662:
2269:
525:
697:, and Choe Hyon himself, agreed among themselves to promote Kim Il Sung as the leader of the future country just before they returned to Korea in September 1945. This was at odds with the fact that both Kim Chaek and Choe Hyon were higher-ranking members in the CCP. It was decided, however, that Kim Il Sung had the best reputation and abilities. Choe consequentially missed out on the supreme leadership of the country, but became part of its core elite nonetheless.
2953:
756:, Choe was one of "the seven most powerful men in North Korea". With his post as the Minister of People's Armed Forces, Choe was "probably the most powerful individual in the military area other than Kim Il-sŏng himself". By this time, Choe was Kim's best personal friend and renowned for his guerrilla past. Choe lived in high-end neighborhood of
812:
critically assess it as follows: "Though very revealing, some sections, particularly on his first encounters with Kim Il-sŏng, are so propagandistic as to be largely unreliable". Choe's first encounter with Kim are also recounted in Choe's memoir "The
Unforgettable First Meeting" in
775:
replaced him "for health reasons". Choe was made minister not for his education – he was "nearly illiterate" – but for his loyalty. Although some members of the
Guerrilla faction were purged in the 1960s, Choe maintained his position power. He became a member in the
752:, to which he was then appointed in October 1966 as a full member, skipping the usual stage of being an alternate member first. In the late 1960s–early 1970s, Choe was one of the most powerful individuals in North Korean politics and military. As a member of the
3031:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
2205:
631:
that "Choe Hyon may well have been the key leader in the anti-Japanese colonial struggle in
Manchuria and along the Korean border". According to Halpin, this discredits the revolutionary legitimacy of the
107:
1950:. Washington: Directorate of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency. 26 November 1968. Reference title: ESAU XLI. Document number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 5077054e993247d4d82b6a8b. Archived from
553:
3091:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
2435:
2198:
741:
788:
in 1980. During this time in particular, Choe had considerable power in the army. He remained at the top of the military until the end of his career. Choe had a talent for
2191:
2001:
1710:
932:
911:
890:
2657:
1280:
3086:
3006:
2926:
848:
Choe died on 9 April 1982. The 30th anniversary of his death in 2012 was marked prominently in North Korea. A memorial service was held, wreaths were laid at the
785:
602:
as its victory is attributed to him. Some evidence, however, point to the conclusion that it was Choe Hyon, not Kim Il Sung, who commanded the troops that raided
815:
2170:
661:
2268:
1945:
3001:
1253:
3026:
643:
Choe Hyon was a close associate of Kim Il Sung during their guerrilla years. Choe was older than Kim Il Sung. As such, Choe did not have to use
753:
2072:
2049:
2028:
1981:
1935:
1877:
1485:
1417:
1316:
1231:
1201:
53:
2685:
2134:
2112:
1807:
1151:
1036:
836:
764:
528:
Original photo of Choe Hyon (center) with Kim Il-sung (left). North Korea later edited it placing Kim in the center to emphasize his role.
509:
2650:
576:
1641:
861:
3016:
849:
2277:
2223:
406:
135:
744:(WPK) in 1956. Choe rose in the ranks of the party in the late 1960s at a "spectacular" rate. He had been chairman of the party's
980:
595:
3011:
745:
2996:
2956:
2643:
1090:
694:
568:
2991:
2986:
350:
2635:
2939:
2152:
68:
1125:
3021:
2911:
853:
721:
709:
524:
489:
269:
717:
633:
618:
401:
356:
2285:
2231:
984:
2893:
2677:
2215:
1951:
781:
701:
678:
580:
556:
in the early 1900s. His mother reportedly died in 1920 after the
Japanese invaded Manchuria to suppress the
513:
505:
493:
478:
466:
316:
281:
1992:
1836:
789:
725:
572:
501:
450:
749:
627:
474:
27:
685:, a group of about 200 ex-guerillas. There is evidence that the top guerrillas, including Kim Il Sung,
567:
for seven years. Upon his release, Choe joined the anti-Japanese guerrilla movement in July 1932 after
705:
485:
2981:
2976:
2531:
1041:
868:
777:
757:
805:
690:
674:
622:
584:
545:
470:
160:
2183:
640:, instead. North Korea has subsequently edited photographs from this era to emphasize Kim's role.
453:
from a young age. He became one of the most important military leaders of the armed resistance in
1912:
1734:, see esp. Chapter 11. "The Watershed of the Revolution", Part 5. "Choe Hyon, a Veteran General".
