718:
under Choi Yong-sool himself, documented part of this historic visit on videotape, which is in the hands of Doju Chinil Chang. Doju Choi's final wishes were to spread Hap Ki Do all over the world as well as to unite the art as one family, although Doju Choi had realized at that point that the system had splintered into too many political and warring factions for that to ever happen. He also wished to keep his original system intact and for the lineage to be passed in a complete manner to his successor, which he accomplished. Master
Wollmershauser attempted to spread this word of unity throughout the world until his death in December 2002. Doju Chang maintains the integrity and purpose of his mission while continuing to teach his students as he has since arriving in the United States decades ago.
770:
791:
782:
742:. One can only speculate as to why Choi's name is not on the otherwise meticulous records. The claim by some that the lack of documentation was due to his Korean ancestry is difficult to uphold since other Korean students are mentioned in the records. Others claim that, since Choi was Takeda's house servant, it is logical to assume he was trained by him or at least in his dojo. There is a strong similarity to the techniques taught in Daito-ryu and the techniques of Hapkido.
687:; also rendered Kim Jung-yun) as secretary general. Later, Kim separated from the hapkido organizations to form his own Han Pul Hapkido organization, although his art remains firmly based in the teachings of Choi Yong-sool. Another prominent top student who became crucial to the survival of Doju Choi's full system was Chinil Chang, the personally chosen second Doju (Grandmaster) and the only man awarded the 10th Dan and the title of Doju directly from Doju Choi.
55:
134:
554:
539:
only student to have a complete understanding of the system taught by Takeda. While Kondo
Katsuyuki (current head of the mainline Daito Ryu) has released a page from Takeda Sokaku's eimeiroku that confirms that Choi Yong-sul did in fact study with him briefly, some scholars believe it is likely that Choi received most of his training in Daito Ryu from Yoshida Kotaro.
820:
Chang's intimate video interview (one of several over decades) with his teacher Doju Choi during his visit to New York City has been abused through numerous interpretations and translations. Some have even claimed erroneously to have conducted the interview themselves, further clouding and distorting
816:
Furthermore, the future
Grandmaster, who was a personally trained, closed-door disciple of Choi, was given Letter of Appointment certificates, the second dated December 1, 1977 and the third dated March 5, 1980. This gave Chang more progressive power and authority in Choi's Hapkido Association. These
538:
on Shin Shu mountain where he lived and trained with the master for 30 years. The interview also asserts that: Choi traveled with Takeda as a teaching assistant, Choi led Takeda's demonstration team that presented in Hawaii (circa 1932), Choi was employed to catch war deserters, and that Choi was the
503:
skills and his Korean ethnicity, which made him stand out in Japan. When
Watanabe asked Choi what direction that he wished for his life to take he expressed interest in the martial arts. This matched the boy's temperament: Choi had a tendency to get into fights and he had an intense interest in the
812:
A large inauguration ceremony followed on April 11, 1985. The historic event was covered and documented by Korea Sports News and MBC Korean
Television. Choi Young-sool, Chang, and Choi's son, the late Choi Bok-yeol, were in attendance. Chang is the only Hapkido master ever awarded the 10th Dan and
717:
Doju Choi made a special trip to the United States in 1982, several years prior to his death, to visit his highest ranked instructor Chinil Chang in New York City and to preside over the creation of the US Hapkido
Association. Master Mike Wollmershauser, who was the only American to have trained
824:
In 2013, Doju Chang was teaching a small group in NYC dedicated to the preservation of
Hapkido, after previously maintaining a commercial school for decades, as well as a stint teaching Hapkido at the United Nations. Many detractors have spread endless conjecture about him. One lineage created
1082:.). He is also a master in Kickboxing (Kwon Kyuk Do Style); has a 7th Dan in Tae Kwon Do and a 6th degree black belt in Kendo. He was also granted a 7th Dan belt in Shaolin Kung Fu and Tai Chi, in addition to being a Hwarang Sword Master as well as certified Sports Massage Therapist.
