Pantomime - Knowledge (XXG)

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mother or father of Columbine became Pantaloon, and the servant or other comic character became Clown. They would transition into the new characters as the scenery around them changed and would proceed in the "zany fun" section of the performance. From the time of Grimaldi, Clown would see the transformed setting and cry: "Here We Are Again!" The harlequinade began with various chase scenes, in which Harlequin and Columbine manage to escape from the clutches of Clown and Pantaloon, despite the acrobatic leaps of the former through windows, atop ladders, often because of well-meaning but misguided actions of the policeman. Eventually, there was a "dark scene", such as a cave or forest, in which the lovers were caught, and Harlequin's magic wand was seized from his grasp by Clown, who would flourish it in triumph. The good fairy would then reappear, and once the father agreed to the marriage of the young lovers, she would transport the whole company to a grand final scene.

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in the father's establishment. Just as the daughter is to be forcibly wed to the fop, or just as she was about to elope with her lover, the good fairy arrives. This was followed by what was often the most spectacular part of the production, the magical transformation scene. In early pantomimes, Harlequin possessed magical powers that he used to help himself and his love interest escape. He would tap his wooden sword (a derivative of the Commedia dell'arte slapstick or "batte") on the floor or scenery to make a grand transition of the world around him take place. The scene would switch from being inside some house or castle to, generally speaking, the streets of the town with storefronts as the backdrop. The transformation sequence was presided over by a Fairy Queen or

1551: 624: 837: 225: 686: 339:– while in Italy its chief exponents were celebrities, often the protegés of influential citizens, whose followers wore badges proclaiming their allegiance and engaged in street-fights with rival groups, while its accompanying songs became widely known. Yet, because of the limits imposed upon Roman citizens' dance, the populism of its song-texts and other factors, the art was as much despised as adored, and its practitioners were usually slaves or freedmen. 6345: 4546: 323:. Performances might be in a private household, with minimal personnel, or else lavish theatrical productions involving a large orchestra and chorus and sometimes an ancillary actor. The dancer danced all the roles, relying on masks, stock poses and gestures and a hand-language (cheironomy) so complex and expressive that the pantomime's hands were commonly compared to an eloquent mouth. Pantomime differed from 1409: 637:] that ever existed. ... He was so extravagantly natural, that the most saturnine looker-on acknowledged his sway; and neither the wise, the proud, or the fair, the young nor the old, were ashamed to laugh till tears coursed down their cheeks at Joe and his comicalities." Grimaldi's performances were important in expanding the importance of the harlequinade until it dominated the pantomime entertainment. 98: 4556: 1067: 542: 398: 43: 346:, the Roman pantomime received little modern scholarly attention until the late 20th century, despite its great influence upon Roman culture as perceived in Roman art, in statues of famous dancers, graffiti, objects and literature. After the renaissance of classical culture, Roman pantomime was a decisive influence upon modern European 424:. This was a "comedy of professional artists" travelling from province to province in Italy and then France, who improvised and told comic stories that held lessons for the crowd, changing the main character depending on where they were performing. Each "scenario" used some of the same stock characters. These included the 1531:

Annual pantomimes have been running at Christmas in the UAE (and elsewhere in the GCC) since 2007. They are mainly performed by Dubai Panto (a trade name of h2 Productions.ae) in conjunction with Outside the Box Events LLC. They increased to three pantomimes at Christmas since 2021 – 2 in Dubai and 1

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Pantomime was imported for a British expatriate audience and later adapted by Maltese producers for Maltese audiences. While in many former territories of the British empire, pantomime declined in popularity after independence, as it was seen as a symbol of colonial rule, studies have shown that this

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The opening "fairy story" was often blended with a story about a love triangle: a "cross-grained" old father who owns a business and whose pretty daughter is pursued by two suitors. The one she loves is poor but worthy, while the father prefers the other, a wealthy fop. Another character is a servant

