890:
306:
277:
The
Choiyoi Group has a large areal extent through western Argentina and parts of Chile, covering at least 200,000 square kilometres (77,000 sq mi), but probably around 500,000 square kilometres (190,000 sq mi). While the subsurface extent of the group is large,
474:
described the group as early as in 1918. Subsequently the
Choiyoi Group became known by a variety of names. The current name dates to the 1968 work of Stipanicic and co-workers where the group was described in a locality in
816:
809:
802:
771:
700:
670:
Spalletti, L.A.; Fanning, C.M.; Rapela, C.W. (2008). "Dating the
Triassic continental rift in the southern Andes: the Potrerillos Formation, Cuyo Basin, Argentina".
621:"The Choiyoi Group from central Argentina: a subalkaline transitional to alkaline association in the craton adjacent to the active margin of the Gondwana continent"
563:"The Choiyoi volcanic province at 34°S–36°S (San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina): Implications for the Late Palaeozoic evolution of the southwestern margin of Gondwana"
1619:
1589:
1584:
1599:
625:
1594:
517:"Evolución petrológica y geoquímica del magmatismo bimodal Permo-Triásico del Grupo Choiyoi en el cordón del Portillo, Mendoza, Argentina"
1506:
330:
766:
695:
1501:
1236:
1179:
337:. During the Permian, the zone of arc magmatism moved 350 kilometres (220 mi) inland from the Chilean Coast Range, reaching
1130:
1038:
1088:
1511:
1068:
1048:
422:
242:
1634:
1624:
1058:
433:
78:
1614:
1604:
371:
451:
86:
1639:
1544:
1258:
1150:
1135:
1105:
957:
947:
1445:
1579:
567:
360:
The
Choiyoi Group can be stratigraphically subdivided into a Lower Choiyoi Group and an Upper Choiyoi Group.
1629:
1268:
991:
952:
370:, andesites and breccias are common. Volcanic rocks and sediments in the Lower Choiyoi Group belong to the
100:
1609:
1387:
1246:
1241:
1083:
1206:
439:
418:
82:
70:
1549:
1484:
1273:
1115:
1043:
528:
427:
383:
338:
74:
1392:
1172:
1100:
480:
114:
1539:
1494:
1474:
1120:
879:
696:"Analisis del grupo Choiyoi (permotriásico), cordillera frontal de Calingasta, provincia de San Juan"
634:
576:
476:
291:
245:
60:
42:
1317:
1293:
889:
1489:
1479:
1365:
1300:
1194:
334:
299:
110:
96:
1425:
1377:
1360:
1355:
1345:
1340:
937:
917:
516:
395:
283:
52:
1125:
1093:
1521:
1464:
1415:
1410:
1382:
1223:
869:
379:
345:
257:
313:, 237 million years ago. The Choiyoi Group was deposited immediately east of the Proto-Andes.
1554:
1529:
1440:
1288:
1278:
1201:
1184:
1110:
1053:
942:
927:
912:
904:
745:
650:
642:
592:
584:
295:
287:
226:
56:
794:
1534:
1435:
1372:
1350:
1231:
1016:
976:
922:
844:
839:
831:
375:
1307:
1033:
638:
580:
1420:
1335:
1283:
1145:
981:
750:
733:
672:
268:
694:
Vallecillo, Graciela; Caballero, María M.; Rocher, Sebastián; Espin, Eleonora (2010).
646:
1573:
1078:
1063:
1028:
996:
932:
859:
620:
562:
471:
24:
767:"Plantas Fósiles del Grupo Choiyoi, Cordillera Frontal a la Latitud del río Mendoza"
305:
1140:
1073:
874:
322:
1430:
1312:
1253:
1213:
1006:
1001:
864:
854:
849:
588:
444:
394:
features. Part of the Lower
Choiyoi Group were erupted in association with the
1263:
1189:
1020:
986:
968:
404:
387:
349:
264:
164:
1455:
367:
326:
318:
260:
249:
149:
317:
The plutonic equivalent of the
Choiyoi Group volcanic material are mostly
401:
271:
238:
161:
157:
32:
325:
that produced much of volcanic material is now preserved as a series of
655:
619:
Llambías, Eduardo J.; Quenardelle, Sonia; Montenegro, Teresita (2003).
