47:
320:
There are considerable differences in the amino acid composition between different animals. Commercial assays for measuring human CGA can usually not be used for measuring CGA in samples from other species. Some specific parts of the molecule have a higher degree of amino acid homology and methods
1409:"Catestatin, vasostatin, cortisol, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, scores of the short form of the Glasgow composite measure pain scale and visual analog scale for stress and pain behavior in dogs before and after ovariohysterectomy"
321:
where the antibodies are directed against specific epitopes can be used to measure samples from different animals. Region-specific assays measuring defined parts of CGA, CGB and SG2 can be used for measurements in samples from cats and dogs.
1187:
Preece NE, Nguyen M, Mahata M, Mahata SK, Mahapatra NR, Tsigelny I, O'Connor DT (April 2004). "Conformational preferences and activities of peptides from the catecholamine release-inhibitory (catestatin) region of chromogranin A".
281:) within the hormone storage vesicle core. There is also evidence that CgA, and perhaps other granins, regulate the biogenesis of dense-core secretory vesicles and hormone sequestration in
305:
section, is conserved in all these proteins. Chromogranins and secretogranins together share a C-terminal motif, whereas chromogranins A and B share a region of high similarity in their
1168:
182:
1606:
138:
126:
1034:
881:
728:
540:
387:
1268:"Characterisation of N-terminal chromogranin A and chromogranin B in mammals by region-specific radioimmunoassays and chromatographic separation methods"
1823:
1813:
1808:
106:
1818:
1058:
905:
752:
564:
411:
1828:
1599:
1046:
893:
740:
552:
399:
886:
1039:
733:
545:
392:
237:
Granins (chromogranins or secretogranins) are acidic proteins and are present in the secretory granules of a wide variety of
202:
1592:
1159:
Some other proteins are also proposed to belong to the granins based on their physico-chemical properties. These include
1458:
Srithunyarat T, Hagman R, Höglund OV, Olsson U, Stridsberg M, Jitpean S, Lagerstedt AS, Pettersson A (January 2017).
1708:
245:
cells. The exact function(s) of these proteins is not yet settled but there is evidence that granins function as
1738:
1564:
190:
1728:
31:
1051:
898:
745:
1407:
Srithunyarat T, Höglund OV, Hagman R, Olsson U, Stridsberg M, Lagerstedt AS, Pettersson A (August 2016).
557:
404:
1360:"Chromogranin A and cortisol at intraoperative repeated noxious stimuli: Surgical stress in a dog model"
1104:
951:
610:
457:
186:
1619:
798:
119:
1713:
301:), these proteins do not share many structural similarities. Only one short region, located in the
1213:
1160:
1231:
Huttner WB, Gerdes HH, Rosa P (January 1991). "The granin (chromogranin/secretogranin) family".
1540:
1491:
1440:
1389:
1340:
1289:
1248:
1205:
177:
1509:
Bartolomucci A, Possenti R, Mahata SK, Fischer-Colbrie R, Loh YP, Salton SR (December 2011).
1530:
1522:
1481:
1471:
1430:
1420:
1379:
1371:
1330:
1320:
1279:
1240:
1197:
1099:
955:
946:
793:
605:
452:
614:
169:
1645:
1635:
1128:
1108:
975:
822:
634:
481:
461:
242:
1560:
802:
1693:
1676:
1640:
1535:
1510:
1486:
1459:
1435:
1408:
1384:
1359:
1335:
1308:
525:
508:
372:
355:
341:
335:
314:
282:
278:
270:
218:
131:
1802:
1777:
1681:
1244:
670:
298:
294:
111:
1217:
75:
1743:
1733:
165:
143:
1580:
1201:
1075:
922:
769:
581:
428:
87:
1748:
1723:
1584:
1138:
985:
832:
644:
491:
274:
246:
1765:
1760:
1511:"The extended granin family: structure, function, and biomedical implications"
1476:
1425:
1082:
929:
776:
588:
435:
306:
302:
1375:
269:. The intracellular biochemistry of granins includes binding of Ca, ATP and
1627:
1325:
293:
Apart from their subcellular location and the abundance of acidic residues (
258:
254:
250:
238:
17:
1544:
1495:
1444:
1393:
1344:
1293:
1209:
1284:
1267:
1252:
115:
46:
1755:
1666:
1576:
1526:
1087:
934:
781:
593:
440:
310:
262:
82:
30:
This article is about the protein family. For other uses of Granin, see
1782:
1615:
1307:
Stridsberg M, Pettersson A, Hagman R, Westin C, Höglund O (June 2014).
