434:
422:
410:
3793:
853:
842:
765:
747:
729:
710:
698:
679:
667:
655:
398:
643:
623:
125:
2892:
4009:
3359:. The Junta then proceeded to take some concrete measures that had been long-held aspirations of the colonials: it created a militia for the defense of the kingdom, decreed freedom of trade with all nations that were allied to Spain or neutrals, a unique tariff of 134% for all imports (with the exception of printing presses, books and guns which were liberated from all taxes) and in order to increase its representativity, ordered the convocatory of a National Congress. Immediately, political intrigue began amongst the ruling elite, with news of the
45:
3420:, were a majority, and wanted a very slow pace of reforms since they were afraid that once the King was back in power he would think that they were seeking independence and would roll-back all changes. The Extremists were the second most important group and they advocated a larger degree of freedom from the Crown and a faster pace of reforms stopping just short of full independence. Their leader was Juan Martínez de Rozas. The Royalists were against any reform at all and for the maintenance of the status quo.
811:
800:
569:
557:
545:
533:
521:
509:
490:
337:
826:
793:
502:
483:
317:
4817:
3367:
2745:
757:
739:
143:
357:
3618:
605:
593:
581:
775:
3540:
3468:
4023:
3246:
3317:
150:
132:
3995:
3260:
3705:, on February 12, 1817, was a decisive victory for the independence forces. As a result, the patriots re-entered Santiago. San Martín was proclaimed Supreme Director, but he declined the offer and put O'Higgins in the post, where he would remain until 1823. On the first anniversary of the Battle of Chacabuco, O'Higgins formally declared independence.
3674:
3595:, while Carrera wanted to make the stand at the pass of Angostura, a more felicitous defensive position but also closer to Santiago. Because of the disagreements and resulting lack of coordination, the independence forces were divided, and O'Higgins was obliged to meet the royalists at Rancagua without reinforcements. The resulting battle, the
3485:, returned to Chile from Spain. Quickly, he was involved with the intrigues of various Extremists who plotted to wrest power from Martínez de Rozas through armed means. After two coups, both in the end of 1811, the ambitious Carrera managed to take power, inaugurating a dictatorship. Prominent members of the government were Carrera's brothers
3720:
3569:. However, this was not due to the military performance of Carrera, whose incompetence led to the rise of the moderate O'Higgins, who eventually took supreme control of the pro-independence forces. Harassed on all sides, Carrera resigned, in what is commonly taken to mark the beginning of the period of the
3439:. In the rest of Chile, the results were more or less equally divided: twelve pro-Rozas delegates, fourteen anti-Rozas and three Royalists. So, the Santiago elections were the key to Rozas' desire to remain in power. This election was supposed to take place on April 10, but before they could be called the
3751:, after which the depleted royalists retreated to Concepcion, never again to launch a major offensive against Santiago. Independence was all but secured, and worries about internal divisions were allayed when O'Higgins saluted San Martín as savior of the country, a moment which came to be known as the
3735:, sending him south with another expeditionary force. The troops disembarked at Concepcion, and recruited a number of Amerindians to join their ranks. Meanwhile, Bernardo O'Higgins moved north to somehow stop the advance of the royalists. However, his forces were surprised and very badly beaten at the
3454:
was duly elected, and all 6 deputies from
Santiago came from the Moderate camp. Nonetheless, the mutiny also encouraged a radicalization of political postures. Although Moderates—who continued advocating political control of the elites and greater autonomy without a complete rupture from Spain—gained
3851:
itself was independent from Spain. Thus, a fleet and army was prepared for an expedition to the country, and in 1820, San Martín and
Cochrane set off for Peru. However, the audacious and daring character of Cochrane conflicted with the excessive prudence of San Martín. San Martín let escape a number
3769:
To further secure
Chilean independence, San Martín launched a series of actions against armed bands in the mountains, consisting of assorted outlaws, royalists, and Indians who had taken advantage of the chaos of military expeditions and forced recruitments to pillage and sack the countryside. This
3685:
with the task of mounting a guerrilla campaign. The goals of the campaign were to keep the
Spanish forces off balance, ridicule San Bruno, and generally bolster the morale of the patriots. Through his subsequent daring exploits, Rodríguez became a romantic hero of the revolution. In one of his more
3500:
Meanwhile, a provisional
Constitution of 1812 was promulgated with a marked liberal character. An example of this is the stipulation that "no order that emanates from outside the territory of Chile will have any effect, and anyone who tries to enforce such an order will be treated as a traitor."
3739:
on March 18, 1818. In the confusion, a false rumor spread that San Martin and O'Higgins had died, and a panic seized the patriot troops, many of whom agitated for a full retreat back across the Andes to
Mendoza. In these critical circumstances, the erstwhile Manuel Rodríguez jumped to the lead,
2813:
in
Argentina, the autonomy movement had also propagated through the criollo elite. They resented the illegal arrests and, together with the news that Cádiz was all that was left of a free Spain, finally solidified in their opposition to the Governor. Brigadier García Carrasco was suspended from
3331:
took the political initiative. As soon as the
Cabildo was called, they were able to place their members in the committee charged with sending the invitations, thus manipulating the attendance lists to their own advantage. At the September 18 session, they grabbed center stage with shouts of
2645:
plunged the empire into a state of agitation. In the meantime, Chile was facing its own internal political problems. Governor Guzmán had suddenly died in
February of that year and the crown had not been able to appoint a new governor before the invasion. After a brief interim regency by
3800:
As San Martín worked to establish internal stability, O'Higgins also looked to defend the country against further external threats by the
Spanish and continue to roll back imperial control. He developed the Chilean navy as a line of defense against seaborne attacks, placing the
3450:—considering the notion of elections to be too populist—led a revolt in Santiago. The revolt sputtered, and Figueroa was arrested and summarily executed. The mutiny was successful in that temporarily sabotaged the elections, which had to be delayed. Eventually, however, a
2848:) took a public loyalty oath to the Regency Council in front of a massive audience, which put added pressure on the Governor to define himself. After vacillating for some time over which party to follow, Toro Zambrano finally agreed to hold an open
3336:("We want a junta! We want a junta!"). Count Toro Zambrano, faced with this very public show of force, acceded to their demands by depositing his ceremonial baton on top of the main table and saying "Here is the baton, take it and rule."
3599:, on October 1 and 2 of 1814, was fought fiercely, but ended in stunning defeat for the independence forces of which only 500 of the original 5,000 survived. A little while later, Osorio entered Santiago and put the rebellion of the
3582:
on May 14, nominally bringing peace but effectively only providing a breathing space. Abascal had no intention of honoring the treaty, and that very year sent a much more decisive force southwards, under the command of
905:
1700:
3631:
as governor in 1815. In any case, the Spanish believed that it was necessary to teach the revolutionaries a good lesson and embarked on a campaign of fierce political persecution, led by the infamous
2602:(1817–1823). Although the war itself began in 1812, the year in which the first hostile actions took place, and lasted until the end of the 1820s, when the last royalists forces were defeated in the
4725:
3355:
as legitimate King. Count Toro Zambrano was elected President, and the rest of the positions were distributed equally among all parties, but the real power was left in the hands of the secretary,
3744:" He named himself Supreme Director, a position which he would occupy for exactly 30 hours, which was the time the living, but wounded, O'Higgins took to return to Santiago and reclaim command.
1771:
3078:
2689:. Since her father and brother were being held prisoners in France, she regarded herself as the heiress of her captured family. Allegedly among her plan was to send armies to occupy
3938:
1966:
1851:
4862:
898:
3686:
celebrated actions, he disguised himself as a beggar and succeeded in obtaining alms from Governor Marcó del Pont himself, who by that time had put a price on Rodríguez's head.
