707:
under Choi Yong-sool himself, documented part of this historic visit on videotape, which is in the hands of Doju Chinil Chang. Doju Choi's final wishes were to spread Hap Ki Do all over the world as well as to unite the art as one family, although Doju Choi had realized at that point that the system had splintered into too many political and warring factions for that to ever happen. He also wished to keep his original system intact and for the lineage to be passed in a complete manner to his successor, which he accomplished. Master
Wollmershauser attempted to spread this word of unity throughout the world until his death in December 2002. Doju Chang maintains the integrity and purpose of his mission while continuing to teach his students as he has since arriving in the United States decades ago.
759:
780:
771:
731:. One can only speculate as to why Choi's name is not on the otherwise meticulous records. The claim by some that the lack of documentation was due to his Korean ancestry is difficult to uphold since other Korean students are mentioned in the records. Others claim that, since Choi was Takeda's house servant, it is logical to assume he was trained by him or at least in his dojo. There is a strong similarity to the techniques taught in Daito-ryu and the techniques of Hapkido.
676:; also rendered Kim Jung-yun) as secretary general. Later, Kim separated from the hapkido organizations to form his own Han Pul Hapkido organization, although his art remains firmly based in the teachings of Choi Yong-sool. Another prominent top student who became crucial to the survival of Doju Choi's full system was Chinil Chang, the personally chosen second Doju (Grandmaster) and the only man awarded the 10th Dan and the title of Doju directly from Doju Choi.
44:
123:
543:
528:
only student to have a complete understanding of the system taught by Takeda. While Kondo
Katsuyuki (current head of the mainline Daito Ryu) has released a page from Takeda Sokaku's eimeiroku that confirms that Choi Yong-sul did in fact study with him briefly, some scholars believe it is likely that Choi received most of his training in Daito Ryu from Yoshida Kotaro.
809:
Chang's intimate video interview (one of several over decades) with his teacher Doju Choi during his visit to New York City has been abused through numerous interpretations and translations. Some have even claimed erroneously to have conducted the interview themselves, further clouding and distorting
805:
Furthermore, the future
Grandmaster, who was a personally trained, closed-door disciple of Choi, was given Letter of Appointment certificates, the second dated December 1, 1977 and the third dated March 5, 1980. This gave Chang more progressive power and authority in Choi's Hapkido Association. These
527:
on Shin Shu mountain where he lived and trained with the master for 30 years. The interview also asserts that: Choi traveled with Takeda as a teaching assistant, Choi led Takeda's demonstration team that presented in Hawaii (circa 1932), Choi was employed to catch war deserters, and that Choi was the
492:
skills and his Korean ethnicity, which made him stand out in Japan. When
Watanabe asked Choi what direction that he wished for his life to take he expressed interest in the martial arts. This matched the boy's temperament: Choi had a tendency to get into fights and he had an intense interest in the
801:
A large inauguration ceremony followed on April 11, 1985. The historic event was covered and documented by Korea Sports News and MBC Korean
Television. Choi Young-sool, Chang, and Choi's son, the late Choi Bok-yeol, were in attendance. Chang is the only Hapkido master ever awarded the 10th Dan and
706:
Doju Choi made a special trip to the United States in 1982, several years prior to his death, to visit his highest ranked instructor Chinil Chang in New York City and to preside over the creation of the US Hapkido
Association. Master Mike Wollmershauser, who was the only American to have trained
813:
In 2013, Doju Chang was teaching a small group in NYC dedicated to the preservation of
Hapkido, after previously maintaining a commercial school for decades, as well as a stint teaching Hapkido at the United Nations. Many detractors have spread endless conjecture about him. One lineage created
1071:.). He is also a master in Kickboxing (Kwon Kyuk Do Style); has a 7th Dan in Tae Kwon Do and a 6th degree black belt in Kendo. He was also granted a 7th Dan belt in Shaolin Kung Fu and Tai Chi, in addition to being a Hwarang Sword Master as well as certified Sports Massage Therapist.
738:
is also disputed. Choi Yong-sool's student, Ji Han-jae, claims to have coined the name for the art. Seo Bok-seob states in a 1980 interview that Jung Moo Kwan first used the term to refer to the art as well as introducing the symbol of the eagle to represent the art.