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It was first produced annually in Andorra by the English-speaking Mums' group, from the British expatriate community, in the Teatre de les Fontetes in the parish of La Massana. Now it is produced by English and English-speaking international volunteers as part of the Advent celebrations supported by

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has argued that if the star enters into the spirit of the entertainment, he or she likely adds to its overall effect, while if it becomes a "showcase for a star" who "stands outside the action", the celebrity's presence likely detracts, notwithstanding the marketing advantage that the star brings to

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These early pantomimes were silent, or "dumb show", performances consisting of only dancing and gestures. Spoken drama was allowed in London only in the two (later three) patent theatres until Parliament changed this restriction in 1843. A large number of French performers played in London following

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Another pantomime tradition is to engage celebrity guest stars, a practice that dates back to the late 19th century, when Augustus Harris was proprietor of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, and hired well-known variety artists for his pantomimes. Contemporary pantomime productions are often adapted to

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Despite its visible decline by 1836, the pantomime still fought to stay alive. After 1843, when theatres other than the original patent theatres were permitted to perform spoken dialogue, the importance of the silent harlequinade began to decrease, while the importance of the fairy-tale part of the

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story. The fairy creates the characters of the harlequinade in the most typical fashion of simply telling the characters what they will change into. The principal male and female characters from the beginning plotline, often both played by young women, became the lovers Columbine and Harlequin, the

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in the 1980s. The White Rock Players Club in White Rock, BC have presented an annual pantomime in the Christmas season since 1954. The Royal Canadian Theatre Company produces pantomimes in British Columbia, written by Ellie King. Since 2013, Theatre Replacement has been producing East Van Panto in

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produced and co-wrote a series of extraordinarily popular pantomimes, focusing on the spectacle of the productions, that pushed this transition by emphasizing comic business in the pantomime opening and grand processionals. By the end of the 19th century, the harlequinade had become merely a brief

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Rich gave his Harlequin the power to create stage magic in league with offstage craftsmen who operated trick scenery. Armed with a magic sword or bat (actually a slapstick), Rich's Harlequin treated his weapon as a wand, striking the scenery to sustain the illusion of changing the setting from one

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in Paris, where harlequin and all the characters speak." The majority of these early pantomimes were re-tellings of a story from ancient Greek or Roman literature, with a break between the two acts during which the harlequinade's zany comic business was performed. The theatre historian David Mayer

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By the 1800s, therefore, children went to the theatre around the Christmas and New Year holiday (and often at Easter or other times) primarily to witness the craziness of the harlequinade chase scene. It was the most exciting part of the "panto", because it was fast-paced and included spectacular

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Roman pantomime was immensely popular from the end of the first century BC until the end of the sixth century AD, a form of entertainment that spread throughout the empire where, because of its wordless nature, it did more than any other art to foster knowledge of the myths and Roman legends that

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At some point during the performance, characters including the Dame and the comic will sit on a bench and sing a cheerful song to forget their fears. The thing they fear, often a ghost, appears behind them, but at first the characters ignore the audience's warnings of danger. The characters soon

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grew in importance until it often was the longest and most important part of the entertainment. Pantomimes usually had dual titles that gave an often humorous idea of both the pantomime story and the harlequinade. "Harlequin and ________", or "Harlequin _______; or, the ________". In the second

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The good fairy enters from stage right (left from the audience's perspective) and the villain enters from stage left (right from the audience's perspective). This convention goes back to the medieval mystery plays, where the right side of the stage symbolised Heaven and the left side symbolised

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comedy, dancing and acrobatics. The presence of slapstick in this part of the show evolved from the characters found in Italian commedia dell'arte. The plot of the harlequinade was relatively simple; the star-crossed lovers, Harlequin and Columbine, run away from Columbine's foolish father,

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stage production designed for family entertainment. It was developed in England and is performed throughout the United Kingdom, Ireland and (to a lesser extent) in other English-speaking countries, especially during the Christmas and New Year season. Modern pantomime includes songs, gags,