1796:
1693:
2566:
305:
2650:, and according to the succession law in place at the time, the position was laid claim to and assumed by the most senior military commander, who happened to be Brigadier
3627:
The viceroy Abascal confirmed Mariano Osorio as governor of Chile, although a later disagreement between the two would result in Osorio's removal and the installation of
4127:
2815:
2748:
2707:
elites under his command. Already in Chile, as in most of Latin America, there had been some independence agitation but minimal and concentrated in the very ineffectual
3459:, a long-standing pillar of Spanish rule, was dissolved for its alleged "complicity" with the mutiny. The idea of full independence gained momentum for the first time.
5423:
3643:. Far from pacifying the patriots, these actions served to incite them, and soon even the most moderate concluded that anything short of independence was intolerable.
891:
2576:
Traditionally, Chilean historiography covers this period between the establishment of the First Government Junta of Chile (September 18, 1810) and the resignation of
2392:
1971:
5433:
1686:
4741:
5408:
3040:
4912:
3137:
3792:
1623:
2280:
2228:
3363:
all the while coming in. It was eventually decided that elections for the National Congress, to be composed of 42 representatives, would be held in 1811.
4274:
3292:
2782:, which had governed the Empire for the past two years, had abolished itself in favor of a Regency Council. García Carrasco, who was a supporter of the
361:
2891:
3565:, where they were received with applause. Pareja then attempted to take Santiago. This effort failed, as did a subsequent inconclusive assault led by
3228:
3956:
policy already in 1811 with the "Decreto de Libre Comercio". This allowed the country in the mid-19th century to exploit the opportunities that the
2285:
2176:
3921:) occur until the late 1820s. Trade with Peru did not fully recover after the independence struggles. Being isolated from Central Chile by hostile
1861:
4112:
3805:
1061:
549:
3455:
the majority of seats, a vocal minority was formed by Extremist revolutionaries who now wanted complete and instant independence from Spain. The
2260:
2832:
Count Toro Zambrano was, by all standards, a very unorthodox selection. He was a very old man already (82 years old at the time) and moreover a
1515:
4608:
4294:
3399:
2617:
was officially issued by Chile on February 12, 1818 and formally recognized by Spain in 1844, when full diplomatic relations were established.
2570:
846:
387:
4733:
4917:
4420:
2554:
2550:
2332:
2295:
2171:
110:
3160:
2419:
5468:
5463:
5403:
5269:
5107:
2402:
2327:
1886:
1816:
4072:
3628:
3621:
2651:
5458:
5453:
5448:
4147:
3670:, a pro-independence secret society). Carrera's influence begun to fade and ended finally when he was executed by firing squad in 1821.
3554:
2737:
of notable citizens, which would conform a provisional government to rule in the absence of the king and an independent Spain (known as
2614:
2243:
2181:
1961:
1871:
3012:
4967:
4481:
3666:. Upon the arrival of the exiles, San Martín immediately began to favor O'Higgins (probably because of their shared membership in the
2409:
1761:
1460:
3223:
2315:
1628:
5297:
4530:
4192:
3817:
3104:
2836:(someone born in the colonies) as opposed to a "peninsular" (someone born in Spain). Immediately after his appointment in July, the
2387:
2112:
1981:
88:
66:
2117:
1766:
1744:
1156:
959:
3636:
3340:
3321:
2562:
1986:
1826:
1791:
949:
3416:
and differentiated themselves only in the degree of political autonomy that they sought. The Moderates, under the leadership of
1400:
5368:
5005:
4877:
4857:
4768:
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4621:
3193:
3155:
2974:
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group, managed to magnify the political problems by taking arbitrary and harsh measures, such as the arrest and deportation to
2708:
2223:
1946:
1921:
1906:
1841:
1776:
1734:
1510:
1475:
1470:
954:
597:
1480:
5070:
3736:
3285:
3114:
2397:
2377:
1896:
1729:
1318:
1253:
1066:
1001:
4574:
4562:
4097:
3980:
3922:
3879:
generally ends in 1823, with the resignation of O'Higgins. However, the last Spanish territory in Chile, the archipelago of
3840:
so that the Spanish would not reoccupy Valdivia from the land. Beauchef inflicted a decisive defeat on the royalists at the
3132:
3099:
2790:
without due process of well-known and socially prominent citizens under simple suspicions of having been sympathetic to the
2607:
2290:
1936:
1856:
1781:
1099:
221:
2762:
he or his office had left. From that moment on the pressure for his removal began to build. In June 1810 news arrived from
5418:
5413:
5039:
4852:
4701:
4037:
3571:
2342:
2305:
2300:
2151:
2141:
2127:
2122:
2083:
1836:
1650:
1071:
124:
3780:) for its merciless tactics, as neither the guerillas nor the government soldiers took prisoners. Only after the band of
3170:
2703:
Brigadier García Carrasco was a man of crude and authoritarian manners, who managed in a very short time to alienate the
1360:
1323:
1290:
5044:
5000:
4847:
4798:
4653:
4390:
4137:
3561:
to deal with the situation in Chile, and sent another force by land to attack northern Argentina. The troops landed in
3218:
3109:
2711:
back in 1781. The majority of the people were fervent royalists but were divided into two groups: those who favored the
2372:
2362:
2337:
2132:
2073:
1866:
1846:
1226:
1189:
934:
1263:
1209:
5327:
5252:
5181:
4638:
3714:
3681:
While San Martín and O'Higgins organized an army to recross the Andes and recapture Santiago, they charged the lawyer
3524:
3456:
2900:
2357:
2041:
1831:
1786:
1583:
1578:
1204:
1174:
976:
964:
4117:
4077:
3937:
was particularly badly hit by the decline of the trade with Peru. The fortune of this city would not shift until the
3682:
2822:
1440:
1199:
683:
1455:
1450:
5148:
4957:
4947:
4907:
4788:
4601:
3451:
3213:
3050:
2964:
2634:
2626:
2367:
2310:
2275:
2208:
2088:
1645:
1555:
1238:
1169:
609:
426:
217:
186:
2565:
was formed for that purpose. But then, it began to gradually radicalize, which caused a military struggle between
2016:
1976:
1655:
1485:
1350:
986:
5205:
4793:
4778:
4303:
4162:
3972:
3640:
3528:
3356:
3278:
3208:
3198:
3073:
2871:
2581:
2454:
2424:
2248:
2058:
2036:
2021:
2011:
2006:
1901:
1821:
1801:
1390:
1338:
1283:
4525:
Harvey, Robert. "Liberators: Latin America`s Struggle For Independence, 1810–1830". John Murray: London (2000).
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969:
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5022:
4882:
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4500:
3017:
2481:
2347:
2270:
2218:
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1996:
1991:
1926:
1891:
1876:
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1273:
991:
59:
53:
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3825:
3728:
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1385:
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233:
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in the post of admiral. In 1820, Cochrane administered a stunning blow to the remaining royalist forces in a
1605:
1445:
1415:
1410:
1375:
1345:
1268:
1179:
1124:
5428:
5171:
4897:
4837:
4367:
4252:
3348:
2833:
2731:). A third group was composed of those who proposed the replacement of the Spanish authorities with a local
2704:
2658:
2647:
2638:
2449:
2265:
2191:
1931:
1395:
1313:
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944:
647:
4411:
Pérez Herrero, Pedro (2015). "El orden portaliano (1830–1840)". In Pérez Herrero, Pedro; Sanz, Eva (eds.).