1646:
1333:
841:
591:
557:
458:
361:
220:
88:
611:
1811:
1155:
929:
Twenty-year-long Anti-Japanese
Revolution Under the Red Sunrays: September 1931 – February 1936
512:, which he held from 1968 until 1976. During this time, several ex-guerrillas were purged (see
2068:
2060:
2045:
2039:
2024:
2018:
2005:
1977:
1971:
1931:
1904:
1873:
1714:
1481:
1456:
1413:
1407:
1312:
1227:
1221:
1197:
957:
936:
915:
894:
831:
682:
644:
440:
373:
1925:
1867:
1475:
1306:
2823:
1896:
1446:
821:
649:
446:
396:
2798:
2758:
2669:
516:), but Choe maintained his position thanks to his personal relationship with Kim Il Sung.
426:
771:, after serving as the vice minister first. Choe served as the minister until 1976, when
1514:
1512:
908:
Twenty-year-long Anti-Japanese
Revolution Under the Red Sunrays: June 1926 – August 1931
2748:
2666:
2539:
2475:
2459:
2373:
2301:
2293:
2105:
1587:
1063:
1061:
1059:
872:
857:
637:
617:
The army led by Choe was one of the main targets of the
Japanese during a phase of the
469:. The two were, however, close friends during and after the guerrilla years. After the
295:
172:
1435:"Language and Family Dispersion: North Korean Linguist Kim Sugyŏng and the Korean War"
835:, in 1947 about the Battle of Pochonbo. The resulting poem was a foundational work of
2970:
2934:
2906:
2883:
2873:
2833:
2828:
2803:
2753:
2723:
2693:
2579:
2515:
2405:
2397:
2365:
2341:
1916:
809:
259:
156:
1083:
2868:
2858:
2848:
2843:
2818:
2808:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2773:
2768:
2743:
2733:
2718:
2703:
2698:
2587:
2547:
2523:
2421:
2389:
2357:
2349:
1193:
1186:
549:
378:
52:
712:. The regiment was of particular strategic importance because of its location in
2901:
2863:
2853:
2813:
2763:
2713:
2708:
2611:
2595:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2467:
2413:
2333:
2255:
2247:
2239:
976:
839:. Choe's life is also chronicled in the 55th installment of the multi-part film
826:
666:
599:
462:
384:
249:
128:
99:
22:
2916:
2838:
2778:
2738:
2728:
2603:
2507:
2499:
2483:
2325:
1781:
768:
737:
669:
for leadership of Korea. At one time, Choe seemed like the likelier candidate.
497:
390:
2020:
Under the Loving Care of the
Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty
2009:
1908:
1718:
1460:
961:
940:
919:
898:
2878:
2065:
Film Out of Bounds: Essays and
Interviews on Non-Mainstream Cinema Worldwide
686:
454:
237:
1887:
Gabroussenko, Tatiana (2005). "Cho Ki-ch'ŏn: The Person Behind the Myths".
1254:"In 1969, North Korea Almost Unleashed World War III (And Now We Know Why)"
1451:
1434:
2673:
2443:
1900:
1592:
603:
647:
when speaking to him, although according to Kim Il Sung's autobiography
2491:
2317:
2122:
772:
713:
533:
443:
pronunciation of his name), was a North Korean general and politician.
212:
184:
84:
3032:
Members of the 5th
Political Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
2451:
2088:
856:
published an article praising him. This came at a time when his son
3057:
Members of the 6th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
3052:
Members of the 5th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
3047:
Members of the 4th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
3042:
Members of the 3rd Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
560:. As such, Choe Hyon had an advantageous revolutionary background.
2061:"A Permanent State of War: A Short History of North Korean Cinema"
660:
607:
564:
541:
537:
523:
216:
860:
rose up in the ranks of the WPK and was heavily featured at the
2639:
2187:
477:, even though Choe was his senior and had a higher rank in the
1534:
1532:
1530:
1412:. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 145.
1003:
1001:
720:
that trained special forces. Additionally, Choe commanded the
484:
In North Korea, Choe assumed command of the highly strategic
1869:
Politics and Leadership in North Korea: The Guerilla Dynasty
1477:
Crisis in North Korea: The Failure of De-Stalinization, 1956
3037:
Members of the 6th Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea
1947:
Intelligence Report: Kim Il-Sung's New Military Adventurism
1281:"Rival to Kim's regime among 200 on verge of being purged"
563:
The Japanese arrested Choe in 1925 and put him in jail in
108:
Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea
2044:. Vol. 2. Berkeley: University of California Press.
1226:(Updated ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. p. 195.
