Chronic condition - Knowledge (XXG)

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restrict their daily life present with more depression and lower self-esteem than healthy adults and adults with non-restricting chronic illness. The emotional influence of chronic illness also has an effect on the intellectual and educational development of the individual. For example, people living with type 1 diabetes endure a lifetime of monotonous and rigorous health care management usually involving daily blood glucose monitoring, insulin injections, and constant self-care. This type of constant attention that is required by type 1 diabetes and other chronic illness can result in psychological maladjustment. There have been several theories, namely one called diabetes resilience theory, that posit that protective processes buffer the impact of risk factors on the individual's development and functioning.

905:$ 2 trillion spent annually in U.S. medical care are due to chronic conditions; spending are even higher in proportion for Medicare beneficiaries (aged 65 years and older). Furthermore, in 2017 it was estimated that 90% of the $ 3.3 billion spent on healthcare in the United States was due to the treatment of chronic diseases and conditions. Spending growth is driven in part by the greater prevalence of chronic illnesses and the longer life expectancy of the population. Also, improvement in treatments has significantly extended the lifespans of patients with chronic diseases but results in additional costs over long period of time. A striking success is the development of combined 756:

unmet need for chronic disease treatment. They led their health centers staffed by nurses and health officers; so, there are specific training required for involvement in the programmed must be carried out regularly, to ensure that new staff is educated in administering chronic disease care. The program shows that community-based care and education, primarily driven by nurses and health officers, works. It highlights the importance of nurses following up with individuals in the community, and allowing nurses flexibility in meeting their patients' needs and educating them for self-care in their homes.

846: 599: 743:) medical care and attend scheduled medical appointments may help improve outcomes and reduce medical costs due to missed appointments. Finding patient-centered alternatives to doctors or consultants scheduling medical appointments has been suggested as a means of improving the number of people with chronic conditions that miss medical appointments, however there is no strong evidence that these approaches make a difference. 991:

conditions when it interferes with other aspects of her life or well-being. Many women report feeling less than or even "half of a woman" due to the pressures that society puts on the importance of fertility and health when it comes to typically feminine ideals. These kinds of social barriers interfere with women's ability to perform various other activities in life and fully work toward their aspirations.

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towards a psychosocial approach to chronic illness to aid the increasing number of individuals diagnosed with these conditions. Despite this movement, there is still criticism that chronic conditions are not being treated appropriately, and there is not enough emphasis on the behavioral aspects of chronic conditions or psychological types of support for patients.

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updated review in 2022 did determine a slight improvement in measures of obesity and physical activity as the use of improved strategies lead to increased implementation interventions but continued to call for additional research to address questions related to alcohol use and risk. Encouraging those with chronic conditions to continue with their outpatient (

115:. It is possible and not unexpected for an illness to change in definition from terminal to chronic. Diabetes and HIV for example were once terminal yet are now considered chronic due to the availability of insulin for diabetics and daily drug treatment for individuals with HIV which allow these individuals to live while managing symptoms. 752:

chronic diseases, replacing a more holistic role for nursing with an emphasis on patients managing their own health conditions. Critics note that this is challenging if not impossible for patients with chronic disease in low-income communities where health care systems, and economic and social structures do not fully support this practice.

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to maintain independence as well as the chronic illness being a source of stress for the individual. A study of loneliness in adults over age 65 found that low levels of loneliness as well as high levels of familial support were associated with better outcomes of multiple chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes.

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illness have about a twofold increase in psychiatric disorders. Higher parental depression and other family stressors predicted more problems among patients. In addition, sibling problems along with the burden of illness on the family as a whole led to more psychological strain on the patients and their families.

982:. There is little regulation on the cost of chronic illness drugs, which suggests that abusing the lack of a drug cap can create a large market for drug revenue. Likewise, certain chronic conditions can last throughout one's lifetime and create pathways for pharmaceutical companies to take advantage of this. 828:

diabetes, chronic lower respiratory diseases, influenza and pneumonia, and, finally, Alzheimer's disease. Though the rates of chronic disease differ by race for those living with chronic illness, the statistics for leading causes of death among elderly are nearly identical across racial/ethnic groups.