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took decades to regularize, ending the default in 1840s thanks to the efforts of the Ministers of Finance
3961:
3482:
3471:
3436:
3417:
2936:
2906:
2779:
2670:
2558:
2233:
2146:
2097:
2053:
1806:
1667:
1500:
1231:
1219:
1134:
1129:
769:
537:
494:
70:
4445:
1495:
1435:
1026:
996:
573:
5222:
5143:
5012:
4816:
4709:
4594:
3813:
3694:
3203:
3035:
2926:
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2213:
1425:
1355:
1333:
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1109:
4057:
3968:
3880:
3543:
3523:
of the United States with the principles of the Chilean independence movement. Finally, he founded the
3515:. It supported the independence movement. Additionally, Carrera was responsible for bringing the first
3494:
2603:
2577:
939:
513:
284:
3847:
In any case, San Martín and O'Higgins were in agreement that the danger would not be passed until the
3752:
2814:
office and forced to resign on July 16, 1810, to be in turn replaced by the next most senior soldier,
2803:
1610:
1420:
1328:
1248:
1243:
1146:
1141:
1041:
751:
5237:
5138:
5133:
5060:
5029:
5017:
4783:
4343:
4014:
3957:
3596:
3562:
3505:
such as the flag, shield, and insignia. Also during his government, the first Chilean newspaper, the
3486:
3447:
3432:
3431:. The great political surprise up to that point had been the results from the other center of power,
3423:
By March 1811, 36 representatives had already been elected in all major cities with the exception of
3007:
2598:
2464:
2414:
1941:
1565:
1505:
1490:
1056:
1036:
819:
5342:
5232:
5065:
4977:
4962:
4658:
4062:
3906:
3900:
3896:
3848:
3809:
3702:
3512:
2840:
began to lobby him in order to obtain the formation of a junta. In August the Royal Appeals Court (
2799:
2678:
2592:
2429:
2203:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2026:
1811:
1749:
1638:
1595:
1550:
1530:
1151:
1104:
981:
414:
179:
31:
4413:
Fiscalidad, integración social y política exterior en el pensamiento liberal atlántico (1810–1930)
4177:
3853:
3659:
5312:
5264:
5242:
5227:
5191:
4995:
4972:
4952:
4887:
4825:
4669:
4467:
4455:
4441:
4067:
3918:
3861:
3612:
3507:
3055:
3002:
2767:
2724:
2674:
2501:
2102:
2078:
2063:
1114:
1081:
1051:
1021:
165:
3748:
3519:
consul to Chile. This was important, as it established a direct link between the liberalism and
1258:
714:
172:
4579:
La guerra a muerte: memoria sobre las últimas campañas de la Independencia de Chile (1819–1824)
3971:
government obtained a large loan in London to finance the independence struggle. The resulting
2754:
In 1809, Governor García Carrasco himself was implicated in a flagrant case of corruption (the
2673:
to govern the Empire in the absence of a legitimate king reached the country. In the meantime,
5322:
5259:
5158:
5092:
5084:
4931:
4773:
4677:
4526:
4477:
4416:
4359:
4240:
4187:
4182:
4087:
3841:
3829:
3781:
3690:
3632:
3424:
3366:
3175:
2954:
2849:
2775:
2444:
2439:
2352:
1956:
1911:
1540:
1535:
830:
733:
561:
3905:
The independence wars in Chile (1810–1818) and Peru (1809–1824) had a negative impact on the
5361:
5284:
5186:
5121:
4892:
4867:
4842:
4717:
4629:
4380:
4266:
4102:
4092:
3833:
3821:
3647:
3579:
3566:
3405:
3391:
3379:
3165:
3045:
2880:
2841:
2755:
2523:
1951:
1739:
1560:
1046:
834:
774:
659:
463:
241:
5307:
5302:
5176:
5153:
4385:
4323:
3910:
3772:
3764:
3550:
3440:
2931:
2855:
2826:
2759:
2744:
2469:
2255:
2068:
2031:
1370:
1299:
718:
687:
4167:
3884:
525:
5377:
5337:
5317:
5274:
5217:
4685:
4122:
4047:
3976:
3872:
3732:
3584:
3558:
3478:
3360:
3264:
2959:
2810:
2642:
2630:
2543:
2539:
2434:
1710:
756:
738:
671:
627:
402:
270:
142:
4320:
Historia contemporánea de Chile III. La economía: mercados empresarios y trabajadores.
3852:
of opportunities to land the decisive blow against the viceroy, and in the end it was
2530:, 'War of Independence of Chile') was a military and political event that allowed the
5397:
4551:
4538:
4244:
4172:
4107:
4082:
3837:
3698:
3667:
3663:
3516:
3428:
3352:
2716:
2686:
2486:
2238:
2186:
2001:
702:
280:
237:
229:
3701:
were encountered on the plain of Chacabuco, to the north of Santiago. The resulting
3658:, a leader of the Argentine independence movement who would become regarded as the "
3617:
17:
5382:
5163:
5102:
5097:
4987:
4028:
4000:
3539:
3490:
3467:
3306:
3250:
2992:
2763:
2690:
2586:
2531:
857:
815:
804:
347:
327:
3557:. As a result, in 1813, he sent a military expedition by sea under the command of
4516:
4471:
4662:
4512:
4327:
3983:
plus the favourable international markers for Chilean silver, copper and wheat.
3945:
3646:
A large group of patriots (among them Carrera and O'Higgins) decided to flee to
2921:
2506:
3990:
3953:
3777:
3731:
was installed as a new viceroy in Peru. He resolved to recall his son-in-law,
3588:
3520:
3316:
2969:
2787:
2685:, also made attempts to obtain the administration of the Spanish dominions in
1916:
1881:
883:
4447:
Estudios históricos sobre Vicente Benavides i las campañas del Sur: 1818–1822
3747:
Then, on April 5, 1818, San Martín inflicted a decisive defeat on Osorio the
1678:
3913:
phase was particularly destructive and ended only to see a period of outlaw
3651:
2771:
861:
378:
356:
149:
131:
4213:
3531:. Both of these prestigious institutions have survived to the present day.
2569:, who were looking for a definitive separation from the Spanish Crown; and
3784:
was liquidated in 1822 was the region around Concepcion finally pacified.
5247:
3949:
3934:
3914:
3857:
3802:
3592:
2696:
2662:
2496:
276:
265:
225:
3909:. Trade was disrupted and armies in Chile pillaged the countryside. The
2858:
to discuss the issue. The date was set for September 18, 1810 at 11 am.
4521:(in Spanish). Vol. I & II. Paris: Imprenta de E. Thunot y Cia.
3673:
3591:, demanding complete surrender. O'Higgins wanted to defend the city of
2491:
368:
30:"Battle of Chile" redirects here. For the film by Patricio Guzman, see
2733:
3926:
3549:
The triumph of rebellions—both in Chile and Argentina—disquieted the
2778:, the last redoubt against the French on Spanish soil. Moreover, the
2682:
2557:
in the Spanish-American colonies, in response to the capture of King
2553:, a military and political process that began after the formation of
631:
3719:
4617:
3791:
3718:
3672:
3616:
3538:
3477:
During this time, a well-connected young man and a veteran of the
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489:
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4586:
4462:(in Spanish). Vol. I–IV. Santiago: Imprenta del Ferrocarril.
2584:(January 28, 1823). It is also subdivided into three stages: the
3930:
3635:. The patriots found in Santiago—among whom were members of the
4590:
4362:; Silva, Osvaldo; Silva, Fernando and Estelle, Patricio. 1974.
1682:
887:
3868:—a lieutenant of Bolívar—defeated the royalist army for good.
3824:
in order to conquer the last Spanish stronghold in Chile, the
38:
4507:(in Spanish). Vol. I–XX. Santiago: Editorial Nascimento.
4495:(in Spanish). Vol. 2. Santiago: Empresa Editora Zig-Zag.
3412:). These groups were all decidedly against independence from
2641:. In May 1808 the overthrow of Charles and the start of the
4493:
Resumen de la Historia de Chile de Francisco Antonio Encina
4450:(in Spanish). Santiago: Imprenta de Julio Belin i Compañia.
3578:
After the attempt by Gaínza, the two sides had signed the
4383:[The external public debt of Chile (1810–2004)].
3883:, was not conquered until 1826, during the government of
3828:. This failed attempt ended in the minor but significant
2546:
and initiating the formation of an independent republic.
3856:
who launched the final offensive after coming down from
4581:(in Spanish). Santiago: Imprenta Nacional. p. 562.
