1046:(ISI) attempted to introduce jihad into this area. Local people were confused about their loyalties because they had lived under both Pakistani and Indian control, and some served in the Pakistan Army before India's take-over. Many of them also had relatives across the Line of Control who were subject to intimidation by the ISI. During the Kargil infiltration by Pakistan, some local people were suspected of having assisted the infiltrators. The Indian Army took some of them into custody, but later released them all. The local people are said to be grateful for the consideration shown by the Army and currently support the Army's initiatives such as the
1016:
483:
49:
670:. Above the present day Turtuk stand the ruins of a large fortress built they built. Tradition holds that the Brog-pa Dards were Buddhist and lived under a constant danger of attack from the north, until two warriors from the 'west' called Chulli and Yandrung overran them. The Brog-pas are said to have fled and settled in the Hanu valley. The present day residents of Turtuk are divided into 'Chulli-pa' and 'Yandrung-pa', claiming descent from Chulli and Yandrung.
62:
450:
876:
298:
883:
305:
326:
904:
354:
340:
475:
890:
312:
916:
366:
438:
378:
69:
928:
390:
952:
940:
402:
964:
426:
414:
820:
775:
1039:
parts of
Pakistan before the war, for trade, study or travel, remained on the Pakistani side, never allowed to return home. One member of a divided family reports going to the border carrying a white flag and a letter from the Indian Army, wanting to bring back his family. But he was detained by the Pakistani Army and refused return to home.
1229:, 8 August 2011. Quote: "The Khan of Turtuk, Mohammad Khan Kacho of the Yabgo Dynasty of Chorbat Khaplu, to give him his title in full. His ancestors derived their power and wealth (now sadly reduced) from Turtuk's strategic location on a feeder road of the Silk Route going on to Central Asia via Skardu and Yarkand."
567:. The Chorbat Lungpa and Hanu valleys constituted the main route from Baltistan to Ladakh in the past. The villages in the Hanu valley as well as Dah are fortified, indicating that they experienced raids from Baltistan in the past. Being the main travel route between Baltistan and Leh, the route carried part of the
1552:, pp. 114–115: Quoting a Balti soldier: "Pakistanis were not interested in these areas because they were mountain regions, although India was willing to return the villages . The Pakistani Prime Minister Bhutto negotiated the return of villages in Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Lahore sector but not ours."
1038:
The citizenship of these village residents changed their citizenship from
Pakistan to India overnight. Reports indicate that India treated the villagers well and integrated them into the national mainstream. The Indian Army got special praise in this regard. However, villagers who had gone to other
574:
The main populated areas in
Chorbat are in the Shyok River valley, comprising some 13 villages in present-day Baltistan, and 5 villages in Indian-administered Ladakh. The area is said to have been originally settled by people from Ladakh. At present, the people display a mix of Ladakhi and Balti
1593:: 'The unworldly villager, not knowing the consequences, told them that the Indian soldiers had not harmed them; instead they took good care of villagers. Hearing this, the Pakistani soldiers suspected him of being a spy for the Indian army and imprisoned him for six years.'
1124:
The mountains and surrounding have generally no forests however there are some shrubs and herbs available which are generally used by the local communities as medicinal herbs, there is also a human-made forest of saplings which is the largest forest in the whole district.
1192:, p. 226, note 2: "The precise dividing point from where the Chorbat area can be demarcated is at present not possible. The Chorbat area, during the last three centuries, continuously changed hands between the rulers of Khapalu and Ladakh."
1349:, p. 225: "The total Muslim population is about 2800 and except for a few families at Hundar (Ladakhi) all of their villages lie in the Chorbat area whose cultural belief system shows a mixture of Ladakhi and Balti influences."
765:
for six months each year. The
Chorbat area, during the last three centuries, continuously changed hands between the rulers of Skardo, Khapalu and Ladakh, before coming under the suzerainty of Dogra Kingdom in the mid-19th century.
992:, the region saw some action, but the two countries returned to status quo after the war. However, the Khan of Turtuk, Yagbo Mohammad Khan Kacho, was apparently looted by the Pakistani Army of his throne and other valuables.