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The connection between chronic illness and loneliness is established, yet oftentimes ignored in treatment. One study for example found that a greater number of chronic illnesses per individual were associated with feelings of loneliness. Some of the possible reasons for this listed are an inability

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The epidemiology of communicable chronic diseases such as AIDS is also different from that of noncommunicable chronic disease. While Social factors do play a role in AIDS prevalence, only exposure is truly needed to contract this chronic disease. Communicable chronic diseases are also typically only

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Some epidemiology of chronic disease can apply to multiple diagnosis. Obesity and body fat distribution for example contribute and are risk factors for many chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart, and kidney disease. Other epidemiological factors, such as social, socioeconomic, and environment do

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There are several psychosocial risk and resistance factors among children with chronic illness and their family members. Adults with chronic illness were significantly more likely to report life dissatisfaction than those without chronic illness. Compared to their healthy peers, children with chronic

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There are some recent movements in the medical sphere to address these connections when treating patients with chronic illness. The biopsychosocial approach for example, developed in 2006 focuses on patients "patient's personality, family, culture, and health dynamics." Physicians are leaning more

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Chronic diseases are a major factor in the continuous growth of medical care spending. In 2002, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services stated that the health care for chronic diseases cost the most among all health problems in the U.S. Healthy People 2010 reported that more than 75% of the

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In examining the statistics of chronic disease among the living elderly, it is also important to make note of the statistics pertaining to fatalities as a result of chronic disease. Heart disease is the leading cause of death from chronic disease for adults older than 65, followed by cancer, stroke,

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As of 2003, there are a few programs which aim to gain more knowledge on the epidemiology of chronic disease using data collection. The hope of these programs is to gather epidemiological data on various chronic diseases across the United States and demonstrate how this knowledge can be valuable in

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Nursing can play an important role in assisting patients with chronic diseases achieve longevity and experience wellness. Scholars point out that the current neoliberal era emphasizes self-care, in both affluent and low-income communities. This self-care focus extends to the nursing of patients with

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in chronic illness, although there may be many other factors involved. Racial minorities are 1.5-2 times more likely to have most chronic diseases than white individuals. Non-Hispanic blacks are 40% more likely to have high blood pressure that non-Hispanic whites, diagnosed diabetes is 77% higher

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A study in Ethiopia showcases a nursing-heavy approach to the management of chronic disease. Foregrounding the problem of distance from healthcare facility, the study recommends patients increase their request for care. It uses nurses and health officers to fill, in a cost-efficient way, the large

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produced a report that estimated investing $ 10 per person annually in community-based programs of proven effectiveness and promoting healthy lifestyle (increase in physical activity, healthier diet and preventing tobacco use) could save more than $ 16 billion annually within a period of just five

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itself is a medical condition and not a disease, but it constitutes a major risk factor for developing chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, stroke, cardiovascular disease and cancers. Obesity results in significant health care spending and indirect costs, as illustrated by a recent study from the

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in America. Chronic diseases like stroke, heart disease, and cancer were among the leading causes of death among Americans aged 65 or older in 2002, accounting for 61% of all deaths among this subset of the population. It is estimated that at least 80% of older Americans are currently living with

1030:. There are also broader groups focused on advocacy or research into chronic illness in general, such as the National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Partnership to Fight Chronic Disease, the Chronic Disease Coalition which arose in Oregon in 2015, and the Chronic Policy Care Alliance. 729:

Studies have shown that public health programs are effective in reducing mortality rates associated to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer, but the results are somewhat heterogeneous depending on the type of condition and the type of programs involved. For example, results from different

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to its development, counseling and immunizations against infectious agents. Despite their effectiveness, the utilization of preventive services is typically lower than for regular medical services. In contrast to their apparent cost in time and money, the benefits of preventive services are not

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The majority of US health care and economic costs associated with medical conditions are incurred by chronic diseases and conditions and associated health risk behaviors. Eighty-four percent of all health care spending in 2006 was for the 50% of the population who have one or more common chronic

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Chronic conditions have often been used to describe the various health related states of the human body such as syndromes, physical impairments, disabilities as well as diseases. Epidemiologists have found interest in chronic conditions due to the fact they contribute to disease, disability, and

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In the United States, as of 2004 nearly one in two Americans (133 million) has at least one chronic medical condition, with most subjects (58%) between the ages of 18 and 64. The number is projected to increase by more than one percent per year by 2030, resulting in an estimated chronically ill

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A 2017 review (updated in 2022) found that it is uncertain whether school-based policies on targeting risk factors on chronic diseases such as healthy eating policies, physical activity policies, and tobacco policies can improve student health behaviours or knowledge of staffs and students. The

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Gender influences how chronic disease is viewed and treated in society. Women's chronic health issues are often considered to be most worthy of treatment or most severe when the chronic condition interferes with a woman's fertility. Historically, there is less of a focus on a woman's chronic

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The mental health intersectionality on those with chronic conditions is a large aspect often overlooked by doctors. And chronic illness therapists are available for support to help with the mental toll of chronic illness a it is often underestimated in society. Adults with chronic illness that

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The connection between loneliness, overall health, and chronic conditions has recently been highlighted. Some studies have shown that loneliness has detrimental health effects similar to that of smoking and obesity. One study found that feelings of isolation are associated with higher self

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some form of a chronic condition, with 50% of this population having two or more chronic conditions. The two most common chronic conditions in the elderly are high blood pressure and arthritis, with diabetes, coronary heart disease, and cancer also being reported among the elder population.