749:
is also disputed. Choi Yong-sool's student, Ji Han-jae, claims to have coined the name for the art. Seo Bok-seob states in a 1980 interview that Jung Moo Kwan first used the term to refer to the art as well as introducing the symbol of the eagle to represent the art.
470:
It is generally accepted that Choi was born in the year 1904, although some sources place his birth in 1899. Confusion about his age stem from a combination of being orphaned, delays in registering newborns with the government (common in impoverished Korea) and the
534:. Choi is said to have been assigned the Japanese name Asao Yoshida (吉田朝男) when he was 11 years old, according to a posthumously released interview, or Yoshida Tatujutsu, according to Seo Bok-seob. Choi says he was taken to Takeda's home and dojo in
613:), the first formal school to teach the art. In 1958, Choi Yong-sool opened up his own school using the shortened name Hapkido for the first time. Both schools were located in Daegu. Some of the more important students from this period of time were
808:
On April 5, 1985, Choi personally awarded Chang the only existing 10th Dan certificate in
Hapkido history. Chang also had the privilege and honor of being the first Hapkido master awarded the 9th Dan certificate by Choi in 1980.
666:, are thought by some to have trained with Choi Yong-sool, although this is controversial. Others assert that their training came from Kim Moo-hong's hapkido school in Seoul, with which they were known to have been associated.
1191:
1169:
1147:
1125:
479:
in 1912 by a
Japanese sweet merchant named Morimoto who had lost his own sons and wished to adopt Choi. Choi resisted and proved so troublesome to the candymaker that he was abandoned in the streets of Moji,
573:, first selling sweets and later raising hogs. In 1948, after becoming involved in an altercation with several men in a dispute over grain at the Seo Brewing Company, the son of the chairman of the brewery,
475:. His mother died when he was 2 years old, and his father died sometime after that, leaving Choi in the care of his aunt. According to Choi he was abducted from his home village of Yong Dong in
726:
Choi's claims of being a student of Daito-ryu under Takeda Sokaku are contested and unsupported by the fee and attendance records of Takeda Sokaku that still exist today. However, according to
840:
Many people have claimed to be students of Choi Yong-sool, and it is often hard to verify whether or not these claims are valid. This is a list of people who were long time students of Choi.
813:
Doju title directly from Choi. Choi left the full documentation and recordings of the system to Chang, who continued to research and document the full history and development of
Hapkido.
769:
817:
specific certificates, along with his 9th Dan ranking in 1980, and 10th Dan ranking in 1985, amply demonstrate that Choi was grooming Chang to be the future Grandmaster of Hapkido.
1194:
1172:
1150:
1128:
542:
Other sources place Choi as a mere servant in the Takeda household, while still others assert that Choi had no connection to Takeda beyond attending some of Takeda's seminars.
844:
Chinil Chang (the second direct lineage Grandmaster was awarded the only 10th Dan in Hapkido and the title of second direct lineage Doju by Dojunim Choi on January 15, 1985.)
825:
further controversy by stating Choi passed the system to his only son, Choi Bok-yeol, which is incorrect, misleading, and insulting to the legacy and wishes of Choi.
519:
system emphasizing empty handed methods based upon the sword styles and jujutsu tactics in which Takeda was an expert. Later Takeda Sōkaku would also famously teach
2160:
1365:
2155:
1476:
1772:
1237:
Vol. 16, No. 8. Tri-Mount Publications, Iowa 1996. "The Beginning of Hapkido; An Interview with Hapkido Master Seo, Bok-seob" by Mike Wollmershauser.
805:
inherited the title of Doju in Choi's personal and complete system of Hapkido on January 15, 1985, becoming the second direct lineage Grandmaster.
790:
781:
829:, respecting Chinil Chang as the second lineage successor, asked him to write a brief obituary on Choi that appeared in the April 1987 issue.
2175:
2150:
1304:
821:
the truth and gravity inherent in the interview. These endless distortions were generally rebutted in various media each time they appeared.
