315:. He had failed to identify him from a wartime photograph, but identified Demjanjuk at trial. Rajchman's testimony contributed to Demjanjuk's conviction, although he was later released on appeal because new evidence about his identity was found in newly declassified Soviet archives made available to researchers. He was stripped of U.S. citizenship. and later extradited to Germany. There he was charged with other crimes related to his documented service at the
229:
146:, or guard at Treblinka known as "Ivan the Terrible". His testimony contributed to Demjanjuk being prosecuted and convicted in Israel, but this was overturned on appeal. New records from Soviet archives raised questions about his identity. (Demjanjuk was later convicted of charges in Germany related to his documented service at the death camp
260:
On
January 17, 1945, he was liberated by the advancing Soviets. Fourteen days later, he returned to his hometown of Łódź, where most Jews had already been exterminated. His father and all siblings but Moniek had died in the war. He and Moniek happened to meet again in Poland, near where they had said
276:
in their early 30s. Rajchman and his wife had three children together. They became active in the Jewish community of
Montevideo, which included other European refugees. Rajchman was among the activists who helped gain founding of the Museum of the Holocaust and the Holocaust Memorial, both in
181:. His mother died when he was young, and he was one of six children (four boys and two girls) raised by his widowed father. They struggled to make enough money to live. As tensions increased in Europe, he said good-bye to his brother Moniek in 1939, encouraging him to flee to the Soviet Union.
31:
165:, interviewed as one of three survivors of the Treblinka revolt. In addition to other editions in Spanish, his memoir was published posthumously in 2009 in both France and Germany. An English translation was published in 2011 with a preface by noted writer and activist
637:
244:
On August 2, 1943, Rajchman was among 700 Sonderkommandos who revolted against the guards. He was with some one hundred prisoners who escaped during this attack. The death camp was closed in
October 1943. Rajchman had reached
285:
701:
375:("One of the last: The unique eyewitness report of a survivor of Treblinka"), with a preface by Elie Wiesel and afterwords by Annnette Wieviorka and David Barnouw. It was published in English in 2011, as
952:
679:
135:, where they later became citizens. There he was active in the Jewish community and helped establish the Museum of the Holocaust and the Holocaust Memorial, both in Montevideo.
232:
Stone memorial at the
Treblinka museum, resembling the original cremation pit where the bodies were burned. The flat grave marker is constructed of crushed and cemented black
281:
356:. He later said that his original manuscript had been edited and proofread in 1946 by poet Nachum Bomze (Bumse). It was first published in Spanish in Montevideo, as
127:
After the war, in which he lost all his family but one brother, Rajchman married. The couple and his brother soon emigrated from Poland, first to France and then to
1249:
363:
After
Rajchman's death in 2004, four translated editions were also published posthumously. The memoir was published in French in 2009 by Les Arènes under the title
589:
192:, a small town in central Poland. The Jewish ghetto was created there in October 1940, and liquidated in February 1941. All Pruszków Jews were deported to the
249:, where he joined the resistance. He was among the 70 men from the revolt to survive through the end of the war. During his time in Warsaw, he joined the
672:
638:"Camila Rajchman: "Me sentí vulnerable pero valió la pena haber sido parte de la causa para ayudar a concientizar sobre el uso de las redes sociales""
138:
In 1980, Rajchman was contacted by the United States
Justice Department through the consulate. He was among several survivors who testified against
524:
215:
Upon his arrival there the following day, Rajchman was separated from his sister Anna (she died at the camp), and put to work with the Jewish
665:
254:
1264:
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312:
494:
450:
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360:("A cry for life: memories", 1997) by Ediciones de la Banda Oriental. (Additional Spanish editions were published in 2005 and 2009.)
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221:. He was ordered to cut the hair of disrobed women before they were gassed. Later he extracted gold teeth from dead victims at the
1314:
1309:
549:
371:. It was published in 2010 in Dutch by J.M. Meulenhoff, directly translated from the Yiddish typoscript by Ruben Verhasselt, as
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407:, then living in Jerusalem. The film premiered at the 24th International Film Festival of New Latin American Cinema in
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250:
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1294:
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300:, who had been in the US for years and was a naturalized citizen. Demjanjuk was later extradited to
960:
124:, where he participated in the resistance in the city, before it was captured by the Soviet Union.