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Chronic illnesses cause about 70% of deaths in the US and in 2002 chronic conditions (heart disease, cancers, stroke, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, mental illness and kidney diseases) were six of the top ten causes of mortality in the general US population.

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not have a straightforward cause and effect relationship with chronic disease diagnosis. While typically higher socioeconomic status is correlated with lower occurrence of chronic disease, it is not known is there is a direct cause and effect relationship between these two variables.

812:(MEPS), about 60% of adult Americans were estimated to have one chronic illness, with about 40% having more than one; this rate appears to be mostly unchanged from 2008. MEPS data from 1998 showed 45% of adult Americans had at least one chronic illness, and 21% had more than one. 966:

In some countries, laws protect patients with chronic conditions from excessive financial responsibility; for example, as of 2008 France limited copayments for those with chronic conditions, and Germany limits cost sharing to 1% of income versus 2% for the general public.

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observed in the care of chronic disease. Lack of access and delay in receiving care result in worse outcomes for patients from minorities and underserved populations. Those barriers to medical care complicate patients monitoring and continuity in treatment.

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In addition to direct costs in health care, chronic diseases are a significant burden to the economy, through limitations in daily activities, loss in productivity and loss of days of work. A particular concern is the rising rates of overweight and

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With longer life expectancies in most countries and the globalization of "Western" diets and sedentarism, the main burden of disease and death from these conditions is falling on already-disadvantaged developing countries and poor communities

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approaches in cancer prevention and screening depended highly on the type of cancer. The rising number of patient with chronic diseases has renewed the interest in prevention and its potential role in helping control costs. In 2008, the

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the public, and promoting healthy lifestyles and awareness about chronic diseases. While those programs can benefit from funding at different levels (state, federal, private) their implementation is mostly in charge of local agencies and

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where the disease temporarily goes away, or subsequently reappears. Periods of remission and relapse are commonly discussed when referring to substance abuse disorders which some consider to fall under the category of chronic condition.

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typically affects one portion of the body and responds to treatment. A chronic condition, on the other hand, usually affects multiple areas of the body, is not fully responsive to treatment, and persists for an extended period of time.

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Texas comptroller reporting that obesity alone cost Texas businesses an extra $ 9.5 billion in 2009, including more than $ 4 billion for health care, $ 5 billion for lost productivity and absenteeism, and $ 321 million for disability.

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Strine TW, Chapman DP, Balluz LS, Moriarty DG, Mokdad AH (February 2008). "The associations between life satisfaction and health-related quality of life, chronic illness, and health behaviors among U.S. community-dwelling adults".

253:. Additionally, some socioeconomic factors may be considered as a chronic condition as they lead to disability in daily life. An important one that public health officials in the social science setting have begun highlighting is 173:(WHO) attributes 38 million deaths a year to non-communicable diseases. In the United States approximately 40% of adults have at least two chronic conditions. Living with two or more chronic conditions is referred to as 3977: 652:

While risk factors vary with age and gender, many of the common chronic diseases in the US are caused by dietary, lifestyle and metabolic risk factors. Therefore, these conditions might be prevented by

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Brown P, Mayer B, Zavestoski S, Luebke T, Mandelbaum J, McCormick S (August 2003). "The health politics of asthma: environmental justice and collective illness experience in the United States".

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Halverson PK, Miller CA, Kaluzny AD, Fried BJ, Schenck SE, Richards TB (1996). "Performing public health functions: the perceived contribution of public health and other community agencies".

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among non-Hispanic blacks, and American Indians and Alaska Natives are 60% more likely to be obese than non-Hispanic whites. Some of this prevalence has been suggested to be in part from

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Daniels D, Moos RH, Billings AG, Miller JJ (June 1987). "Psychosocial risk and resistance factors among children with chronic illness, healthy siblings, and healthy controls".

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The epidemiology of chronic disease is diverse and the epidemiology of some chronic diseases can change in response to new treatments. In the treatment of HIV, the success of

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People with chronic conditions pay more out-of-pocket; a study found that Americans spent $ 2,243 more on average. The financial burden can increase medication non-adherence.

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Cadman D, Boyle M, Offord DR (June 1988). "The Ontario Child Health Study: social adjustment and mental health of siblings of children with chronic health problems".

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Schoen C, Osborn R, How SK, Doty MM, Peugh J (2009-01-01). "In chronic condition: experiences of patients with complex health care needs, in eight countries, 2008".