1066:(LoC) in the Chorbat La sector and seized about four square miles of Pakistani territory. In 1988, India again crossed the LoC and seized four Pakistani posts in the Qamar sector, which lies between the Chorbat Valley and
1473:: Quoting Col. Mohammad Yusuf of Pakistan Army: "Our intelligence revealed that our repeated attacks in Nubra Valley were foiled by the personal valour of a 17 year old boy named Chhewang Rinchen; had we succeeded at
1209:: "The Chorbat Pass is the boundary of Baltistan in this direction; by this road also used to come Balti raiders, as the remains of a fort at Yogma Hanū prove, which the people of the valley had put up against them."
862:
Under
Pakistani control, Gilgit dominated Baltistan, and both regions were administered as non-descript "Northern Areas" by the Federal government of Pakistan. Chorbat was merged into the Khaplu
1132:
passing nearby the valley is one of the important resources of the area, irrigating the whole land. However the same river sometime creates havoc during summer through its unpredictable floods.
1007:
defending
Chalunka were overpowered and fled to Turtuk. Turtuk was then taken in four days, followed by Tyakshi and Thang. The villagers were frightened at first, but Rinchen put them at ease.
1581:, The Express Tribune, 5 January 2016: "I was told my land and my family were no longer mine," said Gafoor. "I had lost everything but hope to that war; hope for a reunion one day..."
1407:
History of
Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. IV, Part 1 — The age of achievement: A.D. 750 to the end of the fifteenth century — The historical, social and economic setting
1177:
of the wazarat of Skardu. "It extends along the Shyok river from
Chulanka, on the frontier of Ladak, to Dah (or Dau), on the boundary of Khapalu, a distance of 44 miles."'
2779:
1304:
839:, which reportedly blocked various passage routes to Leh. The Gilgit Scouts were progressively pushed back beyond the line connecting the Chorbat La pass and
1319:
1085:
Agriculture is only possible in the Valley is summer due to extremely cold winters, where the temperature drops to minus 10. Crops include beans, maize.
1854:
2010:
1672:
637:; Franu, Siari, Piun, Siksa, Hassanabad, Marcha, Lunkha, and Dawou on the Pakistani side. The folklore includes all these villages in Chorbat.
1804:
1750:
1564:: 'Mohammad is very fond of the Indian army. “I admire the Indian army and all the help they provided us – food, clothes, education. For me,
1522:
1467:
1414:
1088:
Chorbat valley consists of more than 13 villages in
Pakistan and five villages in India. In Pakistan, the villages are Dawou, Marcha, Kuwas,
2784:
1603:
732:
533:
1645:
1630:
711:
In the last three centuries, the
Chorbat area alternately came under the control of Khaplu and Ladakh. Between 1834 and 1840, the
673:
Later, in the 16th–17th centuries, Islamic missionaries came to the area. Traditions narrate the visits of 'Amir Kabir' (possibly
93:
803:
285:
in the 18th century. These two villages (now in Pakistan and India respectively) are the largest villages of the Chorbat region.
61:
1619:
Cheema, Zafar Iqbal (2009). "The strategic context of the Kargil conflict: A Pakistani perspective". In Peter René Lavoy (ed.).
790:, Pakistan launched a tribal invasion of Jammu and Kashmir, which provoked the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir to join India. The
799:
1246:
578:
Geographically, the wide valley of the Shyok river in "Lower Nubra" narrows to a mountain gorge near the Yagulung village (
1015:
482:
678:
1043:
613:, where the valley widens again. A string of villages dot this gorge, wherever possible along the banks of the river:
1847:
1537:
703:
to his son Yagbo Nasir Khan, who came to live in Turtuk. The present headman of Turtuk traces his descent from him.
2789:
2003:
1003:, captured further areas of Chorbat. They first took a 18,620-foot peak overlooking Chalunka. The two companies of
996:
989:
1840:
724:
581:
1578:
1773:
The Realm of the Gods: A Tale of Travel in Kangra, Mandi, Kulu, Chamba, Kishtwar, Kashmir, Ladakh and Baltistan
674:
699:
according to tradition). In the 18th century, the Chorbat area was given by its ruler, Yabgo Yahya Khan of
559:
valley. To the south of the Chorbat La pass, the Hanu valley carries a stream that flows down to join the
1330:
1328:
716:
548:(district). It stretched along the Shyok River valley from a village called Dou-U (Dawou) in the west to
1996:
882:
736:
304:
1031:, permanently dividing Chorbat between India and Pakistan. Baltis allege that Pakistani prime minister
875:
297:
255:
1977:
48:
1047:
843:. The ceasefire line was established through these two points at the end of 1948. The entire Chorbat
787:
2248:
1909:
1146:
1089:
1032:
1222:
2774:
1822:
1771:
1035:
did not care about the Balti villages captured by India and neglected to negotiate their return.