704:
organization to fabricate and support his erroneous and misguided claims of being the surviving grandmaster of hapkido. and Park Jeong-hwan (
581:
that Seo had created on the premises for that purpose. In this way, Seo Bok-seob became Choi Yong-sool's first student. Later Choi became a
1454:
1541:
1898:
1432:
1402:
586:
738:, a young Korean was present at several of Takeda's seminars, suggesting that some Korean nationals had some formal training in
546:, son of Morihei Ueshiba, stated that his father had told him that Choi had attended seminars held by Takeda with his father in
499:
Choi spent 2 years at the temple and had a difficult life there, not only in school but with the other children due to his poor
2069:
1926:
1097:
1006:; He was promoted to 9th Dan (highest dan in Hapki Yu Kwon Sul before dojunim's death) by Choi Yong-sool. In 1974, he founded
739:
512:
382:
149:
2131:
2064:
282:
550:
and that his father had been Choi's senior. Choi apparently contacted Kisshomaru upon hearing the news of Morihei's death.
2085:
1102:
1525:
832:
Doju Chang died in his sleep on February 23, 2018, at the age of 77 as a result of Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease.
370:
1247:
577:, was so impressed by his self-defense skills that Seo invited Choi to teach the brewery's employees at a makeshift
476:
358:
176:
1701:
1683:
1369:
1345:
81:
2059:
1473:
934:
472:
1563:
690:
Students of importance who were trained by Choi during the later periods of his teaching were Kim Jeong-yoon,
710:), who trained under Choi for only three years, is one of the later students that opened a Hapkido school in
1801:
Glidden, Sheryl; D'Aloia, Michael (May 2005). "Grandmaster Lim, Hyun Soo, The Mysterious Charm of Hapkido".
1075:
1719:
Restall, Barry (November 2006). "Young Sul Kwan: History of the Korean Hapkido Hapkiyusul Headquarters".
296:
1891:
826:
516:
36:
1850:
Tedeschi, Marc. "Hapkido: Traditions, Philosophy, Technique". Weatherhill, Boston, Massachusetts 2000.
2170:
2165:
1982:
1921:
1649:
1092:
462:, as well as lesser known arts such as Han Pul all show influence of the teachings of Master Choi.
997:
77:
727:
543:
1509:
1398:
1300:
500:
54:
1884:
565:
Regardless of the circumstances of Choi's martial arts training, he returned to Korea after
558:
535:
508:
374:
164:
2018:
1977:
1549:
1529:
1480:
1436:
1349:
1198:
1176:
1154:
1132:
940:
869:
735:
520:
315:
1840:
Kimm, He-young. "History of Korea and Hapkido". Hando Press, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 2008.
1429:
967:; Choi's student in 1955, Founder of the Korean Hapkido Association and Shin Moo Kwan in
669:
In 1963, Choi became the first Chairman of the Korea Kido Association (Daehan Ki Do Hwe;
531:
1786:
D'Aloia, Michael; Glidden, Sheryl (September 2006). "The 10 Original Kicks of Hapkido".
2115:
1962:
1957:
2144:
2033:
2028:
983:
904:
711:
691:
196:
2110:
2023:
2013:
2003:
1055:
958:
879:
847:
663:
614:
574:
566:
459:
394:
386:
204:
186:
1645:"Birth of Hapkido: Founder Choi Yong-sul Reveals the Truth About the Art's Origin"
1061:
Michael Wollmershauser; founder of American Hapkido Association until Dec. 8, 2002
1754:
1735:
1665:
1644:
1213:
2120:
2100:
2095:
1972:
701:
653:
547:
455:
362:
339:
208:
139:
31:
2054:
2008:
1952:
1522:
1507:
Spiedel, Rod. "Yong Sool Kwan; History of the Hapkido Hapkisul Headquarters".
1484:
1390:
1079:
859:
634:
200:
17:
2038:
924:
868:; student #14 of Choi in 1955, Founder of the Korea Hapkido Association and
582:
553:
530:
During the Japanese occupation of Korea, all Koreans working in Japan were
373:
when he was eight years old. Choi later stated that he became a student of
1255:
2105:
950:
918:
489:
488:
as a beggar and, after having been picked up by police, was placed in a
1967:
1931:
1907:
1705:
1687:
1071:
1007:
914:
889:
428:
390:
378:
342:
154:
1342:
287:
272:
269:
266:
2090:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1498:
Kim, Jeong-yoon. Personal interview with Matthew Rogers. Seoul. 1995.