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is effective in reducing the effect of chronic conditions; in particular, early detection results in less severe outcomes. Clinical preventive services include

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therapies means that many patients will experience this infection as a chronic disease that for many will span several decades of their chronic life.

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In the United States, there are a number of nonprofits focused on chronic conditions, including entities focused on specific diseases such as the

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directly perceived by patient because their effects are on the long term or might be greater for society as a whole than at the individual level.

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Harrell SP (January 2000). "A multidimensional conceptualization of racism-related stress: implications for the well-being of people of color".

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and low-income populations are less likely to seek, access and receive preventive services necessary to detect conditions at an early stage.

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Wilkinson A, Whitehead L (August 2009). "Evolution of the concept of self-care and implications for nurses: a literature review".

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treatable with medication intervention, rather than lifestyle change as some non-communicable chronic diseases can be treated.

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reporting of health as poor, and feelings of loneliness increased the likelihood of mental health disorders in individuals.

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Baumgartner RN, Heymsfield SB, Roche AF (January 1995). "Human body composition and the epidemiology of chronic disease".

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In Europe, the European Chronic Disease Alliance was formed in 2011, which represents over 100,000 healthcare workers.

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In 2015 the World Health Organization produced a report on non-communicable diseases, citing the four major types as:

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Treatment of chronic medical conditions: cognitive-behavioral therapy strategies and integrative treatment protocols

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There have been recent links between social factors and prevalence as well as outcome of chronic conditions.

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and people with chronic conditions. Life-saving drugs, or life-extending drugs, can be inflated for a

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Whear R, Thompson-Coon J, Rogers M, Abbott RA, Anderson L, Ukoumunne O, et al. (April 2020).

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is considered to be not only a chronic condition itself but also correlated with diseases such as

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Coyle CE, Dugan E (December 2012). "Social isolation, loneliness and health among older adults".

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causes. Some chronic conditions though, are caused by transmissible infections such as HIV/AIDS.

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CHRODIS: EU Joint Action on Chronic Diseases and Promoting Healthy Ageing Across the Life-Cycle

4020: 3850: 3831: 3808: 3787: 3763: 3744: 3723: 3699: 3679: 3658: 3581: 3513: 3437: 3412: 3389: 3354: 3305: 3270: 3252: 3213: 3164: 3105: 3070: 3013: 2978: 2929: 2919: 2877: 2831: 2796: 2722: 2666: 2624: 2536: 2457: 2422: 2378: 2343: 2308: 2259: 2205: 2167: 2118: 2066: 1992: 1951: 1902: 1873: 1842: 1796: 1753: 1717: 1656: 1604: 1465: 1255: 1206: 1157: 1069: 438: 399: 311: 96: 64: 1712: 1695: 665:, e.g., socioeconomic status, education level, and race/ethnicity, are a major cause for the 4037: 3571: 3540: 3505: 3478: 3381: 3344: 3336: 3297: 3260: 3244: 3203: 3195: 3154: 3144: 3097: 3060: 3052: 3005: 2968: 2960: 2869: 2823: 2786: 2776: 2714: 2658: 2614: 2526: 2516: 2449: 2412: 2370: 2335: 2298: 2290: 2249: 2241: 2197: 2157: 2149: 2108: 2100: 2089:"Patient-initiated appointment systems for adults with chronic conditions in secondary care" 2056: 2048: 1982: 1941: 1933: 1834: 1788: 1745: 1707: 1646: 1638: 1594: 1584: 1496: 1457: 1430: 1371: 1281: 1245: 1237: 1196: 1188: 1147: 1137: 723: 718: 131: 112: 33: 2035:

Wolfenden L, McCrabb S, Barnes C, O'Brien KM, Ng KW, Nathan NK, et al. (August 2022).

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of the disease lasts for more than three months. Common chronic diseases include

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Bodies in Protest: Environmental Illness and the Struggle Over Medical Knowledge

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Chronic conditions, fluid states: Chronicity and the anthropology of illness

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that led to remarkable improvement in survival rates and quality of life of

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Researchers, particularly those studying the United States, utilize the

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population of 171 million. The most common chronic conditions are

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Other examples of chronic diseases and health conditions include:

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63% of all deaths worldwide are from chronic conditions. Chronic

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The list below includes these chronic conditions and diseases:

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Final Negotiations: A Story of Love, Loss, and Chronic Illness

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Robert Wood Johnson Foundation & Partnership for Solutions

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Journal of Health and Human Services Administration

