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966:, which created a unitary state, democratic (with the franchise restricted to men of the upper classes) and Catholic. The executive power was in the hands of a Supreme Director, elected for four years and to be reelected only once. This system was no sooner in place when it came under attack from the proponents of a federalist system. The abolition of slavery in this constitution – long before most other countries in the Americas – is considered one of the liberals' few lasting achievements.
1182:, who was acceptable to both sides. This junta ruled the country from December 24, 1829 to February 18, 1830. Power was retained by Ramón Freire who organized a liberal convention with the intention of calling for new general elections and the formation of a new Congress. At the same time, the conservatives who were in control of Santiago also called for their own convention, where an agreement was reached which nominated
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Royalist forces. Using their position, the councillors created the eight Provincial Assemblies that would become the basis for the federal system. The eight provinces were: Coquimbo, Aconcagua, Santiago, Colchagua, Maule, Concepción, Valdivia and Chiloé. The second essay thus was the
1029:
The first (of many) measures of the new government was to call for a constitutional convention. Congress confirmed the return of
General Freire and proceeded to dissolve itself. Immediately after, Freire resigned and was replaced by his vice-president
1050:
essay. The government became a unitary system, but maintained the eight
Provincial Assemblies created by the federalist essay. The executive was in the hands of a President, elected for five years who was prohibited from running for re-election.
1112:, rode in and out of the presidency several times (1823–27, 1828, 1829, 1830) but could not sustain his authority. From May 1827 to September 1831, with the exception of brief interventions by Freire, the presidency was occupied by General
1037:
In August 1828, Pinto's first year in office, Chile abandoned its short-lived federalist system for a unitary form of government, with separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The new constitution was finalized in 1828 by
914:. Together with these two political tendencies, which in time developed into the two main political parties of the 19th century, there were also some minority groups. One of them was the Federalist Party under the leadership of
821:. Presidents and constitutions rose and fell quickly in the 1820s. The Chilean political scene divided itself into two groups that were already embryonic during the days of independence. The followers of O'Higgins became the
273:
1072:
It was not a military incident which caused the revolution, but a mere political disagreement that led to anarchy. A new presidential election was called in 1829. The clear winner (out of 9 candidates) was
General
1012:
who received 42.9% of the vote and 15 electoral votes. The system very quickly proved to be a failure. Blanco
Encalada resigned, and was replaced by Eyzaguirre in 1827. He in turn was deposed by colonel
266:
1231:
as his universal minister. Portales took over the running of the government bringing with him the political ideas that were to shape Chile for the rest of the century. After the defeat at the
902:
began to coalesce around the church-state issue. Not only more favorably inclined toward the church, the
Conservatives were also more sympathetic than the Liberals toward the colonial legacy,
1155:. The conservative army decided to halt the march for a while and camped a few miles outside the city. The government under President Vicuña immediately collapsed and they fled first to
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By adopting a moderately liberal constitution in 1828, Pinto alienated both the
Federalists and the Liberal factions. He also angered the old aristocracy by abolishing
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934:. The name came out of the fact that most of them were merchants, and their leader, Portales, was in charge of the tobacco monopoly. Their principal figures were
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Chile was without a leader for a few weeks (from
December 7 to 24, 1829). After the Battle of Ochagavía, General Freire agreed to a cease-fire with Prieto. A
1096:, brother of the President of the Senate, even though he only got 48 electoral votes (11.8% of the vote). That was the pretext for the conservatives to rebel.
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On July 14, 1826 Congress passed a law calling for a new election. The
Supreme Director was to be replaced by a President. The first elected president was
1201:) were eliminated from the army rosters. This guaranteed the restart of the hostilities. President Ruiz-Tagle and all the cabinet resigned on April 1, and
1136:
promptly resigned on July 14, handing acting presidential duties not to the vice president but rather to that man's brother, the
President of the Senate
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1077:, liberal and already Provisional President since the resignation of Freire in 1827, with 118 electoral votes and 29.1% of the vote.