1927:
Arming the Two Koreas: State, Capital and Military Power
1564:
1562:
1167:
1165:
1642:"North Korea, Citing Health. Replaces Defense Minister"
1549:
1547:
704:(KPA) was organized. Choe become the commander of the
473:, the guerrillas chose Kim among themselves to be the
1705:
Choe Hyon (1970). "The Unforgettable First Meeting".
1439:
Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review
885:
Choe Hyon (1970). "The Unforgettable First Meeting".
1480:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 68.
742:
3rd Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
2925:
2892:
2684:
2433:
2276:
2222:
1613:
1518:
1500:
1067:
340:
330:
322:
312:
307:
288:
275:
265:
255:
245:
226:
199:
194:
178:
166:
152:
134:
124:
105:
95:
66:
36:
1185:
1872:(Second ed.). London: Taylor & Francis.
606:. Choe reportedly also led troops into battle in
1192:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp.
1152:"Choe Hyon, Anti-Japanese Revolutionary Fighter"
571:. Thereafter, Choe fought as a guerrilla in the
16:North Korean general and politician (1907–1982)
3092:Burials at the Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery
1215:
1213:
956:] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Chōsen Seinensha.
875:(born 1950). He also had a daughter, Gop-dan.
2651:
2199:
784:in 1970 and retained this position after the
504:. After the war, Choe was given posts in the
449:to ethnic Korean parents, Choe fought in the
8:
3082:Members of the 6th Supreme People's Assembly
3077:Members of the 5th Supreme People's Assembly
3072:Members of the 4th Supreme People's Assembly
3067:Members of the 3rd Supreme People's Assembly
3062:Members of the 2nd Supreme People's Assembly
2038:Scalapino, Robert A.; Chong-Sik Lee (1972).
1831:
1829:
1755:
1743:
1707:Reminiscences of the Anti-Japanese Guerillas
1581:
1579:
1577:
1538:
1393:
1381:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1007:
887:Reminiscences of the Anti-Japanese Guerillas
816:Reminiscences of the Anti-Japanese Guerillas
435:, 6 May 1907 – 9 April 1982), also known as
430:
148:25 December 1972 – 15 December 1977
2927:Korean People's Army Air and Anti-Air Force
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
724:of the KPA and, during the Korean War, the
587:after the United Army retreated to Soviet.
579:of the Chinese, and became a member of the
2658:
2644:
2636:
2206:
2192:
2184:
2094:
1782:"[인민무력부장傳(5)] 최현, 숨겨진 김정일 킹메이커(하)"
1223:Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History
1126:"Welcome to North Korea's Game of Thrones"
575:. He rose to a leadership position in the
51:
33:
1767:
1450:
1030:
1028:
2171:Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea
1409:The Korean War: An International History
1311:. New York: Modern Library. p. 54.
825:. A meeting with Choe inspired the poet
81:28 December 1972 – 9 April 1982
1808:"Wreaths Laid before Bust of Choe Hyon"
1369:
1171:
997:
906:Kim Il; Choe Hyon; et al. (1981).
2135:Vice Minister of People's Armed Forces
1586:Foster-Carter, Aidan (22 April 2012).
1568:
927:—; —; et al. (1982).
819:, and in Kim Il Sung's autobiography,
754:Central Military Commission of the WPK
3087:People of 88th Separate Rifle Brigade
3007:North Korean people of the Korean War
1810:. KCNA. 10 April 2012. Archived from
1154:. KCNA. 10 April 2012. Archived from
1037:"Jong-un's Japan deal could be tough"
954:Over the Mountain-Waves of Mt. Paektu
802:Over the Mountain-Waves of Mt. Paektu
748:since 1965, but lacked a seat in the
7:
1692:
1680:
1668:
1628:
1553:
1188:Kim Il Sung: The North Korean Leader
657:Career after the liberation of Korea
532:Choe Hyon was born on 6 May 1907 in
1731:
1357:
1124:Halpin, Dennis P. (23 April 2014).
1019:
594:in 1937 is highly important in the
577:Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army
2002:Foreign Languages Publishing House
1837:"Choe Ryong Hae (Ch'oe Ryong-hae)"
1711:Foreign Languages Publishing House
1252:Rawnsley, Adam (8 February 2018).
933:Foreign Languages Publishing House
912:Foreign Languages Publishing House
891:Foreign Languages Publishing House
864:and an annual meeting of the SPA.
14:
2686:Korean People's Army Ground Force
2113:Minister of People's Armed Forces
1334:"What's Going On In North Korea?"
1332:Kosuke Takahashi (19 July 2012).
