318:
Gianotti et al. first described CGPD in five
Italian children in 1970. In 1990, Williams et al. described a similar skin eruption in five children of Afro-Caribbean descent and coined the proposed term "facial Afro-Caribbean childhood eruption (FACE)". Subsequently, another article by Katz and Lesher
104:
demonstrating features consistent with CGPD is adequate for diagnosis. In contrast, other dermatologists advocate for performing a complete history and physical examination and obtaining laboratories and appropriate imaging to rule out cutaneous
309:
children have also been described. Due to the limited number of reported cases, it remains controversial whether CGPD occurs more often in
African children than in children of other races. CGPD is more common in boys than girls.
272:
CGPD is known to be a temporary skin disease with a benign course. The skin papules typically resolve after a few months to a few years. After CGPD resolves, the skin may return to normal without scarring or may have small
255:
on the skin is controversial and results have been mixed. Certain studies found the use of topical calcineurin inhibitors led to resolution of CGPD whereas others saw incomplete resolution or prolonged symptoms. Topical
79:
primarily distributed around the mouth, eyes, and nose. Affected children may also have papules on the ears, eyelids, cheeks, forehead, and nose. CGPD skin lesions rarely affect areas of the skin other than the face.
240:. Tetracycline antibiotics are not recommended for children under the age of 8 since tetracyclines are known to deposit in teeth (thereby staining them) and impair bone growth in children.
200:
Treatment recommendations for CGPD vary and may include observation without treatment, stopping the use of topical corticosteroids, and the use of topical or oral antibiotics as well as
319:
first introduced the term CGPD since some reported cases were not found in children of Afro-Caribbean descent and to avoid confusion with perioral dermatitis.
427:
Zalaudek, I; Di
Stefani, A; Ferrara, G; Argenziano, G (April 2005). "Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis: a controversial disease".
161:
542:
225:
165:
552:
562:
244:
169:
137:
557:
547:
328:
129:
75:
CGPD is characterized by the presence of small, raised, dome-shaped, flesh-colored or yellow-brown
452:
141:
518:
444:
390:
149:
43:
508:
500:
436:
382:
237:
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has also been used. The use of oral systemic antibiotics is limited by side effects such as
128:
Several conditions exhibit skin findings similar to those of CGPD. These conditions include
177:
373:
Dessinioti, C; Antoniou, C; Katsambas, A (January–February 2014). "Acneiform eruptions".
63:
skin disease of unknown cause. The disorder was first described in 1970 by
Gianotti in a
513:
488:
386:
306:
294:
261:
100:
suggest that ruling out infectious and allergic causes of similar skin eruptions and a
117:
clustered around hair follicles may be seen; additionally, infiltrates of epithelioid
536:
440:
278:
205:
133:
97:
456:
257:
252:
213:
209:
201:
145:
110:
221:
217:
185:
181:
106:
101:
64:
48:
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has been used successfully to treat CGPD. Immediate discontinuation of topical
248:
122:
118:
114:
504:
157:
153:
60:
522:
448:
394:
274:
233:
173:
487:
Kim, YJ; Shin, JW; Lee, JS; Park, YL; Whang, KU; Lee, SY (August 2011).
298:
189:
229:
76:
282:
264:
is recommended since corticosteroids are thought to worsen CGPD.
302:
96:
The approach to diagnosing CGPD is controversial. Certain
67:
of five children. CGPD is more common in boys than girls.
57:
Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis (CGPD)
224:, and tetracycline have been recommended for CGPD.
42:
28:
23:
489:"Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis"
368:
366:
364:
212:have been used for CGPD. Oral antibiotics of the
362:
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350:
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346:
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24:Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis
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420:
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404:
8:
429:Journal of the German Society of Dermatology
301:though reports of this disease occurring in
20:
512:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
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468:
466:
37:Facial Afro-Caribbean childhood eruption
340:
293:CGPD occurs most often in children of
7:
238:sensitivity of the skin to sunlight
387:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.05.023
162:lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei
14:
33:Gianotti-type perioral dermatitis
441:10.1111/j.1610-0387.2005.05009.x
204:. Topical antibiotics such as
88:The cause of CGPD is unknown.
1:
226:Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
166:benign cephalic histiocytosis
113:granulomas with surrounding
285:, or small pit-like scars.
579:
505:10.5021/ad.2011.23.3.386
375:Clinics in Dermatology
493:Annals of Dermatology
245:calcineurin inhibitor
170:granulosis rubra nasi
156:, medication-induced
138:granulomatous rosacea
109:. On microscopy, non-
543:Cutaneous conditions
553:Idiopathic diseases
329:Perioral dermatitis
130:perioral dermatitis
121:, lymphocytes, and
59:, is a rare benign
142:contact dermatitis
125:may also be seen.
71:Signs and symptoms
277:depressions with
150:atopic dermatitis
54:
53:
18:Medical condition
570:
527:
526:
516:
484:
461:
460:
424:
399:
398:
370:
297:descent before
21:
578:
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568:
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530:
486:
485:
464:
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402:
372:
371:
342:
337:
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316:
291:
270:
262:corticosteroids
247:creams such as
198:
178:zinc deficiency
94:
86:
73:
19:
12:
11:
5:
576:
574:
566:
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560:
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528:
462:
400:
339:
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321:
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295:Afro-Caribbean
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287:
269:
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216:class such as
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194:
98:dermatologists
93:
90:
85:
82:
72:
69:
52:
51:
46:
40:
39:
30:
26:
25:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
575:
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563:Rare diseases
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279:collagen loss
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267:
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259:
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250:
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206:metronidazole
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187:
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147:
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134:acne vulgaris
131:
126:
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120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
99:
91:
89:
83:
81:
78:
70:
68:
66:
62:
61:granulomatous
58:
50:
47:
45:
41:
38:
34:
31:
27:
22:
16:
499:(3): 386–8.
496:
492:
435:(4): 252–5.
432:
428:
381:(1): 24–34.
378:
374:
317:
292:
289:Epidemiology
271:
258:azelaic acid
253:pimecrolimus
242:
214:tetracycline
210:erythromycin
202:isotretinoin
199:
184:, cutaneous
146:folliculitis
127:
95:
87:
74:
56:
55:
36:
32:
15:
243:The use of
222:doxycycline
218:minocycline
186:sarcoidosis
182:glucagonoma
160:eruptions,
123:giant cells
119:macrophages
115:lymphocytes
111:tuberculous
107:sarcoidosis
102:skin biopsy
65:case series
49:Dermatology
29:Other names
558:Pediatrics
548:Dermatitis
537:Categories
495:(Review).
431:(Review).
377:(Review).
335:References
249:tacrolimus
307:Caucasian
268:Prognosis
196:Treatment
174:xanthomas
158:acneiform
154:cheilitis
92:Diagnosis
44:Specialty
523:21909215
449:16370472
395:24314375
323:See also
275:atrophic
234:vomiting
514:3162274
457:9802651
314:History
299:puberty
190:scabies
77:papules
521:
511:
455:
447:
393:
236:, and
230:nausea
188:, and
453:S2CID
303:Asian
283:milia
84:Cause
519:PMID
445:PMID
391:PMID
305:and
208:and
509:PMC
501:doi
437:doi
383:doi
251:or
35:or
539::
517:.
507:.
497:23
491:.
465:^
451:.
443:.
403:^
389:.
379:32
343:^
281:,
232:,
220:,
192:.
180:,
176:,
172:,
168:,
164:,
152:,
148:,
144:,
140:,
136:,
132:,
525:.
503::
459:.
439::
433:3
397:.
385::
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