1088:, with 61 votes or 15.0% of the vote, both conservatives. Nonetheless, Congress was controlled by the Liberals and presided over by
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Sergio Villalobos, Osvaldo Silva, Fernando Silva y Patricio Estelle; "Historia de Chile, Tomo 3", Editorial Universitaria, Ed. 1995
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was President of the Directorial Council that was in charge of the administration while Supreme Director Freire was away capturing
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In their impatience, the Federalist leaders forced Congress to adopt some laws giving federal rights to the provinces. In 1825,
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forces over the constitutional regime in force. This conflict ended with the defeat of the liberal forces and the approval of a
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aristocracy, and defended the ideas of a strong central government, respect for tradition, and strong support for the
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1171:. Meanwhile, President Vicuña and his ministers were captured and imprisoned by the victorious conservative troops.
1216:, on April 17, 1830. The liberals were totally routed, and their leader, General Ramón Freire, was exiled first to
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in 1823 did not put an end to the political infighting. Civil conflict continued, focusing mainly on the issues of
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The problem happened with the vice presidential election. The winner should have been the first runner-up,
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was organized and took control, in order to avoid the continuance of hostilities, under the neutral figure
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Due to the chaotic situation nobody wanted to participate in the government, so President Ovalle named
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1224:. Later in life he was allowed to return to Chile, but he never participated in politics again.
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from the South, this army having been assembled largely through the efforts of Prieto's cousin,
1004:
who only obtained 40.5% of the vote and 15 electoral votes. For the position of vice president
1189:
Immediately that Ruiz-Tagle took over as president, the principal leaders of the Liberal side (
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1163:. On December 14, 1829, General Prieto and his troops met the liberal army under
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with 98 electoral votes or 24.1% of the vote, or the second runner-up, General
930:
means monopoly), a very heterogeneous political group under the leadership of
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27:
1829-30 ideological conflict in Chile between liberal and conservative forces
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written by Infante in 1826, though it was never formally adopted.
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1000:, who, with 59.5% of the vote and 22 electoral votes, defeated
1235:, the Liberal side finally decided to negotiate and signed the
255:
29:
1008:, with 57.1% of the vote and 20 electoral votes, defeated
841:). This group was mainly composed of the remnants of the
1143:
On December 7, 1829 conservative troops under General
871:). This group was mainly composed of the followers of
1058:
and caused a public uproar with his anticlericalism.
1124:, while the liberal side was under the command of
954:The time between 1823 and 1828 is called of the
57:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
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8:
958:. The first of these three essays is the
809:The resignation and self-exile of General
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99:
88:Learn how and when to remove this message
327:
316:
489:Colonization of the Strait of Magellan
879:from the Church. Their leaders were
849:. Their most prominent leaders were
7:
1339:1830s coups d'état and coup attempts
1334:1820s coups d'état and coup attempts
1208:The last engagement happened at the
1205:, as vice president assumed power.
1068:Chilean presidential election, 1829
992:Chilean presidential election, 1826
1056:estates inherited by primogeniture
25:
791:, that was in force until 1925.
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423:Destruction of the Seven Cities
1120:and the political guidance of
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285:Chilean Civil War of 1829–1830
103:Chilean Civil War of 1829–1830
1:
906:government, the supremacy of
1299:Chilean Civil War of 1829–30
1046:. This became the third or
944:José Antonio Rodríguez Aldea
861:. Opposed to them were the
151:Conservative republic begins
1355:
1199:Juan Gregorio de las Heras
1065:
1017:, who called back general
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1167:and defeated them in the
1015:Enrique Campino Salamanca
763:Guerra Civil de 1829–1830
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18:Chilean Civil War of 1829
1304:19th-century revolutions
942:(Carrera supporter) and
789:new constitution in 1833
466:War of the Confederation
43:This article includes a
1314:Military coups in Chile
1114:Francisco Antonio Pinto
1075:Francisco Antonio Pinto
1044:Melchor Santiago Concha
1032:Francisco Antonio Pinto
1010:Francisco Antonio Pinto
946:(O'Higgins supporter).
