282:
255:
243:
92:
267:
20:
2379:
83:. The statement intimates the possibility of stricter sanctions for infringements committed throughout the festive season, yet its legal effects have not been enforced since 1889. In modern times, the message is largely symbolic. For many Finns, the Declaration of Christmas Peace marks the beginning of the festive season.
157:
Over the centuries, the message of the proclamation has varied. In the 17th century, for example, it emphasised that people shouldn't get drunk at
Christmas. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, nationalism was added. Nonetheless, four factors have remained constant. The first part tells about
70:
tradition. Offenders who committed crimes during the
Christmas season were subjected to harsher punishments. The declaration of Christmas Peace is a symbolic and integral part of the Christmas tradition in Finland in the present day. Tradition encourages people to be respectful and peaceful at
107:, the oldest town and the former capital of Finland. The Christmas Peace has been declared from the balcony of the Brinkkala Mansion in the Old Great Square since 1886. This tradition dates back to the 14th century, but the exact origins of its early centuries remain unclear.
178:
because he who breaks this peace and violates the peace of
Christmas by any illegal or improper behaviour shall under aggravating circumstances be guilty and punished according to what the law and statutes prescribe for each and every offence
224:, when a unique peace was occasionally declared even in the most adverse circumstances. Generally, either the mayor or town secretary of the city would make the Christmas Peace proclamation minutes before Christmas Eve afternoon.
334:
The tradition lacks confirmed evidence that the custom was held continuously from the Middle Ages. However, the tradition can be contextualised by evidence from other medieval
Swedish towns with surviving later medieval court
158:
the beginning of
Christmas, the second is a reminder to respect the holiday with dignified behaviour, the third is a threat about the consequences of breaking good behaviour and the last declaration wishes a Merry Christmas.
143:
and is followed by the
Declaration, which is read at noon by a city official. As the proclamation is read in Finnish and Swedish, the public then sings the Finnish national anthem in both languages. The event ends with the
136:
Music has been part of the event since the 17th century. Traditional instruments include bagpipes, timpani and various stringed instruments. The current format was established in 1903. It begins with the hymn
79:
The tradition of
Christmas Peace has survived in Finland, which was part of Sweden from the late 13th century until 1809. The Declaration of Christmas Peace is declared in several Finnish towns on
281:
1630:
1625:
597:
504:
1581:
254:
1967:
1328:
110:
According to tradition, the declaration has been made every year without interruption. The most significant exceptions are thought to be the years of the
2410:
1226:
1057:
266:
1561:
118:
of 1939. There may also have been a break between 1800 and 1815. In 2020 and 2021 the
Christmas Peace was declared without an audience due to the
242:
1956:
1763:
466:
1837:
1566:
1281:
626:
563:
1635:
1424:
995:
821:
114:, when Finland was under Russian occupation from 1712 to 1721, and the single years missed during the militia strike of 1917 and the
1897:
1812:
161:
The present text has its origins in a transcription from memory onto parchment by the town clerk after the original was lost in a
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1832:
1727:
388:
1741:
1124:
903:
482:
175:
and thus is declared a peaceful
Christmas time to all, by advising devotion and to behave otherwise quietly and peacefully,
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1662:
1449:
1444:
958:
749:
1817:
1521:
1067:
139:
126:
2415:
729:
221:
363:
1973:
1962:
1882:
1734:
1655:
1474:
1231:
1119:
833:
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129:(YLE) since 1935. National television broadcasts began in 1983, and the Turku Declaration has also been shown on
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1989:
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1615:
1608:
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1394:
816:
648:
146:
100:
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1937:
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91:
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55:
43:
35:
2012:
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305:
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Besides Turku, the declaration is also announced in some of the oldest
Finnish towns like
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943:
598:""On earth peace, good will toward men": On the Medieval Origins of the Christmas Peace"
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2068:
1942:
1872:
1822:
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898:
828:
325:
Some sources refer to the 1320s. However, this was long after the death of Birger Jarl.
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19:
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505:"Joulurauha julistetaan myös muualla kuin Turussa – tunnetko perinteen historian"
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908:
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590:"Declaration of Christmas Peace in 1962 - Joulurauhan julistus Turusta 1962"
182:
Finally, a joyous Christmas feast is wished to all inhabitants of the city.
