170:- 984 athletes from 43 countries ; 1987 events in 10 sports. Events for quadriplegic added to program for the first time. Demonstration events for visually impaired athletes. Heidelberg was used as the Olympic Village in Munich was unavailable as it was converted into private apartments.
605:
were medal sports for the first time. IOC signed a co-operation agreement with IPC to strengthen their relationship. Games had comprehensive international television coverage for the first time. Over 340,000 school children attended and were given an insight into
Paralympic sport.
257:
549:- 571 athletes from 32 countries; 122 events in 4 sports. Athletes with an intellectual disability included for the first time at a Winter Games. With the internet in its infancy, the official website recorded 7.7 million hits during the Games.
637:
IPC General
Assembly suspended athletes with an intellectual disability (ID) from the Paralympic Games due to 69% of athletes who won medals in intellectual disability events at the Sydney Games not have the correct ID verification.
536:
was a demonstration sport. IPC officially hosted the Games for the first time and assumed responsibility for future Games. First Games to attract worldwide sponsorship. 12,000 volunteers assisted with the operation of the Games.
280:
and events were held for amputees, les austres, cerebral palsy and vision impaired athletes. Stoke
Mandeville Games were for athletes with a spinal cord disability. It was decided that future Games should be held in one city.
578:
67:
organised the first competition for wheelchair athletes which he named the Stoke
Mandeville Games, a milestone in Paralympics history. They involved 16 injured servicemen and women who took part in archery
850:
IPC and IOC signed a new co-operation agreement which increased IOC financial support and guaranteed the
Paralympics will be staged in the same city and venues as the Olympics through until Tokyo 2020.
107:- 400 athletes from 23 countries ; 57 events in 8 sports. These Games became known as the 1st Summer Paralympic Games and were the 9th International Stoke Mandeville Games. The Games followed the
405:
725:
464:
added to the program. Demonstration events held for athletes with an intellectual disability in alpine and cross country skiing. First Winter Games to share
Olympic venues.
127:
629:
On 19 June, IPC and IOC signed an agreement that ensured the practice of “one bid, one city,” meaning the same city will host both the
Olympic and Paralympic Games.
237:
added to the program. Moscow declined to host the Games. Cerebral palsy athletes compete for the first time. There were 12,000 spectators at the opening ceremony.
88:
752:
made its Games debut. IPC launched
ParalympicSport.TV, an online TV channel, during the Games and it attracted nearly 40,000 unique viewers from 105 nations.
650:- 416 athletes from 36 countries; 92 events in 5 sports. Worldwide television coverage was secured by the organizers, and there was high demand for tickets.
524:- 3259 athletes from 104 countries ; 508 events in 20 sports. Athletes with an intellectual disability included for the first time at a Summer Games.
433:
353:
598:
146:- 375 athletes from 21 countries ; 144 events in 9 sports. Weightlifting added to the program. Opening ceremony held in front of 5,000 spectators.
1142:
717:
added to the program. A cumulated global TV audience of 1.8 billion watch the Athens 2004 Paralympic Games. Over 3000 journalists covered the Games.
158:- 750 athletes from 29 countries ; 181 events in 10 sports. New sports included lawn bowls, women's basketball and Men's 100m wheelchair race.
830:- 4,237 athletes from 164 countries ; 503 events in 20 sports. Athletes with an intellectual disability return to the Games by competing in
373:
130:(IOSD) was established to assist visually impaired, amputees, persons with cerebral palsy and paraplegics who were not eligible to compete at the
249:- 350 athletes from 18 countries; 63 events in 2 sports. Amputee, visual impairment and les autres compete for the first time at a Winter Games.
839:
525:
191:
131:
77:
787:
was added to the program. 3.8 billion throughout the world viewed the Games on television and 3.4 million spectators attended the Games.
210:. Games demonstrated innovations in ski equipment design with 'three-track skiing' using crutches. Demonstration event was sledge racing.
