 deaths
6482:538 births
6476:Categories
6363:Psychology
6343:Gnosticism
6331:Comparison
6326:Influences
6308:Comparison
6191:Bhavacakra
6149:Kushinagar
6124:Pilgrimage
6070:Māgha Pūjā
6025:Bodhi Tree
5841:Buddhology
5831:Abhidharma
5823:Philosophy
5756:Menander I
5624:Costa Rica
5575:Uzbekistan
5416:Bangladesh
5370:Dhammapada
5354:Pali Canon
5316:Ajahn Chah
5296:Dalai Lama
5196:Kumārajīva
5191:Vasubandhu
5166:The Buddha
5074:Zen master
5009:Sakadagami
4989:Buddhahood
4920:Pratimokṣa
4735:Shikantaza
4691:Meditation
4666:Deity yoga
4537:Madhyamaka
4430:Deva realm
4325:Mindstream
4275:Bodhicitta
4187:Aṅgulimāla
4054:Devadatta
4030:Yaśodharā
3933:The Buddha
3923:Middle Way
3699:1993 20/1.
3651:8188629413
3596:天台智顗教觀思想體系
3155:. Source:
2789:osi palgyo
2492:Yi Eonjeok
2413:Traditions
2349:Ogyū Sorai
2344:Itō Jinsai
2339:Nakae Tōju
2262:Traditions
2180:Vasubandhu
2163:Madhyamika
2156:Traditions
2150:The Buddha
2130:Haribhadra
2100:Nondualism
1802:Badarayana
1748:Ashtavakra
1651:Tsongkhapa
1639:Longchenpa
1518:Shang Yang
1158:Tso-chan-i
1141:Wade–Giles
1077:meditation
1043:al-Ghazali
1015:Chen De'an
989:Wade–Giles
868:Mount Emei
763:Traditions
706:Ouyi Zhixu
671:Mazu Daoyi
646:Vajrabodhi
576:Paramartha
561:Kumārajīva
294:Wade–Giles
204:Huikuang (
6431:Festivals
6411:Buddhists
6373:Theosophy
6176:Symbolism
6166:Hama yumi
6139:Bodh Gaya
5906:Socialism
5881:Evolution
5856:Economics
5694:Venezuela
5609:Australia
5604:Argentina
5528:Sri Lanka
5523:Singapore
5441:Indonesia
5403:Countries
5344:Tripiṭaka
5306:Ajahn Mun
5181:Nagarjuna
5176:Aśvaghoṣa
5059:Anagārika
5054:Śrāmaṇerī
5049:Śrāmaṇera
5044:Bhikkhunī
5004:Sotāpanna
4893:Passaddhi
4834:Offerings
4809:Nekkhamma
4686:Iddhipada
4606:Practices
4576:Theravada
4549:Vajrayana
4542:Yogachara
4512:Pure Land
4425:Six Paths
4412:Cosmology
4192:Anuruddha
4167:Sāriputta
4157:Kaundinya
4149:Disciples
4124:Vajrapāṇi
3976:Footprint
3941:Tathāgata
3787:256393493
3779:1674-0750
3483:Fa Qing.
