147:
31:
178:). The protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the IMS by these respiratory complexes. As a result, an electrochemical gradient is generated, which is combined by forces due to a H gradient (pH gradient) and a voltage gradient (membrane potential). The pH in the IMS is about 0.7 unit lower than the one in the matrix and the membrane potential of the IMS side becomes more positively charged than the matrix side. This electrochemical gradient from the IMS to the matrix is used to drive the synthesis of ATP in the mitochondria.
77:
small proteins about 5000 daltons or less into the IMS. This makes the IMS chemically equivalent to the cytosol regarding the small molecules it contains. By contrast, specific transport proteins are required to transport ions and other small molecules across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix due to its impermeability. The IMS also contains many enzymes that use the ATP moving out of the matrix to phosphorylate other nucleotides and proteins that initiate apoptosis.
256:
115:
217:
62:, but is often called the perinuclear space. The IMS of mitochondria plays a crucial role in coordinating a variety of cellular activities, such as regulation of respiration and metabolic functions. Unlike the IMS of the mitochondria, the IMS of the chloroplast does not seem to have any obvious function.
273:
and separated by a small intermembrane space, which is often called the perinuclear space. The perinuclear space is usually about 20-40 nm wide. The perinuclear translocation of certain proteins and enzymes were studied and results showed that perinuclear space was important for genome integrity
76:
Mitochondria are surrounded by two membranes; the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. These two membranes allow the formation of two aqueous compartments, which are the intermembrane space (IMS) and the matrix. Channel proteins called porins in the outer membrane allow free diffusion of ions and
247:, which is the heat shock protein of 70 kDa, typically localized in the cytoplasm is also found in the IMS of chloroplasts. The resulting hypothesis states that co-localization of Hsp70 is important for efficient translocation of protein precursors into and across the IMS of chloroplasts.
228:
is exceedingly small, from 10 to 20 nm thick. Unlike the IMS of the mitochondria, the IMS of the chloroplast does not seem to have any obvious function. The translocase of the outer membrane (
154:
The respiratory chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane carries out oxidative phosphorylation. Three enzyme complexes are responsible for the electron transport: NADH-ubiquinone
661:
Bionda T, Gross LE, Becker T, Papasotiriou DG, Leisegang MS, Karas M, Schleiff E (March 2016). "Eukaryotic Hsp70 chaperones in the intermembrane space of chloroplasts".
146:
171:
42:(IMS) is the space occurring between or involving two or more membranes. In cell biology, it is most commonly described as the region between the
135:
in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Then they are transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix and converted into the
596:
111:
which are hexameric complexes are located in the IMS and they bind hydrophobic precursor proteins and delivery the precursors to the TIM.
71:
347:
47:
43:
371:
30:
342:. Alberts, Bruce., Bray, Dennis., Hopkin, Karen., Johnson, Alexander D., Lewis, Julian. Garland Pub. 2014.
107:). The IMS is involved in the mitochondrial protein translocation. The precursor proteins called small TIM
810:
159:
704:
Walter, Peter; Roberts, Keith; Raff, Martin; Lewis, Julian; Johnson, Alexander; Alberts, Bruce (2002).
760:
175:
92:
555:
556:"Structural Biochemistry/Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid cycle) - Wikibooks, open books for an open world"
240:
108:
686:
365:
99:
in the cytosol and are imported into the mitochondria by the translocase of the outer membrane (
17:
786:
723:
678:
643:
602:
592:
531:
501:
460:
419:
353:
343:
237:
140:
96:
776:
768:
670:
633:
584:
491:
450:
409:
401:
390:"Oxidative protein biogenesis and redox regulation in the mitochondrial intermembrane space"
264:
255:
59:
291:
496:
479:
233:
229:
132:
131:
and the fatty acids produced by breakdown of fats enter the mitochondrial IMS through the
114:
104:
100:
86:
764:
781:
748:
414:
389:
269:
The nuclear envelope is composed of two lipid bilayer membranes that are penetrated by
167:
155:
638:
621:
455:
438:
804:
243:
involvement in the IMS has been proposed but still remains uncertain. The eukaryotic
51:
690:
579:
Sousa JS, D'Imprima E, Vonck J (2018). "Mitochondrial
Respiratory Chain Complexes".