2163:
1335:
564:"Tartu's Christmas Peace proclamation can be viewed online on December 24"
165:
in 1827. English translation of the Turku Declaration of Christmas Peace:
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2299:
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2017:
1917:
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95:
Declaration of Christmas Peace at the Old Great Square of Turku in 2009
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1251:
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1007:
953:
734:
292:
197:
59:
483:"The Declaration of the Christmas Peace without an audience in 2020"
412:"Finland marks beginning of Christmas period with peace declaration"
383:
381:
220:. The tradition dates back to the 17th century, during the reign of
2093:
779:
231:, there was a resurgence of traditional practices in the country.
217:
216:, the declaration of Christmas peace is being held in the city of
104:
90:
24:
18:
172:
is the graceful celebration of the birth of our Lord and Saviour;
2315:
1979:
697:
389:"Finnish Christmas Celebrations: Declaration of Christmas Peace"
201:
608:
526:
411:
433:
54:
event whereby a town formally announces the beginning of the
27:
in 1965, read by Eero Soikkanen, Secretary of the Magistrate.
604:
558:
556:
527:"Finland declares Christmas Peace in 700-year-old tradition"
150:, usually played by a local military band, usually from the
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356:
354:
352:
287:
Declaration of Christmas Peace in 2014 in front of the
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2001:
1988:
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1423:
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854:
708:
434:"Medieval legislation marks the start of Christmas"
260:
Balcony in Turku where the declaration is announced
600:. Matthias Calonius Foundation. 18 December 2020.
550:, Tartu Postimees.ee, retrieved 26 December 2013
125:The Turku Declaration has been broadcast by the
167:
620:
8:
99:The oldest event takes place at noon in the
1998:
627:
613:
605:
410:Browne, Ronan, ed. (24 December 2022).
391:. University of Turku. 21 December 2017
348:
318:
238:
66:in the 13th century, building upon the
272:Declaration of Christmas Peace at the
23:The declaration of Christmas Peace in
1957:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
58:. This practice has its roots in old
7:
592:(in Finnish). YLE. 11 November 2006.
507:(in Finnish). MTV3. 24 December 2020
364:"The Declaration of Christmas Peace"
62:legislation and was established by
248:Finnish Navy Band playing in Turku
14:
2411:Christmas events and celebrations
485:. City of Turku. 15 December 2020
2378:
2377:
1833:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
1728:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
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265:
253:
241:
1813:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
1742:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
1125:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
904:Legend of the Christmas Spider
1:
1764:Christmas television specials
1663:The New Oxford Book of Carols
750:Annunciation to the shepherds
548:Christmas Peace is Proclaimed
1818:Christmas and holiday season
566:. ERR news. 23 December 2020
529:. YLE news. 24 December 2018
436:. YLE news. 24 December 2021
140:A Mighty Fortress Is Our God
127:Finnish Broadcasting Company
2432:
730:Adoration of the Shepherds
2373:
1974:WWE Tribute to the Troops
1735:A Visit from St. Nicholas
1656:The Oxford Book of Carols
1232:Feast of the Seven Fishes
795:Massacre of the Innocents
644:
229:regained its independence
222:Queen Christina of Sweden
1776:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
455:Mobilereference (2007).
147:March of the Men of Pori
1938:Small Business Saturday
1808:Black Friday (shopping)
1803:Black Friday (partying)
1297:Nine Lessons and Carols
1227:Events and celebrations
1582:Post-War United States
208:Declaration in Estonia
185:
170:Tomorrow, God willing,
96:
75:Declaration in Finland
47:
39:
28:
1631:Hit singles in the US
1626:Hit singles in the UK
1187:Carols by Candlelight
1115:Santa Claus' daughter
723:Adoration of the Magi
274:Old Town Hall of Pori
94:
22:
2406:Christmas in Finland
1923:Santa's Candy Castle
1247:Google Santa Tracker
1928:Santa Claus Village
1843:Christmas Mountains
1749:Journey of the Magi
755:Baptism of the Lord
461:. MobileReference.