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While the familiarity of the audience with the original children's story is generally assumed, plot lines are almost always adapted for comic or satirical effect, and characters and situations from other stories are often interpolated into the plot. For instance "panto" versions of

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epilogue to the pantomime, dwindling into a brief display of dancing and acrobatics. It lingered for a few decades longer but finally disappeared, although a few of its comic elements had been incorporated into the pantomime stories. The last harlequinade was played at the

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Kitty Gurnos-Davies states in her doctoral dissertation that pantomime is responsible for 20% of all live performances in the UK in any one year. The 2018–2019 season saw pantomime performances generating over £60m for the first time in recorded British history.

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circle the bench, followed by the ghost, as the audience cries "It's behind you!" One by one, the characters see the ghost and run off, until at last the Dame and the ghost come face to face, whereupon the ghost, frightened by the visage of the Dame, runs away.

1103:. At least one "audience participation" song is traditional: one half of the audience may be challenged to sing "their" chorus louder than the other half. Children in the audience may even be invited on stage to sing along with members of the cast. 493:. In English versions, by the 18th century, Harlequin became the central figure and romantic lead. The basic plot of the harlequinade remained essentially the same for more than 150 years, except that a bumbling policeman was added to the chase. 646:

Pantaloon, who is being slowed down in his pursuit of them by his servant, Clown, and by a bumbling policeman. After the time of Grimaldi, Clown became the principal schemer trying to thwart the lovers, and Pantaloon was merely his assistant.

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character. The good fairy magically transformed the leads from the opening fairy story into their new identities as the harlequinade characters. Following is an example of the speech that the fairy would give during this transformation:

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Traditionally the father (occasionally the mother) of the principal girl: often a high status character such as a King, Queen, Emperor, Sultan or Baron, although they can also be involved in comedy routines with the Dame and the Comic.

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The form has a number of conventions, some of which have changed or weakened a little over the years, and by no means all of which are obligatory. Some of these conventions were once common to other genres of popular theatre such as

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on-stage, and often appear in multiple scenes (but as different characters) and who perform a variety of songs and dances throughout the show. Because of their multiple roles, they may have as much stage-time as the lead characters

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came to dominate London pantomime and made the character, Clown, a colourful agent of chaos, as important in the entertainment as Harlequin. At the same time, Harlequin began to be portrayed in a more romantic and stylised way.

615:. Harlequin was the first word (or the first word after the "or") because Harlequin was initially the most important character. The titles continued to include the word Harlequin even after the first decade of the 1800s, when 1129:

In the 19th century, until the 1880s, pantomimes typically included a transformation scene in which a Fairy Queen magically transformed the pantomime characters into the characters of the harlequinade, who then performed the

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Pantomime as described in this article was seldom performed in the United States until recent decades. As a consequence, Americans commonly understand the word "pantomime" to refer to the art of mime as it is practised by

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the suppression of unlicensed theatres in Paris. Although this constraint was only temporary, English pantomimes remained primarily visual for some decades before dialogue was introduced. An 18th-century author wrote of

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Pantomime is performed in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Switzerland, Australasia, Canada, Jamaica, South Africa, Malta and Andorra, among other places. It is performed mostly during the Christmas and New Year season.

1613:, Pennsylvania, has been presenting an annual Christmas pantomime season. Stages Repertory Theatre in Houston, Texas, has been performing original pantomime-style musicals during the Christmas holidays since 2008. 1117:

A slapstick comedy routine (slosh scene) may be performed, often a decorating or baking scene, with humour based on throwing messy substances. Until the 20th century, British pantomimes often concluded with a

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Grimaldi's performances elevated the role by "acute observation upon the foibles and absurdities of society, and his happy talent of holding them up to ridicule. He is the finest practical satyrist [

516:, the dancing master at Drury Lane, is cited as the first pantomime produced on the English stage. This production was not a success, and Weaver waited until 1716 to produce his next pantomimes, including 1386:

societies throughout the UK and Ireland, and during the pantomime season (roughly speaking, late November to February) productions are staged in many village halls and similar venues across the country.

