280:. Chiron formed a partnership with the Swiss pharmaceutical giant, Ciba-Geigy Ltd., through the Biocine Company, to use genetic engineering to develop vaccines and to treat, prevent and diagnose diseases such as AIDS, herpes and malaria. Other partnerships included Thicon Inc. to develop a growth factor hormone for the treatment of wounds and Merck & Co to develop an improvement to their existing hepatitis B vaccine. In 1986, Professor Penhoet said: "Our business strategy is to dominate small markets rather than take a small presence in a broad market." The niche that Chiron was focusing on was ophthalmology, which Mr. Penhoet said was "big enough to be interesting, but small enough to service with 40 salespeople." Professor Penhoet also stated that Chiron was set up to provide the enabling technology for others to use under license, and later saying that Chiron was "as close to a virtual corporation as you can be", with few fixed assets but more relationships.
330:, to take over as president and CEO. This led to additional buying that included the acquisition of Du Pont in partnership with Ortho Diagnostic Systems; Munich based Adatomed GmbH; and a merger with fellow biotech company Cetus Corporation after Cetus failed to get approval for its drug Interleukin-2. Hollings Renton of Cetus became president and CEO when Gregory Lawless agreed to leave. Mr Renton resigned in 1992 and was replaced by Sean Lance, from Glaxo Wellcome in 1998, and finally by Howard Pien from
532:
to buy Chiron. Initially this offer was rebuffed, but after the bid was substantially enhanced, Chiron was sold, and became part of
Novartis in April, 2006. A year later, parts of ex-Chiron were sold in part and leased in part to Bayer. In 2011 Bayer announced it was withdrawing from a manufacturing plant it had leased from Novartis. and Novartis finally divested most of the former Chiron assets in 2013 as part of a global reorganization.
407:(NAT) blood-testing business was launched in cooperation with Gen-Probe, followed a year later by the launch of the Procleix system, which detects viral RNA and DNA in donated blood and plasma during the very early stages of infection, when those infectious agents are present but cannot be detected by immunodiagnostic tests. Chiron expanded its cancer drug portfolio in 2002 with the acquisition of Matrix Pharmaceuticals Inc and its product
148:
495:
lawsuit for nearly $ 280m being brought against Chiron and its executives for allegedly, in 2003, overstating its ability to manufacture and ship the vaccine
Fluvirin, thus allowing Novartis to buy Chiron shares below market value when the plant temporarily closed down. The amount settled in 2008 was
531:
Corporation was the result of a merger between Sandoz
Laboratories and Ciba-Geigy in 1996 and owned slightly less than half of Chiron as part of a Federal Trade Commission order. Several of Sandoz’s subsidiaries were sold off for reasons of anti monopoly legislation. In 2005, Novartis made an offer
463:
HCV in 1989 after six years of research and had since filed over 100 HCV related patents in over 20 countries. A settlement was reached where Roche
Holding A.G. agreed to buy the global semi-exclusive nucleic acid test (NAT) patents for HCV and HIV from Chiron. Bayer, the company which bought Chiron
402:
patients. Having launched its first vaccine product, Fluad, an adjuvant influenza vaccine, in 1996, the vaccine line was expanded significantly in 1998 with the acquisition of the
European vaccine businesses of Behring (Germany) and Sclavo (Italy). This was followed in 2003 by the acquisition of
793:
This review describes work conducted largely in my laboratory at the Chiron
Corporation between 1982 and 1989 that led to the identification of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Key colleagues included Dr. Qui-Lim Choo in my laboratory and Dr. George Kuo also of Chiron as well as my collaborator Dr.
491:(Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency), the British equivalent of the FDA stepped in and suspended Chiron's license. The company undertook a remediation program and succeeded in restoring the manufacturing license from MHRA in 2005. However, the incident resulted in a
244:. Chiron's vaccines and blood testing units were combined to form Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, while Chiron BioPharmaceuticals was integrated into Novartis Pharmaceuticals. In 2014, Novartis completed the sale of its blood transfusion diagnostics unit to
334:
in 2003. After the acquisition of Cetus, Chiron split its operations among five entities: Cetus
Oncology, for cancer drugs; the Biocine Company, for vaccines; Chiron Diagnostics, for blood screening and other diagnostic tests (later sold to
479:, at its plant in Liverpool, England due to contamination concerns. This action left the United States government short of the vaccine. In August, it was announced that 4 million doses of the vaccine were potentially contaminated with
287:
research labs had been undertaken for the treatment of hepatitis. In 1987, Rutter and his research team at
Emeryville produced the first commercial genetically engineered vaccine against hepatitis B. Two years later, in 1989, Dr.