837:Kim Il-sung's cult of personality
800:Choe published an autobiography,
765:Minister of People's Armed Forces
636:and lends it to Choe Hyon's son,
510:Minister of People's Armed Forces
407:First and Second Battles of Wonju
136:Minister of People's Armed Forces
3002:Defence ministers of North Korea
2952:
2951:
2267:
2089:Photos dedicated to Kim Jeong-Un
2023:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
653:, this was at Kim's insistence.
596:North Korean cult of personality
3027:World War II resistance members
2041:Communism in Korea: The society
1994:Reminiscences: With the Century
1976:. Singapore: World Scientific.
850:Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery
583:(CCP). Choe also fought in the
461:. This was later attributed to
2957:Category:North Korean generals
1279:Ryall, Julian (2 April 2014).
1091:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
1035:Lee Young-jong (3 June 2014).
760:, near Kim Il Sung's mansion.
740:, Choe became a member of the
431:
1:
2628:indicate interim officeholder
2063:. In Edwards, Matthew (ed.).
548:. Hwa-shim had served in the
2153:Military Affairs Commission
2059:Schönherr, Johannes (2014).
1841:North Korea Leadership Watch
677:, Choe was brought into the
569:Japanese conquered Manchuria
351:Korean independence movement
2017:Martin, Bradley K. (2007).
1780:기자, 고수석 (8 December 2016).
746:Military Affairs Commission
718:Military Liberation College
69:National Defense Commission
3108:
2000:. Vol. 4. Pyongyang:
1973:Korea: A Century Of Change
931:. Vol. 2. Pyongyang:
910:. Vol. 1. Pyongyang:
854:Korean Central News Agency
700:After the liberation, the
508:, including the office of
20:
3017:Korean resistance members
2948:
2623:
2265:
2177:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2149:
2146:
2141:
2132:
2129:
2119:
2110:
2102:
2097:
1970:Juergen, Kleiner (2001).
1308:The Korean War: A History
862:4th Conference of the WPK
767:in late 1968, succeeding
619:Pacification of Manchukuo
416:
402:Battle of Pusan Perimeter
357:Pacification of Manchukuo
190:
141:
113:
74:
62:
50:
43:
2067:. Jefferson: McFarland.
1924:Hamm Taik-Young (2012).
1539:Scalapino & Lee 1972
1394:Scalapino & Lee 1972
1382:Scalapino & Lee 1972
1084:
1008:Scalapino & Lee 1972
949:
829:to write his epic poem,
554:Korean Independence Army
1930:. New York: Routledge.
1474:Lankov, Andrei (2007).
1305:Cumings, Bruce (2010).
1220:Cumings, Bruce (2005).
867:Choe held the title of
782:5th Congress of the WPK
679:politics of North Korea
581:Chinese Communist Party
514:Kapsan Faction Incident
506:politics of North Korea
500:, he commanded the KPA
492:in the newly organized
479:Chinese Communist Party
467:North Korean propaganda
457:. He led troops in the
282:Chinese Communist Party
270:Workers' Party of Korea
3012:Korean revolutionaries
2175:31 December 1970–1982
1433:Ryuta Itagaki (2017).
790:unconventional warfare
670:
573:anti-Japanese struggle
529:
451:anti-Japanese struggle
2997:North Korean generals
1866:Buzo, Adrian (2017).
1452:10.1353/ach.2017.0006
1258:The National Interest
1184:Dae-Sook Suh (1995).
1130:The National Interest
1088:[Choe Hyon].
665:The Soviets grooming
664:
628:The National Interest
527:
475:leader of North Korea
336:1st Infantry Division
323:Years of service
83:Serving with
67:Vice Chairman of the
25:, the family name is
2894:Korean People's Navy
2678:Korean People's Army
2216:Korean People's Army
1991:Kim Il-sung (1993).
1957:on 11 September 2017
1901:10.1353/ks.2006.0005
1770:, pp. 184, 187.
1588:"Party Time is Over"
1406:Wada Haruki (2018).
1158:on 8 September 2017.
1042:Korea JoongAng Daily
869:Hero of the Republic
778:Politburo of the WPK
732:After the Korean War
716:. Choe also led the
702:Korean People's Army
621:that began in 1939.
544:. Choe's father was
494:Korean People's Army
369:Battle of Gansanbong
317:Korean People's Army
2992:Generals from Jilin
2987:People from Yanbian
2278:Ministry of Defence
2224:Commanders-in-Chief
1814:on 8 September 2017
1615:Intelligence Report
1520:Intelligence Report
1502:Intelligence Report
1360:, pp. 300–301.