597:
391:
279:
234:
153:
28:
398:
while some
Choiyoi Group sediments were deformed by the same orogeny.
374:
and have also other geochemical signatures indicative of an origin in
1164:
900:
364:
352:, have their lowermost sections made up of Choiyoi Group formations.
310:
174:
146:
253:
1160:
408:
798:
888:
448:
fossils that are thought to have grown near an ancient lake.
302:. In parts the group reaches thicknesses of 2 to 4 km.
689:
687:
414:
The
Choiyoi Group include the following formations:
1520:
1463:
1454:
1403:
1328:
1222:
1159:
1015:
966:
899:
830:
212:
200:
195:
185:
180:
170:
142:
137:
129:
121:
106:
92:
66:
48:
38:
18:
765:Koukharsky, Magdalena; Ottone, Eduardo G. (2011).
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
378:volcanism. Volcanic rocks of the Lower Choiyoi in
727:
725:
723:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
810:
732:Rapalini, Augusto E.; Vilas, Juan F. (1991).
267:that existed along the western margin of the
8:
772:Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina
701:Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina
442:, Mendoza Province. This formation contains
411:are more common in the Upper Choiyoi Group.
125:>200,000 km (77,000 sq mi)
561:Kleiman, Laura E.; Japas, María S. (2009).
1460:
817:
803:
795:
734:"Tectonic rotations in the Late Paleozoic"
15:
749:
654:
596:
825:Major South American geological features
626:Journal of South American Earth Sciences
304:
496:
464:
436:, San Juan Province, Mendoza Province
430:, San Juan Province, Mendoza Province
348:in southern South America, including
7:
515:Martinez, A.; Giambiagi, L. (2010).
282:in Argentina are most common in the
751:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb00829.x
331:Coastal Batholith of central Chile
309:Paleogeographic reconstruction of
133:2–4 km (6,600–13,100 ft)
14:
738:Geophysical Journal International
1620:Triassic System of South America
1590:Geologic formations of Argentina
1585:Geologic groups of South America
1600:Permian System of South America
256:. The group bears evidence of
1:
647:10.1016/S0895-9811(03)00070-1
341:about 280 million years ago.
1595:Geologic formations of Chile
589:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.02.046
363:In the Lower Choiyoi Group
1656:
1446:Pampean Pegmatite Province
372:calc-alkaline magma series
918:Arequipa-Antofalla Craton
886:
79:Portezuelo del Cenizo Fm.
23:
1404:Metallogenetic provinces
928:Central Brazilian Shield
633:(4). Elsevier: 243–257.
1039:Bucaramanga-Santa Marta
263:related to an ancient
967:Structures undergoing
948:Río de la Plata Craton
893:
321:. The remnants of the
314:
230:
87:Vega de Los Machos Fm.
892:
529:Universidad de Oviedo
434:Portezuelo del Cenizo
384:Buenos Aires Province
308:
992:Juan Fernández Ridge
953:São Francisco Craton
521:Trabajos de Geología
292:Principal Cordillera
61:Principal Cordillera
1512:Paraná and Etendeka
639:2003JSAES..16..243L
581:2009Tectp.473..283K
454:, San Juan Province
335:Chilean Coast Range
243:volcano-sedimentary
111:Carapacha Formation
25:Stratigraphic range
1635:Triassic volcanism
1625:Triassic Argentina
1466:Volcanic provinces
1426:El Indio Gold Belt
1224:Sedimentary basins
1089:Magallanes-Fagnano
938:Paranapanema Block
894:
481:Río Negro Province
452:Vega de Los Machos
396:San Rafael orogeny
315:
284:Frontal Cordillera
53:Frontal Cordillera
1615:Permian volcanism
1605:Permian Argentina
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1416:Chilean Iron Belt
1411:Bolivian Tin Belt
1269:Eastern Venezuela
1059:Dolores-Guayaquil
1049:Cordillera Blanca
477:Somún Cura Massif
423:San Juan Province
288:San Rafael Massif
220:
219:
115:Sierra de Calencó
57:San Rafael Massif
1647:
1507:Central Atlantic
1467:
1461:
1441:Lithium Triangle
1395:
1368:
1320:
1303:
1296:
1249:
1209:
1197:
1175:
1096:
958:Uruguayan Shield
913:Amazonian Craton
819:
812:
805:
796:
789:
788:
786:
784:
762:
756:
755:
753:
729:
718:
717:
715:
713:
691:
682:
681:
667:
661:
660:
658:
616:
610:
609:
607:
605:
600:
575:(3–4): 283–299.