3823: 3804:The Wounded Storyteller: Body, Illness, and Ethics 3740:Beyond Words: Illness and the Limits of Expression 2505:"The growing burden of chronic disease in America" 2480:"Multiple Chronic Conditions in the United States" 1820: 1818: 1781:Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 2855: 2853: 2183: 2181: 1694:Sondik EJ, Huang DT, Klein RJ, Satcher D (2010). 661:are important risk factors for chronic diseases. 126:conditions are distinguished from those that are 3698:. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press. 3657:. Oakland, California: Timeless Infinite Light. 2707:Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 2473: 2471: 2442:Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 1175:Jaeger J, Borod JC, Peselow E (September 1996). 55:that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in 3743:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 2562:"The state of aging and health in America 2007" 2396:Solomons N, Kruger HS, Puoane TR (2017-10-10). 2277:Deeks SG, Lewin SR, Havlir DV (November 2013). 1872:(1st ed.). Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier. 2478:Buttorff C, Ruder T, Bauman M (May 26, 2017). 3971: 2587:"Common Chronic Conditions and Aging at Home" 1514: 1512: 1510: 853:The examples and perspective in this section 606:The examples and perspective in this section 150:Chronic conditions are often associated with 8: 2223: 2221: 2219: 238:diminished physical and/or mental capacity. 59:or a disease that comes with time. The term 27:Persistent human health condition or disease 3933:theme issue on Confronting Chronic Diseases 2093:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2041:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1971:"Are we finally winning the war on cancer?" 1620: 1618: 1226:"Managing addiction as a chronic condition" 3997: 3978: 3964: 3956: 3137:International Journal for Equity in Health 2998:European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 1425:. Chronic Poverty and Development Policy. 871:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 624:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 3575: 3348: 3264: 3207: 3158: 3148: 3064: 3041:"Emotional dimensions of chronic disease" 2972: 2790: 2780: 2618: 2530: 2520: 2416: 2302: 2253: 2161: 2112: 2060: 1986: 1945: 1711: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1650: 1598: 1588: 1249: 1230:Addiction Science & Clinical Practice 1200: 1151: 1141: 887:Learn how and when to remove this message 640:Learn how and when to remove this message 554:Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome 414:Chronic osteoarticular diseases, such as 3374:International Journal of Health Services 2190:International Journal of Nursing Studies 1713:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103613 921:in all segments of the U.S. population. 349:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 216:by adding descriptive text and removing 3558:Capewell S, Andersen K (October 2011). 2013:. Trust for America's Health. July 2008 1450:The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 1116: 138:Chronic conditions may have periods of 3822:Heshusius L, Fishman SM (2009-08-20). 2918:. American Psychological Association. 1678:. New York, NY: The Commonwealth Fund. 1303:"Noncommunicable diseases. Fact sheet" 300:Chronic respiratory diseases, such as 2082: 2080: 2030: 2028: 517: 306:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 268:codes as "chronic" or "non-chronic". 89:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 7: 3950:Chronic Disease and Health Promotion 3432:Manderson L, Smith-Morris C (2010). 2011:"Prevention for a Healthier America" 1975:The Journal of Economic Perspectives 1827:Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 1224:Dennis M, Scott CK (December 2007). 705:for the existence of the disease or 241:For example, high blood pressure or 73:functional gastrointestinal disorder 3990:used to describe disease conditions 3341:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.09.01 3039:Turner J, Kelly B (February 2000). 1124:Bernell S, Howard SW (2016-08-02). 1050:Chronic disease in Northern Ontario 1011:Advocacy and research organizations 3760:Ordinary life: a memoir of illness 2947:Clark NM, Gong M (February 2000). 2901:American Psychological Association 2638:from the original on Nov 29, 2023. 2597:from the original on Sep 24, 2022. 2574:from the original on Jun 20, 2024. 2340:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00124.x 437:Dermatological conditions such as 109:acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 25: 3762:. New York: W. H. Freeman Press. 3678:. University of Minnesota Press. 2136:Salmond SW, Echevarria M (2017). 1920:Mays GP, Smith SA (August 2011). 1631:American Journal of Public Health 154:which are distinguished by their 3940:Public Health Agency of Canada: 3845:Kroll-Smith S, Floyd HH (1997). 