Knowledge (XXG)

Cholón language

Source 📝

1939: 625: 1927: 606: 1934: 1965: 1917: 1922: 1825: 1384: 584: 1772: 599: 619: 566: 1970: 1333: 615: 1792: 1197: 592: 1747: 215:
used to transcribe Cholon, its sound inventory is uncertain. The following is an attempt at interpreting them (Adelaar 2004:464).
1757: 655: 1944: 1812: 877: 126: 1101: 1767: 1762: 1577: 1186: 1866: 1490: 1797: 1777: 1712: 1752: 1236: 71: 1787: 1737: 1301: 896: 1901: 1742: 1628: 1543: 1306: 1086: 983: 1727: 1702: 1697: 1252: 136: 200: 1732: 715: 1886: 1846: 1722: 1717: 1707: 1692: 1230: 1158: 1002: 938: 916: 881: 352: 347: 342: 330: 325: 320: 304: 299: 287: 282: 275: 270: 258: 253: 248: 243: 212: 461: 380:. That is, one used different forms for "you" depending on whether one was speaking to a man or a woman: 1896: 1876: 1861: 1820: 1782: 1567: 1519: 1404: 1131: 1061: 998: 1343: 817: 682: 1871: 1851: 1653: 1587: 1448: 1392: 1241: 964: 824: 193: 1891: 1856: 1830: 1348: 1323: 1216: 1152: 1108: 1057: 1047: 890: 742: 700: 1644: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1582: 1524: 1436: 1409: 1311: 1294: 1165: 1141: 1096: 1079: 1042: 1037: 852: 735: 695: 644: 377: 373: 1462: 859: 838: 705: 199:
The language was previously thought to be extinct but a native speaker was discovered in 2021.
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Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos:
483: 1687: 1666: 1549: 1512: 1476: 970: 956: 932: 925: 466: 189: 185: 181: 43: 116: 1959: 1455: 1398: 1358: 534:"Pérez Valderrama, Martha | The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America" 866: 508: 513: 109: 93: 100: 144: 132: 140: 507:
Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019).
484:"Cholon | The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America" 588: 143:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
203:
is believed to be the last remaining speaker of Cholón.
364:
The vowels appeared to have been similar to Spanish .
1910: 1839: 1811: 1680: 1642: 1566: 1500: 1383: 1322: 1215: 1175: 1129: 1056: 996: 954: 876: 764: 681: 654: 634: 107: 91: 86: 60: 50: 39: 31: 21: 465: 468:Classification of South American Indian languages 600: 8: 372:Cholon distinguishes masculine and feminine 951: 678: 651: 607: 593: 585: 472:. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center. 441:'what did you say?' (speaking to a woman) 18: 616:Indigenous language families and isolates 431:'what did you say?' (speaking to a man) 382: 217: 453: 137:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 1966:Indigenous languages of South America 7: 421:'your house' (speaking to a woman) 14: 411:'your house' (speaking to a man) 561:. Cambridge University Press. 56:Only one native speaker (2021) 1: 337: 313: 292: 265: 238: 211:Due to the amateur Spanish 1987: 1334:Arawan–Harákmbut–Katukinan 559:The Languages of the Andes 518:(22nd ed.). Dallas: 123: 26: 557:Adelaar, Willem (2004). 516:: Languages of the World 1971:Hibito–Cholon languages 213:pronunciation spellings 201:Martha Pérez Valderrama 1935:Unclassified languages 125:This article contains 1505:, Bolivia, and Chile) 1326:(west-central Brazil) 176:. It was spoken near 575:Fabre, Alain. 2005. 1928:Marañón River basin 1793:Tequiraca–Canichana 1773:Maya–Yunga–Chipayan 1748:Esmeralda–Yaruroan 1681:Proposed groupings 635:Language families 374:grammatical gender 194:San Martín regions 1953: 1952: 1923:Extinct languages 1676: 1675: 992: 991: 760: 759: 629: 568:978-0-521-36275-7 520:SIL International 462:Loukotka, Čestmír 445: 444: 362: 361: 164:), also known as 151: 150: 133:rendering support 129:phonetic symbols. 