266:
226:
222:
99:
94:
1703:
1070:
917:
764:
576:
423:
197:
1787:
1698:
1661:
51:
Structure of SS-cyclized catestatin fragment from chromogranin A.
1770:
1718:
1688:
1572:
1063:
1019:
1002:
910:
866:
849:
757:
713:
696:
682:
676:
666:
569:
416:
159:
70:
1588:
1164:
1309:"Chromogranins can be measured in samples from cats and dogs"
1460:"Catestatin and vasostatin concentrations in healthy dogs"
249:, giving rise to an array of peptide fragments for which
1571:
This article incorporates text from the public domain
225:
ubiquitously found in the cores of amine and peptide
1358:
Höglund OV, Hagman R, Stridsberg M (27 March 2015).
229:
and neurotransmitter dense-core secretory vesicles.
1654:
1626:
1134:
1124:
1119:
1098:
1093:
1081:
1069:
1057:
1045:
1033:
1025:
1015:
1010:
1001:
981:
971:
966:
945:
940:
928:
916:
904:
892:
880:
872:
862:
857:
848:
828:
818:
813:
792:
787:
775:
763:
751:
739:
727:
719:
709:
704:
695:
640:
630:
625:
604:
599:
587:
575:
563:
551:
539:
531:
521:
516:
507:
487:
477:
472:
451:
446:
434:
422:
410:
398:
386:
378:
368:
363:
354:
196:
176:
158:
153:
137:
125:
105:
93:
81:
69:
61:
56:
39:
1266:Stridsberg M, Angeletti RH, Helle KB (June 2000).
1600:
8:
1607:
1593:
1585:
1116:
963:
810:
622:
469:
150:
45:
1563:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1534:
1485:
1475:
1434:
1424:
1383:
1334:
1324:
1283:
1179:
998:
845:
692:
504:
351:
217:(chromogranin and secretogranin) is a
40:Granin (chromogranin or secretogranin)
36:
7:
309:section; this region includes two
261:activities have been demonstrated
25:
359:(parathyroid secretory protein 1)
1233:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
1:
1464:Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
154:Available protein structures:
1824:Genes on human chromosome 15
1814:Genes on human chromosome 20
1809:Genes on human chromosome 14
1272:The Journal of Endocrinology
1245:10.1016/0968-0004(91)90012-K
1202:10.1016/j.regpep.2003.10.035
1819:Genes on human chromosome 2
1845:
1570:
690:
349:
29:
1829:Protein structural motifs
1709:Brain natriuretic peptide
1477:10.1186/s13028-016-0274-8
1426:10.1186/s13104-016-2193-1
1115:
962:
809:
621:
468:
149:
44:
1739:Olfactory marker protein
1565:Medical Subject Headings
1376:10.1177/2050312115576432
1729:Neuronal calcium sensor
1326:10.1186/1756-0500-7-336
313:residues involved in a
221:of regulated secretory
32:Granin (disambiguation)
1285:10.1677/joe.0.1650703
1620:nerve tissue protein
1527:10.1210/er.2010-0027
1370:: 2050312115576432.
1714:Nerve growth factor
1190:Regulatory Peptides
1413:BMC Research Notes
1364:SAGE Open Medicine
1313:BMC Research Notes
1796:
1795:
1515:Endocrine Reviews
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
995:
994:
991:
990:
850:secretogranin III
842:
841:
838:
837:
677:secretogranin III
669:(SgII) (see also
658:
657:
654:
653:
650:
649:
512:(secretogranin 1)
501:
500:
497:
496:
212:
211:
208:
207:
203:structure summary
16:(Redirected from
1836:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1586:
1549:
1548:
1538:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1489:
1479:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1438:
1428:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1328:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1287:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1184:
1117:
999:
964:
846:
811:
700:(chromogranin C)
697:secretogranin II
693:
689:
688:
667:secretogranin II
623:
505:
470:
352:
348:
347:
151:
49:
37:
21:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1650:
1646:Gamma-synuclein
1636:Alpha-synuclein
1622:
1613:
1583:
1557:
1552:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1157:
1005:
1003:secretogranin V
852:
699:
683:secretogranin V
663:
511:
358:
332:
327:
291:
243:neuro-endocrine
235:
127:OPM superfamily
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1842:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1801:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1694:Gap-43 protein
1691:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1677:Chromogranin A
1669:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1641:Beta-synuclein
1638:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1589:
1569:
1568:
1556:
1555:External links
1553:
1551:
1550:
1501:
1450:
1399:
1350:
1299:
1258:
1223:
1196:(1–2): 75–87.
