296:
48:
865:
176:
55:
840:
After the
Keremeos school opened, Similkameen student numbers dwindled. For lengthy periods, the school was not open, either unable to attract a minimum number of pupils or a teacher. However, an assumption that the school finally closed in 1916, when the Cawston school was established, is incorrect,
288:
47 hectares (117 acres) across several reserves for a right-of-way in 1905. The next year, the band chief complained the expropriation assessment grossly undervalued the land. Local rancher R.C. Armstrong supported the complaint. However, a review did not change the original compensation package. The
793:
Prior to the erection of the
Armstrong rail bridge in 1907, the Armstrong family operated a ferry for many years. In 1931, the present Chopaka Road bridge was planned. Unclear is whether pedestrians had used the rail bridge up to this time or the public Chopaka bridge, known to exist at least during
848:
In 1935, the former schoolhouse burned down. In 1939, the post office closed. By this time, Similkameen ceased to be mentioned as a place. The McCurdy
Private Cemetery, on the former McCurdy property, includes internments of non-family residents. The abandoned McCurdy cabin, once known as the first
829:
If not already more narrowly defined as a location, government funding for the
Similkameen school construction made it more precise by the early 1890s. The one room 7-by-11-metre (24 by 36 ft) school was built about 1.6 kilometres (1 mi) north of the settlement on the southern boundary of
830:
the McCurdy ranch. School was held in the McCurdy cabin for three months from
September 1892, because the schoolhouse was not finished. R.C. Armstrong's ranch, 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Keremeos, formed the southern boundary of the Similkameen school district. By 1897, a sawmill existed.
343:(GN) owned the VV&E. The westward advance of the VV&E rail head reached the border at Chopaka in mid-April 1907 and the Armstrong crossing at month end. The rail bridge was 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) upstream from the present Chopaka Road bridge. That May, a locomotive crossed on the bridge
347:
and tracklaying resumed on the other side. Days later, high water took out part of the falsework. In August, temporary work was completed, then partially damaged by fire, and then repaired. Finished in
September, the permanent bridge, which was about 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of the border,
317:
submitted that the VV&E had paid inadequate compensation and that the abandoned right-of-way should revert to reserve status. The next year, the claim was rejected. In 2003, an enquiry into this rejection began. In 2008, the
Commission determined the assessment per acre was grossly
797:
To address the predicament when high water made crossing the river impractical, a road was constructed in 1911 on the west shore to the border, which provided the
Armstong family and other residents with an outlet. The reconstruction and paving of
318:
disproportionate to non-reserve lands and recommended adequate compensation be negotiated. Since the VV&E easement terminated no later than 1985, the
Commission recommended that this strip be legally restored to being fully reserve land.
825:
Bob
Stevenson, a miner arrived in 1860 but soon moved on. He turned over his land to Daniel McCurdy and his family, who came about 1885. That year, R.C. Armstrong settled on lands directly abutting the Lower Similkameen reserves.
805:
The wooden howe truss that underwent extensive repairs in 1956–57 was assumedly the present bridge. In 1964–65, the highway was paved. Through traffic to Osoyoos was restored in 1965 with the completion of the highway over
265:
The establishment of the international border in 1846 created a barrier within a traditional territory. The Similkameen River mouth (in the US) was an important winter village site for the Okanagans (living in Canada).
844:
Similkameen was also one of the earliest border outposts in the interior and Daniel McCurdy was for four years customs officer in the 1910s. By that time, the Armstrong family operated a significant sheep ranch.
2298:
1211:
310:
By the 1960s, a locked gated blocked the former cross-border road beside the railway track. Formerly, locals had moved freely both ways across the border without encountering any bureaucracy.
146:
2388:
295:
841:
because 12 pupils were still enrolled in 1918–19. To not have contravened government policy at the time, the few First Nations children who attended may have been mixed race.
47:
1152:
328:
In 2015, the new administrative and community building for the Lower Similkameen Band opened on the hillside in the vicinity of the former Similkameen train station.
1566:
1482:
2393:
169:
141:
254:
Incidents of genocidal tribal warfare occurred in the South Similkameen during the early 1700s. The Okanagan-speaking peoples progressively replaced the
77:
281:
1734:
1713:
1692:
1671:
1650:
1629:
1545:
1461:
1608:
1587:
889:
1524:
1503:
207:
234:, which dominates the area. The word is the anglicized version of "c̓up̓áq̓", which can mean "sticking out mountain". According to legend,
1250:
2131:
2091:
117:
292:
The absence of an indigenous school suggests generations were never schooled or attended a church boarding school in Washington State.