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1800:
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142:
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1972:
1899:
1063:
1028:
1024:
836:
649:
634:
1813:
Vohra, Rohit (1990), "Mythic Lore and Historical Documents from Nubra Valley in Ladakh",
2644:
2321:
1957:
1093:
514:
278:
209:
1381:
1379:
1078:
The natural resources of the valley include agriculture, horticultural resources, the
648:. The climate is hard with little rain and extremely cold winters due to proximity to
2768:
2729:
2649:
2629:
2557:
2409:
2326:
2316:
2145:
1952:
1000:
795:
791:
630:
199:
1622:
Asymmetric Warfare in South Asia: The Causes and Consequences of the Kargil Conflict
975:
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2019:
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1673:"An encounter with the 'king' of Turtuk, a border village near Gilgit-Baltistan"
1254:
1129:
1079:
728:
720:
712:
645:
564:
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499:
474:
226:
1695:, Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing, 1890 – via archive.org
816:
pass that connects Ladakh to the Kashmir Valley, reaching the vicinity of Leh.
681:, who defeated the Buddhist lamas in debate and converted the people to Islam.
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2449:
2361:
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2039:
1439:
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751:, with Chorbat being one of them. Later, Ladakh and Baltistan formed a joint
596:
583:
108:
95:
2572:
2547:
2444:
2434:
2414:
2341:
2263:
2185:
2155:
2095:
1358:
812:. By July–August 1948, the Gilgit Scouts had overrun Kargil, Skardu and the
641:
568:
491:
1096:, Kalaan, Sukhmos, Chhowar, Thongmus, Siari, and Franu. In India, they are
2609:
2582:
2562:
2459:
2429:
2293:
2258:
2233:
2195:
2190:
2165:
2150:
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2110:
1305:
In Ladakh’s Turtuk village, life goes on as it has since the 15th century
1109:
1097:
1058:
Pakistani sources allege that, in 1972, shortly after the signing of the
840:
618:
549:
271:
230:
128:
1826:
1206:
802:
stationed in the area organised themselves under the command of Colonel
2724:
2714:
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2684:
2674:
2669:
2604:
2567:
2537:
2527:
2381:
2273:
2228:
2130:
2100:
2085:
2075:
1942:
1937:
1894:
1879:
1113:
1101:
850:
819:
813:
794:
to the north rebelled and overthrew the Maharaja's administration. The
774:
626:
614:
17:
1247:"Chorbat Valley: The Picturesque Valley of Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan"
2744:
2739:
2734:
2709:
2704:
2639:
2624:
2542:
2517:
2492:
2439:
2404:
2371:
2336:
2253:
2215:
2080:
2067:
2045:
1967:
1962:
1947:
1929:
1924:
1105:
1067:
827:
But Leh held, reinforced by air and a tortuous mountain caravan from
762:
700:
689:
685:
664:
622:
610:
521:
495:
282:
267:
247:
244:
240:
170:
146:
1723:
1606:, Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, Delhi, 17 August 2009.
1477:, there would then have been no real obstacle to our capturing Leh."
1385:
1370:
1346:
1334:
1189:
1832:
1712:
1459:
Short Stories from the History of the Indian Army Since August 1947
2719:
2699:
2679:
2659:
2552:
2532:
2522:
2512:
2487:
2479:
2464:
2424:
2399:
2391:
2331:
2298:
2238:
2200:
2170:
2160:
1914:
1474:
1014:
818:
773:
667:
655:
Chorbat occupies 4,052 square kilometres (1,564 sq mi).
481:
473:
237:
132:
663:
According to Rohit Vohra, the original settlers of the area were
2469:
2376:
2366:
2346:
2243:
1625:(illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 58.