1069:Intelligence Report
806:Robert A. Scalapino
750:Political Committee
675:liberation of Korea
585:Soviet 88th Brigade
471:liberation of Korea
2214:Commanders of the
2178:Succeeded by
2160:Succeeded by
2142:Succeeded by
2098:Political offices
1843:. 23 February 2018
1650:. AFP. 17 May 1976
1647:The New York Times
970:In popular culture
948:Sai Ken (1964).
842:Nation and Destiny
671:
592:Battle of Pochonbo
558:March 1st Movement
530:
496:(KPA). During the
459:Battle of Pochonbo
362:Battle of Pochonbo
3022:Korean communists
2964:
2963:
2633:
2632:
2182:
2181:
2165:Preceded by
2147:Preceded by
2130:Preceded by
2120:Succeeded by
2074:978-1-4766-0780-1
2051:978-0-520-02274-4
2030:978-1-4299-0699-9
1983:978-981-4490-80-1
1937:978-1-134-62066-1
1879:978-1-317-28497-0
1756:Gabroussenko 2005
1744:Gabroussenko 2005
1619:, pp. 25–26.
1487:978-0-8248-3207-0
1419:978-1-5381-1642-5
1318:978-0-679-60378-8
1233:978-0-393-34753-1
1203:978-0-231-06573-3
979:in the 1981–1982
683:Guerrilla faction
420:
419:
374:Chinese Civil War
57:Choe Hyon in 1945
3099:
2955:
2954:
2824:Jong Kyong-thaek
2660:
2653:
2646:
2637:
2616:
2608:
2600:
2592:
2584:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2488:
2480:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2306:
2298:
2290:
2271:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2185:
2157:December 1960s–
2151:Chairmen of the
2103:Preceded by
2095:
2078:
2055:
2034:
2013:
1999:
1987:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1956:
1941:
1920:
1883:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1702:
1696:
1695:, p. 67n72.
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1583:
1572:
1566:
1557:
1551:
1542:
1536:
1525:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1454:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1249:
1238:
1237:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1191:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1121:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1080:
1074:
1065:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1032:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
965:
944:
923:
902:
871:. Choe's son is
822:With the Century
796:Death and legacy
706:Kanggye Regiment
650:With the Century
486:Kanggye Regiment
434:
433:
397:Battle of Ongjin
308:Military service
241:
233:
209:
207:
195:Personal details
181:
169:
146:
118:
79:
55:
46:
34:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3096:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2944:
2921:
2888:
2799:Thae Byong-ryol
2759:Jong Chang-ryol
2680:
2664:
2634:
2629:
2619:
2614:
2606:
2598:
2590:
2582:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2429:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2272:
2263:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2218:
2212:
2174:
2156:
2138:
2125:
2116:
2108:
2085:
2075:
2058:
2052:
2037:
2031:
2016:
1997:
1990:
1984:
1969:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1938:
1923:
1886:
1880:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1766:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1730:
1726:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1585:
1584:
1575:
1567:
1560:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1528:
1517:
1510:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1251:
1250:
1241:
1234:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1163:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1123:
1122:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1066:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1010:, p. 1446.
1006:
999:
994:
972:
951:
947:
926:
905:
884:
881:
798:
792:in particular.
758:Changkwang-dong
734:
681:as part of the
659:
522:
412:
411:
366:Battle of Musan
347:
335:
303:
277:
276:Other political
266:Political party
236:
235:
231:
211:
205:
203:
179:
167:
159:
147:
142:
119:
114:
91:
80:
75:
58:
44:
39:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3105:
3103:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2969:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2940:Kim Kwang-hyok
2937:
2931:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2749:Kim Pyong-ryul
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2615:(2023–present)
2609:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2577:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2540:Hyon Yong-chol
2537:
2529:
2521:
2513:
2505:
2497:
2489:
2481:
2476:Kim Chang-bong
2473:
2465:
2460:Kim Kwang-hyop
2457:
2449:
2440:
2438:
2434:Chiefs of the
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2425:(2023–present)
2419:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2374:Hyon Yong-chol
2371:
2363:
2355:
2347:
2339:
2331:
2323:
2315:
2307:
2302:Kim Chang-bong
2299:
2294:Kim Kwang-hyop
2291:
2282:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2259:(2011–present)
2253:
2245:
2237:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2169:Member of the
2166:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2118:
2109:
2106:Kim Chang-bong
2104:
2100:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2083:External links
2081:
2080:
2079:
2073:
2056:
2050:
2035:
2029:
2014:
1988:
1982:
1967:
1942:
1936:
1921:
1889:Korean Studies
1884:
1878:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1825:
1799:
1772:
1768:Schönherr 2014
1760:
1748:
1736:
1724:
1697:
1685:
1673:
1661:
1633:
1621:
1606:
1573:
1571:, p. 301.