3294:16 August
3103:16 August
2554:Choe Je-u
2512:Bak Jiwon
2242:Emptiness
2168:Nagarjuna
1889:Patanjali
1853:Aurobindo
1807:Gaudapada
1758:Vashistha
1513:Han Feizi
1475:Lie Yukou
1334:Confucius
1258:vipaśyanā
1089:vipaśyanā
1049:Biography
784:Pure Land
731:Hsuan Hua
636:Chengguan
556:Lokakṣema
352:Zi3-ngai5
6449:Category
6378:Violence
6348:Hinduism
6296:Sanskrit
6251:Hinayana
6236:Amitābha
6196:Swastika
6065:Uposatha
6055:Holidays
6040:Calendar
5886:Humanism
5724:Kanishka
5714:Timeline
5538:Thailand
5506:Kalmykia
5501:Buryatia
5486:Pakistan
5471:Mongolia
5466:Maldives
5461:Malaysia
5426:Cambodia
5291:Shamarpa
5286:Nichiren
5236:Xuanzang
5171:Nagasena
5089:Rinpoche
4819:Pāramitā
4661:Devotion
4581:Navayana
4569:Dzogchen
4532:Nichiren
4480:Mahayana
4472:Branches
4350:Saṅkhāra
4099:Mañjuśrī
4056:(cousin)
4048:(cousin)
4016:(mother)
4008:(father)
3996:Miracles
3946:Birthday
3863:Glossary
3836:Buddhism
3511:"天台宗の法要"
3462:Archived
3315:(2005).
2980:19270856
2930:See also
2877:Mahayana
2874:Hinayana
2816:Mahayana
2812:Hinayana
2724:Amitabha
2497:Yi Hwang
2449:Cheontae
2356:Kokugaku
2175:Yogacara
2142:Buddhism
2135:Umaswati
2012:Chanakya
1999:Valluvar
1994:Valluvam
1959:Charvaka
1836:Ramanuja
1505:Legalism
1493:Yin yang
1470:Zhuangzi
1291:a series
1289:Part of
1248:Zhiyi's
1239:Teaching
1179:: 摩诃止观;
1175:: 摩訶止觀;
1109:Zhiyi's
1099:Chappell
1081:Jiankang
883:Mount Lu
741:Yin Shun
701:Zhu Hong
591:Woncheuk
581:Xuanzang
566:Sengzhao
482:a series
480:Part of
346:Jyutping
338:Ji-ngáih
119:Buddhism
115:Religion
107:Zhejiang
68:Personal
6426:Temples
6406:Buddhas
6368:Science
6358:Judaism
6353:Jainism
6271:Lineage
6231:Abhijñā
6201:Thangka
6144:Sarnath
6129:Lumbini
6050:Funeral
6045:Cuisine
5921:Culture
5896:Reality
5846:Creator
5836:Atomism
5706:History
5679:Ukraine
5639:Germany
5558:Senegal
5548:Vietnam
5476:Myanmar
5276:Shinran
5266:Karmapa
5241:Shandao
5211:Dignāga
5136:Śrāvaka
5116:Donchee
5111:Kappiya
5069:Sayadaw
5039:Bhikkhu
5014:Anāgāmi
4971:Nirvana
4937:Samadhi
4824:Paritta
4765:Tonglen
4760:Mandala
4715:Smarana
4696:Mantras
4644:Upekkha
4614:Bhavana
4564:Shingon
4517:Tiantai
4370:Tathātā
4360:Śūnyatā
4355:Skandha
4345:Saṃsāra
4340:Rebirth
4315:Kleshas
4305:Indriya
4207:Subhūti
4092:Guanyin
4046:Ānanda
4038:Rāhula
3918:Nirvana
3858:Outline
3433:10 July
3398:10 July
3360:10 July
3245:10 July
2897:Chinese
2662:Jinling
2652:is the
2648:'. The
2564:Persons
2546:Donghak
2475:Persons
2444:Uicheon
2377:Statism
2307:Shingon
2232:Nirvana
2197:Dignāga
2122:Jainism
2110:Pramana
2105:Samadhi
2065:Brahman
2030:Atomism
1954:Ājīvika
1863:Samkhya
1797:Advaita
1788:Vedanta
1780:Jaimini
1771:Mimamsa
1738:Agastya
1634:Nyingma
1561:Tientai
1546:Sun Tzu