4476:(in Spanish). Vol. I–XVI. Santiago: Rafael Jover.
3944:
Much of the war effort was financed with silver from
4302:. Cuadernos de Historia (in Spanish). Vol. II.
3816:. Later Cochrane disembarked troops under commander
3435:, in which Royalists had defeated the supporters of
3351:. Their first measure was to take a loyalty oath to
5283:
5204:
5120:
5083:
5053:
4986:
4930:
4824:
4761:
4646:
4637:
4628:
3925:and dependent upon seaborne trade with the port of
3740:
haranguing and rallying the soldiers with the cry "
4550:
4537:
4505:Historia de Chile: desde la prehistoria hasta 1891
4296:Chañarcillo, cuando de las montañas brotó la plata
4267:"Los industriales alemanes de Valdivia, 1850–1914"
3374:Three political factions started to coalesce: the
4233:
4231:
3654:. At the time, the governor of this province was
2629:—one of the smallest and poorest colonies in the
4381:"La deuda pública externa de Chile (1810–2004)"
4247:; Silva, Fernando and Estelle, Patricio. 1974.
3770:time of irregular warfare was later called the
3501:Carrera also created patriotic emblems for the
2758:) that managed to destroy whatever remnants of
2693:and northern Argentina and to style herself as
103:
4415:(in Spanish). Marcial Pons. pp. 237–238.
3860:, Peruvian independence was secured after the
3650:, an Andean province of the newly independent
2249:Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762–63)
4602:
4569:(in Spanish). Santiago: Periodico La Tribuna.
4460:Historia Jeneral de la Independencia de Chile
3836:headed from Valdivia an expedition to secure
3286:
2239:Iberian Peninsula and South America (1762–63)
1694:
899:
8:
3864:on December 9, 1824, in which forces led by
3511:was published under the editorship of Friar
1629:Brown's privateer expedition to the Pacific
5210:
5126:
4940:
4936:
4830:
4643:
4634:
4609:
4595:
4587:
3347:, was organized with the same powers as a
3293:
3279:
2865:
2573:, who sought to maintain unity with her.
1701:
1687:
1679:
906:
892:
884:
100:
3723:Bernardo O’Higgins, 'libertador' of Chile
3587:. The royalist force landed and moved to
89:Learn how and when to remove this message
3341:Government Junta of the Kingdom of Chile
52:This article includes a list of general
5424:1810s in the Captaincy General of Chile
4205:
3361:political turbulence and wars of Europe
2879:
2868:
2661:in April and in August the news of the
1525:Valdivia, Osorno and Chiloé (1820–1826)
719:
688:
362:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
5434:1810 in the Captaincy General of Chile
3041:Colonization of the Strait of Magellan
2677:, sister of Ferdinand and wife of the
2657:García Carrasco took over the post of
1624:Aid expeditions to the Río de la Plata
5409:Spanish American wars of independence
3814:complex of fortifications at Valdivia
2821:, even though a legitimate Governor,
2551:Spanish American Wars of independence
2234:Caribbean and North America (1739–48)
111:Spanish American wars of independence
7:
4863:Fjords, channels, sounds and straits
4518:Historia de la Independencia Chilena
3952:discovered in 1811. Chile adopted a
3788:Incorporation of Valdivia and Chiloé
2825:, had already been appointed by the
2637:, an able, respected and well-liked
3334:"¡Junta queremos! ¡junta queremos!"
2723:) and those who wanted to proclaim
2549:It developed in the context of the
2528:Guerra de la Independencia de Chile
1735:Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña (1478)
27:1810–26 war between Chile and Spain
4557:. New York: The Macmillan Company.
4553:The Revolutions in Spanish America
3742:There's still a country, citizens!
3662:" of the southern part of Spanish
2561:by Napoleonic forces in 1808. The
58:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3629:Francisco Casimiro Marcó del Pont
3622:Francisco Casimiro Marcó del Pont
2633:—was under the administration of
1600:
4815:
4265:Bernedo Pinto, Patricio (1999),
4021:
4007:
3993:
3258:
3244:
2890:
2794:idea. Among those arrested were
1591:Prieto brothers uprising of 1819
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840:
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4293:Cortés Lutz, Guillermo (2017).
2975:Destruction of the Seven Cities
2709:Conspiracy of the Tres Antonios
2563:First Government Junta of Chile
1957:Argentine Northwest (1560–1667)
1601:Abdication of O'Higgins in 1823
3737:Second Battle of Cancha Rayada
3693:was prepared by 1817. After a
269:Chile's independence from the
1:
4038:Argentine War of Independence
3964:created for exporting wheat.
3446:On April 1, Royalist colonel
3327:From the very beginning, the
2669:and of the conformation of a
1651:Liberating Expedition of Peru
1511:Pincheira brothers brigandage
187:Battle of San Carlos Bay Pass
5045:Comptroller General of Chile
4391:Biblioteca Nacional de Chile
3923:Mapuche-controlled territory
3695:difficult crossing the Andes
2425:Dominican Republic (1863–65)
1656:Benavente expedition to Peru
1291:Spanish South Sea expedition
5469:1820s in the Spanish Empire
5464:1810s in the Spanish Empire
5404:Chilean War of Independence
5270:Water supply and sanitation
4544:. New York: Alfred A Knopf.
4098:Juan Albano Pereira Márquez
3727:During the preceding time,
3715:First Chilean Navy Squadron
3525:Instituto Nacional de Chile
2615:declaration of independence
2520:Chilean War of Independence
917:Chilean War of Independence
104:Chilean War of Independence
5485:
5459:1826 in the Spanish Empire
5454:1821 in the Spanish Empire
5449:1810 in the Spanish Empire
4540:A History of Latin America
4491:Castedo, Leopoldo (1954).
3939:arrival of German settlers
3894:
3762:
3712:
3610:
3304:
2804:Bernardo de Vera y Pintado
2648:Juan Rodríguez Ballesteros
2627:Captaincy General of Chile
2625:At the start of 1808, the
2281:Banda Oriental (1776–1777)
1712:Spanish colonial campaigns
427:Captaincy General of Chile
218:Captaincy General of Chile
29:
5355:
5213:
5129:
4943:
4939:
4833:
4813:
4575:Vicuña Mackenna, Benjamín
4563:Vicuña Mackenna, Benjamín
4501:Encina, Francisco Antonio
4473:Historia Jeneral de Chile
4304:Museo Regional de Atacama
4138:Luisa Recabárren de Marin
4073:Francisco García Carrasco
3973:Chilean independence debt
3948:, a mining area south of
3697:, royalist forces led by
3529:National Library of Chile
2652:Francisco García Carrasco
2582:Supreme Director of Chile
2333:Spanish America (1808–33)
2328:Río de la Plata (1806–07)
1720:
1634:Chile privateers campaign
925:
869:
784:
471:
297:
199:
160:Clockwise from top left:
116:
108:
4536:Herring, Hubert (1968).
4148:José Fernando de Abascal
4078:Francisco Marcó del Pont
3887:, O'Higgins' successor.
3796:Resignation of O'Higgins
3555:José Fernando de Abascal
3018:War of the Confederation
2823:Francisco Javier de Elío
2715:and the divine right of
2502:Western Sahara (1973–76)
2430:Peru and Chile (1864–66)
2229:Banda Oriental (1735–37)
1730:Canary Islands (1402–96)
1611:Campino uprising of 1827
1579:Carrera uprising of 1814
1573:Relevant civil conflicts
1264:Second southern campaign
1164:Patria Nueva (1817–1819)
1100:Central Chile insurgency
929:Patria Vieja (1812–1814)
4368:Editorial Universitaria
4344:La Hacienda (1830–1930)
4253:Editorial Universitaria
3457:Real Audiencia of Chile
3320:Opening session of the
3156:Transition to democracy
3051:Occupation of Araucanía
2854:(city hall) meeting in
2286:North America (1779–83)
2204:North America (1702–13)
2042:Philippines (1599-1600)
1977:Philippines (1565–1898)
1606:Chiloé uprising in 1826
1175:First southern campaign
1094:Reconquista (1815–1817)
1062:Maule River north march
73:more precise citations.