270:
187:
58:. It also refers to the space between the inner and outer nuclear membranes of the
588:
225:
211:
191:
55:
705:
523:
674:
405:
316:
216:
163:
136:
128:
357:
150:
Apoptotic components released from the intermembrane space of a mitochondrion
199:
790:
724:"Perinuclear space - Biology-Online Dictionary | Biology-Online Dictionary"
682:
647:
606:
535:
505:
423:
464:
195:
772:
118:
Electron transport chain and intermembrane space of a mitochondrion
244:
706:"The Transport of Molecules between the Nucleus and the Cytosol"
626:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
583:. Subcellular Biochemistry. Vol. 87. pp. 167–227.
480:"Mitochondrial Machineries for Protein Import and Assembly"
749:"Dissecting the cell to nucleus, perinucleus and cytosol"
388:
Manganas P, MacPherson L, Tokatlidis K (January 2017).
581:Membrane Protein Complexes: Structure and Function
259:Simplified structure of a eukaryotic cell nucleus
236:) mainly assist the translocation of chloroplast
232:) and the translocase of the inner membrane (
103:) and the translocase of the inner membrane (
8:
710:Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th Edition
622:"Toc, Tic, and chloroplast protein import"
780:
637:
495:
454:
413:
254:
251:Intermembrane space of nuclear envelopes
215:
145:
113:
29:
283:
34:Simplified structure of a mitochondrion
363:
190:from the IMS to the cytosol activates
497:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014352
437:Pfanner N, Meijer M (February 1997).
224:The intermembrane space (IMS) of the
220:Simplified structure of a chloroplast
7:
517:
515:
478:Wiedemann N, Pfanner N (June 2017).
383:
381:
334:
332:
330:
323:(2nd ed.). Sinauer Associates.
206:Intermembrane space of chloroplasts
72:Intermembrane space of mitochondria
66:Intermembrane space of mitochondria
747:Shaiken TE, Opekun AR (May 2014).
620:Jarvis P, Soll J (December 2001).
91:Most of proteins destined for the
25:
522:Chaudhry R, Varacallo M (2019).
18:Chloroplast intermembrane space
321:The Cell: A Molecular Approach
1:
639:10.1016/S0167-4889(01)00147-1
484:Annual Review of Biochemistry
456:10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00048-0
292:"Definition of INTERMEMBRANE"
174:), and cytochrome c oxidase (
589:10.1007/978-981-10-7757-9_7
827:
524:"Biochemistry, Glycolysis"
262:
209:
127:The pyruvate generated by
84:
69:
675:10.1007/s00425-015-2440-z
530:. StatPearls Publishing.
439:"The Tom and Tim machine"
406:10.1007/s00441-016-2488-5
123:Oxidative phosphorylation
394:Cell and Tissue Research
296:www.merriam-webster.com
728:www.biology-online.org
370:: CS1 maint: others (
340:Essential Cell Biology
260:
221:
151:
119:
35:
274:and gene regulation.
263:Further information:
258:
219:
210:Further information:
149:
117:
85:Further information:
33:
93:mitochondrial matrix
765:2014NatSR...4E4923S
198:cascade leading to
95:are synthesized as
40:intermembrane space
753:Scientific Reports
315:Cooper GM (2000).
261:
238:precursor proteins
222:
152:
120:
36:
773:10.1038/srep04923
598:978-981-10-7756-2
141:citric acid cycle
16:(Redirected from
818:
795:
794:
784:
744:
738:
737:
735:
734:
720:
714:
713:
701:
695:
694:
658:
652:
651:
641:
617:
611:
610:
576:
570:
569:
567:
566:
560:en.wikibooks.org
552:
546:
545:
543:
542:
519:
510:
509:
499:
475:
469:
468:
458:
434:
428:
427:
417:
385:
376:
375:
369:
361:
336:
325:
324:
312:
306:
305:
303:
302:
288:
265:Nuclear envelope
60:nuclear envelope
21:
826:
825:
821:
820:
819:
817:
816:
815:
801:
800:
799:
798:
746:
745:
741:
732:
730:
722:
721:
717:
703:
702:
698:
660:
659:
655:
619:
618:
614:
599:
578:
577:
573:
564:
562:
554:
553:
549:
540:
538:
521:
520:
513:
477:
476:
472:
443:Current Biology
436:
435:
431:
387:
386:
379:
362:
350:
338:
337:
328:
314:
313:
309:
300:
298:
290:
289:
285:
280:
267:
253:
214:
208:
194:and triggers a
184:
125:
89:
87:TIM/TOM complex
83:
74:
68:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
824:
822:
814:
813:
803:
802:
797:
796:
739:
715:
696:
653:
632:(1–2): 64–79.