468:
alleged breach of warranty, fraud, negligent misrepresentation, violation of the duty of good faith and fair dealing and breach of contract claims in connection with the acquisition.
568:
488:
1807:
1245:
403:
PowderJect, the UK-based vaccines company, making Chiron the second-largest flu vaccines provider and the fifth-largest vaccines business in the world. In 1998, Chiron's
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629:
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Diagnostics, sued Chiron
Corporation in 2002 citing that it hid patent and equipment problems from them during purchase negotiations. The case filed in
1827:
304:
at the CDC, finally identified the genome of the viral agent responsible for 80 to 90% of non-A and non-B post-transfusion hepatitis—the agent called
913:
487:) may have been aware of the problem nine months earlier, but a miscommunication between the company and the FDA left the problem unsolved until the
1654:
232:
on April 20, 2006. It had offices and facilities in eighteen countries on five continents. Chiron's business and research was in three main areas:
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e-mailed a statement to reporters taking credit for the bombing and claimed that their action was due to Chiron's past contracts with
273:
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1138:"FDA Clears REGRANEX – becaplermin – Gel 0.01% for Diabetic Foot Ulcers; Chiron to Supply Active Ingredient to Ortho-McNeil"
1766:
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326:, to develop the next generation of biotech drugs. The following year Chiron recruited Gregory Lawless, who had come from
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310:. For this ground breaking discovery, Michael Houghton was one of the winners of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Medicine.
715:
504:
On August 27, 2003 two bombs exploded at Chiron's headquarters in
Emeryville, California. A group calling itself
471:
In 2004, Chiron attracted adverse media coverage after the UK government suspended its license for manufacturing
218:
1585:
339:
for $ 1.1 billion); Chiron Intraoptics, for eye surgery, and Chiron Technologies, for research and development.
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264:, president and chief executive, Professor Edward Penhoet, and vice president for research,
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28:
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101:
1586:
Novartis Sells Unit for $ 1.68 Billion: Swiss Drug Maker Steps Up Focus on Core Business
849:
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873:
833:
444:
359:
221:
50:
1137:
512:, a contract research firm that conducts experiments on animals. The FBI has named
492:
408:
293:
1246:"Chiron vaccines starts work on new state-of-the art vaccines manufacturing plant"
763:"The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus"
456:
412:
375:
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857:
779:
96:
In 2014, its assets related to blood testing and vaccines subsequently sold to
1716:
1512:
807:"2020 Medicine Nobel Winner Declined 2013 Prize That Overlooked His Teammates"
448:
395:
391:
352:
297:
241:
136:
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630:"GSK Pharma completes acquisition of Novartis Healthcare's vaccines business"
1174:"FDA Approves Inhaled Antibiotic for Management of Cystic Fibrosis Patients"
432:
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From 1982–1988, intense successive molecular biology studies at the Chiron
1248:. Northwest Regional Development Agency. February 27, 2004. Archived from
318:
In 1988, Chiron formed a joint venture company, called Mimesys Inc., with
1604:
550:
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chain reaction product, which was settled in 1993. In 1998, Chiron filed
379:
355:
336:
229:
90:
398:, the first inhaled antibiotic approved for treating lung infections in
1061:"Bayer Buying Chiron Unit and Stake in Seed Venture; Agfa Offering Set"
460:
420:
245:
237:
131:
97:
1273:"Chiron Files Infringement Suit in Japan Against Roche On HCV Patent"
327:
443:
When in 1991 Cetus was acquired it was subject to a lawsuit by the
1680:
366:, a beta interferon, the first treatment for relapsing-remitting
1544:"Novartis acquisition of Chiron approved by Chiron shareholders"
1473:
Animal rights activist added to FBI's most wanted terrorist list
1608:
1341:"Factory's loss of licence halves supply of flu vaccine to US"
834:"The unsung heroes of the Nobel-winning hepatitis C discovery"
248:
and announced agreements for the sale of its vaccines unit to
1572:
Ron Leuty for the San Francisco Business Times. May 26, 2011
192:
1562:
Novartis sells Betaseron manufacturing facilities to Bayer
1513:"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BEFORE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION"
483:. It later emerged that the Food and Drug Administration (
198:
1584:
Andrew Morse for the Wall Street Journal. Nov. 11, 2013
1204:. UK Office of Fair Trading. July 7, 2003. Archived from
1114:
1112:
455:
suits in Europe, Japan and the US against Roche over its
169:
737:. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 5.