276:- 1100 athletes from 41 countries (UK) and 1,800 from 45 countries (USA) ; 903 events in 18 sports. New York Games were held at the
831:
1213:
835:
461:
389:
187:
183:
25:
602:
533:
529:
286:
182:- 1657 athletes from 38 countries ; 447 events in 13 sports. Amputee and vision impaired athletes competed for the first time.
1092:
880:
784:
496:- 492 athletes from 31 countries; 133 events in 5 sports. First Winter Games held under IPC control and Games aligned to revised
282:
879:- 541 athletes from 45 countries; 72 events in 5 sports. 316,200 tickets were sold, the most ever for Paralympic Winter Games.
261:
92:
377:
349:
340:- 3057 athletes from 61 countries ; 732 events in 16 sports. The Games utilized Olympic facilities. For the first time
76:
Dutch ex-servicemen travelled to
England to compete against British athletes and this led to the establishment of the
1371:
49:
305:- 457 athletes from 21 countries; 107 events in 3 sports. Cerebral palsy athletes compete for the first time.
221:
Conference established the right for people with a disability to participate in sport and physical education.
1248:
892:
876:
827:
815:
780:
745:
710:
647:
590:
546:
521:
493:
457:
429:
417:
365:
337:
325:
302:
273:
246:
230:
203:
179:
167:
155:
143:
104:
440:
attended and endorsed the Games. Inaugural
Paralympics for Persons with an Intellectual Disability held in
698:
566:
437:
818:- 502 athletes from 44 countries; 64 events in 5 sports. 230,000 ticket sales, a record for the Games.
714:
497:
313:
108:
60:
795:
IPC General Assembly reinstated athletes with an intellectual disability into the Paralympic Games.
416:
IPC agreement with the ICC so that it remained responsible for the Paralympic Games until after the
594:
16:
This table indicates major milestones in the Paralympic Movement, including the development of the
749:
277:
234:
207:
21:
17:
804:
IPC Position Stand - Background and Scientific Principles of Classification In Paralympic Sport
959:
806:
passed by IPC Sports Science Committee, Classification Committee and Governing Board in June.
618:
501:
290:
1340:
1016:
951:
614:
393:
1221:
1100:
64:
45:
883:
added to the program. 316,200 ticket sales, surpassing the record from Vancouver Games.
666:
392:(IPC) replaced the ICC as the governing body of the Paralympic movement with Canadian
1365:
952:
900:
658:
593:- 3881 athletes from 122 countries; 551 events in 20 sports. First Games held in the
341:
258:
International Co-ordination Committee of World Sports Organisations for the Disabled
264:(IOC) due to the need for a single governing body to look after disability sport
677:
IPC Governing Board approved the development of a Universal Classification Code.
324:
The term Paralympic Games approved by the IOC. It was used in the lead up to the
316:
included Men's 1500m and Women's 800m wheelchair races as demonstration events.
512:
International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (CISS) withdraws from the IPC.
345:
1274:
896:
701:
and revised its Anti-Doping Code to comply with the World Anti-Doping Code.
194:
added to program. Specialized racing wheelchairs used for the first time.
661:, IPC President elected as a new IOC member at the 115th IOC Session in
579:
International Sports Federation for Persons with Intellectual Disability
562:
369:
954:
The Paralympic Athlete : Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science
662:
441:
218:
206:- 198 athletes from 16 countries ; 53 events in 2 sports. First
119:
International Stoke Mandeville Games Committee (ISMGC) established.
1000:(2nd ed.). Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics. pp. 277–287.
445:
233:- 1973 athletes from 42 countries ; 489 events in 12 sports.
558:
597:. Women's events were included in the powerlifting program and
713:- 3808 athletes from 135 countries; 517 events in 19 sports.
432:- 3001 athletes from 33 countries: 431 events in 16 sports
771:
approved at IPC General Assembly meeting held in November.
448:
immediately after the Games. Final Games organized by ICC.
406:
International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation
859:
IPC’s revenue exceeded EUR 10 million for the first time.