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Pantomimes in Australia at Christmas were once very popular, but the genre has declined greatly since the middle of the 20th century. Several later professional productions did not recover their costs.

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legend, usually performed during Christmas gatherings, which contained the origin of many of the archetypal elements of the pantomime, such as stage fights, coarse humour and fantastic creatures,

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the Comú de La Massana, the local businesses the Club International d'Andorra and Vallnord ski station to raise money, most recently, for the less privileged children of Andorra.

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or cow (though could even be a camel if appropriate to the setting), played by two actors in a single costume, one as the head and front legs, the other as the body and back legs.

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pantomime productions in New York in March 1808, New York again in August 1808, Philadelphia in 1824, and Baltimore in 1839. A production at Olympic Theatre in New York of

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Harlequin Cock Robin and Jenny Wren; or, Fortunatus and the Water of Life, the Three Bears, the Three Gifts, the Three Wishes, and the Little Man who Woo'd the Little Maid

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into the theatres' pantomimes under the name of "Lun" (for "lunatic"). He gained great popularity for his pantomimes, especially beginning with his 1724 production of

1350: 808:, in his 2020 memoir, summarizes contemporary pantomime as classic folklore and fairy tales loosely retold in a slapstick theatrical comedy-musical, writing: "Think 362:(1727–1810) and Gasparo Angiolini (1731–1803), earned it respectability and attested to the capability of dance to render complex stories and express human emotion. 5547: 3650: 1382:

Many theatres in cities and towns throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland continue to present an annual professional pantomime. Pantomime is also popular with

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Pantomime story lines and scripts usually make no direct reference to Christmas and are almost always based on traditional children's stories, particularly the

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Does physical comedy and relates to children in the audience. Is usually paired with the Dame as a comedy double act, and is frequently the Dame's "son".

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ran for at least 943 performances between 1868 and 1873, (one source says 1,200 performances), becoming the longest-running pantomime in history.

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and little is known of it in pre-Roman Greece. The English word came to be applied to the performance itself. According to a lost oration by

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Roman pantomime was a production, usually based upon myth or legend, for a solo male dancer—clad in a long silk tunic and a short mantle (

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has performed pantomimes annually since 1972. since 2009 the Basel English Panto Group has performed at the Scala Basel each December.

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In the 17th century, adaptations of the commedia characters became familiar in English entertainments. From these, the standard English

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pantomime increased. Two writers who helped to elevate the importance and popularity of the fairy-tale portion of the pantomime were

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Pantomime gradually became more topical and comic, often involving spectacular and elaborate theatrical effects as far as possible.

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by its more artistic nature and relative lack of farce and coarse humour, though these were not absent from some productions.

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allow the star to showcase their well-known act, even when such a spot has little relation to the pantomime's plot. Critic

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cruise ship The other is in the theatre at the Erth Hotel, Abu Dhabi (formerly the Armed Forces Officers Club and Hotel).

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Broadbent, chapter 14. Broadbent spends the first half of his book tracing the ancient and European origins of pantomime.

284:, the pantomime was known for its erotic content and the effeminacy of its dancing; Aristides's work was responded to by 5783: 5487: 5033: 2731: 887: 792:

with family audiences, British pantomime continues as a popular form of theatre, incorporating song, dance, buffoonery,

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might include references to nursery rhymes and other children's stories involving characters called "Jack", such as

6391: 6381: 4695: 2022: 941: 836: 31: 224: 5939: 5928: 5848: 5700: 5621: 5440: 5197: 5085: 4799: 4760: 4345: 2887:"How a Vancouver theatre company turned a small holiday panto into one of the city's hottest tickets | CBC Radio" 2132: 1756: 977: 703: 609:

case, harlequin was used as an adjective, followed by words that described the pantomime "opening", for example:

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and others competed with Rich and produced their own pantomimes, and pantomime continued to grow in popularity.