1458:Persons
1339:Mencius
1327:Persons
1264:states:
1254:śamatha
1187:; lit "
1149:; lit "
1085:śamatha
1055:surname
1027:Śramaṇa
1019:Tiantai
971:Chinese
916:Cuisine
905:Culture
774:Tiantai
751:Nenghai
726:Hsu Yun
661:Huineng
626:Zhanran
616:Shandao
611:Daochuo
606:Tanluan
601:Huiyuan
596:Daoxuan
511:History
195:Teacher
143:Lineage
137:Tiantai
128:Chinese
109:, China
86:, China
6421:Sutras
6416:Suttas
6281:Siddhi
6266:Koliya
6241:Brahmā
6156:Poetry
6102:Mantra
6092:Kasaya
5964:Pagoda
5944:Kyaung
5939:Vihāra
5934:Temple
5876:Ethics
5719:Ashoka
5669:Sweden
5664:Poland
5659:Norway
5649:Mexico
5634:France
5619:Canada
5614:Brazil
5553:Africa
5533:Taiwan
5496:Russia
5421:Bhutan
5381:Vinaya
5261:Naropa
5251:Saraha
5186:Asanga
4942:Prajñā
4851:Refuge
4814:Nianfo
4775:Tertön
4770:Tantra
4755:Ganana
4745:Tukdam
4671:Dhyāna
4639:Mudita
4634:Karuṇā
4527:Risshū
4522:Huayan
4455:Naraka
4395:Anattā
4390:Dukkha
4385:Anicca
4290:Dharma
4242:Channa
4177:Ānanda
4162:Assaji
4129:Skanda
4032:(wife)
4001:Family
3981:Relics
3906:Sangha
3901:Dharma
3896:Buddha
3785:
3777:
3745:
3713:
3649:
3632:
3572:
3545:
3517:1 July
3454:中華佛學學報
3323:
3151:
3143:
3052:
3008:
2978:
2968:
2907:Pinyin
2777::
2775:pinyin
2769::
2761::
2702:Daoxin
2577:Topics
2539:Seohak
2535:Silhak
2528:Topics
2437:Hwaeom
2432:Uisang
2427:Wonhyo
2227:Maitrī
2222:Anicca
2217:Anatta
2212:Dukkha
2205:Topics
2095:Moksha
2070:Dharma
2034:Atman
2025:Ahimsa
1981:Tantra
1939:Kanada
1905:Gotama
1872:Kapila
1819:Dvaita
1675:Maoism
1595:Jizang
1578:Fazang
1525:Mohism
1498:Wu wei
1481:Topics
1453:Daoism
1426:Zhu Xi
1416:Han Yu
1399:simple
1387:simple
1362:Guanxi
1345:Topics
1214:, and
1181:pinyin
1143::
1133::
1131:pinyin
1125::
1117::
1057:Chen (
1005:Korean
993:Chih-i
981:pinyin
794:Sanlun
789:Weishi
779:Huayan
691:Zongmi
631:Fazang
571:Jizang
386:Hangul
300:Chih-i
198:Faxu (
178:Temple
133:School
18:Chih-i
6393:Lists
6261:Kalpa
6256:Iddhi
6119:Music
6114:Mudra
6080:Vassa
6060:Vesak
6030:Budai
5976:Candi
5959:Stupa
5891:Logic
5644:Italy
5543:Tibet
5481:Nepal
5451:Korea
5446:Japan
5436:India
5431:China
5376:Sutra
5331:Texts
5281:Dōgen
5271:Hōnen
5256:Atiśa
5221:Zhiyi
5131:Achar
5099:Tulku
5094:Geshe
5079:Rōshi
5064:Ajahn
5019:Arhat
4979:Bodhi
4949:Vīrya
4866:Sacca
4861:Satya
4856:Sādhu
4844:Music
4787:Merit
4780:Terma
4740:Zazen
4676:Faith
4629:Mettā
4310:Karma
4270:Bardo
4237:Asita
4227:Khema
4217:Upāli
4202:Nanda
4040:(son)
4014:Māyā
3991:Films
3868:Index
3783:S2CID
3623:Works
3497:(PDF)
3490:(PDF)
3456:[
3427:(PDF)
3420:(PDF)
3392:(PDF)
3385:(PDF)
3354:(PDF)
3347:(PDF)
3288:(PDF)
3265:(PDF)
3239:(PDF)
3232:(PDF)
3209:(PDF)
3202:(PDF)
3182:(PDF)
3175:(PDF)
3097:(PDF)
3074:(PDF)
2947:Notes
2818:ones.