760:
IPC’s revenue exceeded EUR 5 million for the first time.
748:- 477 athletes from 39 countries; 58 events in 4 sports.
460:- 475 athletes from 24 countries; 78 events in 3 sports.
368:- 397 athletes from 22 countries; 96 events in 4 sports.
557:
IPC moved into what remains its current Headquarters in
728:(IWSF) established with the merger of ISMWSF and ISOD.
726:
International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation
958:. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. pp.
783:- 3,951 from 146 countries; 472 events in 20 sports.
736:
Paralympic Awards are presented for the first time.
436:
was a medal sport for the first time. IOC President
769:
IPC Classification Code and International Standards
59:On 29 July, the day of the Opening Ceremony of the
128:International Sports Organisation for the Disabled
476:(3 tae-guks) adopted by IPC and used until 2003.
617:was succeeded by the former British Paralympian
89:International Committee of Sports for the Deaf
48:established the Spinal Injuries Centre at the
8:
274:Stoke Mandeville/New York Summer Paralympics
272:17–30 June (US) / 22 July - 1 August (UK) -
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
945:
943:
941:
939:
484:IPC established a Sport Science Committee.
1345:International Paralympic Committee website
1279:International Paralympic Committee website
1218:International Paralympic Committee website
1097:International Paralympic Committee website
1021:International Paralympic Committee website
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1011:
1009:
1007:
991:
989:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1249:"The History of the Paralympic Movement"
1243:
1241:
1239:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
621:after serving three terms as President.
30:
1017:"Paralympics - History of the movement"
915:
532:discipline added to the program and
458:Tignes/Albertville Winter Paralympics
7:
867:IPC launched the Agitos Foundation.
132:International Stoke Mandeville Games
91:(CISS) officially recognized by the
78:International Stoke Mandeville Games
996:DePauw, Karen; et al. (2005).
372:events introduced in the sports of
390:International Paralympic Committee
26:International Paralympic Committee
14:
1143:"History of the Paralympic Games"
893:Rio de Janeiro Summer Paralympics
648:Salt Lake City Winter Paralympics
1341:"25-year anniversary of the IPC"
418:1992 Barcelona Paralympic Games
262:International Olympic Committee
204:Örnsköldsvik Winter Paralympics
93:International Olympic Committee
494:Lillehammer Winter Paralympics
352:was added to the program and
1:
577:INAS-FMH changed its name to
260:(ICC) was established by the
168:Heidelberg Summer Paralympics
950:Vanlandewijck, Yves (2011).
816:Vancouver Winter Paralympics
430:Barcelona Summer Paralympics
396:as its inaugural President.
366:Innsbruck Winter Paralympics
303:Innsbruck Winter Paralympics
356:was a demonstration sport.
156:Tel Aviv Summer Paralympics
1388:
826:29 August - 9 September -
781:Beijing Summer Paralympics
522:Atlanta Summer Paralympics
404:ISMFG changed its name to
180:Toronto Summer Paralympics
36:
828:London Summer Paralympics
746:Torino Winter Paralympics
711:Athens Summer Paralympics
689:(Agitos) adopted by IPC.
591:Sydney Summer Paralympics
547:Nagano Winter Paralympics
344:athletes competed in the
314:1984 Los Angeles Olympics
231:Arnhem Summer Paralympics
61:London 1948 Olympic Games
50:Stoke Mandeville Hospital
1253:Inside the Games website
877:Sochi Winter Paralympics
338:Seoul Summer Paralympics
247:Geilo Winter Paralympics
144:Tokyo Summer Paralympics
33:
1214:"Winter Games Overview"
1093:"Summer Games Overview"
105:Rome Summer Paralympics
903:added to the program.
699:World Anti-Doping Code
567:Juan Antonio Samaranch
504:added to the program.
438:Juan Antonio Samaranch
326:1988 Seoul Paralympics
111:and used same venues.
474:Mind, Body and Spirit
456:25 March - 1 April -
500:four year schedule.