819:
1755:
1154:"The Meaning of This Boundary Line": Indigenous Communities and the Canada-United States Border on the Columbia Plateau, 1850s–1930s
833:
Daniel McCurdy was the inaugural postmaster 1906–1919. The Similkameen post office was about 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi) south of
274:
1232:
199:
238:
turned an indigenous hunter by this name into stone or the mountain represents a transformed maiden. Another translation is
340:
314:
2185:
162:
2005:
1826:
1815:
799:
219:
215:
1956:
2316:
1938:
1920:
1866:
1388:
211:
179:
2280:
2226:
1406:
1848:
1370:
834:
2244:
2033:
1837:
1334:
1316:
1298:
325:
staged a protest, cutting the barbed wire in this locality and making a symbolic crossing of the boundary line.
2113:
2070:
1280:
818:
This section is about the former south Similkameen community. For the former middle Similkameen community, see
153:
2215:
2052:
1884:
1440:
2167:
2149:
1352:
2367:
1975:
1797:
1049:
979:
941:
322:
1085:
960:
270:
920:
1902:
790:
passed through the area. A wagon road later followed the east shore of the river toward the border.
191:
134:
802:
north from Keremeos, which was completed in 1948, largely diverted traffic away from Similkameen.
2368:
Lower Similkameen Indian Band, Vancouver, Victoria and Eastern Railway Right of Way Inquiry Panel
877:
235:
2339:
2352:
280:
In 1890, a new RC church was built. The reserves were surveyed in 1889 and listed in 1902. The
255:
203:
129:
1779:
1050:"Okanagan Historical Society: The Establishment of St Anne's (Catholic) Church in Penticton"
331:
In 2021, the serviceable Chopaka church burned to the ground in a suspected arson incident.
231:
195:
122:
63:
269:
In late 1870s or early 1880s, a Roman Catholic (RC) church was built at Chopaka. In 1878,
2262:
2398:
285:
273:
set aside the land for the reserves, which were amended and increased by his successor
259:
321:
In 2009, when the requirement to have a passport to cross the border was implemented,
2382:
783:
158:
915:
807:
375:
243:
1086:"Okanagan Historical Society: The Sacred Heart Indian Catholic Church at Chopaka"
368:
track, unused since the Armstrong bridge washout in 1972, was abandoned in 1985.
230:"Chopaka" (pronounced like tobacco) signifies "lofty" or "grand" and refers to
2354:
A history of the Okanagan: Indians and whites in the settlement era, 1860–1920
349:
92:
79:
344:
239:
849:
Lower Similkameen school, is now considered to be within the Chopaka area.
365:
348:
comprised two 26.7-metre (87.5 ft) and one 45.7-metre (150 ft)
304:
17:
214:, the locality is by road about 96 kilometres (60 mi) southeast of
787:
289:
railway construction included moving the church from the right-of-way.
1441:"Okanagan Historical Society: Vancouver, Victoria and Eastern Railway"
358:
In 1936, the wooden rail bridge was destroyed by fire and rebuilt.
1780:"Okanagan Historical Society: Opening of the Richter Pass Highway"
294:
961:"Okanagan Historical Society: Okanagan-Similkameen Place Names"
2053:"Okanagan Historical Society: Pioneer Days in the Similkameen"
2034:"Okanagan Historical Society: Second Lower Similkameen School"
1019:
1017:
277:
in the 1880s. The border ones are called Chopaka 7 and 8.
1992:
1423:
1267:
1198:
1186:
1174:
1138:
1126:
1114:
1102:
1066:
837:. The Chopaka post office operated March–October 1908.
1816:
Commissioner of Land and Works annual report, 1902–03
307:, and priest accommodation were added to the church.
202:, the population centre is on the west shore of the
980:"Okanagan Historical Society: Okanagan Place Names"
168:
152:
140:
128:
116:
108:
34:
2114:"Okanagan Historical Society: Christopher Tickell"
1976:"Okanagan Historical Society: Keremeos Chronicles"
299:Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church, Chopaka, 2021
2299:"Sylvester McLean at the School house in Chopaka"
54:
246:and the word may also refer to the pipe itself.
1867:Minister of Public Works annual report, 1916–17
262:peoples during the later part of that century.
