305:
182:
500:
788:
after weeds are already present in the crop will also lead to control. The product is used at application rates of 0.008–0.0155 pounds per acre (9.0–17.4 g/ha). The estimated use in US agriculture is mapped by the US Geological
Service and shows that from 1992 to 2017, the latest date for which figures are available, up to 120,000 pounds (54,000 kg) were applied each year. The compound is used mainly in wheat but also in pasture.
641:
780:
27:
787:
Chlorsulfuron has a broad spectrum of activity on commercially important broadleaf weeds and grasses but at the recommended use rate it is safe to important crops such as wheat. Its properties mean that it can be applied to soil so emerging weeds take it up and are controlled. Alternatively, spraying
982:
960:
508:
480:
1203:
1039:
874:
99:
1324:
Klein, Theodore M.; Arentzen, Rene; Lewis, Paul A.; Fitzpatrick-McElligott, Sandra (1992). "Transformation of
Microbes, Plants and Animals by Particle Bombardment".
1000:
1650:
1400:
685:
with glucose compounds into non-herbicidal conjugates. Widespread weed resistance to chlorsulfuron has been found across North
America and around the world.
344:
1263:
Kohchi, Takayuki; Yamato, Katsuyuki T.; Ishizaki, Kimitsune; Yamaoka, Shohei; Nishihama, Ryuichi (2021-06-17). "Development and
Molecular Genetics of
933:
661:
1438:
596:
2367:
2336:
1798:
319:
698:
was found to be using the same mechanism by
Christopher et al 1991 and Cotterman & Saari 1992. A North American population of
2362:
657:
581:
1763:
1269:
1080:
1037:
Holt, Jodie S.; Powles, Steven B.; Holtum, Joseph A. M. (1993). "Mechanisms and
Agronomic Aspects of Herbicide Resistance".
928:
980:, George Levitt, "Herbicidal sulfonamides", issued 1978, assigned to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
958:, George Levitt, "Herbicidal sulfonamides", issued 1977, assigned to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
328:
InChI=1S/C12H12ClN5O4S/c1-7-14-10(17-12(15-7)22-2)16-11(19)18-23(20,21)9-6-4-3-5-8(9)13/h3-6H,1-2H3,(H2,14,15,16,17,18,19)
1015:
565:
536:
252:
499:
898:
283:
2377:
2034:
1640:
1278:
1089:
1048:
682:
457:
1698:
189:
2291:
1635:
1431:
1382:
894:
624:
177:
2357:
2261:
797:
714:
139:
2213:
760:
754:
723:
705:
628:
522:
492:
444:
977:
955:
623:
The first synthesis of chlorsulfuron was disclosed in a patent filed by the
American chemical company
1658:
1326:
1142:
803:
736:
39:
528:
2271:
2236:
1977:
1630:
1424:
902:
792:
592:
300:
65:
1536:
2372:
2231:
1688:
1597:
1516:
1363:
1306:
1133:
1078:
Powles, Stephen B.; Yu, Qin (2010-06-02). "Evolution in Action: Plants
Resistant to Herbicides".
727:
1736:
2142:
2122:
2117:
2019:
1607:
1496:
2132:
1808:
1746:
1721:
1511:
1355:
1347:
1298:
1290:
1242:
1224:
1176:
1158:
1109:
1101:
1060:
814:
809:
771:
by McCabe et al 1988 using bombardment with the relevant gene attached to tungsten particles.