1178:
1176:
1173:
1156:
1155:Extended group
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1102:
1096:
1095:
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1085:
1079:
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1067:
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1027:
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1017:
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1012:
1008:
1007:
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983:
979:
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973:
969:
968:
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959:
949:
943:
942:
938:
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932:
926:
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920:
914:
913:
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896:
890:
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884:
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869:
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854:
843:
840:
839:
836:
835:
830:
826:
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820:
816:
815:
807:
806:
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790:
789:
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784:
779:
773:
772:
767:
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760:
755:
749:
748:
743:
737:
736:
731:
725:
724:
721:
717:
716:
711:
707:
706:
702:
701:
687:
686:
680:
674:
662:
661:Secretogranins
659:
656:
655:
652:
651:
648:
647:
642:
638:
637:
632:
628:
627:
619:
618:
608:
602:
601:
597:
596:
591:
585:
584:
579:
573:
572:
567:
561:
560:
555:
549:
548:
543:
537:
536:
533:
529:
528:
523:
519:
518:
514:
513:
509:chromogranin B
502:
499:
498:
495:
494:
489:
485:
484:
479:
475:
474:
466:
465:
455:
449:
448:
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438:
432:
431:
426:
420:
419:
414:
408:
407:
402:
396:
395:
390:
384:
383:
380:
376:
375:
370:
366:
365:
361:
360:
356:chromogranin A
346:
345:
342:chromogranin B
339:
336:chromogranin A
331:
328:
326:
323:
315:disulfide bond
290:
287:
283:neuroendocrine
279:norepinephrine
271:catecholamines
234:
231:
219:protein family
210:
209:
206:
205:
200:
194:
193:
180:
174:
173:
163:
156:
155:
147:
146:
141:
135:
134:
129:
123:
122:
109:
103:
102:
97:
91:
90:
85:
79:
78:
73:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
27:Protein family
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1841:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1778:Synaptophysin
1776:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1561:Chromogranins
1559:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1521:(6): 755–97.
1520:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1278:(3): 703–14.
1277:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1167:(SgVII), and
1166:
1162:
1154:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1006:(7B2 protein)
1004:
1000:
997:
987:
984:
980:
977:
974:
970:
965:
961:
958:
957:
953:
950:
948:
944:
939:
936:
933:
931:
927:
924:
921:
919:
915:
912:
909:
907:
903:
900:
897:
895:
891:
888:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
868:
865:
861:
856:
851:
847:
844:
834:
831:
827:
824:
821:
817:
812:
808:
805:
804:
800:
797:
795:
791:
786:
783:
780:
778:
774:
771:
768:
766:
762:
759:
756:
754:
750:
747:
744:
742:
738:
735:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
715:
712:
708:
703:
698:
694:
691:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
671:secretoneurin
668:
665:
664:
660:
646:
643:
639:
636:
633:
629:
624:
620:
617:
616:
612:
609:
607:
603:
598:
595:
592:
590:
586:
583:
580:
578:
574:
571:
568:
566:
562:
559:
556:
554:
550:
547:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
527:
524:
520:
515:
510:
506:
503:
493:
490:
486:
483:
480:
476:
471:
467:
464:
463:
459:
456:
454:
450:
445:
442:
439:
437:
433:
430:
427:
425:
421:
418:
415:
413:
409:
406:
403:
401:
397:
394:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
374:
371:
367:
362:
357:
353:
350:
343:
340:
337:
334:
333:
330:Chromogranins
329:
324:
322:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
288:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
232:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
204:
201:
199:
195:
192:
188:
184:
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179:
175:
171:
167:
164:
161:
157:
152:
148:
145:
142:
140:
136:
133:
130:
128:
124:
121:
117:
113:
110:
108:
104:
101:
98:
96:
92:
89:
86:
84:
80:
77:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
55:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
1744:S100 protein
1734:Neuropeptide
1671:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1239:(1): 27–30.
1236:
1232:
1226:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1158:
1107:
1026:Alt. symbols
954:
873:Alt. symbols
801:
720:Alt. symbols
613:
532:Alt. symbols
460:
379:Alt. symbols
319:
292:
247:pro-hormones
236:
214:
213:
18:Chromogranin
1749:Calgranulin
1724:Neurogranin
1129:Swiss-model
1011:Identifiers
976:Swiss-model
858:Identifiers
823:Swiss-model
705:Identifiers
635:Swiss-model
517:Identifiers
482:Swiss-model
364:Identifiers
275:epinephrine
139:OPM protein
57:Identifiers
1803:Categories
1419:(1): 381.
1319:(1): 336.
1175:References
1171:(SgVIII).