558:
541:
540:
538:
536:
512:
484:
469:
382:and westernmost
329:, including the
16:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1580:Volcanic groups
1570:
1569:
1568:
1559:
1535:Noronha hotspot
1516:
1465:
1450:
1436:Iron Quadrangle
1399:
1393:
1388:Terra Australis
1366:
1324:
1318:
1301:
1294:
1274:Golfo San Jorge
1247:
1242:Andean foreland
1218:
1207:
1195:
1173:
1155:
1151:Trans-Brazilian
1094:
1069:Eastern Frontal
1011:
977:Antarctic Plate
962:
923:Atlantic Shield
895:
884:
832:Tectonic plates
826:
823:
793:
792:
782:
780:
764:
763:
759:
731:
730:
721:
711:
709:
693:
692:
685:
669:
668:
664:
618:
617:
613:
603:
601:
560:
559:
544:
534:
532:
514:
513:
498:
493:
488:
487:
470:
466:
461:
376:subduction zone
358:
265:subduction zone
190:
12:
11:
5:
1653:
1651:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1630:Triassic Chile
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1545:Juan Fernández
1542:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1471:
1469:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1421:Deseado Massif
1418:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1248:Central Brazil
1244:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1169:
1167:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1136:Sierra Ballena
1133:
1131:Sarandí del Yí
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
982:Carnegie Ridge
979:
973:
971:
964:
963:
961:
960:
955:
950:
945:
943:Río Apa Craton
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
909:
907:
897:
896:
887:
885:
883:
882:
880:South American
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
836:
834:
828:
827:
824:
822:
821:
814:
807:
799:
791:
790:
775:(in Spanish).
757:
744:(2): 333–351.
719:
704:(in Spanish).
683:
673:Geologica Acta
662:
611:
568:Tectonophysics
542:
523:(in Spanish).
495:
494:
492:
489:
486:
485:
463:
462:
460:
457:
456:
455:
449:
437:
431:
425:
357:
354:
344:Many Triassic
269:supercontinent
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
202:
198:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
144:
140:
139:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
108:
104:
103:
94:
90:
89:
68:
64:
63:
50:
46:
45:
40:
36:
35:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1652:
1641:
1640:Neuquén Basin
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:Permian Chile
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1346:Cariri Velhos
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1202:Neuquén Rifts
1200:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1185:Asunción Rift
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1084:Liquiñe-Ofqui
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
997:Malpelo Ridge
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
974:
972:
970:
965:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
933:Guiana Shield
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
908:
906:
902:
898:
891:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
835:
833:
829:
820:
815:
813:
808:
806:
801:
800:
797:
778:
774:
773:
768:
761:
758:
752:
747:
743:
739:
735:
728:
726:
724:
720:
707:
703:
702:
697:
690:
688:
684:
680:(3): 267–283.
679:
675:
674:
666:
663:
657:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
627:
622:
615:
612:
599:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:
564:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
543:
530:
526:
522:
518:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
497:
490:
482:
478:
473:
472:Pablo Groeber
468:
465:
458:
453:
450:
447:
446:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
424:
420:
417:
416:
415:
412:
410:
406:
403:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
366:
361:
355:
353:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
312:
307:
303:
301:
298:and northern
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
275:
273:
270:
266:
262:
259:
258:bimodal-style
255:
251:
247:
244:
240:
239:Triassic-aged
236:
232:
231:Grupo Choiyoi
228:
224:
223:Choiyoi Group
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
188:
184:
179:
176:
173:
169:
166:
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:
145:
141:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
83:Tambillos Fm.
80:
76:
72:
71:El Palque Fm.