1558:
1556:, p. 144.
1543:
1541:, p. 935.
1526:
1508:
1506:, p. iii.
1493:
1486:
1466:
1445:(1): 151–176.
1425:
1418:
1398:
1396:, p. 925.
1386:
1384:, p. 923.
1374:
1372:, p. 275.
1362:
1350:
1324:
1317:
1297:
1271:
1239:
1232:
1209:
1202:
1176:
1174:, p. 279.
1161:
1143:
1105:
1075:
1055:
1024:
1022:, p. 324.
1012:
996:
995:
993:
990:
989:
988:
971:
968:
967:
966:
945:
924:
903:
880:
877:
873:Choe Ryong-hae
858:Choe Ryong-hae
797:
794:
733:
730:
658:
655:
638:Choe Ryong-hae
521:
518:
418:
417:
414:
413:
410:
409:
404:
399:
388:
387:
371:
370:
367:
364:
359:
348:
345:
344:
342:
338:
337:
332:
328:
327:
324:
320:
319:
314:
310:
309:
305:
304:
302:
301:
298:
296:Choe Ryong-hae
292:
290:
286:
285:
279:
273:
272:
267:
263:
262:
257:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
234:(aged 74)
228:
224:
223:
201:
197:
196:
192:
191:
188:
187:
182:
176:
175:
173:Kim Chang-bong
170:
164:
163:
154:
150:
149:
139:
138:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
111:
110:
106:Member of the
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
82:
72:
71:
64:
63:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
41:
40:
37:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3104:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2959:
2958:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2935:Ri Pyong-chol
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2912:Kim Myong-sik
2910:
2908:
2907:Jong Myong-do
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2884:Jang Chang-ha
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:Jo Kyong-chol
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2834:No Kwang-chol
2832:
2830:
2829:Kim Jong-gwan
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2804:Kim Myong-guk
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2754:Kim Yong-chol
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:Pak Jae-gyong
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2694:Kim Kyong-hui
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2627:
2622:
2613:
2610:
2605:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2580:Pak Jong-chon
2578:
2573:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2557:
2554:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2538:
2533:
2530:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2516:Kim Yong-chun
2514:
2509:
2506:
2501:
2498:
2493:
2490:
2485:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2469:
2466:
2461:
2458:
2453:
2450:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2436:General Staff
2432:
2423:
2420:
2415:
2412:
2407:
2406:Kim Jong-gwan
2404:
2399:
2398:No Kwang-chol
2396:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2366:Jang Jong-nam
2364:
2359:
2356:
2351:
2348:
2343:
2342:Kim Yong-chun
2340:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2300:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2286:Choe Yong-gon
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2246:
2241:
2238:
2233:
2232:Choe Yong-gon
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2173:
2172:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2145:
2137:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1761:
1758:, p. 87.
1757:
1752:
1749:
1746:, p. 69.
1745:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1709:. Pyongyang:
1708:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1683:, p. 29.
1682:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1631:, p. 23.
1630:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1524:, p. 15.
1523:
1521:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1298:
1286:
1285:The Telegraph
1282:
1275:
1272:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1079:
1076:
1073:, p. 26.
1072:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
991:
986:
982:
978:
975:Portrayed by
974:
973:
969:
963:
959:
955:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
900:
896:
892:
889:. Pyongyang:
888:
883:
882:
878:
876:
874:
870:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
844:
843:
838:
834:
833:
828:
824:
823:
818:
817:
811:
810:Chong-Sik Lee
807:
803:
795:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
770:
766:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
731:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
698:
696:
695:Choe Yong-gon
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
668:
663:
656:
654:
652:
651:
646:
641:
639:
635:
630:
629:
625:concludes in
624:
623:Dennis Halpin
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:Choe Hwa-shim
543:
539:
535:
526:
519:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:Born in China
444:
442:
438:
428:
424:
415:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
394:
393:
392:
386:
383:
382:
381:
380:
376:
375:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
354:
353:
352:
343:
339:
333:
329:
325:
321:
318:
315:
311:
306:
299:
297:
294:
293:
291:
287:
284:(before 1945)
283:
280:
274:
271:
268:
264:
261:
258:
254:
251:
248:
244:
240:, North Korea
239:
229:
225:
222:
218:
214:
202:
198:
193:
189:
186:
183:
177:
174:
171:
165:
162:
158:
157:Pak Song-chol
155:
151:
145:
140:
137:
133:
130:
127:
123:
117:
112:
109:
104:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
78:
73:
70:
65:
61:
54:
49:
42:
35:
30:
29:
24:
19:
2950:
2869:Kim Jong-sik
2859:Rim Kwang-il
2849:O Paek-ryong
2844:Kang Sun-nam
2819:Jon Pyong-ho
2809:Kim Kyong-ok
2794:Ryo Chun-sok
2789:Jong Ho-gyun
2784:So Hong-chan
2774:Pak Sung-won
2769:Kim Song-gyu
2744:Hong Sung-mu
2734:Yun Jong-rin
2719:Pak Yong-sik
2704:Kim Won-hong
2699:Kim Rak-gyom
2625:
2588:Rim Kwang-il
2548:Kim Kyok-sik
2524:Kim Kyok-sik
2422:Kang Sun-nam
2390:Pak Yong-sik
2381:
2358:Kim Kyok-sik
2350:Kim Jong-gak
2309:
2168:
2150:
2133:
2111:
2091:by Y. S. Kim
2064:
2040:
2019:
1993:
1972:
1959:. Retrieved
1952:the original
1946:
1926:
1895:(1): 55–94.