498:Winter Olympic Games
103:18 – 25 September -
1255:. 12 September 2012
595:Southern Hemisphere
192:standing volleyball
750:Wheelchair curling
709:17–28 September -
569:attended opening.
293:added to program.
278:Hofstra University
235:Sitting volleyball
208:Winter Paralympics
142:3 – 12 November -
22:Winter Paralympics
18:Summer Paralympics
1150:Channel 4 website
907:
906:
891:7–18 September -
779:6–17 September -
715:5-a-side football
687:Spirit in motion'
659:Sir Philip Craven
502:Ice sledge hockey
434:Wheelchair tennis
428:3–14 September -
388:On 22 September,
354:Wheelchair tennis
291:football 7-a-side
202:21–28 February -
1379:
1372:Paralympic Games
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1337:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1245:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1224:on 19 March 2015
1220:. Archived from
1210:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1099:. Archived from
1089:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1013:
1002:
1001:
998:Disability sport
993:
964:
963:
957:
947:
615:Robert Steadward
599:wheelchair rugby
589:18–29 October -
565:. IOC President
394:Robert Steadward
364:17–24 January -
336:15–24 October -
301:14–20 January -
166:2 – 11 August -
154:4–13 November -
31:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1339:
1338:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1256:
1247:
1246:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1212:
1211:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1091:
1090:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1005:
995:
994:
967:
949:
948:
917:
912:
520:16–25 August -
245:1–7 February -
65:Ludwig Guttmann
46:Ludwig Guttmann
12:
11:
5:
1385:
1383:
1375:
1374:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1291:
1266:
1235:
1162:
1114:
1033:
1003:
965:
914:
913:
911:
908:
905:
904:
889:
885:
884:
881:Para-snowboard
873:
869:
868:
865:
861:
860:
857:
853:
852:
848:
844:
843:
824:
820:
819:
814:12–21 March -
812:
808:
807:
801:
797:
796:
793:
789:
788:
777:
773:
772:
766:
762:
761:
758:
754:
753:
744:10–19 March -
742:
738:
737:
734:
730:
729:
723:
719:
718:
707:
703:
702:
697:IPC signs the
695:
691:
690:
683:
679:
678:
675:
671:
670:
667:Czechoslovakia
656:
652:
651:
644:
640:
639:
635:
631:
630:
627:
623:
622:
612:
608:
607:
587:
583:
582:
575:
571:
570:
555:
551:
550:
543:
539:
538:
518:
514:
513:
510:
506:
505:
492:10–19 March -
490:
486:
485:
482:
478:
477:
470:
466:
465:
454:
450:
449:
426:
422:
421:
414:
410:
409:
402:
398:
397:
386:
382:
381:
362:
358:
357:
334:
330:
329:
322:
318:
317:
311:
307:
306:
299:
295:
294:
270:
266:
265:
255:
251:
250:
243:
239:
238:
227:
223:
222:
216:
212:
211:
200:
196:
195:
178:3–11 August -
176:
172:
171:
164:
160:
159:
152:
148:
147:
140:
136:
135:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
101:
97:
96:
86:
82:
81:
74:
70:
69:
57:
53:
52:
43:
39:
38:
35:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1384:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1103:on 7 May 2013
1102:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1004:
999:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
966:
961:
956:
955:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
916:
909:
902:
901:paratriathlon
898:
894:
890:
887:
886:
882:
878:
875:7–16 March -
874:
871:
870:
866:
863:
862:
858:
855:
854:
849:
846:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
822:
821:
817:
813:
810:
809:
805:
802:
799:
798:
794:
791:
790:
786:
782:
778:
775:
774:
770:
767:
764:
763:
759:
756:
755:
751:
747:
743:
740:
739:
735:
732:
731:
727:
724:
721:
720:
716:
712:
708:
705:
704:
700:
696:
693:
692:
688:
684:
681:
680:
676:
673:
672:
668:
664:
660:
657:
654:
653:
649:
646:7–16 March -
645:
642:
641:
636:
633:
632:
628:
625:
624:
620:
619:Philip Craven
616:
613:
610:
609:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
585:
584:
580:
576:
573:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
553:
552:
548:
545:5–14 March -
544:
541:
540:
535:
531:
530:track cycling
527:
523:
519:
516:
515:
511:
508:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
488:
487:
483:
480:
479:
475:
471:
468:
467:
463:
459:
455:
452:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
424:
423:
419:
415:
412:
411:
407:
403:
400:
399:
395:
391:
387:
384:
383:
379:
378:Nordic skiing
375:
371:
367:
363:
360:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
342:short stature
339:
335:
332:
331:
327:
323:
320:
319:
315:
312:
309:
308:
304:
300:
297:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
275:
271:
268:
267:
263:
259:
256:
253:
252:
248:
244:
241:
240:
236:
232:
229:21–30 June -
228:
225:
224:
220:
217:
214:
213:
209:
205:
201:
198:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
174:
173:
169:
165:
162:
161:
157:
153:
150:
149:
145:
141:
138:
137:
133:
129:
126:
123:
122:
118:
115:
114:
110:
109:Rome Olympics
106:
102:
99:
98:
94:
90:
87:
84:
83:
79:
75:
72:
71:
66:
62:
58:
55:
54:
51:
47:
44:
41:
40:
32:
29:
27:
23:
19:
1348:. Retrieved
1344:
1282:. Retrieved
1278:
1269:
1257:. Retrieved
1252:
1226:. Retrieved
1222:the original
1217:
1153:. Retrieved
1149:
1105:. Retrieved
1101:the original
1096:
1024:. Retrieved
1020:
997:
953:
840:table tennis
803:
768:
686:
581:(INAS-FID).
473:
287:road cycling
15:
1141:Ottoblock.
1275:"About Us"
910:References
526:equestrian
408:(ISMWSF).
346:les autres
24:, and the
897:Paracanoe
832:athletics
685:New logo
348:category.
1366:Category
1350:10 March
1228:10 March
1155:10 March
1107:10 March
836:swimming
462:Biathlon
188:shooting
184:goalball
1284:4 March
1259:4 March
1026:4 March
603:sailing
563:Germany
534:sailing
370:Sit ski
95:(IOC).
785:Rowing
663:Prague
442:Madrid
374:alpine
283:boccia
219:UNESCO
37:Event
20:, the
1146:(PDF)
472:Logo
446:Spain
34:Year
1352:2015
1286:2015
1261:2015
1230:2015
1157:2015
1109:2015
1028:2015
962:–30.
899:and
888:2016
872:2014
864:2012
856:2012
847:2012
838:and
823:2012
811:2010
800:2009
792:2009
776:2008
765:2007
757:2006
741:2006
733:2005
722:2004
706:2004
694:2003
682:2003
674:2003
655:2003
643:2002
634:2001
626:2001
611:2001
601:and
586:2000
574:1999
559:Bonn
554:1999
542:1998
528:and
517:1996
509:1995
489:1994
481:1993
469:1992
453:1992
425:1992
413:1990
401:1990
385:1989
376:and
361:1988
350:Judo
333:1988
321:1984
310:1984
298:1984
289:and
269:1984
254:1982
242:1980
226:1980
215:1976
199:1976
190:and
175:1976
163:1972
151:1968
139:1964
124:1962
116:1960
100:1960
85:1955
73:1952
56:1948
42:1944
420:/
1368::
1343:.
1294:^
1277:.
1251:.
1238:^
1216:.
1165:^
1148:.
1117:^
1095:.
1036:^
1019:.
1006:^
968:^
918:^
895:.
842:.
834:,
669:.
665:,
561:,
444:,
380:.
328:.
285:,
186:,
134:.
80:.
63:,
28:.
1354:.
1288:.
1263:.
1232:.
1159:.
1111:.
1030:.
960:3
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