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By the early 1800s, the pantomime's classical stories were often supplanted by stories adapted from European

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A fairy, genie or good spirit who helps the hero to defeat the villain, usually through magical means.

526:. After this, pantomime was regular feature at Drury Lane. In 1717 at Lincoln's Inn, actor and manager 518:

The Loves of Mars and Venus – a new Entertainment in Dancing after the manner of the Antient Pantomimes

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states that originally the pantomime himself was the singer). Music was supplied by flute and the

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https://www.lamassana.ad/butlletins_web/AD400_desembre_2018/AF%20butlleti%20AD400%20baixa.pdf

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Riding the Elephant: A Memoir of Altercations, Humiliations, Hallucinations, and Observations

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Pantomime was brought to Switzerland by British immigrants and is performed regularly in

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tradition of Italy and other European and British stage traditions, such as 17th-century

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tragedy and other Greek genres from its inception, although the art was instituted in

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The Golden Age of Pantomime: Slapstick, Spectacle and Subversion in Victorian England

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The Golden Age of Pantomime: Slapstick, Spectacle and Subversion in Victorian England

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Christopher, David (2002). "British Culture: An Introduction", p. 74, Routledge; and

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The development of English pantomime was also strongly influenced by the continental

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Pantomime has a long theatrical history in Western culture dating back to the era of

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2nd-century Macedonian theatrical sculpture, thought to represent a pantomime's mask

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in Abu Dhabi. One of the locations for Dubai Pantomimes is at the theatre on the

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and is strongly influenced by aspects of Jamaican culture, folklore and history.

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The animal, played by an actor in "animal skin" or animal costume. It is often a

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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of

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Family Productions has produced Christmas pantomimes since 2010 in California.

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Outside of the British Isles, the word "pantomime" is often understood to mean

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Objects and agents: women, materiality, and the making of contemporary theatre

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each Christmas season. Pantomimes imported from England were produced at the

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reversal, and good defeating evil. Precursors of pantomime also included the

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locale to another. Objects, too, were transformed by Harlequin's magic bat.

200:. An important part of the pantomime, until the late 19th century, was the 1099:

Music may be original but is more likely to combine well-known tunes with

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In the first two decades of the 18th century, two rival London theatres,

462:. Italian masque performances in the 17th century sometimes included the 285: 178: 3387: 386:, which grew in pomp and spectacle from the 15th to the 17th centuries. 6255: 6250: 6155: 6119: 6044: 6013: 5060: 4899: 4839: 4705: 4449: 4233: 2699:"Servei Especialitzat d'Atenció a la Infància i l'Adolescència (SEAIA)" 881: 841: 459: 2684: 6260: 6217: 6207: 5843: 5721: 5217: 5187: 4973: 4919: 4700: 4377: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4039: 4034: 3789: 3754: 3705: 1508: 1316: 1054:) is traditionally played by a young woman in male garments (such as 999:. Prior to about 1870, many other stories were made into pantomimes. 971: 593: 383: 336: 193: 177:

with a story more or less based on a well-known fairy tale, fable or

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comedy and dancing. It generally combines gender-crossing actors and

3635: 2508:. Another bench scene is described in the same source at pp. 44–45. 1883:, Oxford University Archive of Performances of Greek and Roman Drama 3457:"Pasadena Playhouse Mike Stoller and wife gave crucial $ 1 million" 1450:

The National Pantomime of Jamaica was started in 1941 by educators

6059: 4745: 4439: 4300: 3769: 3744: 3621: 1549: 1512: 1407: 1349: 1065: 835: 684: 622: 540: 396: 268:), meaning a dancer who acted all the roles or all the story. The 223: 96: 3640: 3210: 1033:

is common. Straight retellings of the original stories are rare.