988:
India and Pakistan fought two further wars over Kashmir. In the
1992:
1988:
1836:
1279:
2308:
2033:
1646:
How India de facto destroyed the Simla Agreement with Pakistan
1486:
1428:
1267:
1170:
758:
719:
conquered both Ladakh and Baltistan and made them part of the
555:
Between the Chorbat village and the Chorbat La pass lies the
27:
Valley in Gilgit-Baltistan & Ladakh, Pakistan & India
1498:
1443:
1762:
The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories: A Geographical Account
510:
pass, the traditional border between Baltistan and Ladakh,
1604:"Reclaiming Nubra" – Locals Shunning Pakistani Influences
1783:"Turtuk: A Promised Land Between Two Hostile Neighbours"
1659:"Turtuk, a Promised Land Between Two Hostile Neighbours"
1550:
Bouzas, (B)Ordering and the Politics of Belonging (2017)
1717:, New Delhi: Rupa Publications – via Academia.edu
1027:, whereby the ceasefire line of the war became the new
490:
Chorbat is an indistinct region at the border between
640:
The valley is surrounded by high rising peaks of the
1291:
831:. The Indian Army raised a local militia called the
2591:
2478:
2390:
2307:
2214:
2109:
2066:
2055:
2026:
1870:
1023:After the 1971 war, India and Pakistan reached the
270:. Chorbat stretches from the edge of Khaplu to the
220:
185:
180:
166:
152:
138:
124:
32:
1322:, VisitPakistanOnline.com, retrieved 28 July 2019.
1042:Balti scholar Senge Sering states that Pakistan's
1815:Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
1315:
1313:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
258:, and the Indian-administered portion is in the
1796:Prepare Or Perish: A Study of National Security
1207:Drew, The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories (1875)
1185:
1183:
571:traffic, which enriched the people of Chorbat.
528:, which is considered its traditional capital.
243:. The Pakistan-administered portion is in the
2004:
1848:
513:the Chorbat village in Baltistan, now called
8:
1359:Shyok river valley between Diskit and Khaplu
688:(Tibetan spelling: Yagbo) family controlled
1724:"(B)Ordering and the Politics of Belonging"
1386:Vohra, Mythic Lore from Nubra Valley (1990)
1371:Vohra, Mythic Lore from Nubra Valley (1990)
1347:Vohra, Mythic Lore from Nubra Valley (1990)
1335:Vohra, Mythic Lore from Nubra Valley (1990)
1190:Vohra, Mythic Lore from Nubra Valley (1990)
739:. Baltistan was at first administered as a
609:). The Shyok flows through the gorge until
277:The Khan of Chorbat moved his capital from
2063:
2011:
1997:
1989:
1855:
1841:
1833:
1405:, in M. S. Asimov; C. E. Bosworth (eds.),
999:, Rinchen's Nubra Guards, now part of the
863:
854:
844:
807:
752:
746:
740:
731:to form part of the new princely state of
543:
537:
204:
29:
1742:Stories of Heroism: PVC & MVC Winners
1614:
1612:
1514:Stories of Heroism: PVC & MVC Winners
806:, and launched an invasion on the Ladakh
727:, the areas were transferred to Maharaja
213:
1776:, Thacker, Spink – via archive.org
1361:, OpenStreetMap, retrieved 28 July 2019.
1745:, Allied Publishers, pp. 139–140,
1579:Man reunites with father after 1971 war
1517:, Allied Publishers, pp. 139–140,
1462:, Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, p. 30,
1217:
1215:
1163:
782:In 1947, after the independence of the
179:
123:
88:
54:
45:
1538:Have you heard about this Indian Hero?
1280:Enriquez, The Realm of the Gods (1915)
1202:
1200:
1198:
68:
1765:, E. Stanford – via archive.org
1487:Krishna Rao, Prepare or Perish (1991)
1429:Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak (1890)
1268:Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak (1890)
1171:Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak (1890)
849:came under the control of Pakistan. (
184:
165:
151:
137:
7:
2780:Populated places in Ghanche District
1722:Bouzas, Antía Mato (February 2017),
1590:
1561:
536:princely state, there was a Chorbat
1499:Afridi, Baltistan in History (1988)
1444:Afridi, Baltistan in History (1988)
1011:Division between India and Pakistan
203:
1648:, voiceofeast.net, 10 August 2020.
1173:, p. 274: 'The most easterly
859:, remained under Indian control.)
25:
1821:(1/2), Akadémiai Kiadó: 225–239,
1770:Enriquez, Colin Metcalfe (1915),
835:under the command of 17-year old
757:whose capital alternated between
281:(originally called "Chorbat") to
1728:St Antony's International Review
1540:, Rediff News, 22 December 2011.