1560:
Alison Fischer for First Word Pharma. March 26th, 2007
1202:"Chiron Corporation / PowderJect Pharmaceuticals plc"
374:
Inc. In 1997 Chiron provided the active ingredient,
351:, was approved in United States for the treatment of
276:, where he continued to lecture, and the others from
210:
201:
189:
390:
Inc. In 2001, Chiron acquired PathoGenesis for its
195:
1759:
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1080:"F.D.A. Panel Recommends Approval of a Chiron Drug"
914:"Specialist in Diagnostics Now President of Chiron"
569:
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
186:
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64:
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38:
1156:"Chiron to Acquire PathoGenesis for $ 700 Million"
1574:Bayer closing Emeryville plant, shedding 540 jobs
1398:"U.S. Knew Last Year of Flu Vaccine Plant's Woes"
1042:"Chiron Hires GlaxoSmithKline Executive as Chief"
694:"Loss at Chiron Is Attributed to Ciba Alliance"
358:; previously it was only approved for use with
612:"Biotechnology Spotlight Now Shines On Chiron"
1620:
1491:"Chiron to Make Room for One More at the Top"
8:
1228:"Chiron To Buy Matrix, Maker of Cancer Drug"
21:
1528:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1099:"F.D.A. Approves a Multiple Sclerosis Drug"
1627:
1613:
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754:
516:as the lead suspect and placed him on its
20:
1808:Companies based in Emeryville, California
1372:
1305:"Bayer Corporation v. Chiron Corporation"
778:
1752:East Bay Campus (closing in spring 2018)
1655:Emeryville Crescent State Marine Reserve
1449:"2 bombs shatter biotech firm's windows"
1078:Lawrence M. Fisher (December 20, 1997).
459:(HCV) products. Chiron was the first to
260:Chiron was founded in 1981 by chairman,
1686:California State Automobile Association
1506:
1504:
1489:Lawrence M. Fisher (January 30, 1997).
1149:
1147:
610:Lawrence M. Fisher (October 13, 1986).
589:
16:American biotechnology firm (1981-2006)
1521:
761:Houghton, Michael (November 1, 2009).
709:
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347:In 1992, the company's first product,
1334:
1332:
1287:"Bayer Sues Over Medical Acquisition"
1059:John Tagliabue (September 18, 1998).
986:Lawrence M. Fisher (April 17, 1992).
7:
1823:2006 disestablishments in California
1750:German Int. School of Silicon Valley
932:"Chiron-Ortho Pact For Du Pont Unit"
912:Lawrence M. Fisher (March 3, 1989).
714:Lawrence M. Fisher (April 4, 1993).
362:. This was followed a year later by
988:"Price of Failure In Biotechnology"
832:Ledford, Heidi (October 19, 2020).
415:(measles mumps and rubella) at its
1310:. November 8, 2002. Archived from
1154:Andrew Pollack (August 15, 2000).
1097:Milt Freudenheim (July 24, 1993).
435:targeting 5 diseases in children.
419:plant. Chiron in conjunction with
14:
1818:1981 establishments in California
1421:. October 5, 2008. Archived from
1396:David Brown (November 18, 2004).
1024:"Chief Executive Named at Chiron"
1828:Companies disestablished in 2006
1546:. April 19, 2006. Archived from
1511:Docket C-3725 (March 24, 1997).
1271:BW HealthWire (April 16, 1998).
967:Andrew Pollack (July 23, 1991).