2454:10.1097/00124784-200307000-00003 1793:10.1097/00004703-198806000-00001 1193:10.1097/00006416-199609000-00014 844: 810:Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 681:medical conditions (CDC, 2014). 597: 189: 3606:. Marketwired. 19 November 2015 3045:The Western Journal of Medicine 2862:Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 469:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder 448:Deafness and hearing impairment 3409:The Medical Industrial Complex 2503:Anderson G, Horvath J (2004). 2202:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.12.011 2105:10.1002/14651858.CD010763.pub2 2053:10.1002/14651858.CD011677.pub3 1700:Annual Review of Public Health 1181:Journal of Affective Disorders 1028:Crohn's and Colitis Foundation 561:and other hemoglobin disorders 433:complex regional pain syndrome 1: 3510:10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00375-1 3498:Social Science & Medicine 3483:10.1080/10455752.2016.1213013 2295:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61809-7 1501:10.1016/s0305-750x(02)00214-0 1435:10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00222-X 1338:"Chronic Diseases in America" 1020:American Diabetes Association 815:According to research by the 4093:Human diseases and disorders 3892:Regarding the Pain of Others 3436:. Rutgers University Press. 2769:Indian Journal of Psychiatry 2719:10.1097/PHH.0000000000001099 2246:10.7861/clinmedicine.7-3-228 2154:10.1097/NOR.0000000000000308 1870:Handbook of health economics 1590:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000058 995:Socioeconomic class and race 797:, respiratory diseases like 785:addressing chronic disease. 429:post-vasectomy pain syndrome 165:constitute a major cause of 3948:World Health Organization: 3471:Capitalism Nature Socialism 3386:10.2190/4M3E-L0YF-W1TD-EKG0 3329:Journal of Thoracic Disease 3323:Grouse L (September 2014). 2816:Journal of Aging and Health 1738:Journal of Community Health 1706:: 271–81 4 p folliwng 281. 1553:, World Health Organization 1080:Disease management (health) 867:, discuss the issue on the 620:, discuss the issue on the 549:Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome 262:Chronic Condition Indicator 51:) is a health condition or 4114: 3895:. Susan Sontag Foundation. 3881:. Susan Sontag Foundation. 2874:10.1016/j.apnu.2008.11.002 2763:Tiwari SC (October 2013). 2750:Worksite Wellness Programs 1342:Center for Disease Control 1130:Frontiers in Public Health 1100:Natural history of disease 972:medical-industrial complex 930:Social and personal impact 732:Trust for America's Health 717:programs are important in 63:is often applied when the 31: 3995: 3200:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000505 3150:10.1186/s12939-014-0105-3 3102:10.1007/s11892-012-0314-3 2663:10.1377/hlthaff.28.2.w358 2522:10.1016/j.phr.2004.04.005 1938:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0196 1750:10.1007/s10900-007-9066-4 1307:World Health Organization 1085:Dynamic treatment regimes 1055:Chronic Illness (journal) 565:Substance Abuse Disorders 520:chronic fatigue syndrome) 514:Myalgic encephalomyelitis 395:graft-versus-host disease 171:World Health Organization 152:non-communicable diseases 3577:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr271 3533:Social Science Quarterly 3090:Current Diabetes Reports 2965:10.1136/bmj.320.7234.572 2828:10.1177/0898264312460275 2782:10.4103/0019-5545.120536 2765:"Loneliness: A disease?" 1643:10.2105/AJPH.2009.166082 1550:Noncommunicable diseases 1376:10.3310/collection_45881 1143:10.3389/fpubh.2016.00159 1045:Chronic disease in China 976:pharmaceutical companies 808:Based on data from 2014 484:Hereditary spherocytosis 378:relapsing polychondritis 32:Not to be confused with 4059:Acronym or abbreviation 3545:10.1111/1540-6237.00082 3302:10.1377/hlthaff.28.1.w1 2375:10.1001/jama.276.10.792 1040:Chronic care management 1024:Alzheimer's Association 1000:Race is also implicated 374:Hashimoto's thyroiditis 288:cerebrovascular disease 284:Cardiovascular diseases 218:less pertinent examples 4025:Differential diagnosis 3624:Helms L (2019-05-17). 3564:European Heart Journal 3057:10.1136/ewjm.172.2.124 2418:10.4102/hsag.v22i0.970 453:Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 425:Chronic pain syndromes 410:Chronic kidney disease 18:Chronic health problem 3010:10.1007/s007870200015 2509:Public Health Reports 3653:Berkowitz A (2015). 2405:Health SA Gesondheid 1637:(Suppl 1): S186–96. 1005:environmental racism 913:-infected patients. 865:improve this section 855:may not represent a 618:improve this section 608:may not represent a 489:Huntington's disease 420:rheumatoid arthritis 405:Chronic pancreatitis 328:gestational diabetes 296:ischemic cardiopathy 4088:Medical terminology 3878:Illness as Metaphor 3237:Health Expectations 2620:10.15620/cdc:122044 907:antiviral therapies 791:high blood pressure 659:Social determinants 544:Periodontal disease 539:Parkinson's disease 362:lupus erythematosus 354:Autoimmune diseases 344:Atrial fibrillation 339:Alzheimer's disease 214:improve the article 93:autoimmune diseases 4098:Disability by type 4004:Signs and symptoms 3692:Charmaz K (1991). 