1978: 1945:Linguistic areas 1813:Linguistic areas 1355:? Mura–Matanawí 1102:Andoque–Urequena 952: 679: 652: 623: 609: 602: 595: 586: 572: 549: 548: 546: 544: 538:ailla.utexas.org 530: 524: 523: 509:"Peru languages" 504: 498: 497: 495: 494: 488:ailla.utexas.org 480: 474: 473: 471: 458: 383: 354: 349: 344: 332: 327: 322: 306: 301: 289: 284: 277: 272: 260: 255: 250: 245: 218: 184:to Valle in the 174:language of Peru 119: 103: 96: 66: 19: 16:Language of Peru 1986: 1985: 1981: 1980: 1979: 1977: 1976: 1975: 1956: 1955: 1954: 1949: 1906: 1835: 1807: 1768:Mataco–Guaicuru 1763:Katembri–Taruma 1728:Macro-Puinavean 1713:Macro-Otomákoan 1672: 1638: 1578:Mataco–Guaicuru 1562: 1496: 1379: 1318: 1211: 1187:Sechura–Catacao 1176:Pacific coast ( 1171: 1130:Pacific coast ( 1125: 1052: 988: 950: 872: 756: 677: 650: 636: 630: 628:classification) 622: 613: 569: 556: 553: 552: 542: 540: 532: 531: 527: 506: 505: 501: 492: 490: 482: 481: 477: 460: 459: 455: 450: 370: 209: 131:Without proper 115: 99: 92: 82: 67: 64:Language family 62: 53: 52:Native speakers 17: 12: 11: 5: 1984: 1982: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1958: 1957: 1951: 1950: 1948: 1947: 1942: 1940:Classification 1937: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1920: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1834: 1833: 1828: 1826:Mamoré–Guaporé 1823: 1817: 1815: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1805: 1800: 1798:Wamo–Chapakura 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1778:Moseten–Chonan 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1703:Macro-Chibchan 1700: 1698:Macro-Arawakan 1695: 1690: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1670: 1663: 1656: 1650: 1648: 1640: 1639: 1637: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1605: 1604: 1597: 1590: 1585: 1573: 1571: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1560: 1553: 1546: 1541: 1534: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1516: 1508: 1506: 1498: 1497: 1495: 1494: 1487: 1480: 1473: 1466: 1459: 1452: 1445: 1440: 1433: 1426: 1419: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1395: 1389: 1387: 1385:Mamoré–Guaporé 1381: 1380: 1378: 1377: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1361: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1329: 1327: 1320: 1319: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1314: 1309: 1298: 1291: 1284: 1277: 1270: 1263: 1256: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1226: 1224: 1213: 1212: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1200: 1189: 1183: 1181: 1173: 1172: 1170: 1169: 1162: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1137: 1135: 1127: 1126: 1124: 1123: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1083: 1075: 1073: 1054: 1053: 1051: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1023: 1016: 1008: 1006: 994: 993: 990: 989: 987: 986: 981: 974: 967: 961: 959: 949: 948: 941: 936: 929: 922: 921: 920: 913: 906: 893: 887: 885: 874: 873: 871: 870: 863: 856: 849: 842: 835: 828: 821: 814: 807: 800: 793: 786: 779: 774: 768: 766: 765:Eastern Brazil 762: 761: 758: 757: 755: 754: 746: 739: 732: 725: 718: 713: 708: 703: 698: 693: 687: 685: 676: 675: 668: 660: 658: 649: 648: 640: 638: 632: 631: 614: 612: 611: 604: 597: 589: 583: 582: 573: 567: 551: 550: 525: 499: 475: 452: 451: 449: 446: 443: 442: 439: 433: 432: 429: 423: 422: 419: 413: 412: 409: 403: 402: 399: 393: 392: 389: 369: 366: 360: 359: 357: 355: 350: 345: 340: 336: 335: 333: 328: 323: 318: 316: 312: 311: 309: 307: 302: 297: 295: 291: 290: 285: 280: 278: 273: 268: 264: 263: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 237: 236: 233: 230: 227: 224: 221: 208: 205: 186:Huallaga River 162:lengua cholona 149: 148: 135:, you may see 121: 120: 113: 105: 104: 97: 89: 88: 87:Language codes 84: 83: 81: 80: 70: 68: 61: 58: 57: 54: 51: 48: 47: 44:Huallaga River 41: 37: 36: 33: 32:Native to 29: 28: 24: 23: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1983: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1961: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1903: 