459:
It is generally accepted that Choi was born in the year 1904, although some sources place his birth in 1899. Confusion about his age stem from a combination of being orphaned, delays in registering newborns with the government (common in impoverished Korea) and the
523:. Choi is said to have been assigned the Japanese name Asao Yoshida (吉田朝男) when he was 11 years old, according to a posthumously released interview, or Yoshida Tatujutsu, according to Seo Bok-seob. Choi says he was taken to Takeda's home and dojo in
602:), the first formal school to teach the art. In 1958, Choi Yong-sool opened up his own school using the shortened name Hapkido for the first time. Both schools were located in Daegu. Some of the more important students from this period of time were
797:
On April 5, 1985, Choi personally awarded Chang the only existing 10th Dan certificate in
Hapkido history. Chang also had the privilege and honor of being the first Hapkido master awarded the 9th Dan certificate by Choi in 1980.
655:, are thought by some to have trained with Choi Yong-sool, although this is controversial. Others assert that their training came from Kim Moo-hong's hapkido school in Seoul, with which they were known to have been associated.
1180:
1158:
1136:
1114:
468:
in 1912 by a
Japanese sweet merchant named Morimoto who had lost his own sons and wished to adopt Choi. Choi resisted and proved so troublesome to the candymaker that he was abandoned in the streets of Moji,
562:, first selling sweets and later raising hogs. In 1948, after becoming involved in an altercation with several men in a dispute over grain at the Seo Brewing Company, the son of the chairman of the brewery,
464:. His mother died when he was 2 years old, and his father died sometime after that, leaving Choi in the care of his aunt. According to Choi he was abducted from his home village of Yong Dong in
715:
Choi's claims of being a student of Daito-ryu under Takeda Sokaku are contested and unsupported by the fee and attendance records of Takeda Sokaku that still exist today. However, according to
829:
Many people have claimed to be students of Choi Yong-sool, and it is often hard to verify whether or not these claims are valid. This is a list of people who were long time students of Choi.
802:
Doju title directly from Choi. Choi left the full documentation and recordings of the system to Chang, who continued to research and document the full history and development of
Hapkido.
758:
806:
specific certificates, along with his 9th Dan ranking in 1980, and 10th Dan ranking in 1985, amply demonstrate that Choi was grooming Chang to be the future Grandmaster of Hapkido.
1183:
1161:
1139:
1117:
531:
Other sources place Choi as a mere servant in the Takeda household, while still others assert that Choi had no connection to Takeda beyond attending some of Takeda's seminars.
833:
Chinil Chang (the second direct lineage Grandmaster was awarded the only 10th Dan in Hapkido and the title of second direct lineage Doju by Dojunim Choi on January 15, 1985.)
814:
further controversy by stating Choi passed the system to his only son, Choi Bok-yeol, which is incorrect, misleading, and insulting to the legacy and wishes of Choi.
508:
system emphasizing empty handed methods based upon the sword styles and jujutsu tactics in which Takeda was an expert. Later Takeda Sōkaku would also famously teach
2149:
1354:
2144:
1465:
1761:
1226:
Vol. 16, No. 8. Tri-Mount Publications, Iowa 1996. "The Beginning of Hapkido; An Interview with Hapkido Master Seo, Bok-seob" by Mike Wollmershauser.
794:
inherited the title of Doju in Choi's personal and complete system of Hapkido on January 15, 1985, becoming the second direct lineage Grandmaster.
779:
770:
818:, respecting Chinil Chang as the second lineage successor, asked him to write a brief obituary on Choi that appeared in the April 1987 issue.
2164:
2139:
1293:
810:
the truth and gravity inherent in the interview. These endless distortions were generally rebutted in various media each time they appeared.