4549:Prago, Albert (1970).
4163:Juan Martínez de Rozas
4128:Mateo de Toro Zambrano
4043:Antonio de Quintanilla
3962:Australian gold rushes
3907:Chilean wheat industry
3797:
3724:
3678:
3641:Juan Fernández Islands
3624:
3546:
3474:
3437:Juan Martínez de Rozas
3409:
3395:
3383:
3371:
3370:Juan Martínez de Rozas
3357:Juan Martínez de Rozas
3324:
3079:Parliamentary Republic
3074:1891 Chilean Civil War
2845:
2816:Mateo de Toro Zambrano
2751:
2749:Mateo de Toro Zambrano
2559:Ferdinand VII of Spain
2555:self-government juntas
1170:Juan Fernández Islands
472:Commanders and leaders
275:Chilean annexation of
224:, the governorates of
5071:Investigations Police
4734:Presidential Republic
4710:Conservative Republic
4702:Republic Organization
4370:, Chile. pp. 481–485.
4255:, Chile. pp. 406–413.
4133:Joaquín de la Pezuela
4053:Antonio José de Sucre
3866:Antonio José de Sucre
3826:Archipelago of Chiloé
3795:
3729:Joaquín de la Pezuela
3722:
3676:
3620:
3542:
3470:
3369:
3319:
3138:Military dictatorship
3105:Presidential Republic
3036:Conservative Republic
3013:Civil war (1829–1830)
2927:Origin of the Mapuche
2819:Count of la Conquista
2796:José Antonio de Rojas
2780:Supreme Central Junta
2770:forces had conquered
2747:
2671:Supreme Central Junta
2507:Western Sahara (1975)
2460:Philippines (1896–98)
2415:Cochinchina (1858–62)
2316:Caribbean (1796–1802)
2177:Lake Maracaibo (1669)
2113:Philippines (1638-46)
1987:Philippines (1567–72)
1842:El Salvador (1524–39)
1837:Guatemala (1524–1697)
1797:Puerto Rico (1511–29)
1596:Osorno mutiny of 1821
1110:Crossing of the Andes
870:Casualties and losses
439:Governorate of Chiloé
5419:Wars involving Spain
5414:Wars involving Chile
5040:Constitutional Court
4918:World Heritage Sites
4750:Democracy Transition
4113:Lord Thomas Cochrane
4015:Latin America portal
3958:California Gold Rush
3639:—were exiled to the
3597:Disaster of Rancagua
3463:Carrera dictatorship
3343:, also known as the
3224:Chilean coups d'état
3068:Parliamentary period
2768:Napoleon Bonaparte's
2681:, who was living in
2635:Luis Muñoz de Guzmán
2596:(1814–1817) and the
2187:New Mexico (1680–92)
610:Juan G. de las Heras
18:Chilean independence
5108:Ministry of Defence
4567:El sitio de Chillán
4468:Barros Arana, Diego
4456:Barros Arana, Diego
4442:Barros Arana, Diego
4158:José Miguel Infante
4153:José Miguel Carrera
3941:in the late 1840s.
3901:Chilean silver rush
3897:Chilean wheat cycle
3849:Viceroyalty of Peru
3703:Battle of Chacabuco
3483:José Miguel Carrera
3472:José Miguel Carrera
3418:José Miguel Infante
3194:Agriculture history
3110:Radical governments
3094:Presidential period
2998:War of Independence
2800:Juan Antonio Ovalle
2727:as Queen (known as
2420:Morocco (1859–1860)
2410:Balanguingui (1848)
2378:Venezuela (1811–23)
2343:Argentina (1810–18)
1857:Yucatán (1527–1697)
1832:Chiapas (1523–1695)
598:Antonio G. Balcarce
415:Viceroyalty of Peru
182:(3–4 February 1820)
180:Capture of Valdivia
33:The Battle of Chile
5182:Telecommunications
4360:Villalobos, Sergio
4347:. Memoria Chilena.
4241:Villalobos, Sergio
4143:José de San Martín
4068:Charlotte Joaquina
4058:Bernardo O'Higgins
3969:Bernardo O'Higgins
3919:Pincheira brothers
3862:Battle of Ayacucho
3798:
3725:
3679:
3656:José de San Martín
3625:
3613:Reconquest (Chile)
3547:
3544:Bernardo O'Higgins
3508:La Aurora de Chile
3495:Bernardo O'Higgins
3475:
3372:
3325:
3265:History portal
3229:Political scandals
3115:Allende and UP era
3056:War of the Pacific
2752:
2725:Charlotte Joaquina
2675:Charlotte Joaquina
2604:Chiloé Archipelago
2578:Bernardo O'Higgins
2465:Puerto Rico (1898)
2435:Puerto Rico (1868)
2393:Colombia (1819–20)
2388:Colombia (1815–16)
2368:El Salvador (1811)
2353:Paraguay (1810–11)
2296:New Granada (1781)
2266:Philippines (1762)
2172:Porto Bello (1668)
2142:Philippines (1646)
2098:Philippines (1630)
2054:Philippines (1602)
2037:Puerto Rico (1598)
2027:Philippines (1596)
2022:Puerto Rico (1595)
2017:Cambodia (1593–97)
1897:Colombia (1537–40)
1847:Honduras (1524–39)
1812:Mexico (1519–1821)
1303:(1819–c.1824/7/32)
586:José de San Martín
538:M. Blanco Encalada
168:(1–2 October 1814)
166:Battle of Rancagua
5391:
5390:
5351:
5350:
5200:
5199:
5116:
5115:
5079:
5078:
4968:Political parties
4958:Foreign relations
4948:National Congress
4926:
4925:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4726:Parliamentary Era
4670:Spanish Discovery
4422:978-84-9123-174-5
4364:Historia De Chile
4249:Historia De Chile
4216:. World Statesmen
4188:Vicente San Bruno
4183:Vicente Benavides
4088:Founding of Talca
3842:Battle of El Toro
3810:successful attack
3782:Vicente Benavides
3691:Army of the Andes
3633:Vicente San Bruno
3535:Spanish invasions
3452:National Congress
3448:Tomás de Figueroa
3303:
3302:
3176:Politics of Chile
3030:Republican period
2965:Captaincy General
2659:Governor of Chile
2515:
2514:
2497:Morocco (1957–58)
2492:Morocco (1920–26)
2487:Morocco (1911–12)
2450:Morocco (1893–94)
2398:Ecuador (1820–22)
2338:Bolivia (1809–25)
2271:Chile (1766–1767)
2219:Chile (1723–1726)
2152:Hispaniola (1655)
2059:Insulindia (1603)
2012:Insulindia (1585)
2007:Insulindia (1582)
1917:Chile (1546–1662)
1807:Algeria (1517–18)
1676:
1675:
1646:Cochrane campaign
1584:Las Tres Acequias
1254:2nd Cancha Rayada
1067:1st Cancha Rayada
882:
881:
831:Army of the Andes
770:A. de Quintanilla
734:Vicente Benavides
293:
292:
189:(11 January 1826)
99:
98:
91:
16:(Redirected from
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4941:
4937:
4831:
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4754:
4746:
4738:
4730:
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4718:Liberal Republic
4714:
4706:
4698:
4690:
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4678:Spanish Conquest
4674:
4666:
4644:
4635:
4611:
4604:
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4221:
4210:
4118:Manuel Rodríguez
4103:Georges Beauchef
4063:Camilo Henríquez
4031:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4017:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4003:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3981:Joaquín Tocornal
3834:Georges Beauchef
3753:Embrace of Maipú
3683:Manuel Rodríguez
3677:Manuel Rodríguez
3580:Treaty of Lircay
3513:Camilo Henríquez
3295:
3288:
3281:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3251:Chile portal
3249:
3248:
3247:
3209:Maritime history
3199:Economic history
3166:Mapuche conflict
3161:Student protests
3133:1973 coup d'état
3100:1925 coup d'état
3083:1924 coup d'état
3046:Liberal Republic
2955:Spanish conquest
2894:
2884:
2866:
2809:Inspired by the
2756:Scorpion scandal
2679:King of Portugal
2540:Spanish Monarchy
2403:Mexico (1821–29)
2358:Mexico (1810–21)
2261:Nicaragua (1762)
1912:Halmahera (1545)
1882:Brazil (1534-36)
1817:Mexico (1519–21)
1715:
1713:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1466:Vegas de Saldías
1309:Fort Santa Juana
1239:2nd Quechereguas
1072:1st Quechereguas
920:
918:
908:
901:
894:
885:
865:Mapuche warriors
856:
855:
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835:Mapuche warriors
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69:this article by
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5333:Public holidays
5298:Beauty pageants
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5030:Law enforcement
4982:
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4883:Natural regions
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4742:Pinochet Regime
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4434:Further reading
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4386:Memoria Chilena
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4324:Gabriel Salazar
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4263:
4259:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4219:
4217:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4027:
4022:
4020:
4013:
4008:
4006:
3999:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3911:Guerra a muerte
3903:
3893:
3891:Economic impact
3790:
3773:Guerra a muerte
3767:
3765:Guerra a muerte
3761:
3749:Battle of Maipú
3717:
3711:
3689:The liberating
3615:
3609:
3551:Viceroy of Peru
3537:
3465:
3441:Figueroa mutiny
3314:
3309:
3299:
3270:
3259:
3257:
3245:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3189:
3181:
3180:
3171:Social Outburst
3151:
3143:
3142:
3128:
3127:Pinochet regime
3120:
3119:
3095:
3087:
3086:
3069:
3061:
3060:
3031:
