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The chipping sparrow breeds in grassy, open woodland clearings and shrubby grass fields. The nest is normally above ground but below 6 metres (20 ft) in height, and about 1 metre (3.3 ft) on average, in a tree (usually a conifer, especially those that are young, short, and thick) or bush.
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of two to seven pale blue to white eggs with black, brown, or purple markings. They are about 17 by 12 millimetres (0.67 by 0.47 in), and incubated by the female for 10 to 15 days. The chipping sparrow is often brood parasitized by brown-headed cowbirds, usually resulting in the nest being
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is a trill that varies considerably among birds within any particular region. Two broad classes of variation in the song of the chipping sparrow are the fast trill and the slow trill. Individual elements in the fast trill are run together about twice as fast as in the slow trill; the fast trill
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There are two subspecies, the eastern chipping sparrow and the western chipping sparrow. This bird is a partial migrant with northerly populations flying southwards in the fall to overwinter in Mexico and the southern United States, and flying northward again in spring.
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In the winter, chipping sparrows are gregarious and form flocks, sometimes associating with other bird species. They mostly forage on the ground for seeds and other food items, as well as clambering on plants and trees, feeding on buds and small
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Juvenile chipping sparrows are prominently streaked below. Like non-breeding adults, they show a dark eye-line, extending both in front of and behind the eye. The brownish cap and dusky eyebrow are variable but generally obscure in juveniles.
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It molts twice a year. In its breeding plumage it has orangish-rust upper parts, gray head and underparts and a distinctive reddish cap. In non-breeding plumage, the cap is brown and the facial markings are less distinct. The
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620:. Although these two races are both western, and are often lumped together as the western chipping sparrow, they do not necessarily form a single entity that stands apart from the eastern chipping sparrow (
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Chipping sparrows vary across their extensive North
American range. There is minor geographic variation in appearance, and there is significant geographic variation in behavior.
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The nest itself is constructed by the female in about four days. It consists of a loose platform of grass and rootlets and open inner cup of plant fiber and animal hair.
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sounds like a buzz or like someone snoring, whereas the slow trill sounds like rapid finger-tapping. Individual elements in the trill are very similar to a high pitch
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Chipping sparrows migrate by night, and their flight calls are a characteristic sound of the night sky in spring and fall in the United States. In the southern
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forests, but in the east, they choose woodland, farmland, parks and gardens. Breeding starts in late April and May and the nest is often built in a tree.
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of the chipping sparrow is heard year-round. Its flight call is piercing and pure-tone, lasting about 50 milliseconds. It starts out around 9
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The chipping sparrow feeds on seeds year-round, although insects form most of the diet in the breeding season. Spiders are sometimes taken.
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Lima, Steven L.; Valone, Thomas J. (1991). "Predators and avian community organization: an experiment in a semi-desert grassland".
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Rising, J. (2018). del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A.; de Juana, Eduardo (eds.).
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Reynolds, John D.; Knapton, Richard W. (1984). "Nest-site selection and breeding biology of the chipping sparrow".
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Throughout the year, chipping sparrows forage on the ground in covered areas, often near the edges of fields.
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The male chipping sparrows start arriving at the breeding grounds from March (in more southern areas, such as
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Throughout the year, adults are gray below and an orangish-rust color above. Adults in alternate (breeding)
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The Book of Eggs: A Life-Size Guide to the Eggs of Six
Hundred of the World's Bird Species
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habitats of the western interior. A Pacific slope population constitutes subspecies
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of chipping sparrows occur in western North
America. The widespread
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often divide the chipping sparrow into two major groups: the
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874:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 581.
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670:seeds are important during spring, and seeds from
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287:that can be heard while it is migrating at night.
925:Allaire, Pierre N.; Fisher, Charles D. (1975).
1042:– USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
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415:Learn how and when to remove this message
833:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
1566:Taxa named by Johann Matthäus Bechstein
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311:An adult and nestlings in a tree nest
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393:adding citations to reliable sources
1536:IUCN Red List least concern species
1303:chipping-sparrow-spizella-passerina
1048:– Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
835:. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions.
731:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
636:A chipping sparrow at a bird feeder
319:have a reddish cap, a nearly white
503:Four songs of the chipping sparrow
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868:Hauber, Mark E. (1 August 2014).
612:is associated with mountains and
340:: 4.7–5.9 in (12–15 cm)
1046:Chipping sparrow species account
540:Problems playing this file? See
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346:: 0.4–0.6 oz (11–17 g)
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720:BirdLife International (2018).
1066:Chipping sparrow photo gallery
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1068:at VIREO (Drexel University)
651:The chipping sparrow lays a
610:Spizella passerina arizonae
457:the claims made and adding
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38:Adult in breeding plumage
1072:Interactive range map of
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352:: 8.3 inches (21 cm)
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599:western chipping sparrow
595:eastern chipping sparrow
1561:Birds described in 1798
1551:Birds of North America
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1454:Paleobiology Database
841:10.2173/bow.chispa.01
771:www.allaboutbirds.org
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673:Fallopia convolvulus
667:Taraxacum officinale
526:red-winged blackbird
389:improve this section
1484:Fringilla passerina
1037:Chipping sparrow –
988:1991Oecol..86..105L
900:The Wilson Bulletin
824:"Chipping Sparrow (
532:sing in background.
57:Conservation status
1472:Spizella-passerina
1153:Spizella_passerina
1128:Spizella passerina
1098:Spizella passerina
1079:IUCN Red List maps
1074:Spizella passerina
1039:Spizella passerina
996:10.1007/BF00317396
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791:"Chipping Sparrow"
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1122:Wikispecies
795:iNaturalist
751:12 November
656:abandoned.
563:flight call
556:chi chi chi
321:supercilium
303:Description
285:flight call
1530:Categories
1499:Q109556954
1467:Xeno-canto
776:2020-09-29
707:References
606:subspecies
542:media help
451:improve it
297:coniferous
293:arthropods
1004:0029-8549
976:Oecologia
953:0004-8038
912:0043-5643
846:2 October
679:Melilotus
455:verifying
376:does not
258:passerine
204:Bechstein
172:Species:
110:Kingdom:
104:Eukaryota
1541:Spizella
1493:Wikidata
1368:2.102758
1355:22721162
1329:11193520
1241:45511209
1179:22721162
1174:BirdLife
1107:Wikidata
1020:40449461
1012:28313165
628:Breeding
597:and the
585:Taxonomy
467:May 2020
350:Wingspan
222:Synonyms
165:Spizella
150:Family:
124:Chordata
120:Phylum:
114:Animalia
100:Domain:
77:IUCN 3.1
1513:9687303
1420:1484584
1280:2492109
1161:Avibase
1113:Q645203
984:Bibcode
961:4084555
931:The Auk
660:Feeding
575:Rockies
449:Please
397:removed
382:sources
317:plumage
271:range.
250:species
248:) is a
206:, 1798)
160:Genus:
140:Order:
130:Class:
75: (
1459:368587
1446:989504
1394:chispa
1342:179435
1287:GNAB:
1262:EURING
1254:SPIZPA
1228:chispa
1202:chispa
1141:chispa
1018:
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951:
910:
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682:spp.,
653:clutch
558:call.
344:Weight
338:Length
262:family
1407:78435
1381:40210
1324:IRMNG
1267:18180
1223:eBird
1215:6ZCJF
1199:BOW:
1016:S2CID
957:JSTOR
697:Avena
642:Texas
571:seen?
1508:GBIF
1428:ODNR
1415:OBIS
1376:NCBI
1350:IUCN
1337:ITIS
1316:9135
1275:GBIF
1249:EPPO
1192:9836
1187:BOLD
1008:PMID
1000:ISSN
949:ISSN
908:ISSN
876:ISBN
848:2018
753:2021
736:2018
614:arid
561:The
551:song
549:The
528:and
380:any
378:cite
281:song
256:, a
238:The
134:Aves
1298:IBC
1236:EoL
1210:CoL
1148:ADW
1137:ABA
1077:at
992:doi
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740:doi
624:).
567:kHz
453:by
391:by
252:of
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