693:
organization to fabricate and support his erroneous and misguided claims of being the surviving grandmaster of hapkido. and Park Jeong-hwan (
570:
that Seo had created on the premises for that purpose. In this way, Seo Bok-seob became Choi Yong-sool's first student. Later Choi became a
1443:
1530:
1887:
1421:
1391:
575:
727:, a young Korean was present at several of Takeda's seminars, suggesting that some Korean nationals had some formal training in
535:, son of Morihei Ueshiba, stated that his father had told him that Choi had attended seminars held by Takeda with his father in
488:
Choi spent 2 years at the temple and had a difficult life there, not only in school but with the other children due to his poor
2058:
1915:
1086:
995:; He was promoted to 9th Dan (highest dan in Hapki Yu Kwon Sul before dojunim's death) by Choi Yong-sool. In 1974, he founded
728:
501:
371:
138:
2120:
2053:
271:
539:
and that his father had been Choi's senior. Choi apparently contacted Kisshomaru upon hearing the news of Morihei's death.
2074:
1091:
1514:
821:
Doju Chang died in his sleep on February 23, 2018, at the age of 77 as a result of Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease.
359:
1236:
566:, was so impressed by his self-defense skills that Seo invited Choi to teach the brewery's employees at a makeshift
465:
347:
165:
1690:
1672:
1358:
1334:
70:
2048:
1462:
923:
461:
1552:
679:
Students of importance who were trained by Choi during the later periods of his teaching were Kim Jeong-yoon,
699:), who trained under Choi for only three years, is one of the later students that opened a Hapkido school in
1790:
Glidden, Sheryl; D'Aloia, Michael (May 2005). "Grandmaster Lim, Hyun Soo, The Mysterious Charm of Hapkido".
1064:
1708:
Restall, Barry (November 2006). "Young Sul Kwan: History of the Korean Hapkido Hapkiyusul Headquarters".
285:
1880:
815:
505:
25:
1839:
Tedeschi, Marc. "Hapkido: Traditions, Philosophy, Technique". Weatherhill, Boston, Massachusetts 2000.
2159:
2154:
1971:
1910:
1638:
1081:
451:, as well as lesser known arts such as Han Pul all show influence of the teachings of Master Choi.
986:
66:
716:
532:
1498:
1387:
1289:
489:
43:
1873:
554:
Regardless of the circumstances of Choi's martial arts training, he returned to Korea after
547:
524:
497:
363:
153:
2007:
1966:
1538:
1518:
1469:
1425:
1338:
1187:
1165:
1143:
1121:
929:
858:
724:
509:
304:
1829:
Kimm, He-young. "History of Korea and Hapkido". Hando Press, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 2008.
1418:
956:; Choi's student in 1955, Founder of the Korean Hapkido Association and Shin Moo Kwan in
658:
In 1963, Choi became the first Chairman of the Korea Kido Association (Daehan Ki Do Hwe;
520:
1775:
D'Aloia, Michael; Glidden, Sheryl (September 2006). "The 10 Original Kicks of Hapkido".
2104:
1951:
1946:
2133:
2022:
2017:
972:
893:
700:
680:
185:
2099:
2012:
2002:
1992:
1044:
947:
868:
836:
652:
603:
563:
555:
448:
383:
375:
193:
175:
1634:"Birth of Hapkido: Founder Choi Yong-sul Reveals the Truth About the Art's Origin"
1050:
Michael Wollmershauser; founder of American Hapkido Association until Dec. 8, 2002
1743:
1724:
1654:
1633:
1202:
2109:
2089:
2084:
1961:
690:
642:
536:
444:
351:
328:
197:
128:
20:
2043:
1997:
1941:
1511:
1496:
Spiedel, Rod. "Yong Sool Kwan; History of the Hapkido Hapkisul Headquarters".
1473:
1379:
1068:
848:
623:
189:
2027:
913:
857:; student #14 of Choi in 1955, Founder of the Korea Hapkido Association and
571:
542:
519:
During the Japanese occupation of Korea, all Koreans working in Japan were
362:
when he was eight years old. Choi later stated that he became a student of
1244:
2094:
939:
907:
478:
477:
as a beggar and, after having been picked up by police, was placed in a
1956:
1920:
1896:
1694:
1676:
1060:
996:
903:
878:
417:
379:
367:
331:
143:
1331:
276:
261:
258:
255:
2079:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1487:
Kim, Jeong-yoon. Personal interview with Matthew Rogers. Seoul. 1995.