3023:
3022:
2988:
2987:Nation-building
2980:
2979:
2950:
2942:
2941:
2917:
2882:
2875:
2864:
2827:Viceroy of Peru
2760:moral authority
2623:
2606:in 1826 and in
2544:colonial period
2516:
2511:
2383:Chile (1812–27)
2244:Portugal (1762)
2137:Valdivia (1643)
2074:Petén (1618–97)
1716:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1677:
1672:
1661:Coast of Cobija
1639:Grenadine coast
1618:External fronts
1615:
1570:
1522:
1481:Coast of Arauco
1300:Guerra a muerte
1295:
1210:2nd Carampangue
1205:1st Carampangue
1190:3rd La Frontera
1161:
1091:
1002:2nd La Frontera
960:1st La Frontera
921:
916:
914:
912:
864:
850:
849:
839:
833:
825:
823:
822:
808:
807:
797:
792:
790:
780:
762:
744:
726:
707:
695:
676:
664:
652:
648:Juan F. Sánchez
642:
640:
632:
622:
620:
614:
604:
602:
592:
590:
580:
578:
574:José M. Borgoño
566:
554:
550:Thomas Cochrane
542:
530:
518:
506:
501:
499:
487:
482:
480:
445:
433:
431:
421:
419:
409:
407:
395:
366:
354:
345:
344:
334:
325:
324:
316:
314:
310:
258:
244:
240:of America and
195:
194:
193:
192:
173:Battle of Maipú
157:
156:
155:
154:
153:
146:
137:
136:
135:
128:
95:
84:
78:
75:
65:Please help to
64:
48:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5482:
5480:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5429:1820s in Chile
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5396:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5373:
5372:
5365:
5357:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5214:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5172:Stock Exchange
5169:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5130:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5089:
5087:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5010:
5009:
5008:
4998:
4992:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4944:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4878:National parks
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4858:Extreme points
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4834:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4753:(1990–Present)
4747:
4739:
4731:
4723:
4715:
4707:
4699:
4691:
4683:
4675:
4667:
4650:
4648:
4641:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4591:
4584:
4583:
4571:
4559:
4546:
4533:
4523:
4509:
4497:
4488:
4483:978-0598482358
4482:
4464:
4452:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4421:
4403:
4389:(in Spanish).
4372:
4349:
4332:
4309:
4285:
4257:
4245:Silva, Osvaldo
4227:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4193:William Miller
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4123:Mariano Osorio
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4048:Antonio Pareja
4045:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4018:
4004:
3988:
3985:
3977:Manuel Rengifo
3892:
3889:
3873:historiography
3830:Battle of Agüi
3818:William Miller
3789:
3786:
3763:Main article:
3760:
3757:
3733:Mariano Osorio
3710:
3707:
3608:
3605:
3585:Mariano Osorio
3559:Antonio Pareja
3536:
3533:
3479:Peninsular War
3464:
3461:
3349:Royal Governor
3313:
3310:
3305:Main article:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3254:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3214:Mining history
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3188:Related topics
3187:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2960:Colonial Chile
2957:
2951:
2949:Colonial times
2948:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:Incas in Chile
2934:
2932:Early Mapuches
2929:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2907:Years in Chile
2896:
2895:
2887:
2886:
2877:
2876:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2846:Real Audiencia
2811:May Revolution
2776:siege to Cádiz
2643:Peninsular War
2639:Royal Governor
2631:Spanish Empire
2622:
2619:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2482:Morocco (1909)
2478:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2455:Cuba (1895–98)
2452:
2447:
2445:Cuba (1879–80)
2442:
2440:Cuba (1868–78)
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2373:Uruguay (1811)
2370:
2365:
2363:Peru (1811–24)
2360:
2355:
2350:
2348:Florida (1810)
2345:
2340:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2306:Algiers (1784)
2303:
2301:Algiers (1783)
2298:
2293:
2291:Peru (1780–82)
2288:
2283:
2278:
2276:Algiers (1775)
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2214:Bahamas (1720)
2211:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2192:Morocco (1689)
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2167:Jamaica (1658)
2164:
2162:Jamaica (1657)
2159:
2157:Jamaica (1655)
2154:
2149:
2147:Tortuga (1654)
2144:
2139:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2069:Morocco (1614)
2066:
2064:Tunisia (1605)
2061:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1997:Tunisia (1574)
1994:
1992:Tunisia (1573)
1989:
1984:
1982:Florida (1565)
1979:
1974:
1972:Morocco (1564)
1969:
1967:Morocco (1563)
1964:
1962:Algeria (1563)
1959:
1954:
1952:Tunisia (1560)
1949:
1947:Algeria (1558)
1944:
1942:Algeria (1556)
1939:
1937:Algeria (1555)
1934:
1929:
1927:Tunisia (1550)
1924:
1922:Algeria (1547)
1919:
1914:
1909:
1907:Algeria (1543)
1904:
1902:Algeria (1541)
1899:
1894:
1892:Tunisia (1535)
1889:
1887:Algeria (1535)
1884:
1879:
1877:Tunisia (1534)
1874:
1872:Peru (1532–72)
1869:
1867:Algeria (1531)
1864:
1862:Algeria (1529)
1859:
1854:
1852:Morocco (1525)
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1827:Tunisia (1520)
1824:
1822:Algeria (1519)
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1802:Algeria (1516)
1799:
1794:
1792:Tunisia (1510)
1789:
1787:Tripoli (1510)
1784:
1782:Algeria (1510)
1779:
1777:Algeria (1509)
1774:
1772:Morocco (1508)
1769:
1767:Algeria (1507)
1764:
1762:Algeria (1505)
1758:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1750:Melilla (1497)
1747:
1745:Algeria (1497)
1742:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1556:San Carlos Bay
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1441:2nd Concepción
1438:
1433:
1431:6th Talcahuano
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1406:5th Talcahuano
1403:
1398:
1393:
1391:3rd San Carlos
1388:
1386:Fort San Pedro
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1227:3rd Valparaíso
1224:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1200:3rd Talcahuano
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1157:2nd Valparaíso
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1077:1st Concepción
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
977:2nd San Carlos
974:
967:
965:2nd Talcahuano
962:
957:
955:1st San Carlos
952:
947:
942:
937:
935:1st Talcahuano
931:
930:
926:
923:
922:
913:
911:
910:
903:
896:
888:
880:
879:
876:
872:
871:
867:
866:
837:
787:
786:
782:
781:
779:
778:
760:
742:
724:
705:
693:
684:F. M. del Pont
674:
672:Mariano Osorio
662:
650:
638:
628:Antonio Pareja
617:
615:
613:
612:
600:
588:
576:
564:
562:Joaquín Prieto
552:
540:
528:
516:
497:
477:
474:
473:
469:
468:
467:
466:
461:
458:
455:
452:
444:
443:
442:
441:
429:
417:
403:Spanish Empire
383:
382:
381:
376:
365:
364:
352:
332:
300:
299:
295:
294:
291:
290:
289:
288:
273:
260:
254:
253:
250:
246:
245:
215:
213:
209:
208:
205:
197:
196:
191:
190:
183:
176:
175:(5 April 1818)
169:
161:
159:
158:
147:
140:
139:
138:
129:
122:
121:
120:
119:
118:
117:
114:
113:
106:
105:
97:
96:
51:
49:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5481:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5444:1826 in Chile
5442:
5440:
5439:1821 in Chile
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5366:
5363:
5359:
5358:
5354:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5203:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5054:Public safety
5052:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5035:Supreme Court
5033:
5031:
5028:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4929:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4818:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4751:
4748:
4743:
4740:
4735:
4732:
4727:
4724:
4719:
4716:
4711:
4708:
4703:
4700:
4695:
4692:
4687:
4684:
4679:
4676:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4612:
4607:
4605:
4600:
4598:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4554:
4547:
4542:
4541:
4534:
4532:
4531:0-7195-5566-3
4528:
4524:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4503:(1940–1952).