1125:Structures
1120:Search for
1094:Other data
972:Structures
967:Search for
941:Other data
853:(FLJ90833)
819:Structures
814:Search for
788:Other data
723:CHGC, SgII
631:Structures
626:Search for
600:Other data
478:Structures
473:Search for
447:Other data
307:N-terminal
303:C-terminal
166:structures
1628:Synuclein
1581:IPR001990
1076:NM_003020
1035:NCBI gene
923:NM_013243
882:NCBI gene
770:NM_003469
729:NCBI gene
582:NM_001819
541:NCBI gene
429:NM_001275
388:NCBI gene
289:Structure
259:endocrine
255:paracrine
251:autocrine
239:endocrine
100:PDOC00365
88:IPR001990
1756:Synapsin
1667:Chimerin
1577:InterPro
1545:21862681
1496:28049540
1470:(1): 1.
1445:27484122
1394:26770773
1345:24899097
1294:10828855
1218:43517955
1210:14759560
1163:(SgVI),
1139:InterPro
986:InterPro
833:InterPro
645:InterPro
615:pter-p12
492:InterPro
311:cysteine
263:in vitro
233:Function
223:proteins
183:RCSB PDB
83:InterPro
1783:Tubulin
1616:Protein
1536:3591675
1487:5210291
1436:4969733
1385:4679230
1336:4055239
1253:2053134
1169:ProSAAS
1135:Domains
1109:q13-q14
1105:Chr. 15
1083:UniProt
982:Domains
952:Chr. 15
930:UniProt
829:Domains
803:q35-q36
777:UniProt
679:(SgIII)
641:Domains
611:Chr. 20
589:UniProt
488:Domains
458:Chr. 14
436:UniProt
325:Members
285:cells.
267:in vivo
227:hormone
95:PROSITE
76:PF01271
1704:Myelin
1672:Granin
1567:(MeSH)
1543:
1533:
1494:
1484:
1443:
1433:
1392:
1382:
1343:
1333:
1292:
1251:
1216:
1208:
1161:NESP55
1088:P05408
1071:RefSeq
1064:173120
1016:Symbol
935:Q8WXD2
918:RefSeq
911:611796
863:Symbol
799:Chr. 2
782:P13521
765:RefSeq
758:118930
710:Symbol
594:P05060
577:RefSeq
570:118920
522:Symbol
441:P10645
424:RefSeq
417:118910
369:Symbol
257:, and
215:Granin
198:PDBsum
172:
162:
120:SUPFAM
65:Granin
62:Symbol
1788:GPM6A
1699:GLUT3
1662:Agrin
1655:Other
1214:S2CID
1100:Locus
1052:10816
1029:SGNE1
956:q21.3
947:Locus
899:13707
887:29106
876:SGIII
794:Locus
746:10575
685:(SgV)
606:Locus
453:Locus
344:(CgB)
338:(CgA)
116:SCOPe
107:SCOP2
1719:SCG5
1689:FMR1
1575:and
1573:Pfam
1541:PMID
1492:PMID
1441:PMID
1390:PMID
1341:PMID
1290:PMID
1249:PMID
1206:PMID
1059:OMIM
1047:HGNC
1040:6447
1020:SCG5
906:OMIM
894:HGNC
867:SCG3
753:OMIM
741:HGNC
734:7857
714:SCG2
565:OMIM
558:1930
553:HGNC
546:1114
535:SCG1
526:CHGB
412:OMIM
405:1929
400:HGNC
393:1113
373:CHGA
297:and
265:and
241:and
191:PDBj
187:PDBe
170:ECOD
160:Pfam
144:1lv4
112:1cfk
71:Pfam
1531:PMC
1523:doi
1482:PMC
1472:doi
1431:PMC
1421:doi
1380:PMC
1372:doi
1331:PMC
1321:doi
1280:doi
1276:165
1241:doi
1198:doi
1194:118
1165:VGF
462:q32
382:CGA
299:Glu
295:Asp
178:PDB
132:282
1805::
1618::
1579::
1539:.
1529:.
1519:32
1517:.
1513:.
1490:.
1480:.
1468:59
1466:.
1462:.
1439:.
1429:.
1415:.
1411:.
1388:.
1378:.
1366:.
1362:.
1339:.
1329:.
1315:.
1311:.
1288:.
1274:.
1270:.
1247:.
1237:16
1235:.
1212:.
1204:.
1192:.
317:.
277:,
253:,
189:;
185:;
168:/
118:/
114:/
1771:3
1766:2
1761:1
1682:B
1608:e
1601:t
1594:v
1547:.
1525::
1498:.
1474::
1447:.
1423::
1417:9
1396:.
1374::
1368:3
1347:.
1323::
1317:7
1296:.
1282::
1255:.
1243::
1220:.
1200::
673:)
273:(
34:.
20:)
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