940:Manuel José Gandarillas
889:Francisco Antonio Pinto
604:Transition to democracy
499:Occupation of Araucanía
72:more precise citations.
1259:Francisco Ramón Vicuña
1195:Francisco de la Lastra
1186:as acting president.
1165:Francisco de la Lastra
1159:and then northward to
1138:Francisco Ramón Vicuña
1130:Francisco de la Lastra
1090:Francisco Ramón Vicuña
998:Manuel Blanco Encalada
936:Juan Francisco Meneses
866:
851:José Gregorio Argomedo
836:
762:
527:Parliamentary Republic
522:1891 Chilean Civil War
245:Francisco Ramón Vicuña
241:Francisco de la Lastra
218:Commanders and leaders
956:Constitutional Essays
950:Constitutional essays
586:Military dictatorship
553:Presidential Republic
484:Conservative Republic
461:Civil war (1829–1830)
375:Origin of the Mapuche
1324:Revolutions in Chile
1264:Francisco Ruiz-Tagle
1184:Francisco Ruiz-Tagle
1082:Francisco Ruiz-Tagle
1040:José Joaquín de Mora
1025:Constitution of 1828
877:without interference
672:Chilean coups d'état
516:Parliamentary period
1329:Rebellions in Chile
1254:José Joaquín Prieto
1169:Battle of Ochagavía
1118:José Joaquín Prieto
1104:The Liberal leader
1086:José Joaquín Prieto
1002:José Miguel Infante
971:José Miguel Infante
916:José Miguel Infante
873:José Miguel Carrera
859:José Joaquín Prieto
642:Agriculture history
558:Radical governments
542:Presidential period
446:War of Independence
1100:Revolution of 1829
1006:Agustín Eyzaguirre
811:Bernardo O'Higgins
713:History portal
677:Political scandals
563:Allende and UP era
504:War of the Pacific
45:list of references
1269:José Tomás Ovalle
1237:Treaty of Cuz-Cuz
1203:José Tomás Ovalle
1180:José Tomás Ovalle
962:system (1823) of
938:(ex-monarchist);
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1210:Battle of Lircay
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986:Election of 1826
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609:Student protests
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548:1925 coup d'état
531:1924 coup d'état
494:Liberal Republic
403:Spanish conquest
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964:Juan Egaña
865:(Spanish:
855:Juan Egaña
799:See also:
795:Background
451:Reconquest
418:Arauco War
908:executive
838:Pelucones
805:Pelucones
778:Pelucones
767:civil war
298:Ochagavía
176:Pelucones
145:Pelucones
115:1829–1830
1243:See also
1161:Coquimbo
1149:Santiago
960:Moralist
900:Liberals
898:and the
868:Pipiolos
863:Liberals
843:colonial
801:Pipiolos
785:Pipiolos
765:) was a
349:Timeline
320:a series
318:Part of
212:Pipiolos
147:victory
120:Location
1280:Sources
1212:, near
1048:Liberal
928:estanco
833:Spanish
829:Bigwigs
782:liberal
759:Spanish
66:improve
1222:Tahiti
1145:Prieto
975:Chiloé
322:on the
303:Lircay
140:Result
130:
1214:Talca
1134:Pinto
771:Chile
331:Chile
133:Chile
51:, or
1218:Peru
1197:and
1128:and
894:The
887:and
857:and
817:and
803:and
780:and
753:The
112:Date
922:or
827:or
769:in
1295::
1193:,
1140:.
1034:.
1021:.
891:.
883:,
853:,
835::
761::
352:•
55:,
47:,
926:(
831:(
757:(
742:e
735:t
728:v
275:e
268:t
261:v
91:)
85:(
80:)
76:(
62:.
20:)
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