4502:
4498:
4494:
4489:
4485:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4470:(1884–1902).
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4424:
4418:
4414:
4407:
4404:
4392:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4353:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4313:
4310:
4306:. p. 25.
4305:
4298:
4297:
4289:
4286:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4268:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4215:
4209:
4206:
4199:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4178:Simón Bolívar
4176:
4174:
4173:Rafael Maroto
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4108:Logia Lautaro
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4093:Gabino Gaínza
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4083:Ferdinand VII
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4019:
4016:
4005:
4002:
3991:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3902:
3898:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3854:Simón Bolívar
3850:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3822:Chiloé Island
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3806:Lord Cochrane
3804:
3794:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3766:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3743:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3721:
3716:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3699:Rafael Maroto
3696:
3692:
3687:
3684:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3668:Logia Lautaro
3665:
3664:South America
3661:
3660:Simón Bolívar
3657:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3567:Gabino Gaínza
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3545:
3541:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3493:, as well as
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3473:
3469:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3353:Ferdinand VII
3350:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3335:
3330:
3323:
3318:
3311:
3308:
3296:
3291:
3289:
3284:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2916:Early history
2913:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2717:Ferdinand VII
2714:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2687:Latin America
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2590:(1810–1814),
2589:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2542:, ending the
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2209:Chiloé (1712)
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:Panama (1671)
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2128:Taiwan (1642)
2126:
2124:
2123:Taiwan (1641)
2121:
2119:
2118:Brazil (1640)
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2108:Brazil (1638)
2106:
2104:
2103:Brazil (1631)
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2084:Taiwan (1626)
2082:
2080:
2079:Brazil (1625)
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:Brunei (1578)
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:Guinea (1478)
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1476:5th Araucanía
1474:
1472:
1471:4th Araucanía
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1456:3rd Araucanía
1454:
1452:
1451:2nd Araucanía
1449:
1447:
1446:Chillán River
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1401:1st Araucanía
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1125:Guardia Vieja
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
972:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
945:Yerbas Buenas
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
932:
928:
927:
924:
919:
909:
904:
902:
897:
895:
890:
889:
886:
877:
874:
873:
868:
863:
859:
854:
848:
847:Royalist Army
843:
838:
836:
832:
821:
817:
812:
806:
801:
789:
788:
783:
776:
771:
766:
761:
758:
753:
748:
743:
740:
735:
730:
725:
722:
716:
711:
706:
704:
703:Rafael Maroto
699:
694:
691:
685:
680:
675:
673:
668:
663:
661:
660:Gabino Gaínza
656:
651:
649:
639:
637:
635:
629:
619:
618:
616:
611:
601:
599:
589:
587:
577:
575:
570:
565:
563:
558:
553:
551:
546:
541:
539:
534:
529:
527:
522:
517:
515:
510:
498:
496:
495:J. M. Carrera
491:
479:
478:
476:
475:
470:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
449:
448:
440:
430:
428:
418:
416:
406:
405:
404:
399:
394:
393:
392:
391:
389:
384:
380:
377:
374:
373:
372:
370:
363:
358:
353:
350:, since 1817)
349:
343:
338:
333:
330:, until 1814)
329:
323:
313:
312:
311:
309:
307:
302:
301:
296:
286:
283:in 1820, and
282:
278:
274:
272:
271:Spanish Crown
268:
267:
263:
262:
261:
256:
255:
251:
248:
247:
243:
242:Neuquén Basin
239:
238:South Pacific
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
211:
210:
206:
203:
202:
198:
188:
184:
181:
177:
174:
170:
167:
163:
162:
151:
144:
133:
126:
115:
112:
107:
102:
93:
90:
82:
72:
68:
62:
61:
55:
50:
41:
40:
35:
34:
19:
5223:Demographics
5144:Central Bank
5013:Human rights
5001:Constitution
4784:Expansionism
4694:Independence
4693:
4578:
4566:
4552:
4539:
4517:
4513:Gay, Claudio
4504:
4492:
4472:
4459:
4446:
4412:
4406:
4394:. Retrieved
4384:
4375:
4363:
4357:(in Spanish)
4352:
4342:
4340:(in Spanish)
4335:
4330:. pp. 19–20.
4319:
4317:(in Spanish)
4312:
4295:
4288:
4279:
4273:
4260:
4248:
4238:(in Spanish)
4218:. Retrieved
4208:
4168:Ramón Freire
4029:Chile portal
4001:Spain portal
3966:
3943:
3933:the city of
3904:
3885:Ramón Freire
3877:Patria Nueva
3876:
3870:
3846:
3832:. Later on,
3820:at northern
3799:
3771:
3768:
3746:
3741:
3726:
3709:Patria Nueva
3688:
3680:
3645:
3626:
3601:Patria Vieja
3600:
3577:
3570:
3548:
3506:
3503:Patria Vieja
3502:
3499:
3476:
3445:
3422:
3400:
3387:
3375:
3373:
3344:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3326:
3307:Patria Vieja
3256:
3242:
3219:Chilean wars
3204:LGBT history
3150:Contemporary
3008:Patria Nueva
2997:
2993:Patria Vieja
2905:
2899:
2862:Patria Vieja
2850:
2837:
2831:
2808:
2791:
2783:
2764:Buenos Aires
2753:
2738:
2732:
2728:
2720:
2712:
2702:
2694:
2691:Buenos Aires
2665:invasion of
2656:
2624:
2612:
2599:Patria Nueva
2597:
2591:
2587:Patria Vieja
2585:
2575:
2548:
2532:emancipation
2527:
2519:
2517:
2476:20th century
2382:
2322:19th century
2311:Chile (1792)
2198:18th century
2134:
2093:Nevis (1629)
2090:
2048:17th century
1932:Libya (1551)
1756:16th century
1724:15th century
1396:Monte Blanco
1339:
1298:
1284:Biobío River
1274:2nd Quirihue
1195:Gavilán Hill
992:1st Quirihue
970:
915:
858:Spanish Navy
816:Chilean Navy
805:Chilean Army
752:Juan M. Pico
715:José Ordóñez
633:
526:Ramón Freire
514:B. O'Higgins
446:
386:
385:
367:
348:Patria Nueva
328:Patria Vieja
304:
303:
298:Belligerents
264:
109:Part of the
85:
79:October 2009
76:
57:
32:
5238:Immigration
5139:Aquaculture
5134:Agriculture
5066:Gendarmerie
5061:Carabineros
4913:Lighthouses
4853:Environment
4848:Earthquakes
4769:Agriculture
4745:(1973–1990)
4737:(1925–1973)
4729:(1891–1925)
4721:(1861–1891)
4713:(1831–1861)
4705:(1823–1831)
4697:(1810–1826)
4689:(1600–1810)
4681:(1540–1600)
4673:(1536–1540)
4654:Prehispanic
4328:Julio Pinto
3946:Agua Amarga
3871:In Chilean
3637:First Junta
3607:Reconquista
3603:to an end.