1107:
873:
731:
578:
524:
242:
1070:; He was promoted to 8th Dan by Choi Yong-sool. In 2005, he founded
1603:
1601:
1599:
1567:
1032:; Secretary General of the Kido Association and founder of Han Pul)
1010:
and later created a system of Jungki Hapkido and Chungsuk Kuhapdo)
643:), one of the great exponents of the art, came to learn from Choi.
385:(大東流合気柔術) while in Japan. Choi returned to Korea after the end of
1936:
1020:
968:
570:
493:
485:
481:
454:; 創始者), which simply means "founder". The arts of Hapkido, modern
366:
325:
258:
121:
681:) and appointed one of his most senior students, Kim Jeong-yoon (
1865:
630:
1880:
1318:
1316:
1773:"Hapkido Community Mourns Passing of Grandmaster Chinil Chang"
633:
during the early years of the art and it was in this way that
1871:
1860:
1513:. Nov. 2006/Vol.26. No.6. Article compiled by Barrie Restall.
507:
The temple monk (Watanabe Kintaro) was reputedly a friend of
496:. The abbot of the temple was a monk named Watanabe Kintaro.
1623:
1621:
1619:
1430:
Interview with Kisshomaru Ueshiba: The Early Days of Aikido
444:; 道主), which can be translated as "Keeper of the way", and
1876:
1820:. Burbank, California: Ohara Publications, Inc. p. 7.
1343:
Posthumously Released Interview with Choi Yong-sool (1982)
334:; November 9, 1904 – June 15, 1986), alternative spelling
1847:. World Hapkido Federation, Los Angeles, California 1976.
301:
1684:"The late Choi Bok-yoel as second successor of Hapkido"
1285:). Andrew Jackson Press, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 1991.
1019:; Choi's student in 1955, Founder of Won Moo Kwan in
1837:. Andrew Jackson Press, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 1994.
1643:
Jong bae, Rim; Sheya, Joe; Burke, Mike (June 1999).
1416:
1414:
2078:
2047:
1991:
1945:
1914:
1327:. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Hando Press. p. 236.
295:
281:
257:
241:
214:
192:
182:
170:
160:
145:
127:
117:
109:
99:
87:
64:
45:
1299:. Boston, Massachusetts: Weatherhill. p. 64.
1229:
1227:
1225:
1360:
1358:
403:; Suh Bok-sub). He first called his art "Yu Sul (
1052:; Han Kuk Jeong Dong Hapkido, Orthodox Hapkido)
1201:at Doosan EnCyber & EnCyber.com (두산 백과사전)
1179:at Doosan EnCyber & EnCyber.com (두산 백과사전)
1157:at Doosan EnCyber & EnCyber.com (두산 백과사전)
1135:at Doosan EnCyber & EnCyber.com (두산 백과사전)
1058:; (author, notable movie consultant and actor)
113:Choi Yong-Sul, Yoshida Asao, Yoshida Tatujutsu
1892:
1702:"Kim Yung-sang as third successor of Hapkido"
1366:"Hapkido's Connection to Daito Ryu confirmed"
700:) who later went on to form his own offshoot
629:). Apparently Choi also taught people on his
8:
1397:. Boston, Massachusetts: Tuttle Publishing.
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1065:
1047:
1036:
1027:
1014:
1001:
987:
975:
962:
944:
928:
908:
896:
883:
863:
851:
705:
695:
682:
676:
670:
657:
647:
638:
624:
618:
608:
602:
504:war scenes depicted in the temple's murals.
449:
439:
422:
416:
410:
404:
398:
352:
346:
329:
319:
264:
248:
1456:[박정진의 무맥] (24) 일본에서 다시 돌아온 화랑무예 합기도
434:Choi Yong-sool was honored with the titles
415:; 柔術)" later changing it to "Yu Kwon Sool (
1899:
1885:
1877:
1297:Hapkido: Traditions, Philosophy, Technique
53:
42:
714:, several of which still function today.