962:
950:
938:
926:
914:
902:
888:
881:
874:
644:mountain range and the bank the
448:
436:
424:
412:
400:
388:
376:
364:
352:
338:
324:
310:
303:
296:
67:
60:
47:
1714:Ladakh: Changing, Yet Unchanged
778:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
542:(subdistrict) in the Baltistan
1781:Khan, Aaquib (15 April 2017),
1692:Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak
1403:"The Western Himalayan States"
1253:. 8 April 2016. Archived from
800:Jammu and Kashmir State Forces
652:and other peaks and glaciers.
478:Chorbat Valley near Hassanabad
1:
1711:Bhattacharji, Romesh (2012),
1566:upar Allah, niche Indian army
1307:, The Hindu, 13 October 2018.
693:
229:river valley divided between
1062:, Indian troops crossed the
735:under the suzerainty of the
532:In the early decades of the
221:
2785:Valleys of Gilgit-Baltistan
1793:Rao, K. V. Krishna (1991),
1706:, Emjay Books International
1292:Bhattacharji, Ladakh (2012)
1044:Inter-Services Intelligence
982:Position at the end of 1972
823:Position at the end of 1948
2806:
1700:Afridi, Banat Gul (1988),
692:from some uncertain date (
633:on the Indian side of the
486:Chorbat Valley near Turtuk
1054:Alleged Indian intrusions
89:
55:
46:
39:
1739:Chakravorty, B. (1995),
1511:Chakravorty, B. (1995),
1489:, p. 472, item (d).
1320:Chorbat Valley Baltistan
1303:Archita Suryanarayanan,
770:India–Pakistan conflicts
1759:Drew, Frederic (1875),
1456:Col J. Francis (2013),
1409:, UNESCO, p. 220,
1082:, mountains and peaks.
675:Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani
498:near the course of the
1337:, p. 226, note 2.
1020:
1019:School girls in Turtuk
864:
855:
853:, never a part of the
845:
824:
808:
798:and Muslim members of
779:
753:
747:
741:
544:
538:
487:
479:
225:) is a section of the
2036:(Municipal Committee)
1799:, Lancer Publishers,
1018:
822:
777:
485:
477:
231:Pakistan-administered
1703:Baltistan in History
1048:Operation Sadbhavana
788:Dominion of Pakistan
563:near the village of
1373:, pp. 229–230.
1282:, pp. 210–211.
1257:on 23 October 2016.
1147:Geography of Ladakh
1033:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
593: /
274:village of Nubra.
238:Indian-administered
105: /
1933:(district capital)
1021:
825:
780:
725:Treaty of Amritsar
502:. It is marked by
488:
480:
186: • Total
2790:Valleys of Ladakh
2762:
2761:
2758:
2757:
1986:
1985:
1934:
1806:978-81-7212-001-6
1752:978-81-7023-516-3
1602:Senge H. Sering,
1524:978-81-7023-516-3
1469:978-93-82652-17-5
1416:978-92-3-103467-1
1399:Dani, Ahmad Hasan
1152:Tourism in Ladakh
784:Dominion of India
733:Jammu and Kashmir
534:Jammu and Kashmir
219:
193:
192:
109:34.930°N 76.763°E
16:(Redirected from
2797:
2615:Chamshan Charasa
2420:Hemis Shukpachan
2064:
2027:Cities and Towns
2013:
2006:
1999:
1990:
1932:
1864:Ghanche District
1857:
1850:
1843:
1834:
1829:
1809:
1789:
1777:
1766:
1755:
1735:
1718:
1707:
1696:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1616:
1607:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1575:
1569:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1323:
1317:
1308:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1243:
1230:
1219:
1210:
1204:
1193:
1187:
1178:
1168:
1092:, Partuk, Piun,
1060:Shimla Agreement
1005:Karakoram Scouts
977:
971:
966:
965:
959:
954:
953:
947:
942:
941:
935:
930:
929:
923:
918:
917:
911:
906:
905:
899:
892:
891:
885:
878:
868:in this period.