1902:French Guiana 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1758:Je–Tupi–Carib 1756: 1754: 1753:Hibito–Cholon 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1733:Macro-Warpean 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1669: 1668: 1664: 1662: 1661: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1641: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1596: 1595: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1552: 1551: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1499: 1493: 1492: 1488: 1486: 1485: 1481: 1479: 1478: 1474: 1472: 1471: 1467: 1465: 1464: 1460: 1458: 1457: 1453: 1451: 1450: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1438: 1434: 1432: 1431: 1427: 1425: 1424: 1420: 1418: 1417: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1366: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1299: 1297: 1296: 1292: 1290: 1289: 1285: 1283: 1282: 1278: 1276: 1275: 1271: 1269: 1268: 1264: 1262: 1261: 1257: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1237:Hibito–Cholon 1235: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1206: 1205: 1201: 1199: 1198:Cañari–Puruhá 1196: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1174: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1160: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1128: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1082: 1081: 1077: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1028: 1024: 1022: 1021: 1017: 1015: 1014: 1010: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1000: 995: 985: 982: 980: 979: 975: 973: 972: 968: 966: 963: 962: 960: 958: 953: 947: 946: 942: 940: 937: 935: 934: 930: 928: 927: 923: 919: 918: 914: 912: 911: 907: 905: 904: 900: 899: 898: 894: 892: 889: 888: 886: 883: 879: 875: 869: 868: 864: 862: 861: 857: 855: 854: 850: 848: 847: 843: 841: 840: 836: 834: 833: 829: 827: 826: 822: 820: 819: 815: 813: 812: 808: 806: 805: 801: 799: 798: 794: 792: 791: 787: 785: 784: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 769: 767: 763: 753: 752: 747: 745: 744: 740: 738: 737: 733: 731: 730: 726: 724: 723: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 688: 686: 684: 680: 674: 673: 669: 667: 666: 662: 661: 659: 657: 656:Je–Tupi–Carib 653: 647: 646: 642: 641: 639: 633: 627: 626:Campbell 2012 621: 620:South America 617: 610: 605: 603: 598: 596: 591: 590: 587: 581: 580: 574: 570: 564: 560: 555: 554: 539: 535: 529: 526: 521: 517: 515: 510: 503: 500: 489: 485: 479: 476: 470: 469: 463: 457: 454: 447: 440: 438: 435: 434: 430: 428: 425: 424: 420: 418: 415: 414: 410: 408: 405: 404: 400: 398: 395: 394: 390: 388: 385: 384: 381: 379: 378:second person 375: 367: 365: 358: 356: 351: 346: 341: 338: 334: 329: 324: 319: 317: 314: 310: 308: 303: 298: 296: 293: 286: 281: 279: 274: 269: 266: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 239: 234: 231: 228: 225: 222: 220: 219: 216: 214: 206: 204: 202: 197: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 128: 122: 118: 114: 112: 111: 106: 102: 98: 95: 90: 85: 79: 76: 75: 73: 72:Hibito–Cholon 69: 65: 59: 55: 49: 45: 42: 38: 34: 30: 25: 20: 1788:Saparo–Yawan 1738:Arutani–Sape 1723:Macro-Panoan 1718:Macro-Paesan 1708:Macro-Jibaro 1693:Macro-Andean 1665: 1658: 1629:Lule–Vilelan 1599: 1592: 1555: 1548: 1536: 1511: 1489: 1482: 1475: 1468: 1461: 1454: 1447: 1435: 1428: 1421: 1414: 1397: 1372: 1363: 1302:Saparo–Yawan 1293: 1286: 1279: 1272: 1265: 1258: 1251: 1231:Pano–Tacanan 1229: 1202: 1164: 1157: 1140: 1134:and Ecuador) 1118: 1078: 1025: 1018: 1011: 976: 969: 943: 931: 924: 915: 908: 901: 897:Arutani–Sape 865: 858: 851: 844: 837: 830: 823: 816: 809: 802: 795: 788: 781: 749: 741: 734: 727: 720: 670: 663: 643: 637:and isolates 576: 558: 541:. Retrieved 537: 528: 512: 502: 491:. Retrieved 