1096:
862:
720:
567:
513:
231:
1059:; He was promoted to 8th Dan by Choi Yong-sool. In 2005, he founded
1592:
1590:
1588:
1556:
1021:; Secretary General of the Kido Association and founder of Han Pul)
999:
and later created a system of Jungki Hapkido and Chungsuk Kuhapdo)
632:), one of the great exponents of the art, came to learn from Choi.
374:(大東流合気柔術) while in Japan. Choi returned to Korea after the end of
1925:
1009:
957:
559:
482:
474:
470:
443:; 創始者), which simply means "founder". The arts of Hapkido, modern
355:
314:
247:
110:
670:) and appointed one of his most senior students, Kim Jeong-yoon (
1854:
619:
1869:
1307:
1305:
1762:"Hapkido Community Mourns Passing of Grandmaster Chinil Chang"
622:
during the early years of the art and it was in this way that
1860:
1849:
1502:. Nov. 2006/Vol.26. No.6. Article compiled by Barrie Restall.
496:
The temple monk (Watanabe Kintaro) was reputedly a friend of
485:. The abbot of the temple was a monk named Watanabe Kintaro.
1612:
1610:
1608:
1419:
Interview with Kisshomaru Ueshiba: The Early Days of Aikido
433:; 道主), which can be translated as "Keeper of the way", and
1865:
1809:. Burbank, California: Ohara Publications, Inc. p. 7.
1332:
Posthumously Released Interview with Choi Yong-sool (1982)
323:; November 9, 1904 – June 15, 1986), alternative spelling
1836:. World Hapkido Federation, Los Angeles, California 1976.
290:
1673:"The late Choi Bok-yoel as second successor of Hapkido"
1274:). Andrew Jackson Press, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 1991.
1008:; Choi's student in 1955, Founder of Won Moo Kwan in
1826:. Andrew Jackson Press, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 1994.
1632:
Jong bae, Rim; Sheya, Joe; Burke, Mike (June 1999).
1405:
1403:
2067:
2036:
1980:
1934:
1903:
1316:. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Hando Press. p. 236.
284:
270:
246:
230:
203:
181:
171:
159:
149:
134:
116:
106:
98:
88:
76:
53:
34:
1288:. Boston, Massachusetts: Weatherhill. p. 64.
1218:
1216:
1214:
1349:
1347:
392:; Suh Bok-sub). He first called his art "Yu Sul (
1041:; Han Kuk Jeong Dong Hapkido, Orthodox Hapkido)
1190:at Doosan EnCyber & EnCyber.com (두산 백과사전)
1168:at Doosan EnCyber & EnCyber.com (두산 백과사전)
1146:at Doosan EnCyber & EnCyber.com (두산 백과사전)
1124:at Doosan EnCyber & EnCyber.com (두산 백과사전)
1047:; (author, notable movie consultant and actor)
102:Choi Yong-Sul, Yoshida Asao, Yoshida Tatujutsu
1881:
1691:"Kim Yung-sang as third successor of Hapkido"
1355:"Hapkido's Connection to Daito Ryu confirmed"
689:) who later went on to form his own offshoot
618:). Apparently Choi also taught people on his
8:
1386:. Boston, Massachusetts: Tuttle Publishing.
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1054:
1036:
1025:
1016:
1003:
990:
976:
964:
951:
933:
917:
897:
885:
872:
852:
840:
694:
684:
671:
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659:
646:
636:
627:
613:
607:
597:
591:
493:war scenes depicted in the temple's murals.
438:
428:
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405:
399:
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387:
341:
335:
318:
308:
253:
237:
1445:[박정진의 무맥] (24) 일본에서 다시 돌아온 화랑무예 합기도
423:Choi Yong-sool was honored with the titles
404:; 柔術)" later changing it to "Yu Kwon Sool (
1888:
1874:
1866:
1286:Hapkido: Traditions, Philosophy, Technique
42:
31:
703:, several of which still function today.
382:owned by the father of his first student
1581:. New York City: Unpublished manuscript.