69:
65:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
44:
41:
37:
34:
30:
26:
22:
19:Choiyoi Group
17:
781:. Retrieved
776:
770:
760:
741:
737:
710:. Retrieved
705:
699:
677:
671:
665:
630:
624:
614:
602:. Retrieved
572:
566:
533:. Retrieved
524:
520:
467:
443:
413:
400:
362:
359:
356:Stratigraphy
343:
323:magmatic arc
316:
294:of southern
276:
222:
221:
213:Year defined
205:
196:Type section
75:Horcajos Fm.
1214:Salta Rifts
1180:Amazon Rift
1021:shear zones
1007:Nazca Ridge
1002:Nazca Plate
870:North Andes
656:11336/83501
598:11336/75328
445:Sphenophyte
405:ignimbrites
388:shoshonitic
204:Stipanicic
101:Cuyo Groups
1574:Categories
1378:San Rafael
1361:Gondwanide
1356:Famatinian
1341:Brasiliano
1279:Magallanes
1111:Pernambuco
1044:Cochabamba
987:Chile Rise
969:subduction
783:11 January
491:References
368:lava flows
350:Cuyo Basin
339:San Rafael
327:batholiths
319:granitoids
246:formations
165:ignimbrite
1550:San Felix
1540:Galápagos
1530:Ascension
1502:Caribbean
1456:Volcanism
1394:Tilcarian
1329:Orogenies
1232:Altiplano
1208:Paramirim
1190:Cuyo Rift
1126:San Ramón
1106:Oca-Ancón
845:Caribbean
840:Antarctic
712:5 January
604:5 January
535:5 January
531:: 432–451
440:Tambillos
419:El Palque
402:Rhyolitic
280:exposures
261:volcanism
250:Argentina
241:group of
189:Argentina
162:rhyolitic
150:lava flow
138:Lithology
130:Thickness
93:Underlies
67:Sub-units
1555:Trindade
1522:Hotspots
1431:El Mutún
1319:Solimões
1295:Pantanal
1284:Malvinas
1259:Colorado
1146:El Tigre
1116:El Pilar
428:Horcajos
392:syenitic
380:La Pampa
365:basaltic
290:and the
272:Gondwana
201:Named by
181:Location
158:andesite
147:Basaltic
107:Overlies
33:Triassic
1495:Austral
1485:Central
1373:Pampean
1351:Chonide
1302:Paraíba
1289:Neuquén
1174:Aguapeí
1165:grabens
1121:Romeral
1079:Huincul
1064:Domeyko
1054:Córdoba
1029:Atacama
905:shields
901:Cratons
860:Malpelo
635:Bibcode
577:Bibcode
333:in the
300:Neuquén
296:Mendoza
235:Permian
233:) is a
227:Spanish
186:Country
154:breccia
143:Primary
97:Mendoza
49:Unit of
29:Permian
1475:Andean
1383:Sunsás
1336:Andean
1308:Paraná
1237:Amazon
1196:Espino
1141:Sobral
1074:Gastre
1034:Boconó
1017:Faults
875:Scotia
346:basins
311:Pangea
286:, the
175:Dacite
99:&
1490:South
1480:North
1367:Juruá
1313:Salta
1254:Chaco
1161:Rifts
1101:Morón
865:Nazca
855:Coiba
850:Cocos
708:(1–2)
459:Notes
409:lavas
386:have
254:Chile
206:et al
191:Chile
171:Other
43:Group
1264:Cuyo
1163:and
1095:Meta
1019:and
903:and
785:2016
714:2016
606:2016
537:2016
407:and
390:and
252:and
237:and
216:1968
122:Area
39:Type
779:(2)
746:doi
742:107
651:hdl
643:doi
593:hdl
585:doi
573:473
248:in
1576::
777:68
769:.
740:.
736:.
722:^
706:66
698:.
686:^
676:.
649:.
641:.
631:16
629:.
623:.
591:.
583:.
571:.
565:.
545:^
527:.
525:30
519:.
499:^
479:,
421:,
274:.
229::
160:,
156:,
152:,
85:,
81:,
77:,
73:,
59:,
55:,
27::
818:e
811:t
804:v
787:.
754:.
748::
716:.
678:6
659:.
653::
645::
637::
608:.
595::
587::
579::
539:.
483:.
225:(
208:.
117:)
113:(
31:-
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