411:. Chiron also manufactured the
182:
147:
146:
27:
1339:Dyer, Owen (October 16, 2004).
716:"A New Model for Biotechnology"
447:Company over the rights to the
343:Products and other acquisitions
224:firm founded in 1981, based in
1447:Stacy Finz (August 29, 2003).
1188:"Chiron Corporation – history"
268:. All were academics from the
1:
1833:2006 mergers and acquisitions
1813:Companies established in 1981
1767:Emeryville mudflat sculptures
969:"2 Biotech Pioneers To Merge"
735:Introduction to Biotechnology
386:foot ulcers, manufactured by
1777:Shell Development Emeryville
794:Daniel Bradley at the CDC...
676:"Chiron to Get $ 20 Million"
579:Food and Drug Administration
300:, in collaboration with Dr.
1518:. Federal Trade Commission.
574:British Medical Association
388:Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical
1854:
1451:. San Francisco Chronicle.
1357:10.1136/bmj.329.7471.876-b
1006:"Chiron's President Quits"
858:10.1038/d41586-020-02932-y
780:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.08.004
518:FBI Most Wanted Terrorists
382:, a topical treatment for
1722:Emeryville Amtrak station
1176:. FDA. December 22, 1997.
658:"Chiron-Cetus Management"
634:Pharmaceutical Technology
26:
1120:"Chiron Company Profile"
514:Daniel Andreas San Diego
510:Huntingdon Life Sciences
270:University of California
1676:Peet's Coffee & Tea
1462:FBI Most Wanted Listing
228:, that was acquired by
1636:Emeryville, California
895:"Chiron Research Unit"
324:Warner-Lambert Company
226:Emeryville, California
151:$ 1.921 billion (2005)
116:Emeryville, California
70:; 18 years ago
1772:Emeryville Shellmound
1671:Bay Street Emeryville
767:Journal of Hepatology
733:Pathak, Ravi (2007).
425:Johnson & Johnson
320:Johnson & Johnson
1550:on October 20, 2013.
1140:. December 17, 1997.
950:"Chiron Acquisition"
682:. November 15, 1998.
664:. November 26, 1991.
405:nucleic acid testing
33:Logo used until 2006
1416:"Chiron Litigation"
1402:The Washington Post
1293:. February 2, 2002.
1275:. The Free Library.
1208:on December 4, 2008
1012:. December 8, 1992.
850:2020Natur.586..485L
506:Revolutionary Cells
481:Serratia marcescens
453:patent infringement
429:pentavalent vaccine
372:Berlex Laboratories
266:Pablo DT Valenzuela
157:Number of employees
68:April 20, 2006
23:
1787:Chiron Corporation
1650:Pacific Park Plaza
1600:Chiron Corporation
1495:The New York Times
1479:, April 24th 2009.
1291:The New York Times
1252:on October 1, 2011
1234:. January 8, 2002.
1232:The New York Times
1160:The New York Times
1124:The New York Times
1103:The New York Times
1084:The New York Times
1065:The New York Times
1046:The New York Times
1028:The New York Times
1010:The New York Times
992:The New York Times
973:The New York Times
954:The New York Times
938:. January 3, 1990.
936:The New York Times
918:The New York Times
901:. October 4, 1988.
899:The New York Times
720:The New York Times
698:The New York Times
680:The New York Times
662:The New York Times
616:The New York Times
368:multiple sclerosis
234:biopharmaceuticals
217:) was an American
178:Chiron Corporation
127:Biopharmaceuticals
22:Chiron Corporation
1838:Vaccine producers
1795:
1794:
1782:Cetus Corporation
1126:. August 5, 1993.
1048:. March 21, 2003.
1030:. March 24, 1998.
956:. April 12, 1991.
813:. October 5, 2020
744:978-81-269-0598-0
524:The end of Chiron
477:influenza vaccine
307:hepatitis C virus
302:Daniel W. Bradley
262:William J. Rutter
175:
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1428:on July 8, 2011
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1351:(7471): 876.3.
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400:cystic fibrosis
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332:GlaxoSmithKline
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250:GlaxoSmithKline
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102:GlaxoSmithKline
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700:. May 9, 1995.
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298:George Kuo
296:, and Dr.
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