2142:Orthopedic Nursing 1988:10.1257/jep.22.4.3 1969:Cutler DM (2008). 1839:10.1007/BF00916356 1242:10.1151/ascp074145 1075:Disability studies 821:elderly population 693:A growing body of 655:behavioral changes 559:Sickle cell anemia 509:Multiple sclerosis 358:ulcerative colitis 4075: 4074: 4070: 4069: 4055:Eponymous disease 4021:Medical diagnosis 3856:978-0-8147-4752-0 3837:978-0-8014-4796-9 3814:978-0-226-00497-6 3801:Frank AW (2013). 3793:978-1-4399-1715-2 3769:978-0-7167-3036-1 3758:Conway K (1997). 3750:978-0-8263-5324-5 3737:Conway K (2013). 3729:978-0-19-534022-8 3705:978-0-8135-1711-7 3664:978-1-937421-15-1 3604:finance.yahoo.com 3570:(19): 2333–2340. 3418:978-0-517-55351-0 3249:10.1111/hex.13166 3188:BMJ Global Health 2925:978-1-4338-0389-5 2914:Sperry L (2009). 2895:Sperry L (2006). 2289:(9903): 1525–33. 2234:Clinical Medicine 1879:978-0-444-82290-1 1489:World Development 1423:World Development 1284:on March 28, 2013 1070:Course (medicine) 897: 896: 889: 650: 649: 642: 439:atopic dermatitis 400:Chronic hepatitis 312:Diabetes mellitus 264:(CCI) which maps 235: 234: 97:genetic disorders 41:chronic condition 16:(Redirected from 4105: 3998: 3980: 3973: 3966: 3957: 3916: 3911:. Archived from 3896: 3882: 3868: 3841: 3829: 3818: 3797: 3773: 3754: 3733: 3709: 3687: 3668: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3636: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3611: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3579: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3352: 3335:(9): E203–E206. 3320: 3314: 3313: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3268: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3211: 3179: 3173: 3172: 3162: 3152: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3068: 3036: 3030: 3029: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2976: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2857: 2848: 2847: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2794: 2784: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2692: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2646: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2622: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2566: 2558: 2545: 2544: 2534: 2524: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2490: 2475: 2466: 2465: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2420: 2402: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2358: 2352: 2351: 2328:Obesity Research 2323: 2317: 2316: 2306: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2257: 2225: 2214: 2213: 2185: 2176: 2175: 2165: 2133: 2127: 2126: 2116: 2084: 2075: 2074: 2064: 2032: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2007: 2001: 2000: 1990: 1966: 1960: 1959: 1949: 1917: 1911: 1910: 1890: 1884: 1883: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1822: 1813: 1812: 1776: 1770: 1769: 1732: 1726: 1725: 1715: 1691: 1680: 1679: 1671: 1665: 1664: 1654: 1622: 1613: 1612: 1602: 1592: 1568: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1545: 1539: 1538: 1536: 1535: 1516: 1505: 1504: 1483:Hulme D (2003). 1480: 1474: 1473: 1462:10.1037/h0087722 1445: 1439: 1438: 1418: 1412: 1411: 1409: 1408: 1394: 1388: 1387: 1360: 1354: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1334: 1328: 1325: 1319: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1299: 1293: 1292: 1290: 1289: 1280:. Archived from 1270: 1264: 1263: 1253: 1221: 1215: 1214: 1204: 1172: 1166: 1165: 1155: 1145: 1121: 892: 885: 881: 878: 872: 848: 847: 840: 803:high cholesterol 645: 638: 634: 631: 625: 601: 600: 593: 519: 230: 227: 221: 193: 192: 185: 113:terminal illness 34:Chronic toxicity 21: 4113: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4103: 4102: 4078: 4077: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4057: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4032: 4027: 4023: 4015: 4010: 4006: 3991: 3984: 3942:Chronic Disease 3907: 3904: 3899: 3885: 3871: 3857: 3844: 3838: 3821: 3815: 3800: 3794: 3776: 3770: 3757: 3751: 3736: 3730: 3712: 3706: 3691: 3671: 3665: 3652: 3648: 3646:Further reading 3643: 3634: 3632: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3609: 3607: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3557: 3556: 3552: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3468: 3467: 3463: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3419: 3407:Wohl S (1984). 3406: 3405: 3401: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3322: 3321: 3317: 3287: 3286: 3282: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3181: 3180: 3176: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3038: 3037: 3033: 2995: 2994: 2990: 2959:(7234): 572–5. 