1438:
1436:
1434:
635:The founders of two arts, Lee Joo-bang (
541:
378:and in 1948 began teaching his art at a
1850:Hapkidowon (World Hapkido Headquarters)
1327:
1325:
1323:
1107:
877:; First founder of a hapkido dojang in
754:
2150:People from North Chungcheong Province
1834:Korean Hapkido; Ancient Art of Masters
1617:Giordano, Vincent (February 1, 2013).
749:Chang Chinil Hapkido 2nd Doju Ceremony
574:to Seo's father, who was an important
222:
462:way in which age is reckoned in Korea
7:
1621:. New York City: Personal interview.
1601:. New York City: Personal interview.
586:In 1951, Choi and Seo opened up the
1807:Hapkido: Korean Art of Self-Defense
1409:Pranin, S. (1988). Aikido Journal,
1384:Hapkido: Korean Art of Self-Defense
521:required to take on a Japanese name
2145:South Korean hapkido practitioners
1597:Giordano, Vincent (May 12, 2006).
1579:Hidden Masters of the Martial Arts
481:temple which cared for orphans in
410:; 柔拳術)" and "Hap Ki Yu Kwon Sool (
14:
1653:Giordano, Vincent (August 1999).
1725:"Hapkido Founder Choi Passes On"
1619:Interview with Doju Chinil Chang
1599:Interview with Doju Chinil Chang
1450:(24) 일본에서 다시 돌아온 화랑무예 합기도 - 세계일보
778:
769:
757:
588:Daehan Hapki Yu Kwon Sool Dojang
121:
981:; Founder of the Moo Sool Kwan)
845:; Choi's first student in 1946)
764:Photos courtes of cchapkido.com
2054:International H.K.D Federation
1764:(Press release). Mar 16, 2018.
1742:Young, Robert (January 1994).
1452:(in Korean). 16 February 2010.
1055:
1037:
1026:
1017:
1004:
991:
977:
965:
952:
934:
918:
898:
886:
873:
853:
841:
695:
685:
672:
666:
660:
647:
637:
628:
614:
608:
598:
592:
439:
429:
412:
406:
400:
394:
388:
342:
336:
319:
309:
254:
238:
207:Daehan Hapki YuKwonSool Dojang
16:Founder of Hapkido (1904–1986)
1:
1092:Aiki (martial arts principle)
2165:20th-century philanthropists
2140:Martial arts school founders
1855:The Korea Hapkido Federation
1723:Chang, Chinil (April 1987).
1314:History of Korea and Hapkido
890:; Founder of the Ulchi Kwan)
360:Japanese occupation of Korea
2059:Jaenam Musul Won Foundation
1312:Kimm, Dr. He-young (2008).
1053:Jong-Yeon "Charles" Hwang (
291:
277:
215:Last updated on: 2010-02-23
2181:
1577:Giordano, Vincent (2003).
1463:이소룡과 대결했던 합기도고수 지한재 방한 세미나
1063:, a tae-kwon-do school in
969:; still teaching in Daegu)
790:A direct student of Choi,
466:North Chungcheong Province
348:North Chungcheong Province
346:). He was born in today's
48:Choi Yong-sool, circa 1954
18:
2118:
1655:"Hapkido History Heresy?"
416:; 合氣柔拳術)" and eventually
327:, was the founder of the
225:
211:
92:
41:
2049:Korea Hapkido Federation
1444:
940:World Hapkido Federation
924:Korea Hapkido Federation
546:Retouched photograph of
366:, and studied a form of
1284:Tedeschi, Marc (2000).
861:, and Sung Moo Kwan in
734:The source of the name
473:. Choi made his way to
1916:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
1805:Han, Bong-soo (1974).
1222:Hentz, Eric (editor),
1087:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
922:; former president of
729:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
551:
502:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
372:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
139:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
71:Korea, Empire of Japan
1744:"Jujutsu vs. Hapkido"
1697:on February 17, 2015.
1679:on February 15, 2016.
1531:"Hapkido Family Tree"
612:) and Moon Jong-won (
545:
506:Japanese martial arts
500:, the founder of the
23:, the family name is
1972:Hapki Kochido Musool
1247:on February 7, 2016.