749:
673:
2193:
2092:
1339:
1335:
1282:
1232:
1216:
1166:
1150:
1146:
1093:
1052:
611:
Originally introduced in 1982 under the brand name Glean by DuPont, later also as Telar, in
433:
367:
261:
159:
75:
1948:
1286:
1097:
700:
600:
1001:"From Pioneering Invention to Sustained Innovation: The Story of Sulfonylurea Herbicides"
1056:
838:
779:
640:
304:
181:
2170:
2137:
2084:
1625:
1237:
1198:
1171:
1129:"A unified approach to the estimation and interpretation of resistance costs in plants"
1128:
694:
559:
119:
2351:
2226:
2043:
1982:
1891:
1865:
1817:
1668:
1531:
1310:
1212:
678:
612:
422:
170:
1367:
550:
2331:
2326:
2316:
2178:
1961:
1663:
1572:
1564:
1506:
1501:
1447:
853:
731:
632:
588:
241:
26:
542:
2203:
2198:
1956:
1938:
1918:
1908:
1900:
1825:
1773:
1726:
1561:
1551:
1521:
1486:
2321:
2301:
2281:
2241:
2147:
2107:
2009:
1873:
1855:
1840:
1731:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1602:
1582:
1577:
1541:
1471:
394:
150:
1351:
1294:
1228:
1162:
1105:
1064:
2311:
2286:
2266:
2102:
2024:
2004:
1923:
1850:
1845:
1830:
1711:
1706:
1491:
1451:
653:
584:
272:
1416:
1302:
1246:
1220:
1180:
1113:
1359:
2276:
2127:
2112:
2097:
2075:
2061:
2014:
1996:
1933:
1928:
1835:
1793:
1778:
1716:
1592:
1546:
1526:
1476:
1343:
1154:
2306:
2296:
2188:
1913:
1617:
1587:
1463:
1459:
412:
228:
190:
1204:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2056:
1768:
1481:
783:
US Geological Survey estimate of chlorsulfuron use in the USA to 2017
130:
730:- was found by Roux et al 2004 to be accompanied by a 37% recessive
558:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
2051:
216:
1755:
778:
768:
110:
98:
88:
767:
Crops have also been deliberately made resistant, for example in
546:
2183:
2161:
1788:
1783:
752:
when attempting transformation with other genes, for example in
709:
207:
1420:
704:
was found by Hall and Devine 1990 to be resistant by way of an
929:"HRAC MOA 2020 Revision Description and Master Herbicide List"
1040:
Annual Review of Plant
Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology
708:
target mutation rather than by improved disposal. Increased
288:
631:
with 2-amino-4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine to form the
722:(by Tardif and Powles 1999). Another such mechanism - the
1192:
1190:
748:
Genes conveying resistance to chlorsulfuron are used as
1401:"Estimated Agricultural Use for chlorsulfuron, 2017"
1258:
1256:
1197:
Tanaka, Yoshikazu; Brugliera, Filippa (2013-02-19).
2254:
2212:
2169:
2160:
2083:
2074:
2042:
2033:
1995:
1970:
1947:
1899:
1890:
1864:
1816:
1807:
1754:
1745:
1697:
1649:
1616:
1560:
1458:
1032:
1030:
1028:
627:in 1977. 2-Chlorobenzenesulfonyl isocyanate was
240:
1127:Vila-Aiub, M M; Neve, P; Roux, F (2011-05-04).
994:
992:
923:
921:
919:
352:O=C(NC1=NC(=NC(=N1)C)OC)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC=CC2Cl
74:
1432:
8:
662:HRAC (Herbicide Resistance Action Committee)
972:
970:
891:Pacific Northwest Pest Management Handbooks
791:Chlorsulfuron is recommended alone or with
712:activity can also be effective, such as in
2166:
2080:
2039:
1896:
1813:
1751:
1439:
1425:
1417:
303:
180:
158:
18:
1236:
1170:
718:(found by Letouzé and Gasquez 2003), and
260:
869:
867:
865:
863:
826:
349:
324:
299:
832:
830:
427:173 °C (343 °F; 446 K)
171:
1287:10.1146/annurev-arplant-082520-094256
1098:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112119
934:Herbicide Resistance Action Committee
582:ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor
331:Key: VJYIFXVZLXQVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
138:
118:
7:
1199:"Flower colour and cytochromes P450"
1057:10.1146/annurev.pp.44.060193.001223
231:
215:
595:in February 1976 while working at
14:
677:is naturally resistant via aryl
639:
498:
44:2-chloro-N-benzene-1-sulfonamide
25:
893:. Pacific Northwest Extension (
837:Pesticide Properties Database.
664:group 2 (legacy HRAC Group B).
658:acetolactate synthase inhibitor
591:compound. It was discovered by
562:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
1270:Annual Review of Plant Biology
1081:Annual Review of Plant Biology
1008:Chemical Heritage NewsMagazine
841:. University of Hertfordshire.
1:
1383:"Glean XP herbicide US label"
2394:
744:Use in genetic engineering
2171:Photosystem II inhibitors
2085:Photosystem II inhibitors
999:Bhardwaj, Gaurab (2007).
556:
479:
474:
360:
340:
315:
58:
50:
38:
33:
24:
2368:2-Chlorophenyl compounds
2044:Photosystem I inhibitors
1381:FMC Corporation (2019).
537:Precautionary statements
439:12500 mg/L (20 °C)
407:White crystalline solid
2363:Sulfonylurea herbicides
660:(ALS inhibitor) class,
16:ALS inhibitor herbicide
1399:US Geological Survey.