458:All About Christmas
50:) is a traditional
2416:Culture of Finland
2038:Twelve-dish supper
1888:Jews and Christmas
1838:Christmas Lectures
1567:American Civil War
1302:NORAD Tracks Santa
678:Saint Nicholas Day
131:Swedish television
97:
29:
2393:
2392:
2369:
2368:
2033:Thirteen desserts
1953:Virginia O'Hanlon
1798:Advent Conspiracy
1712:Films (Christmas,
1704:A Christmas Carol
1649:Carols for Choirs
1192:Cavalcade of Magi
1172:Boar's Head Feast
841:Star of Bethlehem
812:Nativity of Jesus
800:flight into Egypt
685:St. Stephen's Day
468:978-1-60501-185-1
120:COVID-19 pandemic
16:Finnish tradition
2423:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2216:Redcurrant sauce
2005:
1999:
1994:
1968:Winter festivals
1718:Christmas horror
1685:
1596:
1427:
1282:Meals and feasts
1202:Christmas jumper
1149:
1120:Santa's reindeer
1072:
1018:Father Christmas
982:
939:Santa's workshop
860:
822:in later culture
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101:Old Great Square
56:Christmas season
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2331:Pickled herring
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2211:Cranberry sauce
2194:
2173:
2149:Red velvet cake
2134:Poppy seed roll
2052:
2003:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1963:White Christmas
1853:Christmas truce
1848:Christmas seals
1828:Christmas creep
1790:
1788:
1782:
1683:
1677:
1594:
1588:
1425:
1419:
1272:Lord of Misrule
1207:Christmas Peace
1157:Advent calendar
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1141:
1090:Knecht Ruprecht
1070:
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366:. City of Turku
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306:Christmas truce
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103:of the city of
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32:Christmas Peace
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2262:Smoking Bishop
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2020:
2015:
2009:
2007:
1996:
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1965:
1960:
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1943:Super Saturday
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1930:
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1873:Giving Tuesday
1870:
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1823:Christmas club
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1670:Piae Cantiones
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1636:Music charts (
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1105:Père Fouettard
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1071:Saint Nicholas
1064:
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1025:
1023:Grandpa Indian
1020:
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1005:
1000:
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991:Saint Nicholas
987:
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929:Old Man Winter
926:
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914:Miner's figure
911:
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899:Kallikantzaros
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829:Nativity scene
826:
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664:Children's Day
660:
653:
650:Blue Christmas
645:
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583:External links
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317:
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308:of World War I
301:
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227:After Estonia
209:
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3:
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2309:Meat and fish
2307:
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2250:
2248:
2247:Hot chocolate
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671:Christmas Eve
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133:since 1986.
132:
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81:Christmas Eve
74:
72:
69:
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61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
26:
21:
2321:Gefilte fish
2269:Ponche crema
2104:Melomakarono
1972:
1863:Cyber Monday
1768:
1733:
1702:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1647:
1644:Music books
1637:
1475:Nazi Germany
1367:
1363:Secret Santa
1350:
1237:Flying Santa
1206:
944:Tió de Nadal
894:Korvatunturi
745:Annunciation
711:Christianity
692:Sol Invictus
568:. Retrieved
543:
531:. Retrieved
521:
509:. Retrieved
499:
487:. Retrieved
477:
457:
450:
438:. Retrieved
428:
416:. Retrieved
405:
393:. Retrieved
368:. Retrieved
330:
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226:
211:
191:
188:Other cities
169:
160:
156:
152:Finnish Navy
145:
138:
135:
124:
109:
98:
78:
68:Truce of God
31:
30:
2336:Roast goose
2257:Mulled wine
2237:Champurrado
2232:Apple cider
2206:Bread sauce
2159:Szaloncukor
2139:Pumpkin pie
2089:Gingerbread
2043:Smörgåsbord
1684:Other media
1522:Philippines
1512:New Zealand
1395:Twelve Days
1352:Räuchermann
1307:Nutcrackers
1257:Las Posadas
1217:Decorations
1197:Christingle
1137:Zwarte Piet
1132:Snegurochka
1053:Sinterklaas
1003:Santa Claus
489:24 December
179:separately.
112:Great Wrath
71:Christmas.