2389:Unincorporated settlements in British Columbia
1371:"Phoenix Pioneer and Boundary Mining Journal"
355:In 1923, the GN built a barn at the station.
8:
1939:Minister of Highways annual report, 1964–65
1921:Minister of Highways annual report, 1956–57
773:. This station was initially called Delmar.
1008:
996:
31:
2006:Estimate of Revenue and Receipts, 1891–92
1189:, pp. 7, 61–63, 86 (vii, 53–55, 78).
2107:
2105:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1434:
1432:
1079:
1077:
1075:
370:
361:Passenger services ceased in the 1950s.
218:and 75 kilometres (47 mi) south of
2202:
1456:
1454:
1035:
1023:
935:
933:
931:
907:
282:Vancouver, Victoria and Eastern Railway
167:
151:
107:
72:
40:
942:"Okanagan Historical Society: Chopaka"
190:is an unincorporated community in the
2366:Indian Claims Commission (Feb 2008).
2186:Public Schools annual report, 1918–19
2086:
2084:
374:GN Train Timetables (Regular stop or
139:
127:
115:
7:
878:"AA Official motorist's guide of BC"
814:Former Similkameen general community
2394:Populated places in the Similkameen
820:Similkameen City, British Columbia
25:
2192:(Report). p. 202 (Alxxviii).
208:Nighthawk–Chopaka Border Crossing
29:Place in British Columbia, Canada
794:the 1910s, was in the vicinity.
174:
53:
46:
2351:Thomson, Duncan Duane (1985).
1439:Liddicoat, Wallace L. (2001).
1084:Sismey, Eric D. (1 Nov 1970).
1048:Maisonville, Georgina (1948).
768:
303:In 1923, a cement foundation,
1:
2112:Dewdney, Kathleen S. (1975).
1993:Indian Claims Commission 2008
1778:Dewdney, Kathleen S. (1965).
1424:Indian Claims Commission 2008
1268:Indian Claims Commission 2008
1199:Indian Claims Commission 2008
1187:Indian Claims Commission 2008
1175:Indian Claims Commission 2008
1139:Indian Claims Commission 2008
1127:Indian Claims Commission 2008
1115:Indian Claims Commission 2008
1103:Indian Claims Commission 2008
1067:Indian Claims Commission 2008
2338:Goodfellow, John C. (1958).
959:Derickson, Delphine (2012).
2092:"Postmasters (Similkameen)"
2032:Wilis, Grant (1 Nov 1973).
2012:(Report). p. 21 (461).
1201:, pp. 78, 86 (70, 78).
242:, which was used in making
200:Canada–United States border
198:. Immediately north of the
2415:
2340:"The Story of Similkameen"
2263:"McCurdy Private Cemetery"
1762:. 27 Oct 1907. p. 30.
1576:. 18 Jan 1925. p. 11.
1105:, pp. 13, 62 (5, 54).
817:
373:
2323:. 13 Sep 1918. p. 6.
2287:. 24 Dec 1936. p. 1.
2251:. 26 Sep 1919. p. 1.
2233:. 18 Jun 1931. p. 1.
2174:. 22 Aug 1907. p. 1.
2156:. 17 May 1906. p. 2.
1891:. 27 Apr 1911. p. 4.
1855:. 29 Jan 1931. p. 6.
1844:. 29 Nov 1906. p. 1.
1804:. 21 Mar 1907. p. 1.
1742:www.gn-npjointarchive.org
1721:www.gn-npjointarchive.org
1700:www.gn-npjointarchive.org
1681:. 26 May 1946. p. 8.
1679:www.gn-npjointarchive.org
1660:. 27 Sep 1942. p. 8.
1658:www.gn-npjointarchive.org
1639:. 28 Jun 1942. p. 8.
1637:www.gn-npjointarchive.org
1618:. 29 Mar 1931. p. 5.
1616:www.gn-npjointarchive.org
1597:. 17 Jun 1928. p. 7.
1595:www.gn-npjointarchive.org
1574:www.gn-npjointarchive.org
1555:. 1 Oct 1922. p. 11.
1553:www.gn-npjointarchive.org
1534:. 14 May 1916. p. 7.
1532:www.gn-npjointarchive.org
1511:www.gn-npjointarchive.org
1492:. 23 Dec 1909. p. 2.
1490:www.gn-npjointarchive.org
1471:. 15 Nov 1936. p. 6.
1469:www.gn-npjointarchive.org
1413:. 31 Dec 1936. p. 1.
1395:. 26 Oct 1923. p. 4.