272:Revised Romanization
1911:Korean martial arts
1777:Black Belt Magazine
1748:Black Belt Magazine
1729:Black Belt Magazine
1659:Black Belt Magazine
1639:Black Belt Magazine
1237:"Untitled Document"
1082:Korean martial arts
816:Black Belt Magazine
504:system, which is a
1857:– Official Website
1832:Myung, Kwang-sik.
1553:"Master Hoon Park"
1517:2011-06-10 at the
1468:2010-04-15 at the
1424:2006-07-04 at the
1337:2007-04-03 at the
1186:2015-03-23 at the
1164:2015-03-23 at the
1142:2015-03-23 at the
1120:2015-03-23 at the
1061:Kimoo Martial Arts
717:Kisshomaru Ueshiba
651:; Suh In-hyuk) of
552:
533:Kisshomaru Ueshiba
2127:
2126:
1710:Tae Kwon Do Times
1559:on March 3, 2012.
1295:978-0-8348-0444-9
1272:The Hapkido Bible
938:; Founder of the
645:and Seo In-hyuk (
582:Spreading the art
512:, the founder of
490:Japanese language
354:and was taken to
298:
297:
286:McCune–Reischauer
221:
220:
204:Notable school(s)
2172:
1890:
1883:
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1867:
1811:
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1802:
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1752:
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1739:
1733:
1732:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1693:. Archived from
1687:
1681:
1680:
1675:. Archived from
1669:
1663:
1662:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1614:
1603:
1602:
1594:
1583:
1582:
1574:
1561:
1560:
1555:. Archived from
1549:
1543:
1542:
1537:. Archived from
1535:sinmoohapkido.be
1527:
1521:
1509:
1503:
1494:
1488:
1485:
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1453:
1440:
1429:
1407:
1398:
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1376:
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1367:
1366:
1357:. Archived from
1351:
1342:
1329:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1281:
1275:
1264:
1249:
1248:
1243:. Archived from
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1227:
1220:
1209:
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1194:
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1019:
1015:Kim Jeong-yoon (
1007:
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2008:Myung Kwang-sik
1976:
1967:Sin Moo Hapkido
1930:
1899:
1894:
1846:
1822:Kim, He-young.
1819:
1817:Further reading
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1792:Taekwondo Times
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1266:Kim, He-young.
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1224:Taekwondo Times
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1205:장보고와 정년 그리고 송징
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1113:
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1035:Yoo Byung-don (
1002:Moon Jong-Won (
930:Myung Kwang-sik
859:Sin Moo Hapkido
827:
788:
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783:
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762:
751:
750:
745:
725:Morihei Ueshiba
713:
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510:Morihei Ueshiba
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398:)" or "Yawara (
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1988:Choi Yong-sool
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1952:GongKwon Yusul
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1947:Combat Hapkido
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2037:Organizations
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2023:Kim Yoon-sang
2021:
2019:
2018:Myung Jae-nam
2016:
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325:Choi Yong-sul
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67:Chūseihoku-dō
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33:
28:
27:
22:
2100:Kuk Sool Won
2013:Han Bong-soo
2003:Kim Moo-hong
1993:Seo Bok-seob
1987:
1861:Jung Ki Kwan
1833:
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1800:
1791:
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1695:the original
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1677:the original
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1557:the original
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1374:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:the original
1313:
1285:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1245:the original
1240:
1231:
1223:
1198:
1176:
1154:
1132:
1110:
1045:Han Bong-soo
997:Jung Ki Kwan
987:Lim Hyun-soo
948:Kim Moo-hong
869:Kwon Tae-man
837:Seo Bok-seob
828:
820:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:Chinil Chang
791:
789:
735:
733:
714:
705:
678:
657:
653:Kuk Sool Won
641:) of modern
634:
604:Kim Moo-hong
593:대한 합기 유권술 도장
587:
585:
564:Seo Bok-seob
556:World War II
553:
530:
518:
495:
487:
458:
449:Kuk Sool Won
434:
424:
422:
384:Seo Bok-seob
376:World War II
324:
300:
299:
194:Kim Moo-Hong
82:(1986-06-15)
80:15 June 1986
24:
2160:1986 deaths
2155:1904 births
2110:Acupressure
2090:Kong Soo Do
2085:Tang Soo Do
1962:Hapki yusul
1512:Master Park
1477:(in Korean)
1472:2010-01-12
1207:(in Korean)
1192:(in Korean)
1170:(in Korean)
1148:(in Korean)
1126:(in Korean)
1065:Santa Clara
1024:Seo In-sun(
711:Controversy
691:Hapki yusul
643:Hwa Rang Do
576:congressman
445:Hwa Rang Do
358:during the
352:South Korea
329:martial art
317::
307::
198:Kim Yun-sik
166:Grandmaster
129:South Korea
117:Nationality
99:Other names
89:Native name
21:Korean name
2134:Categories
2044:Hapkidowon
1998:Ji Han-jae
1981:Innovators
1942:Hapkidowon
1824:Hapkido II
1779:: 108–117.