867:
858:
848:
829:Himachal Pradesh
811:
756:
750:
744:
698:
695:
679:Sayyid Nur Baksh
608:
607:
605:
604:
603:
598:
594:
591:
590:
589:
586:
547:
541:
463:
457:
452:
451:
445:
440:
439:
433:
428:
427:
421:
416:
415:
409:
404:
403:
397:
392:
391:
385:
380:
379:
373:
368:
367:
361:
356:
355:
349:
342:
341:
335:
328:
327:
321:
314:
313:
307:
300:
256:Gilgit–Baltistan
252:Ghanche District
234:Gilgit-Baltistan
224:
218:romanized:
217:
215:
207:
206:
143:Gilgit-Baltistan
120:
119:
117:
116:
115:
110:
106:
103:
102:
101:
98:
71:
70:
64:
51:
30:
21:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2754:
2593:
2587:
2474:
2386:
2303:
2210:
2113:
2105:
2059:
2057:
2051:
2022:
2017:
1987:
1982:
1900:Gulshan-e-Kabir
1872:
1866:
1861:
1812:
1807:
1792:
1780:
1769:
1758:
1753:
1738:
1721:
1710:
1699:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1576:
1572:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1470:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1435:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1311:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1251:Pakistan Source
1245:
1244:
1233:
1221:Nandini Mehta,
1220:
1213:
1205:
1196:
1188:
1181:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1138:
1122:
1076:
1064:Line of Control
1056:
1029:Line of Control
1025:Simla Agreement
1013:
986:
985:
984:
983:
979:
978:
974:
972:
969:
967:
963:
960:
957:
955:
951:
948:
945:
943:
939:
936:
933:
931:
927:
924:
921:
919:
915:
912:
909:
907:
903:
900:
897:
895:
893:
889:
886:
879:
837:Chewang Rinchen
772:
709:
696:
661:
650:Siachen Glacier
635:Line of Control
601:
599:
597:34.77°N 77.14°E
595:
592:
587:
584:
582:
580:
579:
524:, presently in
472:
471:
470:
469:
465:
464:
460:
458:
455:
453:
449:
446:
443:
441:
437:
434:
431:
429:
425:
422:
419:
417:
413:
410:
407:
405:
401:
398:
395:
393:
389:
386:
383:
381:
377:
374:
371:
369:
365:
362:
359:
357:
353:
350:
347:
345:
343:
339:
336:
333:
331:
329:
325:
322:
319:
317:
315:
311:
308:
301:
291:
113:
111:
107:
104:
99:
96:
94:
92:
91:
85:
84:
83:
82:
79:
78:
77:
76:
72:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2803:
2801:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2767:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2322:Chuchot Gongma
2319:
2313:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1890:Chorbat Valley
1887:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1810:
1805:
1790:
1778:
1767:
1756:
1751:
1736:
1719:
1708:
1697:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1664:
1650:
1638:
1631:
1608:
1595:
1583:
1570:
1554:
1542:
1529:
1523:
1503:
1501:, p. 241.
1491:
1479:
1468:
1448:
1446:, p. 266.
1433:
1431:, p. 194.
1421:
1415:
1390:
1388:, p. 231.
1375:
1363:
1351:
1339:
1324:
1309:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1270:, p. 274.
1260:
1231:
1211:
1194:
1179:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1121:
1118:
1075:
1072:
1055:
1052:
1012:
1009:
981:
980:
973:
968:
961:
956:
949:
944:
937:
932:
925:
920:
913:
908:
901:
894:
887:
880:
873:
872:
871:
870:
771:
768:
708:
707:Modern history
705:
660:
657:
557:Chorbat Lungpa
530:
529:
518:
511:
467:
466:
459:
454:
447:
442:
435:
430:
423:
418:
411:
406:
399:
394:
387:
382:
375:
370:
363:
358:
351:
344:
337:
330:
323:
316:
309:
302:
295:
294:
293:
292:
290:
287:
196:Chorbat Valley
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
178:
177:
168:
164:
163:
154:
150:
149:
140:
136:
135:
126:
122:
121:
114:34.930; 76.763
87:
86:
80:
75:Chorbat Valley
74:
73:
66:
65:
59:
58:
57:
56:
53:
52:
44:
43:
40:
37:
36:
34:Chorbat Valley
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2802:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Samad Rakchan
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2410:Chiling Sumda
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2327:Chuchot Shama
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2317:Chuchat Yakma
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2054:
2048:(Census Town)
2047:
2044:
2042:(Census Town)
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1953:Kunais Valley
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1632:9780521767217
1628:
1624:
1623:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:Shabbir Mir,
1574:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1536:Claude Arpi,
1533:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1164:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1001:Ladakh Scouts
998:
993:
991:
976:
884:
877:
869:
866:
860:
857:
852:
847:
842:
838:
834:
830:
821:
817:
815:
810:
805:
801:
797:
796:Gilgit Scouts
793:
792:Gilgit Agency
789:
785:
776:
769:
767:
764:
760:
755:
749:
743:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:Zorawar Singh
714:
706:
704:
702:
691:
687:
682:
680:
676:
671:
669:
666:
658:
656:
653:
651:
647:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
606:
576:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
552:in the east.