393:owned by the father of his first student
1592:. New York City: Unpublished manuscript.
1449:
1447:
1445:
646:The founders of two arts, Lee Joo-bang (
552:
389:and in 1948 began teaching his art at a
1861:Hapkidowon (World Hapkido Headquarters)
1338:
1336:
1334:
1118:
888:; First founder of a hapkido dojang in
765:
2161:People from North Chungcheong Province
1845:Korean Hapkido; Ancient Art of Masters
1628:Giordano, Vincent (February 1, 2013).
760:Chang Chinil Hapkido 2nd Doju Ceremony
585:to Seo's father, who was an important
233:
473:way in which age is reckoned in Korea
7:
1632:. New York City: Personal interview.
1612:. New York City: Personal interview.
597:In 1951, Choi and Seo opened up the
1818:Hapkido: Korean Art of Self-Defense
1420:Pranin, S. (1988). Aikido Journal,
1395:Hapkido: Korean Art of Self-Defense
532:required to take on a Japanese name
2156:South Korean hapkido practitioners
1608:Giordano, Vincent (May 12, 2006).
1590:Hidden Masters of the Martial Arts
492:temple which cared for orphans in
421:; 柔拳術)" and "Hap Ki Yu Kwon Sool (
25:
1664:Giordano, Vincent (August 1999).
1736:"Hapkido Founder Choi Passes On"
1630:Interview with Doju Chinil Chang
1610:Interview with Doju Chinil Chang
1461:(24) 일본에서 다시 돌아온 화랑무예 합기도 - 세계일보
789:
780:
768:
599:Daehan Hapki Yu Kwon Sool Dojang
132:
992:; Founder of the Moo Sool Kwan)
856:; Choi's first student in 1946)
775:Photos courtes of cchapkido.com
2065:International H.K.D Federation
1775:(Press release). Mar 16, 2018.
1753:Young, Robert (January 1994).
1463:(in Korean). 16 February 2010.
1066:
1048:
1037:
1028:
1015:
1002:
988:
976:
963:
945:
929:
909:
897:
884:
864:
852:
706:
696:
683:
677:
671:
658:
648:
639:
625:
619:
609:
603:
450:
440:
423:
417:
411:
405:
399:
353:
347:
330:
320:
265:
249:
218:Daehan Hapki YuKwonSool Dojang
27:Founder of Hapkido (1904–1986)
1:
1103:Aiki (martial arts principle)
2176:20th-century philanthropists
2151:Martial arts school founders
1866:The Korea Hapkido Federation
1734:Chang, Chinil (April 1987).
1325:History of Korea and Hapkido
901:; Founder of the Ulchi Kwan)
371:Japanese occupation of Korea
2070:Jaenam Musul Won Foundation
1323:Kimm, Dr. He-young (2008).
1064:Jong-Yeon "Charles" Hwang (
302:
288:
226:Last updated on: 2010-02-23
2192:
1588:Giordano, Vincent (2003).
1474:이소룡과 대결했던 합기도고수 지한재 방한 세미나
1074:, a tae-kwon-do school in
980:; still teaching in Daegu)
801:A direct student of Choi,
477:North Chungcheong Province
359:North Chungcheong Province
357:). He was born in today's
59:Choi Yong-sool, circa 1954
29:
2129:
1666:"Hapkido History Heresy?"
427:; 合氣柔拳術)" and eventually
338:, was the founder of the
236:
222:
103:
52:
2060:Korea Hapkido Federation
1455:
951:World Hapkido Federation
935:Korea Hapkido Federation
557:Retouched photograph of
377:, and studied a form of
1295:Tedeschi, Marc (2000).
872:, and Sung Moo Kwan in
745:The source of the name
484:. Choi made his way to
1927:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
1816:Han, Bong-soo (1974).
1233:Hentz, Eric (editor),
1098:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
933:; former president of
740:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
562:
513:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
383:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
150:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
82:Korea, Empire of Japan
1755:"Jujutsu vs. Hapkido"
1708:on February 17, 2015.
1690:on February 15, 2016.