1892:
1888:
1868:
1845:. Retrieved
1840:
1816:. Retrieved
1812:the original
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1785:
1775:
1763:
1751:
1739:
1727:
1706:
1700:
1688:
1676:
1671:, Table 4.1.
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1645:
1636:
1624:
1614:
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1591:
1519:
1501:
1496:
1476:
1469:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1408:
1401:
1389:
1377:
1370:Juergen 2001
1365:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1338:The Diplomat
1337:
1327:
1307:
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1284:
1274:
1262:. Retrieved
1257:
1222:
1187:
1179:
1172:Juergen 2001
1156:the original
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1129:
1096:. Retrieved
1089:
1078:
1068:
1046:. Retrieved
1040:
1015:
985:1st Republic
953:
928:
907:
886:
866:
847:
840:
830:
820:
814:
801:
799:
786:6th Congress
763:Choe became
762:
735:
722:2nd Division
710:1st Division
699:
672:
648:
642:
626:
616:
589:
562:
552:Unit of the
550:Hong Beom-do
531:
490:1st Division
483:
445:
436:
422:
421:
389:
379:World War II
377:
372:
349:
341:Battles/wars
300:Choe Gop-dan
278:affiliations
250:North Korean
232:(1982-04-09)
230:9 April 1982
180:Succeeded by
143:
115:
76:
26:
18:
2982:1982 deaths
2977:1907 births
2902:Kim Yun-sim
2864:Ri Thae-sop
2854:Pang Ho-san
2814:Pang Tu-sop
2764:Won Ung-hui
2714:Pak To-chun
2709:Ri Yong-gil
2612:Ri Yong-gil
2596:Ri Thae-sop
2572:Ri Yong-gil
2564:Ri Myong-su
2556:Ri Yong-gil
2519:(1995–2007)
2468:Lee Kwon-mu
2414:Ri Yong-gil
2337:(1997–2009)
2334:Kim Il-chol
2256:Kim Jong Un
2251:(1991–2011)
2248:Kim Jong Il
2240:Kim Il Sung
1860:Works cited
1788:(in Korean)
1569:Martin 2007
1260:. p. 2
1132:. p. 2
1094:(in Korean)
977:Im Hyun-sik
827:Cho Ki-chon
667:Kim Il Sung
634:Kim dynasty
600:Kim Il Sung
463:Kim Il Sung
439:(after the
429::
385:Pacific War
346:See battles
256:Nationality
246:Citizenship
168:Preceded by
129:Kim Il Sung
100:Kim Il Sung
89:O Paek-yong
23:Korean name
2971:Categories
2917:Ri Yong-ju
2839:Kim Su-gil
2779:O Kum-chol
2739:Choe Pu-il
2729:O Kuk-ryol
2604:Park Su-il
2532:Ri Yong-ho
2508:Choe Kwang
2500:O Kuk-ryol
2484:Choe Kwang
2326:Choe Kwang
2117:1968–1976
1048:24 October
992:References
950:白頭の山なみを越えて
852:, and the
832:Mt. Paektu
769:Choe Kwang
738:Korean War
736:After the
673:After the
645:honorifics
612:Gansanbong
520:Early life
498:Korean War
391:Korean War
313:Allegiance
210:6 May 1907
206:1907-05-06
120:1970s–1982
2879:O Il-jong
2667:Four-star
2607:(2022–23)
2591:(2021–22)
2583:(2019–21)
2575:(2018–19)
2567:(2016–18)
2559:(2013–16)
2543:(2012–13)
2535:(2009–12)
2527:(2007–09)
2511:(1988–95)
2503:(1979–88)
2495:(1968–79)
2487:(1962–68)
2479:(1959–62)