551:
546:
540:
535:
527:
523:
519:
516:
512:
509:
505:
504:
503:
501:
497:
493:
484:
476:
462:
306:
299:
288:
286:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
246:
242:
239:
235:
232:
228:
223:
211:
201:
197:
188:
176:
172:
169:
162:
158:
155:
148:
144:
141:
134:
130:
127:
118:
90:Coordinates:
63:
50:
38:
31:
19:
2655:Khemakhungiu
2176:Skinlingyong
2020:Leh district
1920:Keris Valley
1889:
1885:Barah Valley
1818:
1814:
1795:
1786:
1772:
1761:
1741:
1734:(2): 114–135
1731:
1727:
1713:
1702:
1691:
1684:Bibliography
1667:
1653:
1641:
1621:
1598:
1586:
1573:
1568:,” he said.'
1565:
1557:
1545:
1532:
1513:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1458:
1451:
1424:
1406:
1393:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1255:the original
1250:
1226:
1223:Turtuk Diary
1174:
1166:
1142:Aryan valley
1127:
1123:
1120:Surroundings
1087:
1084:
1077:
1057:
1041:
1037:
1022:
994:
987:
861:
833:Nubra Guards
826:
781:
723:. Under the
710:
683:
672:
662:
654:
639:
602:34.77; 77.14
577:
575:influences.
573:
556:
554:
531:
520:the town of
507:
489:
276:
264:Leh district
260:Nubra tehsil
195:
194:
2750:Warisfistan
2690:Partap Pore
2181:Skur Buchan
2091:Man Pangong
1591:Khan (2017)
1562:Khan (2017)
1130:Shyok River
1080:Shyok River
997:war of 1971
910:Shyok River
729:Gulab Singh
721:Sikh Empire
646:Shyok River
600: /
561:Indus River
500:Shyok River
360:Shyok River
205:وادی چھوربٹ
112: /
2769:Categories
2635:Hundar Dok
2498:Chumathang
2450:Skiumarkha
2352:Rambir Por
2206:Youl Chung
2040:Choglamsar
1910:Hassanabad
1871:Populated
1158:References
1090:Hassanabad
804:Aslam Khan
697: 850
508:Chorbat La
456:Chorbat La
444:Hassanabad
181:Population
100:76°45′47″E
97:34°55′48″N
2775:Baltistan
2610:Chalunkha
2445:Saspochey
2415:Giramangu
2264:Matselang
2186:Takmachik
2114:(Khaltsi)
2096:Shachokol
1074:Resources
642:Karakoram
569:Silk Road
492:Baltistan
289:Geography
2650:Khardong
2583:Ukdungle
2563:Skitmang
2460:Tarhipti
2294:Sharnose
2259:Langokor
2191:Temisgam
2166:Lingshet
2156:Lamayuru
2151:Khalatse
2136:Fotoksar
2126:Dah Hanu
2060:villages
1827:23658122
1787:The Wire
1401:(1998),
1294:, Ch. 4.