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Rajchman was among witnesses who identified
Demjanjuk as the Trawniki guard known as
293:
193:
106:
373:
Een van de laatsten. Het unieke ooggetuigenverslag van een overlevende van
Treblinka
178:
112:(June 14, 1914 – May 7, 2004) was one of about 70 Jewish prisoners who survived the
51:
1030:
289:
161:("A cry for life: memories"). In 2002 he was featured in a Uruguayan documentary,
188:
by Nazi
Germany that year, Rajchman and younger sister Anna joined the family in
142:, by then a naturalized US citizen, who was suspected of having been a notorious
891:
876:
861:
841:
458:
380:
329:, Uruguay, survived by their three children and eleven grandchildren, including
189:
166:
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240:. Human ashes mixed with sand are spread over 22,000 square meters at the camp.
157:
about his time at
Treblinka. It was published in Spanish in Uruguay in 1997 as
985:
326:
316:
273:
128:
73:
941:
574:, Holocaust Museum online. Jewish Identity and Culture in Poland. Retrieved
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269:
154:
147:
132:
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292:, Treblinka guards drawn from Soviet prisoners of war. He went to the
408:
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246:
233:
121:
325:
Lila Rajchman died in an accident in 1991. Rajchman died in 2004 in
367:(I am the last Jew). It was published in German the same year as
661:
225:
and disposed of thousands of their bodies, mostly by burning.
280:
In 1980, Rajchman (then age 66) was contacted in Uruguay by
391:
Chil (Enrique) Rajchman was featured late in life in the
354:
Zichroines foen Jechiël Meir Rajchman (Henryk Romanowski)
348:
While in Warsaw in 1944–1945, Rajchman wrote a memoir in
116:
after participating in the August 2, 1943, revolt at the
200:
on German orders, Rajchman was sent to live and work in
379:, also with a preface by the noted writer and activist
1143:
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399:(2002), along with fellow survivors of the revolt,
261:good-bye. Rajchman married Lila in Warsaw in 1946.
153:While living in Warsaw, Rajchman wrote a memoir in
84:
66:
40:
21:
482:
264:Together with Moniek, the three soon emigrated to
284:. On March 12, 1980, he was interviewed by the
590:"Israel recommends that Demjanjuk be released"
465:on June 11, 2009 – via Internet Archive.
673:
615:. Temple University Press. pp. 223–224.
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8:
612:Defining America: Through Immigration Policy
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461:University's Film Department. Archived from
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666:
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455:Teaching the Holocaust to Spanish speakers
369:Ich bin der letzte Jude. Treblinka 1942/43
304:and convicted by Israel in a war trial in
288:of the US Department of Justice about the
18:
227:
525:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
515:
513:
420:
177:Rajchman was born on June 14, 1914, in
1250:Treblinka extermination camp survivors
196:. With the work-permit issued by the
35:Chil Rajchman in Poland, c. 1945-1946
7:
489:. Pegasus (Amazon Product Details).
485:The Last Jew of Treblinka: A Memoir
481:Chil Rajchman (February 15, 2011).
377:The Last Jew of Treblinka: A Memoir
343:The Last Jew of Treblinka: A Memoir
449:Stawsky, Gerardo (June 11, 2009).
14:
451:"Despite Treblinka. Protagonists"
588:Hedges, Chris (12 August 1993).
552:. Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich
286:Office of Special Investigations
29:
766:1 September 1942 to August 1943
702:List of individuals responsible
358:Un grito por la vida: memorias
159:Un grito por la vida: memorias
1:
99:Chil (Enrique) Meyer Rajchman
689:Treblinka extermination camp
210:Treblinka extermination camp
118:Treblinka extermination camp
92:, author of Treblinka memoir
1265:Polish emigrants to Uruguay
405:Samuel (Schmuel) Willenberg
1331:
1180:
756:11 July to 26 August 1942
731:Richard Wolfgang Thomalla
695:
268:, and relatively soon to
28:
1285:Yiddish-language writers
852:Erich Fritz Erhard Fuchs
272:, where they settled in
1315:20th-century memoirists
1310:Writers from Montevideo
798:Heinrich Arthur Matthes
776:August to November 1943
365:Je suis le dernier Juif
1275:Uruguayan male writers
609:Bill Ong Hing (2004).