1377:. 31 Aug 1907. p. 4.
1359:. 29 Aug 1907. p. 1.
1341:. 23 May 1907. p. 1.
1323:. 16 May 1907. p. 1.
1287:. 11 Apr 1907. p. 1.
1177:, pp. 5, 29 (v, 21).
1164:(PhD). p. 269 (258).
73:
41:
2222:. 6 Apr 1916. p. 2.
1963:. 1 Dec 1922. p. 1.
1827:Public Accounts, 1906–07
1744:. 1 Jul 1967. p. 6.
1723:. 4 Dec 1955. p. 4.
1702:. 3 Jun 1951. p. 4.
1513:. 9 Mar 1913. p. 7.
1305:. 2 May 1907. p. 1.
1233:"Conservation Northwest"
1221:. 7 Jul 2009. p. 1.
194:region of south central
2303:www.communitystories.ca
2132:"Postmasters (Chopaka)"
1974:Manery, Sam B. (1948).
1833:(Report). p. B137.
1822:(Report). p. E101.
1141:, pp. 15–16 (7–8).
861:Okanagan Circuit, 1918.
858:VV&E rail line map.
62:Location of Chopaka in
1982:: 118, 120 (116, 118).
1945:(Report). p. C32.
1927:(Report). p. J51.
1907:www.keremeosreview.com
1873:(Report). p. B14.
1151:Loza, Patrick (2019).
341:Great Northern Railway
315:Lower Similkameen Band
300:
271:Gilbert Malcolm Sproat
210:lies to the east. Off
93:48.99972°N 119.71778°W
2372:central.bac-lac.gc.ca
978:Harvey, A.G. (1948).
921:BC Geographical Names
890:"Standard Oil BC map"
866:"Rand McNally BC map"
298:
2205:, p. 111 (104).
2040:: 119–121 (117–119).
948:: 114–115 (110–111).
940:Briley, Ann (1964).
916:"Chopaka (locality)"
147:Okanagan-Similkameen
98:48.99972; -119.71778
2138:. 25 November 2016.
2098:. 25 November 2016.
2071:"1897 BC Directory"
2051:Daly, E.M. (1963).
894:www.davidrumsey.com
884:. 1931. p. 50.
870:www.davidrumsey.com
163:778, 236, & 672
135:Similkameen Country
89: /
2281:"Similkameen Star"
1995:, p. 46 (38).
1445:www.library.ubc.ca
1426:, p. 66 (58).
1407:"Similkameen Star"
1237:conservationnw.org
1162:lib.washington.edu
1038:, p. 28 (21).
1026:, p. 27 (20).
1011:, p. 25 (19).
999:, p. 22 (16).
301:
2136:www.bac-lac.gc.ca
2096:www.bac-lac.gc.ca
1903:"Keremeos Review"
1219:tribaltribune.com
1129:, p. 15 (7).
1117:, p. 14 (6).
1069:, p. 13 (5).
763:
762:
204:Similkameen River
185:
184:
142:Regional District
16:(Redirected from
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2168:"Hedley Gazette"
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1957:"Princeton Star"
1953:
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1885:"Hedley Gazette"
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1849:"Princeton Star"
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1838:"Hedley Gazette"
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1812:
1806:
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1798:"Hedley Gazette"
1794:
1788:
1787:
1786:: 78–79 (76–77).
1775:
1764:
1763:
1756:"Daily Colonist"
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1447:: 92–93 (90–91).
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1396:
1389:"Princeton Star"
1385:
1379:
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1353:"Hedley Gazette"
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1335:"Hedley Gazette"
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1317:"Hedley Gazette"
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1306:
1299:"Hedley Gazette"
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1289:
1288:
1281:"Hedley Gazette"
1277:
1271:
1270:, p. 9 (1).
1265:
1259:
1258:
1255:vancouversun.com
1247:
1241:
1240:
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1212:"Tribal Tribune"
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232:Chopaka Mountain
196:British Columbia
178:
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123:British Columbia
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64:British Columbia
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778:Ferry and roads
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323:First Nations
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311:
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250:First Nations
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74:Coordinates:
65:
49:
33:
27:
19:
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2267:rootsweb.com
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2203:Thomson 1985
2198:
2189:
2180:
2171:
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2153:
2144:
2135:
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2074:
2065:
2059:: 138 (134).
2056:
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2037:
2009:
2000:
1988:
1979:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1924:
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1122:
1110:
1098:
1089:
1062:
1056:: 148 (144).