1542:"Hapkido Family Tree"
623:) and Moon Jong-won (
556:
517:Japanese martial arts
511:, the founder of the
34:, the family name is
1983:Hapki Kochido Musool
1258:on February 7, 2016.
283:Revised Romanization
1922:Korean martial arts
1788:Black Belt Magazine
1759:Black Belt Magazine
1740:Black Belt Magazine
1670:Black Belt Magazine
1650:Black Belt Magazine
1248:"Untitled Document"
1093:Korean martial arts
827:Black Belt Magazine
515:system, which is a
1868:– Official Website
1843:Myung, Kwang-sik.
1564:"Master Hoon Park"
1528:2011-06-10 at the
1479:2010-04-15 at the
1435:2006-07-04 at the
1348:2007-04-03 at the
1197:2015-03-23 at the
1175:2015-03-23 at the
1153:2015-03-23 at the
1131:2015-03-23 at the
1072:Kimoo Martial Arts
728:Kisshomaru Ueshiba
662:; Suh In-hyuk) of
563:
544:Kisshomaru Ueshiba
2138:
2137:
1721:Tae Kwon Do Times
1570:on March 3, 2012.
1306:978-0-8348-0444-9
1283:The Hapkido Bible
949:; Founder of the
656:and Seo In-hyuk (
593:Spreading the art
523:, the founder of
501:Japanese language
365:and was taken to
309:
308:
297:McCune–Reischauer
232:
231:
215:Notable school(s)
16:(Redirected from
2183:
1901:
1894:
1887:
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1807:
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1743:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1704:. Archived from
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1692:
1691:
1686:. Archived from
1680:
1674:
1673:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1614:
1613:
1605:
1594:
1593:
1585:
1572:
1571:
1566:. Archived from
1560:
1554:
1553:
1548:. Archived from
1546:sinmoohapkido.be
1538:
1532:
1520:
1514:
1505:
1499:
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1471:
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1464:
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1440:
1418:
1409:
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1377:
1368:. Archived from
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1353:
1340:
1329:
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1320:
1311:
1310:
1292:
1286:
1275:
1260:
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1254:. Archived from
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1026:Kim Jeong-yoon (
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2019:Myung Kwang-sik
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1978:Sin Moo Hapkido
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1833:Kim, He-young.
1830:
1828:Further reading
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1235:Taekwondo Times
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1216:장보고와 정년 그리고 송징
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1089:
1046:Yoo Byung-don (
1013:Moon Jong-Won (
941:Myung Kwang-sik
870:Sin Moo Hapkido
838:
799:
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736:Morihei Ueshiba
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521:Morihei Ueshiba
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1999:Choi Yong-sool
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1963:GongKwon Yusul
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1855:External links
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2029:Myung Jae-nam
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19:
18:Choi Yong Sul
2111:Kuk Sool Won
2024:Han Bong-soo
2014:Kim Moo-hong
2004:Seo Bok-seob
1998:
1872:Jung Ki Kwan
1844:
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1811:
1802:
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1706:the original
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1568:the original
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1374:. Retrieved
1370:the original
1324:
1296:
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1256:the original
1251:
1242:
1234:
1209:
1187:
1165:
1143:
1121:
1056:Han Bong-soo
1008:Jung Ki Kwan
998:Lim Hyun-soo
959:Kim Moo-hong
880:Kwon Tae-man
848:Seo Bok-seob
839:
831:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:Chinil Chang
802:
800:
746:
744:
725:
716:
689:
668:
664:Kuk Sool Won
652:) of modern
645:
615:Kim Moo-hong
604:대한 합기 유권술 도장
598:
596:
575:Seo Bok-seob
567:World War II
564:
541:
529:
506:
498:
469:
460:Kuk Sool Won
445:
435:
433:
395:Seo Bok-seob
387:World War II
335:
311:
310:
205:Kim Moo-Hong
93:(1986-06-15)
91:15 June 1986
35:
2171:1986 deaths
2166:1904 births
2121:Acupressure
2101:Kong Soo Do
2096:Tang Soo Do
1973:Hapki yusul
1523:Master Park
1488:(in Korean)
1483:2010-01-12
1218:(in Korean)
1203:(in Korean)
1181:(in Korean)
1159:(in Korean)
1137:(in Korean)
1076:Santa Clara
1035:Seo In-sun(
722:Controversy
702:Hapki yusul
654:Hwa Rang Do
587:congressman
456:Hwa Rang Do
369:during the
363:South Korea
340:martial art
328::
318::
209:Kim Yun-sik
177:Grandmaster
140:South Korea
128:Nationality
110:Other names
100:Native name
32:Korean name
2145:Categories
2055:Hapkidowon
2009:Ji Han-jae
1992:Innovators
1953:Hapkidowon
1835:Hapkido II
1790:: 108–117.