2946: 2945: 2941: 2926: 2913: 2912: 2908: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2859: 2858: 2851: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2747: 2746: 2742: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2690: 2688: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2648: 2647: 2643: 2635: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2571: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2548: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2488: 2486: 2477: 2476: 2469: 2439: 2438: 2434: 2400: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2360: 2359: 2355: 2325: 2324: 2320: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2227: 2226: 2217: 2187: 2186: 2179: 2135: 2134: 2130: 2099:(4): CD010763. 2086: 2085: 2078: 2047:(8): CD011677. 2034: 2033: 2026: 2016: 2014: 2009: 2008: 2004: 1968: 1967: 1963: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1892: 1891: 1887: 1880: 1867: 1866: 1862: 1824: 1823: 1816: 1778: 1777: 1773: 1734: 1733: 1729: 1693: 1692: 1683: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1624: 1623: 1616: 1583:(4): e1000058. 1570: 1569: 1565: 1556: 1554: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1533: 1531: 1518: 1517: 1508: 1482: 1481: 1477: 1447: 1446: 1442: 1420: 1419: 1415: 1406: 1404: 1396: 1395: 1391: 1362: 1361: 1357: 1347: 1345: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1322: 1312: 1310: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1287: 1285: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1223: 1222: 1218: 1174: 1173: 1169: 1123: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1036: 1013: 997: 988: 961: 940: 932: 902: 893: 882: 876: 873: 862: 849: 845: 838: 836:Economic impact 782: 766:anti-retroviral 762: 749: 726:organizations. 724:community-based 691: 646: 635: 629: 626: 615: 602: 598: 591: 575:Thyroid disease 455:(various types) 370:coeliac disease 366:Crohn's disease 255:chronic poverty 231: 225: 222: 211: 194: 190: 183: 132:acute condition 49:chronic illness 45:chronic disease 43:(also known as 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4111: 4109: 4101: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4080: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4052: 4050: 4035: 4033: 4018: 4016: 4001: 3996: 3993: 3992: 3985: 3983: 3982: 3975: 3968: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3945: 3937: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3915:on 2021-01-18. 3903: 3902:External links 3900: 3898: 3897: 3883: 3869: 3855: 3842: 3836: 3819: 3813: 3798: 3792: 3774: 3768: 3755: 3749: 3734: 3728: 3710: 3704: 3689: 3669: 3663: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3641: 3616: 3591: 3550: 3523: 3488: 3461: 3447: 3424: 3417: 3399: 3380:(1): 101–122. 3364: 3315: 3290:Health Affairs 3280: 3223: 3194:(1): e000505. 3174: 3123: 3080: 3031: 2988: 2939: 2924: 2906: 2887: 2849: 2822:(8): 1346–63. 2806: 2755: 2740: 2713:(2): 166–172. 2697: 2676: 2657:(2): w358–67. 2651:Health Affairs 2641: 2600: 2577: 2546: 2515:(3): 263–270. 2495: 2467: 2432: 2388: 2353: 2318: 2269: 2215: 2177: 2128: 2076: 2024: 2002: 1961: 1932:(8): 1585–93. 1926:Health Affairs 1912: 1901:(3): 288–303. 1885: 1878: 1860: 1833:(2): 295–308. 1814: 1771: 1727: 1681: 1666: 1614: 1563: 1540: 1506: 1495:(3): 399–402. 1475: 1440: 1429:(3): 403–423. 1413: 1389: 1370:. 2021-03-30. 1355: 1329: 1320: 1309:. January 2015 1294: 1265: 1216: 1167: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1102: 1097: 1095:Multimorbidity 1092: 1090:Medical tattoo 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1035: 1032: 1012: 1009: 996: 993: 987: 984: 960: 959:Financial cost 957: 939: 936: 931: 928: 901: 898: 895: 894: 859:of the subject 857:worldwide view 852: 850: 843: 837: 834: 781: 778: 761: 758: 748: 745: 707:predisposition 697:supports that 690: 687: 663:Social factors 648: 647: 612:of the subject 610:worldwide view 605: 603: 596: 590: 587: 586: 585: 584:And many more. 582: 577: 572: 567: 562: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 511: 506: 501: 499:Mental illness 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 450: 445: 435: 422: 416:osteoarthritis 412: 407: 402: 397: 391: 388:Cerebral palsy 385: 380: 351: 346: 341: 332: 331: 309: 298: 281: 233: 232: 226:September 2021 197: 195: 188: 182: 179: 175:multimorbidity 156:non-infectious 101:viral diseases 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4110: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4085: 4083: 4065: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4034: 4031: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3988:medical terms 3981: 3976: 3974: 3969: 3967: 3962: 3961: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3946: 3944: 3943: 3938: 3934: 3932: 3931:MEDICC Review 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3894: 3893: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3879: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3852: 3849:. 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