1221:10.1098/rstb.2012.0432
877:Centaurea solstitialis
875:"Starthistle, yellow (
798:Centaurea solstitialis
784:
715:Alopecurus myosuroides
1265:Marchantia polymorpha
782:
761:Marchantia polymorpha
755:Dianthus caryophyllus
726:target-site mutation
724:acetolactate synthase
1327:Nature Biotechnology
1143:The Genetics Society
881:Centaurea calcitrapa
804:Centaurea calcitrapa
737:Arabidopsis thaliana
652:Chlorsulfuron is an
399:357.78
40:Preferred IUPAC name
2272:aminocyclopyrachlor
2237:sulfometuron methyl
1344:10.1038/nbt0392-286
1155:10.1038/hdy.2011.29
1014:(1). Archived from
793:aminocyclopyrachlor
434:Solubility in water
21:
2232:metsulfuron-methyl
1901:Nitrophenyl ethers
852:PubChem Database.
817:of North America.
785:
750:selectable markers
566:Infobox references
19:
2378:Methoxy compounds
2345:
2344:
2250:
2249:
2156:
2155:
2070:
2069:
1991:
1990:
1892:Protox inhibitors
1886:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1809:ACCase inhibitors
885:Centaurea iberica
815:Pacific Northwest
810:Centaurea iberica
692:s close relative
674:Triticum aestivum
574:Chemical compound
572:
571:
523:Hazard statements
284:CompTox Dashboard
100:Interactive image
2385:
2167:
2081:
2040:
1949:Pyrimidinediones
1897:
1814:
1752:
1699:Organophosphorus
1441:
1434:
1427:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1336:Nature Portfolio
1321:
1315:
1314:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1240:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1174:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1034:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1005:
996:
987:
986:
985:
981:
974:
965:
964:
963:
959:
952:
946:
945:
943:
942:
925:
914:
913:
911:
910:
883:), and Iberian (
871:
858:
857:
849:
843:
842:
834:
691:
643:
599:, which was the
552:
548:
544:
530:
502:
368:Chemical formula
308:
307:
292:
290:
264:
244:
233:
219:
192:
184:
173:
162:
142:
122:
102:
78:
29:
22:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2246:
2208:
2152:
2066:
2029:
1987:
1966:
1943:
1878:
1860:
1803:
1741:
1693:
1659:flurochloridone
1645:
1631:copper arsenate
1612:
1556:
1454:
1445:
1415:
1414:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1036:
1035:
1026:
1018:
1003:
998:
997:
990:
983:
976:
975:
968:
961:
954:
953:
949:
940:
938:
927:
926:
917:
908:
906:
873:
872:
861:
854:"Chlorsulfuron"
851:
850:
846:
839:"Chlorsulfuron"
836:
835:
828:
823:
795:for control of
777:
746:
701:Stellaria media
689:
670:
650:
621:
609:
601:patent assignee
575:
568:
563:
539:
525:
511:
495:
466:
436:
388:
384:
380:
376:
370:
356:
353:
348:
347:
336:
333:
332:
329:
323:
322:
311:
293:
286:
267:
247:
234:
222:
202:
165:
145:
125:
105:
92:
81:
68:
54:
46:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2391:
2389:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2214:ALS inhibitors
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2138:terbuthylazine
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1903:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1866:DIM herbicides
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1818:FOP herbicides
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1651:HPPD inhbitors
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1626:cacodylic acid
1622:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1456:
1455:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1412:
1391:
1373:
1316:
1279:Annual Reviews
1252:
1186:
1119:
1090:Annual Reviews
1070:
1049:Annual Reviews
1024:
1021:on 2006-11-18.
988:
966:
947:
915:
859:
844:
825:
824:
822:
819:
776:
773:
745:
742:
695:Lolium rigidum
669:
666:
649:
648:Mode of action
646:
645:
644:
620:
617:
608:
605:
573:
570:
569:
564:
560:standard state
557:
554:
553:
540:
535:
532:
531:
526:
521:
518:
517:
512:
507:
504:
503:
496:
491:
488:
487:
477:
476:
472:
471:
468:
464:
454:
453:
450:
441:
440:
437:
432:
429:
428:
425:
419:
418:
415:
409:
408:
405:
401:
400:
397:
391:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
371:
366:
363:
362:
358:
357:
355:
354:
351:
343:
342:
341:
338:
337:
335:
334:
330:
327:
326:
318:
317:
316:
313:
312:
310:
309:
296:
294:
282:
279:
278:
275:
269:
268:
266:
265:
257:
255:
249:
248:
246:
245:
237:
235:
227:
224:
223:
221:
220:
212:
210:
204:
203:
201:
200:
196:
194:
186:
185:
175:
167:
166:
164:
163:
155:
153:
147:
146:
144:
143:
135:
133:
127:
126:
124:
123:
115:
113:
107:
106:
104:
103:
95:
93:
86:
83:
82:
80:
79:
71:
69:
64:
61:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
43:
42:
36:
35:
31:
30:
20:Chlorsulfuron
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2390:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:Sulfonylureas
2356:
2355:
2353:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:flazasulfuron
2225:
2223:
2222:chlorsulfuron
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1983:sulfentrazone
1981:
1979:
1978:carfentrazone
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:Triazolinones
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
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140:ChEMBL1229721
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2332:pyribenzoxim
2327:prosulfocarb
2317:metam sodium
2221:
2179:chlortoluron
1962:saflufenacil
1664:isoxaflutole
1573:aminopyralid
1537:pretilachlor
1507:dimethenamid
1502:diflufenican
1448:Pest control
1404:. Retrieved
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1376:
1331:
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719:
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693:
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672:
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651:
633:sulfonylurea
622:
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589:sulfonylurea
577:
576:
514:
481:
461:
446:
59:Identifiers
51:Other names
2204:tebuthiuron
2199:monolinuron
1957:butafenacil
1939:oxyfluorfen
1919:fluorodifen
1909:acifluorfen
1826:chlorazifop
1774:dichlorprop
1727:glufosinate
1689:sulcotrione
1598:pyrithiobac
1552:trifluralin
1522:metolachlor
1517:metazachlor
1487:benfluralin
1338:: 286–291.