1653:: 130–139.
1485:chosun.com
1391:Scott Shaw
1376:2022-10-26
1214:허인욱의 무인이야기
1114:References
1080:California
860:Ji Han-jae
635:Ji Han-jae
589:in Daegu.
561:circa 1888
201:Ji Han-jae
183:Occupation
71:1904-11-09
2039:Oh Se-lim
1087:See also)
925:Oh Se-lim
754:Successor
730:, son of
610:大韓合氣柔拳術道場
583:bodyguard
466:Biography
446:changsija
381:known as
118:Residence
2106:Hankumdo
1805:: 30–39.
1761:: 26–31.
1723:: 24–28.
1526:Archived
1477:Archived
1433:Archived
1422:AikiNews
1393:(1996).
1346:Archived
1195:Archived
1173:Archived
1151:Archived
1129:Archived
919:Hankumdo
836:Students
734:founder
548:Hokkaidō
490:Buddhist
30:In this
2079:Related
1968:Hankido
1932:Jujutsu
1908:Hapkido
1279:Hapkido
1192:"합기도 ④"
1170:"합기도 ③"
1148:"합기도 ②"
1126:"합기도 ①"
915:Hankido
890:Incheon
747:Hapkido
712:America
429:Hapkido
391:brewery
379:jujutsu
343:Hapkido
161:Trainer
155:Hapkido
104:최용술/崔龍述
2091:Aikido
1946:Styles
1915:Origin
1401:
1303:
1108:Aikido
874:Andong
732:Aikido
675:;
672:대한 기도회
607:;
579:dojang
525:aikido
424:합기 유권술
351:;
324:;
316:Korean
243:Hangul
137:
1937:Yusul
1742:: 16.
1672:: 43.
1021:Busan
969:Daegu
678:大韓氣道會
571:Daegu
536:Akita
494:Kyoto
486:Osaka
482:Japan
367:Japan
326:Hanja
259:Hanja
174:Doju,
146:Style
122:Daegu
2086:Aiki
1399:ISBN
1301:ISBN
917:and
631:farm
436:doju
171:Rank
88:Died
65:Born
37:Choi
1067:황종연
1049:유병돈
1038:서인선
1029:김정윤
1016:문종원
1003:임현수
989:원광화
977:김정수
964:김무홍
946:명광식
930:오세림
910:명재남
898:김용진
885:권태만
865:지한재
853:서복섭
707:박정환
697:김윤상
684:김정윤
659:서인혁
649:이주방
640:지한재
626:문종원
620:김무홍
451:창시자
418:유권술
412:야와라
400:서복섭
354:合氣道
348:합기도
331:崔龍述
321:최용술
250:최용술
2147::
1757:.
1738:.
1668:.
1647:.
1618:^
1598:^
1576:^
1544:.
1459:.
1444:^
1428:.
1426:77
1424:,
1413:^
1357:^
1333:^
1315:^
1264:^
1250:.
1224:^
1078:,
1041:;)
1023:)
971:)
876:)
527:.
458:,
441:도주
431:.
406:유술
361:,
80:,
1900:e
1893:t
1886:v
1439:.
1407:.
1379:.
1352:.
1309:.
1000:(
986:(
961:(
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882:(
862:(
850:(
694:(
637:(
617:(
601:(
448:(
438:(
397:(
345:(
314:(
273:述
270:龍
267:崔
152:,
73:)
69:(
40:.
20:)
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