612:
597:
571:
547:
511:
490:(1): 685–714.
470:
429:
377:
348:
326:
317:"Mitochondria"
307:
282:
281:
279:
276:
252:
249:
207:
204:
183:
180:
168:oxidoreductase
162:), ubiquinone-
156:oxidoreductase
124:
121:
82:
79:
70:Main article:
67:
64:
48:outer membrane
44:inner membrane
27:Part of a cell
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
823:
812:
809:
808:
806:
792:
788:
783:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
743:
740:
729:
725:
719:
716:
711:
707:
700:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
669:(3): 733–47.
668:
664:
657:
654:
649:
645:
640:
635:
631:
627:
623:
616:
613:
608:
604:
600:
594:
590:
586:
582:
575:
572:
561:
557:
551:
548:
537:
533:
529:
525:
518:
516:
512:
507:
503:
498:
493:
489:
485:
481:
474:
471:
466:
462:
457:
452:
449:(2): R100-3.
448:
444:
440:
433:
430:
425:
421:
416:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
384:
382:
378:
373:
367:
359:
355:
351:
349:9780815345251
345:
341:
335:
333:
331:
327:
322:
318:
311:
308:
297:
293:
287:
284:
277:
275:
272:
271:nuclear pores
266:
257:
250:
248:
246:
242:
239:
235:
231:
227:
218:
213:
205:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
186:Releasing of
181:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
148:
144:
142:
139:to enter the
138:
134:
130:
122:
116:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
88:
81:Translocation
80:
78:
73:
65:
63:
61:
57:
53:
52:mitochondrion
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
811:Cell anatomy
756:
752:
742:
731:. Retrieved
727:
718:
709:
699:
666:
662:
656:
629:
625:
615:
580:
574:
563:. Retrieved
559:
550:
539:. Retrieved
527:
487:
483:
473:
446:
442:
432:
400:(1): 43–57.
397:
393:
339:
320:
310:
299:. Retrieved
295:
286:
268:
223:
188:cytochrome c
185:
153:
126:
90:
75:
39:
37:
226:chloroplast
212:Chloroplast
192:procaspases
172:complex III
56:chloroplast
733:2019-04-02
565:2019-04-09
541:2019-04-09
528:StatPearls
301:2019-04-09
278:References
176:complex IV
164:cytochrome
137:acetyl CoA
129:glycolysis
109:chaperones
97:precursors
366:cite book
358:881664767
241:Chaperone
200:apoptosis
182:Apoptosis
170:complex (
160:complex I
158:complex (
805:Category
791:24815916
759:: 4923.
691:18533966
683:26669598
648:11750663
607:29464561
536:29493928
506:28301740
424:27632163
46:and the
782:4017230
761:Bibcode
465:9081657
415:5203823
196:caspase
789:
779:
689:
681:
663:Planta
646:
605:
595:
534:
504:
463:
422:
412:
356:
346:
133:porins
687:S2CID
245:Hsp70
54:or a
50:of a
787:PMID
679:PMID
644:PMID
630:1541
603:PMID
593:ISBN
532:PMID
502:PMID
461:PMID
420:PMID
372:link
354:OCLC
344:ISBN
38:The
777:PMC
769:doi
671:doi
667:243
634:doi
585:doi
492:doi
451:doi
410:PMC
402:doi
398:367
234:TIC
230:TOC
105:TIM
101:TOM
807::
785:.
775:.
767:.
755:.
751:.
726:.
708:.
685:.
677:.
665:.
642:.
628:.
624:.
601:.
591:.
558:.
526:.
514:^
500:.
488:86
486:.
482:.
459:.
445:.
441:.
418:.
408:.
396:.
392:.
380:^
368:}}
364:{{
352:.
329:^
319:.
294:.
202:.
166:c
793:.
771::
763::
757:4
736:.
712:.
693:.
673::
650:.
636::
609:.
587::
568:.
544:.
508:.
494::
467:.
453::
447:7
426:.
404::
374:)
360:.
304:.
143:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