1281:: 677–702.
1092:: 317–347.
1051:: 203–229.
879:), purple (
728:Pro-197–Ser
687:T. aestivum
683:conjugation
607:Brand names
587:, and is a
509:Signal word
404:Appearance
361:Properties
178:100.059.316
2352:Categories
2322:metribuzin
2302:indaziflam
2282:bromoxynil
2242:tribenuron
2148:metamitron
2108:hexazinone
2035:Quaternary
2010:fluroxypyr
1874:sethoxydim
1856:quizalofop
1841:fenoxaprop
1737:piperophos
1732:glyphosate
1684:sethoxydim
1679:nitisinone
1674:mesotrione
1618:Arsenicals
1603:quinclorac
1583:clopyralid
1578:chloramben
1542:propachlor
1472:acetochlor
1452:herbicides
1406:2021-09-28
978:US 4127405
956:DE 2715786
941:2021-04-01
909:2021-03-03
899:Washington
821:References
769:maize/corn
720:L. rigidum
635:product.
493:Pictograms
417:1.48 g/cm
395:Molar mass
277:3077 2588
262:O6S620ML45
151:ChemSpider
120:CHEBI:3652
87:3D model (
76:64902-72-3
66:CAS Number
2373:Triazines
2312:methazole
2287:clomazone
2267:aclonifen
2143:terbutryn
2123:propazine
2118:prometryn
2103:cyanazine
2076:Triazines
2052:cyperquat
2025:triclopyr
2020:thiazopyr
2005:dithiopyr
1997:Pyridines
1924:fomesafen
1851:haloxyfop
1846:fluazifop
1831:cyhalofop
1712:bialaphos
1707:bensulide
1608:quinmerac
1497:diethatyl
1492:butachlor
1352:1087-0156
1311:232159593
1295:1543-5008
1229:0962-8436
1163:0018-067X
1106:1543-5008
1065:1040-2519
654:herbicide
629:condensed
619:Chemistry
585:herbicide
484:labelling
273:UN number
199:265-268-5
191:EC Number
2277:Bentazon
2133:simetryn
2128:simazine
2113:prometon
2098:atrazine
2062:paraquat
2015:imazapyr
1934:nitrofen
1929:lactofen
1836:diclofop
1794:mecoprop
1779:fenoprop
1722:fosamine
1717:ethephon
1593:picloram
1562:Aromatic
1547:propanil
1527:oryzalin
1512:flamprop
1477:alachlor
1464:anilines
1460:Anilides
1368:26707595
1303:33684298
1247:23297355
1181:21540885
1134:Heredity
1114:20192743
668:Efficacy
475:Hazards
389:S
2307:juglone
2297:dinoseb
2194:monuron
2189:linuron
2093:ametryn
1914:bifenox
1799:2,4,5-T
1747:Phenoxy
1588:dicamba
1360:1368100
1238:3538422
1172:3199924
813:in the
656:of the
515:Warning
458:Acidity
413:Density
229:PubChem
53:DPX4189
2255:Others
2057:diquat
1769:2,4-DB
1756:Auxins
1482:asulam
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807:, and
625:DuPont
597:DuPont
580:is an
452:-0.99
345:SMILES
217:C05071
131:ChEMBL
34:Names
2337:Ziram
2162:Ureas
1764:2,4-D
1565:acids
1386:(PDF)
1364:S2CID
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160:43209
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2292:DCBN
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1784:MCPA
1641:MSMA
1636:DSMA
1356:PMID
1348:ISSN
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758:and
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547:P391
543:P273
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445:log
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