1053:
1043:
1036:Thomson 1985
1031:
1024:Thomson 1985
1004:
992:
986:: 202 (200).
983:
973:
964:
954:
945:
919:
910:
893:
881:
869:
847:
843:
839:
832:
828:
824:
808:Richter Pass
804:
796:
792:
781:
767:
764:
612:
562:Similkameen,
561:
363:
360:
357:
354:
350:howe trusses
338:
330:
327:
320:
312:
309:
302:
291:
286:expropriated
279:
268:
264:
253:
229:
212:BC Highway 3
187:
186:
26:
1760:archive.org
1735:"Timetable"
1714:"Timetable"
1693:"Timetable"
1672:"Timetable"
1651:"Timetable"
1630:"Timetable"
1609:"Timetable"
1588:"Timetable"
1567:"Timetable"
1546:"Timetable"
1525:"Timetable"
1504:"Timetable"
1483:"Timetable"
1462:"Timetable"
613:Chopaka, WA
364:The border–
284:(VV&E)
226:Name origin
192:Similkameen
96: /
84:119°43′04″W
2383:Categories
2332:References
2120:: 86 (84).
1092:: 31 (29).
967:: 39 (37).
154:Area codes
81:48°59′59″N
2374:(Report).
902:Footnotes
663:Nighthawk
376:Flag stop
345:falsework
240:soapstone
220:Penticton
216:Princeton
18:Chopaka 7
712:Oroville
466:Keremeos
366:Keremeos
305:sacristy
260:Thompson
118:Province
896:. 1937.
872:. 1925.
835:Cawston
788:Osoyoos
515:Cawston
335:Railway
188:Chopaka
170:Highway
109:Country
36:Chopaka
2361:(PhD).
716:
564:
256:Stuwix
236:Coyote
206:. The
130:Region
112:Canada
2399:Syilx
1738:(PDF)
1717:(PDF)
1696:(PDF)
1675:(PDF)
1654:(PDF)
1633:(PDF)
1612:(PDF)
1591:(PDF)
1570:(PDF)
1549:(PDF)
1528:(PDF)
1507:(PDF)
1486:(PDF)
1465:(PDF)
1215:(PDF)
1158:(PDF)
427:1967
244:pipes
853:Maps
782:The
757:Reg.
754:Reg.
751:Reg.
748:Reg.
745:Reg.
742:Reg.
739:Reg.
736:Reg.
733:Reg.
730:Reg.
727:Reg.
724:Reg.
721:Reg.
705:Reg.
702:Reg.
699:Reg.
696:Reg.
693:Reg.
690:Reg.
687:Reg.
684:Reg.
681:Reg.
678:Reg.
675:Reg.
672:Reg.
669:Reg.
666:11.3
656:Reg.
653:Reg.
650:Reg.
647:Reg.
644:Reg.
641:Reg.
638:Reg.
635:Reg.
632:Reg.
629:Reg.
626:Reg.
623:Reg.
620:Reg.
617:21.2
597:Reg.
594:Reg.
591:Reg.
588:Reg.
585:Reg.
582:Reg.
579:Flag
576:Flag
573:Flag
570:30.8
554:Reg.
551:Flag
548:Flag
545:Flag
542:Flag
539:Flag
536:Flag
533:Flag
530:Flag
527:Flag
518:34.2
508:Reg.
505:Reg.
502:Reg.
499:Reg.
496:Reg.
493:Reg.
490:Reg.
487:Reg.
484:Reg.
481:Reg.
478:Reg.
475:Reg.
472:Reg.
469:38.1
424:1955
421:1951
418:1946
415:1942
412:1942
409:1936
406:1931
403:1928
400:1925
397:1922
394:1916
391:1913
388:1909
385:Mile
339:The
258:and
786:to
718:0.0
159:250
2385::
2370:.
2357:.
2342:.
2319:.
2301:.
2283:.
2265:.
2247:.
2229:.
2218:.
2188:.
2170:.
2152:.
2134:.
2116:.
2104:^
2094:.
2083:^
2073:.
2055:.
2036:.
2018:^
2008:.
1978:.
1959:.
1941:.
1923:.
1905:.
1887:.
1869:.
1851:.
1840:.
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1800:.
1782:.
1768:^
1758:.
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1074:^
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769:^a
566:BC
378:)
352:.
222:.
161:,
2346:.
2305:.
2269:.
2077:.
924:.
822:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