3572:Reconquista
3443:broke out.
3345:First Junta
3322:First Junta
3312:First Junta
2922:Monte Verde
2881:History of
2721:absolutists
2593:Reconquista
2470:Guam (1898)
2256:Cuba (1762)
2224:Oran (1732)
2032:Cuba (1596)
1426:Tarpellanca
1381:El Avellano
1366:Talcamávida
1351:Curanilahue
1324:4th Chillán
1319:Los Ángeles
1279:3rd Chillán
1215:2nd Chillán
1185:Curapalihue
1120:Potrerillos
1087:Los Papeles
1032:Cucha-Cucha
1007:Huilquilemu
982:1st Chillán
257:Territorial
71:introducing
5398:Categories
5343:Television
5328:Newspapers
5313:Literature
5253:Indigenous
5233:Healthcare
5166:(currency)
4996:Civil Code
4978:Ministries
4963:Government
4200:References
3954:free trade
3895:See also:
3713:See also:
3611:See also:
3563:Concepción
3521:federalism
3433:Concepción
3429:Valparaíso
3398:) and the
3376:Extremists
3003:Reconquest
2970:Arauco War
2729:carlotists
2719:(known as
2713:status quo
2663:Napoleonic
2621:Background
2089:St. Kitts
1566:Bellavista
1501:Panguilemu
1461:Arauco Bay
1416:2nd Yumbel
1411:2nd Quilmo
1376:1st Yumbel
1346:1st Quilmo
1314:Mesamávida
1269:2nd Parral
1232:Curaumilla
1220:Bustamante
1180:1st Parral
1135:Las Coimas
1130:Achupallas
1057:Membrillar
950:Valparaíso
862:privateers
820:privateers
464:Huilliches
457:Pehuenches
379:Pehuenches
54:references
5323:Mythology
5265:Squatting
5243:Languages
5228:Education
5192:Transport
5149:Companies
5093:Air Force
4973:President
4953:Elections
4908:Volcanoes
4888:Provinces
4826:Geography
3778:Total war
3759:Total war
3652:Argentina
3487:Juan José
3410:realistas
3401:Royalists
3396:moderados
3388:Moderates
3384:exaltados
3329:juntistas
2838:juntistas
2834:"criollo"
2784:carlotist
2774:and laid
2772:Andalusia
2739:juntistas
2695:Queen of
2610:in 1827.
2608:Araucanía
2571:Royalists
2538:from the
1551:Mocopulli
1546:Carelmapu
1496:Laraquete
1436:Cocharcas
1249:2nd Talca
1152:Chacabuco
1105:Juncalito
1047:1st Talca
1027:Trancoyan
1012:Quilacoya
997:Cauquenes
987:Aconcagua
451:Arribanos
388:Royalists
222:Araucanía
207:1812–1827
5378:Category
5260:Religion
5159:Forestry
5085:Military
5023:Intersex
4932:Politics
4794:Maritime
4779:Economic
4774:Banditry
4762:By topic
4686:Colonial
4639:Timeline
4622:articles
4577:(1868).
4565:(1849).
4515:(1856).
4458:(1855).
4444:(1850).
4275:Historia
4220:31 March
3987:See also
3967:In 1822
3960:and the
3950:Vallenar
3935:Valdivia
3915:banditry
3858:Colombia
3803:Scotsman
3593:Rancagua
3527:and the
3517:American
3425:Santiago
2901:Timeline
2872:a series
2870:Part of
2856:Santiago
2697:La Plata
2567:Patriots
1531:Valdivia
1356:Trilaleo
1334:Posillas
1115:Picheuta
1082:Rancagua
1052:El Quilo
1022:El Roble
785:Strength
460:Costinos
454:Boroanos
375:Abajinos
371:allies:
306:Patriots
277:Valdivia
266:De facto
226:Valdivia
212:Location
5362:Outline
5308:Cuisine
5285:Culture
5206:Society
5187:Tourism
5122:Economy
5006:History
4893:Regions
4873:Islands
4868:Geology
4843:Climate
4647:Periods
4630:History
4396:May 18,
4214:"Chile"
3648:Mendoza
3589:Chillán
3406:Spanish
3392:Spanish
3386:), the
3380:Spanish
2851:Cabildo
2842:Spanish
2705:criollo
2524:Spanish
2133:Chiloé
1541:El Toro
1516:Neuquén
1361:Hualqui
1340:Dolores
1244:Illapel
1017:Florida
940:Linares
878:Unknown
875:Unknown
717: (
686: (
634:†
369:Mapuche
287:in 1826
259:changes
67:improve
5383:Portal
5338:Sports
5303:Cinema
5248:People
5177:Mining
5154:Energy
4898:Rivers
4838:Cities
4789:Mining
4661:–1536
4620:
4529:
4480:
4419:
4322:2002.
4282:: 5–42
3927:Callao
3917:(e.g.
3881:Chiloé
3875:, the
3838:Osorno
2874:on the
2683:Brazil
1668:Callao
1561:Pudeto
1421:Pangal
1329:Curalí
1147:Salala
1142:Cumpeo
1042:Gomero
971:Thomas
772:
754:
736:
630:
285:Chiloé
281:Osorno
249:Result
234:Chiloé
230:Osorno
56:, but
5369:Index
5318:Music
5275:Women
5218:Crime
5164:Peso
4903:Lakes
4618:Chile
4300:(PDF)
4270:(PDF)
3812:on a
3414:Spain
2883:Chile
2792:junta
2766:that
2734:junta
2667:Spain
2536:Chile
1506:Bureo
1491:Alico
1486:Boroa
1371:Pileo
1259:Maipú
1037:Penco
342:Chile
322:Chile
5293:Arts
5103:Navy
5098:Army
5018:LGBT
4799:Wars
4527:ISBN
4478:ISBN
4417:ISBN
4398:2022
4326:and
4222:2012
3979:and
3931:Peru
3899:and
3491:Luis
3489:and
3427:and
3339:The
2802:and
2788:Lima
2518:The
1536:Agüi
860:and
818:and
279:and
232:and
216:The
204:Date
185:The
178:The
171:The
164:The
4988:Law
4659:ACN
3929:in
2741:).
2580:as
2534:of
720:POW
689:POW
5400::
4663:AD
4366:.
4280:32
4278:,
4272:,
4251:.
4243:;
4230:^
3844:.
3755:.
3575:.
3553:,
3497:.
3481:,
3408::
3394::
3382::
2904:•
2844::
2829:.
2806:.
2798:,
2700:.
2654:.
2613:A
2526::
236:,
228:,
220:,
4665:)
4657:(
4610:e
4603:t
4596:v
4486:.
4425:.
4400:.
4224:.
3776:(
3404:(
3390:(
3378:(
3294:e
3287:t
3280:v
2522:(
2135:·
2091:·
1702:e
1695:t
1688:v
907:e
900:t
893:v
723:)
692:)
390::
346:(
326:(
308::
92:)
86:(
81:)
77:(
63:.
36:.
20:)
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