255:underground resistance
251:Polish Socialist Party
241:
120:in Poland. He reached
88:Survivor of revolt at
1280:Warsaw Ghetto inmates
1255:Jewish Polish writers
1161:The Hell of Treblinka
726:Erwin Hermann Lambert
521:"Chil Meyer Rajchman"
231:
70:May 7, 2004 (aged 89)
1011:Henryka Łazowertówna
882:August Wilhelm Miete
721:Hermann Julius Höfle
550:"Getto w Pruszkowie"
282:the American embassy
1270:Polish male writers
1189:Numbering 90 to 120
313:"Ivan the Terrible"
296:to testify against
1202:Auschwitz-Birkenau
1127:General Government
1120:Nazi organizations
1111:Franciszek Ząbecki
1041:Zygmunt Zalcwasser
981:Samuel Finkelstein
595:The New York Times
242:
236:symbolizing burnt
186:invasion of Poland
16:Holocaust survivor
1260:Polish memoirists
1237:
1236:
1134:Totenkopfverbände
1106:Samuel Willenberg
996:Stefanie Horovitz
976:Julian Chorążycki
953:Prominent victims
919:Ivan the Terrible
857:Lorenz Hackenholt
821:Gustav Münzberger
793:Theodor van Eupen
772:Kurt Hubert Franz
762:Franz Paul Stangl
397:Despite Treblinka
395:documentary film
337:Legacy and honors
163:Despite Treblinka
110:Henryk Ruminowski
96:
95:
1322:
1300:People from Łódź
1200:
1172:Treblinka trials
966:Yitzchok Breiter
936:Nikolay Shalayev
931:Feodor Fedorenko
867:Josef Hirtreiter
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1036:Symche Trachter
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897:Ernst Stengelin
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716:Odilo Globocnik
709:Camp organizers
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331:Camila Rajchman
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206:Holocaust train
202:Ostrów Lubelski
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103:Henryk Reichman
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56:Congress Poland
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1096:Kalman Taigman
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1086:Samuel Rajzman
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1071:Richard Glazar
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401:Kalman Taigman
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298:John Demjanjuk
218:Sonderkommando
208:, and sent to
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140:John Demjanjuk
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48:June 14, 1914
43:
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27:
23:Chil Rajchman
20:
1226:
1199:Death camps:
1159:
1133:
1080:
1031:Natan Spigel
872:Kurt Küttner
814:executioners
645:. Retrieved
641:
631:
611:
604:
593:
583:
566:
554:. Retrieved
540:
528:. Retrieved
500:. Retrieved
484:
463:the original
454:
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376:
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368:
364:
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290:Trawniki men
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277:Montevideo.
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137:
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109:
102:
98:
97:
1295:2004 deaths
1290:1914 births
961:Ernst Arndt
892:Otto Stadie
877:Willi Mentz
862:Hans Hingst
842:Paul Bredow
812:Gas chamber
636:Redacción.
572:"Treblinka"
459:ORT Uruguay
387:Documentary
381:Elie Wiesel
167:Elie Wiesel
1244:Categories
1058:Resistance
986:Artur Gold
887:Max Möller
745:Commandant
647:2023-10-27
622:1592132332
556:August 31,
530:August 17,
502:August 30,
415:References
327:Montevideo
317:death camp
274:Montevideo
223:Totenlager
184:After the
129:Montevideo
74:Montevideo
1227:Treblinka
1150:Memorials
1147:Aftermath
1061:Survivors
942:Trawnikis
393:Uruguayan
306:1987–1988
302:Jerusalem
114:Holocaust
90:Treblinka
1217:Majdanek
786:Deputies
698:Timeline
548:(2013).
411:, Cuba.
253:and the
238:charcoal
198:Judenrat
190:Pruszków
144:Trawniki
1222:Sobibor
1212:Chełmno
1186:Alleged
944:"
350:Yiddish
320:Sobibor
270:Uruguay
155:Yiddish
148:Sobibor
133:Uruguay
101:a.k.a.
78:Uruguay
1207:Belzec
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266:France
247:Warsaw
234:basalt
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558:2013
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403:and
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67:Died
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