2471:(1957–59)
2463:(1953–57)
2455:(1950–53)
2447:(1948–50)
2417:(2021–22)
2409:(2019–21)
2401:(2018–19)
2393:(2015–18)
2377:(2014–15)
2369:(2013–14)
2361:(2012–13)
2345:(2009–12)
2329:(1995–97)
2321:(1976–95)
2313:(1968–76)
2310:Choe Hyon
2305:(1962–68)
2297:(1957–62)
2289:(1948–57)
2243:(1950–91)
2235:(1948–50)
2010:837867070
1917:161288935
1909:1529-1529
1719:869368184
1693:Buzo 2017
1681:Buzo 2017
1669:Buzo 2017
1629:Hamm 2012
1554:Hamm 2012
1461:2158-9674
962:674619272
941:914716941
920:873742698
899:869368184
687:Kim Chaek
455:Manchuria
423:Choe Hyon
238:Pyongyang
144:In office
116:In office
77:In office
38:Choe Hyon
2674:Admirals
2670:Generals
2444:Kang Kon
1792:11 April
1732:Kim 1993
1593:38 North
1358:Kim 1993
1020:Kim 1993
726:II Corps
604:Pochonbo
502:II Corps
441:Japanese
334:II Corps
331:Commands
289:Children
96:Chairman
21:In this
2676:of the
2626:Italics
2492:O Jin-u
2382:Unknown
2318:O Jin-u
2123:O Jin-u
1847:20 June
1098:11 June
983:series
780:at the
773:O Jin-u
714:Kanggye
708:of the
534:Hunchun
488:of the
481:(CCP).
437:Sai Ken
326:1946–82
213:Hunchun
185:O Jin-u
153:Premier
85:O Jin-u
2599:(2022)
2551:(2013)
2452:Nam Il
2385:(2015)
2353:(2012)
2139:–1968
2071:
2048:
2027:
2008:
1980:
1961:9 June
1934:
1915:
1907:
1876:
1818:7 June
1717:
1654:9 June
1599:6 June
1484:
1459:
1416:
1343:7 June
1315:
1290:7 June
1264:9 June
1230:
1200:
1136:7 June
1085:최현(崔賢)
981:MBC TV
960:
939:
918:
897:
691:Kim Il
427:Korean
260:Korean
161:Kim Il
125:Leader
1998:(PDF)
1955:(PDF)
1913:S2CID
1194:15–54
952:[
879:Works
608:Musan
565:Yanji
542:China
538:Jilin
221:China
217:Jilin
2672:and
2069:ISBN
2046:ISBN
2025:ISBN
2006:OCLC
1978:ISBN
1963:2018
1932:ISBN
1905:ISSN
1874:ISBN
1849:2018
1820:2018
1794:2024
1786:중앙일보
1715:OCLC
1656:2018
1617:1968
1601:2018
1522:1968
1504:1968
1482:ISBN
1457:ISSN
1414:ISBN
1345:2018
1313:ISBN
1292:2018
1266:2018
1228:ISBN
1198:ISBN
1138:2018
1100:2018
1071:1968
1050:2020
958:OCLC
937:OCLC
916:OCLC
895:OCLC
808:and
610:and
590:The
227:Died
200:Born
87:and
28:Choe
1897:doi
1447:doi
598:of
465:in
2973::
2004:.
1911:.
1903:.
1893:29
1891:.
1839:.
1828:^
1784:.
1713:.
1644:.
1590:.
1576:^
1561:^
1546:^
1529:^
1511:^
1455:.
1441:.
1437:.
1336:.
1283:.
1256:.
1242:^
1212:^
1196:.
1164:^
1128:.
1108:^
1058:^
1039:.
1027:^
1000:^
935:.
914:.
893:.
845:.
804:.
728:.
693:,
689:,
614:.
540:,
536:,
432:최현
219:,
215:,
45:최현
2659:e
2652:t
2645:v
2207:e
2200:t
2193:v
2077:.
2054:.
2033:.
2012:.
1986:.
1965:.
1940:.
1919:.
1899::
1882:.
1851:.
1822:.
1796:.
1721:.
1658:.
1603:.
1490:.
1463:.
1449::
1443:6
1422:.
1347:.
1321:.
1294:.
1268:.
1236:.
1206:.
1140:.
1102:.
1052:.
987:.
964:.
943:.
922:.
901:.
425:(
208:)
204:(
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