487: 478: 467: 456: 436: 426: 416: 406: 396: 386: 371: 363: 339:Approximant 210: 198: 169: 165: 161: 153: 152: 124: 108: 77: 1783:Quechumaran 1743:Bora–Witoto 1643:Far South ( 1544:Uru–Chipaya 1520:Quechumaran 1405:Nambikwaran 1087:Bora–Witoto 984:Ticuna–Yuri 401:'my house' 182:Tingo María 170:Tsinganeses 139:instead of 1960:Categories 1654:Qawasqaran 1588:Guaicuruan 1557:Mapudungun 1393:Chapacuran 1307:Peba–Yagua 1242:Cahuapanan 1159:Yurumanguí 743:Chiquitano 716:Maxakalian 624:(based on 543:9 February 514:Ethnologue 493:2024-02-09 448:References 315:Fricative 294:Affricate 188:valley of 1918:Languages 1887:Venezuela 1847:Argentina 1840:Countries 1831:Amazonian 1443:Mosetenan 1437:Canichana 1349:Katukinan 1344:Harákmbut 1295:Tequiraca 1166:Esmeralda 1153:Barbacoan 1109:Guajiboan 1048:Jirajaran 1003:Venezuela 939:Otomacoan 891:Yanomaman 882:Venezuela 818:Pankararú 736:Rikbaktsá 226:Alveolar 207:Phonology 110:Glottolog 94:ISO 639-3 1897:Suriname 1877:Paraguay 1862:Colombia 1624:Huarpean 1619:Charruan 1614:Zamucoan 1609:Mascoyan 1583:Matacoan 1525:Quechuan 1449:Yuracaré 1416:Cayubaba 1410:Bororoan 1365:Matanawí 1312:Zaparoan 1281:Taushiro 1253:Candoshi 1247:Jivaroan 1142:Chibchan 1132:Colombia 1097:Witotoan 1080:Tucanoan 1062:Colombia 1043:Timotean 1038:Tiniguan 999:Colombia 825:Tarairiú 804:Katembri 772:Karirian 711:Krenakan 696:Jabutian 683:Macro-Jê 645:Arawakan 464:(1968). 437:intʃampa 427:intʃamma 391:'house' 267:Plosive 235:Glottal 229:Palatal 172:, is a 145:Help:IPA 117:chol1284 74: ? 1872:Ecuador 1852:Bolivia 1803:Amerind 1601:Payaguá 1570:–Pampas 1538:Puquina 1530:Aymaran 1501:Andes ( 1484:Irantxe 1423:Itonama 1288:Urarina 1274:Waorani 1267:Munichi 1260:Omurano 1204:Mochica 1193:Chimuan 1148:Chocoan 1120:Puinave 1114:Nadahup 1027:Andaquí 997:Andes ( 965:Sáliban 903:Arutani 878:Orinoco 665:Cariban 579:Cholón 417:piktsok 407:miktsok 376:in the 368:Grammar 223:Labial 190:Huanuco 180:, from 166:Seeptsá 158:Spanish 141:Unicode 27:Seeptsá 1892:Guyana 1857:Brazil 1660:Yaghan 1634:Chonan 1594:Guachí 1463:Aikanã 1430:Movima 1374:Trumai 1339:Arawan 1324:Amazon 1217:Amazon 1070:Vaupés 1066:Japurá 1058:Amazon 1033:Paezan 945:Yaruro 853:Xukurú 797:Baenan 790:Gamela 783:Taruma 777:Purían 706:Karajá 701:Kamakã 672:Tupian 565:  397:aktsok 387:katsok 240:Nasal 232:Velar 178:Uchiza 154:Cholón 78:Cholón 46:valley 40:Region 22:Cholón 1911:Lists 1867:Chile 1821:Chaco 1667:Chono 1645:Chile 1568:Chaco 1550:Kunza 1513:Culle 1491:Arara 1477:Kwazá 1470:Kanoê 1359:Muran 1092:Boran 1072:area) 1020:Camsá 1013:Cofán 971:Betoi 933:Guamo 926:Warao 839:Wamoé 751:Guató 729:Ofayé 722:Jaikó 1882:Peru 1688:Duho 1503:Peru 1456:Leco 1399:Mure 1221:Peru 1178:Peru 1001:and 978:Hodï 957:Duho 917:Máku 910:Sapé 860:Yaté 846:Xokó 832:Tuxá 811:Natú 563:ISBN 545:2024 192:and 168:and 35:Peru 867:Otí 618:of 353:ʎ,j 127:IPA 101:cht 1962:: 1576:? 1518:? 1332:? 1300:? 1191:? 1085:? 1064:, 955:? 895:? 748:? 691:Jê 536:. 511:. 486:. 305:tʃ 300:ts 196:. 160:: 1647:) 1223:) 1219:( 1180:) 1068:– 1060:( 1005:) 884:) 880:( 608:e 601:t 594:v 571:. 547:. 522:. 496:. 348:l 343:w 331:h 326:ʃ 321:s 288:ʔ 283:k 276:t 271:p 259:ŋ 254:ɲ 249:n 244:m 156:( 147:.

Index

Huallaga River
Language family
Hibito–Cholon
ISO 639-3
cht
Glottolog
chol1284
IPA
rendering support
question marks, boxes, or other symbols
Unicode
Help:IPA
Spanish
language of Peru
Uchiza
Tingo María
Huallaga River
Huanuco
San Martín regions
Martha Pérez Valderrama
pronunciation spellings
grammatical gender
second person
Loukotka, Čestmír
Classification of South American Indian languages
"Cholon | The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America"
"Peru languages"
Ethnologue
SIL International
"Pérez Valderrama, Martha | The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America"

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