1642:: 130–139.
1474:chosun.com
1380:Scott Shaw
1365:2022-10-26
1203:허인욱의 무인이야기
1103:References
1069:California
849:Ji Han-jae
624:Ji Han-jae
578:in Daegu.
550:circa 1888
190:Ji Han-jae
172:Occupation
60:1904-11-09
2028:Oh Se-lim
1076:See also)
914:Oh Se-lim
743:Successor
719:, son of
599:大韓合氣柔拳術道場
572:bodyguard
455:Biography
435:changsija
370:known as
107:Residence
2095:Hankumdo
1794:: 30–39.
1750:: 26–31.
1712:: 24–28.
1515:Archived
1466:Archived
1422:Archived
1411:AikiNews
1382:(1996).
1335:Archived
1184:Archived
1162:Archived
1140:Archived
1118:Archived
908:Hankumdo
825:Students
723:founder
537:Hokkaidō
479:Buddhist
19:In this
2068:Related
1957:Hankido
1921:Jujutsu
1897:Hapkido
1268:Hapkido
1181:"합기도 ④"
1159:"합기도 ③"
1137:"합기도 ②"
1115:"합기도 ①"
904:Hankido
879:Incheon
736:Hapkido
701:America
418:Hapkido
380:brewery
368:jujutsu
332:Hapkido
150:Trainer
144:Hapkido
93:최용술/崔龍述
2080:Aikido
1935:Styles
1904:Origin
1390:
1292:
1097:Aikido
863:Andong
721:Aikido
664:;
661:대한 기도회
596:;
568:dojang
514:aikido
413:합기 유권술
340:;
313:;
305:Korean
232:Hangul
126:
1926:Yusul
1731:: 16.
1661:: 43.
1010:Busan
958:Daegu
667:大韓氣道會
560:Daegu
525:Akita
483:Kyoto
475:Osaka
471:Japan
356:Japan
315:Hanja
248:Hanja
163:Doju,
135:Style
111:Daegu
2075:Aiki
1388:ISBN
1290:ISBN
906:and
620:farm
425:doju
160:Rank
77:Died
54:Born
26:Choi
1056:황종연
1038:유병돈
1027:서인선
1018:김정윤
1005:문종원
992:임현수
978:원광화
966:김정수
953:김무홍
935:명광식
919:오세림
899:명재남
887:김용진
874:권태만
854:지한재
842:서복섭
696:박정환
686:김윤상
673:김정윤
648:서인혁
638:이주방
629:지한재
615:문종원
609:김무홍
440:창시자
407:유권술
401:야와라
389:서복섭
343:合氣道
337:합기도
320:崔龍述
310:최용술
239:최용술
2136::
1746:.
1727:.
1657:.
1636:.
1607:^
1587:^
1565:^
1533:.
1448:.
1433:^
1417:.
1415:77
1413:,
1402:^
1346:^
1322:^
1304:^
1253:^
1239:.
1213:^
1067:,
1030:;)
1012:)
960:)
865:)
516:.
447:,
430:도주
420:.
395:유술
350:,
69:,
1889:e
1882:t
1875:v
1428:.
1396:.
1368:.
1341:.
1298:.
989:(
975:(
950:(
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932:(
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916:(
910:)
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871:(
851:(
839:(
683:(
626:(
606:(
590:(
437:(
427:(
386:(
334:(
303:(
262:述
259:龍
256:崔
141:,
62:)
58:(
29:.
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