1136:See also
1114:Beyoqdan
1110:Chalunka
1098:Doethang
990:1965 war
934:Chalunka
841:Chalunka
745:with 15
715:general
619:Chalunka
550:Chalunka
396:Chalunka
272:Chalunka
222:chor bad
153:District
139:Province
129:Pakistan
2725:Terchey
2715:Tangyar
2695:Skanpuk
2685:Panamic
2675:Largiab
2670:Lakjung
2645:Khalsar
2605:Bogdang
2568:Tarchit
2538:Kumgyam
2528:Kharnak
2503:Demchok
2382:Thiksey
2274:Phuktse
2229:Chemrey
2131:Damkhar
2101:Tangtse
2086:Kargyam
2076:Chushul
2056:Tehsils
1943:Kharkoo
1938:Kharfaq
1895:Ghawari
1880:Balghar
1227:Outlook
1112:, and
995:In the
958:Tyakshi
922:Bogdang
898:10miles
851:Bogdang
814:Zoji La
809:wazarat
754:wazarat
742:wazarat
737:British
665:Brog-pa
659:History
627:Tyakshi
615:Bogdang
588:77°08′E
585:34°46′N
545:wazarat
468:Chorbat
372:Batalik
332:Chorbat
320:10miles
157:Ghanche
125:Country
81:Kashmir
18:Chorbat
2745:Udmaru
2740:Turtuk
2735:Thoise
2710:Takshi
2705:Sumoor
2640:Hundri
2630:Hundar
2625:Diskit
2620:Digger
2543:Liktse
2518:Karzok
2493:Chumar
2455:Suspol
2440:Rumbak
2405:Bazgoo
2372:Stakna
2337:Mathoo
2279:Serthi
2254:Kharoo
2249:Khargu
2224:Changa
2111:Khalsi
2081:Durbok
2068:Durbuk
2046:Spituk
1968:Thalay
1963:Thagas
1948:Kondus
1930:Khaplu
1925:Khaney
1873:places
1825:
1803:
1749:
1629:
1521:
1466:
1413:
1106:Turtuk
1102:Tyaqsi
1068:NJ9842
946:Turtuk
865:niabat
763:Skardu
748:ilaqas
701:Khaplu
690:Khaplu
686:Yabghu
677:) and
629:, and
623:Turtuk
611:Khaplu
522:Turtuk
496:Ladakh
408:Turtuk
384:Khaplu
348:stream
334:Lungpa
283:Turtuk
268:Ladakh
248:tehsil
245:Khaplu
241:Ladakh
214:ཆོར་བད
189:20,000
173:&
171:Khaplu
167:Tehsil
159:&
147:Ladakh
145:&
131:&
41:Valley
2730:Thang
2720:Tegar
2700:Skuru
2680:Murgo
2665:Kubed
2660:Khemi
2596:Nubra
2592:Sumur
2578:Tukla
2553:Nyoma
2533:Koyul
2523:Kerey
2513:Himya
2508:Hanle
2488:Anlay
2480:Nyoma
2465:Taroo
2425:Likir
2400:Alchi
2392:Likir
2362:Sakti
2357:Saboo
2332:Fiang
2299:Upshi
2289:Shara
2284:Shang
2269:Meroo
2239:Hemis
2216:Kharu
2201:Wanla
2171:Nurla
2161:Leido
2146:Kanji
1978:Kuroo
1958:Siksa
1915:Hushe
1905:Haldi
1823:JSTOR
1475:Skuru
1175:ilaka
1094:Siksa
970:Thang
856:ilaqa
846:ilaqa
713:Dogra
668:Dards
631:Thang
539:ilaqa
526:Nubra
517:, and
515:Siksa
432:Siksa
420:Dawou
279:Siksa
227:Shyok
210:Balti
175:Nubra
133:India
2573:Teri
2548:Mood
2470:Umla
2435:Nimo
2377:Stok
2367:Shey
2347:Phey
2342:Nang
2244:Igoo
2141:Hanu
1973:Yugo
1801:ISBN
1747:ISBN
1627:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1411:ISBN
1128:The
896:15km
786:and
761:and
506:the
494:and
346:Hanu
318:15km
236:and
200:Urdu
2430:Ney
2309:Leh
2234:Gia
2196:Tia
2121:Dah
2058:and
2034:Leh
759:Leh
565:Dah
266:of
254:in
250:of
161:Leh
2771::
1819:44
1817:,
1785:,
1732:12
1730:,
1726:,
1611:^
1436:^
1378:^
1327:^
1312:^
1249:.
1234:^
1225:,
1214:^
1197:^
1182:^
1116:.
1108:,
1104:,
1100:,
1070:.
1050:.
694:c.
684:A
625:,
621:,
617:,
262:,
216:,
212::
208:,
202::
2598:)
2594:(
2012:e
2005:t
1998:v
1856:e
1849:t
1842:v
1675:.
1661:.
1635:.
198:(
20:)
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