2589:Juche
2507:Yi Ik
2456:Jinul
2407:Korea
2312:Kukai
2298:Eisai
2286:Dogen
2256:Japan
2080:Karma
2055:Artha
2005:Other
1987:Tamil
1897:Nyaya
1743:Aruni
1714:India
1646:Gelug
1622:Sakya
1566:Zhiyi
1465:Laozi
1401:]
1389:]
1308:China
1151:Small
1069:Hubei
1063:) in
1001:Chigi
985:Zhìyǐ
967:Zhiyi
816:Texts
721:Tanxu
716:Taixu
686:Linji
621:Zhiyi
586:Kuiji
461:Chigi
432:Kanji
415:Chigi
286:Zhìyǐ
221:Zhiyi
168:Zhiyi
84:Hubei
43:Zhiyi
6291:Pāḷi
6276:Māra
6186:Flag
5587:Iran
5511:Tuva
5456:Laos
5084:Lama
4932:Śīla
4900:Śīla
4888:Pīti
4878:Sati
4829:Puja
4750:Koan
4656:Dāna
4247:Yasa
4134:Tārā
3775:ISSN
3743:ISBN
3711:ISBN
3647:ISBN
3630:ISBN
3570:ISBN
3543:ISBN
3519:2018
3470:2012
3435:2007
3400:2007
3362:2007
3321:ISBN
3296:2008
3247:2007
3149:ISBN
3141:ISBN
3105:2008
3050:ISBN
3006:ISBN
2976:OCLC
2966:ISBN
2902:一念三千
2848:ghee
2771:五时八教
2763:五時八教
2502:Yi I
2461:Seon
2115:Yoga
2090:Maya
2085:Kama
1880:Yoga
1753:Atri
1533:Mozi
1352:Face
1222:法華玄義
1203:法華文句
1087:and
1041:and
926:Diyu
769:Chan
92:Died
73:Born
6013:Art
5949:Wat
4485:Zen
3767:doi
3277:doi
3086:doi
2682:Skt
1682:Mao
1488:Tao
1367:Ren
1127:小止觀
1119:小止观
360:IPA
308:IPA
256:智𫖮
156:陳德安
6478::
5515:ru
3781:.
3773:.
3763:11
3761:.
3695:,
3684:,
3608:^
3527:^
3452:.
3370:^
3304:^
3273:14
3271:.
3267:.
3217:^
3147:,
3082:14
3080:.
3076:.
3031:56
3029:.
2996:;
2974:.
2909::
2905:;
2899::
2773:;
2765:;
2704:.
2684:.
2672::
2537:,
1700:Qi
1695:De
1372:Li
1293:on
1225:,
1206:,
1195:,
1183::
1164:.
1139:;
1129:;
1121:;
1010:지의
1007::
999::
991::
983::
976:智顗
973::
484:on
438:智顗
392:지의
242:智顗
206:慧曠
200:法緒
105:,
82:,
50:智顗
5517:)
5513:(
4731:)
4727:(
3822:e
3815:t
3808:v
3789:.
3769::
3749:.
3551:.
3521:.
3472:.
3437:.
3402:.
3364:.
3329:.
3298:.
3279::
3249:.
3107:.
3088::
3058:.
3014:.
2982:.
2737:.
2726:.
2633:e
2626:t
2619:v
1232:)
1219:(
1212:)
1200:(
1171:(
1113:(
1060:陳
969:(
955:e
948:t
941:v
208:)
202:)
34:.
20:)
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