64:Birger Jarl
2400:Categories
2064:Candy cane
2013:Joulupöytä
1913:Pikkujoulu
1577:New Mexico
1426:By country
1400:Wassailing
1341:Poinsettia
1148:Traditions
1100:Mrs. Claus
1080:Belsnickel
1033:Julemanden
1028:Joulupukki
959:Wenceslaus
924:North Pole
889:Jack Frost
879:Christkind
834:Neapolitan
657:Boxing Day
570:19 October
533:17 October
511:19 October
440:17 October
418:17 October
414:. YLE news
395:17 October
370:17 October
343:References
163:Great Fire
116:Winter War
40:joulurauha
2351:Tourtière
2341:Romeritos
2278:Dumplings
2225:Beverages
2129:Pecan pie
2119:Panettone
2114:Pampushka
2109:Mince pie
2084:Fruitcake
2028:Réveillon
1908:NFL games
1903:NBA games
1898:In August
1868:Economics
1638:Billboard
1492:Indonesia
1435:Australia
1410:Yule goat
1385:Stockings
1319:Ornaments
1048:Père Noël
1043:Olentzero
1038:Noel Baba
1013:Ded Moroz
969:Yule Lads
909:Mari Lwyd
760:Bethlehem
637:Christmas
2384:Category
2355:meat pie
2346:Stuffing
2300:Varenyky
2169:Yule log
2144:Qurabiya
2018:Julebord
1991:Food and
1918:SantaCon
1883:El Gordo
1770:Yule Log
1542:Scotland
1455:Ethiopia
1440:Colombia
1415:Yule log
1369:Spanbaum
1346:Pyramids
1212:Crackers
1110:Sack Man
996:folklore
964:Yule cat
869:Badalisc
859:folklore
770:Epiphany
335:records.
300:See also
2290:Pierogi
2285:Hallaca
2190:Borscht
2154:Stollen
2124:Pavlova
2099:Makówki
2079:Cozonac
2048:Wigilia
1933:Scrooge
1893:In July
1791:society
1723:Poetry
1557:Ukraine
1532:Romania
1497:Ireland
1487:Iceland
1482:Hungary
1470:Germany
1460:Finland
1450:England
1445:Denmark
1405:Windows
1336:Piñatas
1324:Parades
1277:Markets
1262:Letters
1252:Hampers
1095:Krampus
934:Perchta
874:Caganer
235:Gallery
214:Estonia
60:Swedish
52:Finnish
48:julfrid
44:Swedish
36:Finnish
2361:Turkey
2295:Tamale
2252:Kissel
2242:Eggnog
2199:Sauces
2185:Menudo
2164:Turrón
2074:Cookie
2057:Sweets
2023:Kūčios
2004:Dinner
1878:Grinch
1789:modern
1756:Tomten
1715:Santa,
1698:novels
1616:Operas
1604:Carols
1572:Hawaii
1552:Sweden
1547:Serbia
1537:Russia
1527:Poland
1517:Norway
1507:Mexico
1465:France
1380:Stamps
1375:Szopka
1267:Lights
1222:Didukh
1058:Others
1008:Befana
954:Vertep
817:in art
785:Joseph
735:Advent
465:
293:Porvoo
198:Porvoo
2094:Kutia
1993:drink
1621:Songs
1595:Music
1502:Italy
1358:Seals
1312:dolls
1242:Gifts
1182:Cards
1085:Elves
949:Turoń
919:Nisse
884:Grýla
780:Jesus
313:Notes
218:Tartu
194:Rauma
105:Turku
87:Turku
25:Turku
2316:Carp
2178:Soup
2069:Cake
1980:Xmas
1609:list
1390:Tree
1329:list
790:Mary
699:Yule
572:2023
535:2023
513:2023
491:2020
463:ISBN
442:2023
420:2023
397:2023
372:2023
202:Pori
200:and
2326:Ham
856:In
291:of
212:In
2402::
1959:")
1955:("
1787:In
709:In
555:^
380:^
351:^
204:.
196:,
154:.
122:.
46::
42:,
38::
2357:)
2353:(
1758:"
1754:"
1751:"
1747:"
1744:"
1740:"
1730:"
1726:"
1720:)
1640:)
628:e
621:t
614:v
574:.
537:.
515:.
493:.
471:.
444:.
422:.
399:.
374:.
34:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