800:, in-jokes, topical references, audience participation, and mild 6281: 5945: 4663: 3774: 3169: 3043: 1598: 1058:). Her romantic partner is usually the principal girl, a female 819: 667: 324: 4574: 3678: 3645: 331:

formed its subject-matter – tales such as those of the love of

3799: 3438:

puts Southern California imprint on British theater tradition"

3118:"A Family Friendly Pantomime is Coming to Dubai for Christmas" 3019: 2929:, No. 90, pp. 64–66, December 1993, accessed 24 December 2013. 2096: 2094: 633: 627:

Grimaldi (right) performing the comic dance during a pantomime

36: 3381:"Lythgoe Family Productions Presents CINDERELLA, 11/27-12/19" 2963: 1206:

Main character in the pantomime, a hero or charismatic rogue

678:

His guyish plots blown up – nay, do not frown;

545:

Playbill of an English circus and pantomime performance, 1803

4570: 3283:"People’s Light & Theatre presents 10th Holiday Panto – 1826:, Dance Horizons Incorporated, New York, 1969, pp. 40-42, 48 3613:– discussing British pantomime, its origins and traditions. 3359:"Panto Mine: A New Holiday Tradition Takes Hold in Houston" 2954:, Geneva Amateur Operatic Society. Retrieved 17 August 2024 2808:, Toronto"], Its-behind-you.com, accessed 24 November 2014. 2671:"Pantomime – Theatre Group – International Club of Andorra" 744:

in 1939. Well-known pantomime artists of this era included

149: 140: 3534:

Harlequin in His Element: The English Pantomime, 1806–1836

3162: 3145:"All The Christmas Shows Coming to this Abu Dhabi Theatre" 3067: 2912:, Little Theatre Movement, 2004, accessed 24 December 2013 1962:, Oxford University Press, 2003, accessed 21 October 2011 680:

You've always been a guy – now be a Clown.

662:

You will be fair Columbine – you Harlequin.

520:. The same year he produced a pantomime on the subject of 374:

was a traditional English folk play, based loosely on the

3674: 131: 1186:

The main roles within pantomime are usually as follows:

2656: 2164:, Victoria and Albert Museum, accessed January 8, 2016. 420:, a form of popular theatre that arose in Italy in the 342:

Because of the low status and the disappearance of its

3538:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 2478:"Oh yes it is: Why pantomime is such a British affair" 2000:, Victoria and Albert Museum, accessed 21 October 2011 1746:, It's-Behind-You.com, 2002, accessed 10 February 2013 1558:, used in a vaudeville circuit pantomime; sketched by 2113:, University of East London, accessed 17 January 2012 1861:, Dance Horizons Incorporated, New York, 1969, p. 50. 873:. Some of the most popular pantomime stories include 559:

explains the use of the "batte" or slapstick and the

143: 134: 2830:, White Rock Players' Club, retrieved 26 April 2018. 2783:"Mum's not the word with theatre genie's pantomimes" 1813:, Perseus Digital Library, accessed 16 November 2013 1711:, Jack Zipes (ed.), Oxford University Press (2006), 1582:, the earliest pantomime productions in the US were 137: 128: 6274: 6243: 6190: 6164: 6143: 6022: 5967: 5954: 5752: 5647: 5558: 5389: 5111: 5032: 4943: 4820: 4674: 4405: 4313: 4219: 4084: 4002: 3966: 3959: 3950: 3853: 3822: 3813: 3712: 2940:"The history and development of Pantomime in Malta" 2568:

Heavy Words Lightly Thrown: The Reason Behind Rhyme

1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 713:This passage is from a pantomime adaptation of the 152: 146: 125: 3531: 3319:"Preview: Panto Cinderella is a British Tradition" 674:Though Guy Fawkes now is saved from rocks and axe, 211:, rather than the theatrical form described here. 3670:"The Rise and Fall of the Pantomime Harlequinade" 3616: 2714:"British pantomime ready to take Sydney by storm" 1425:Christmas pantomimes are performed yearly at the 3494:Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., Ltd. 3092:"Christmas 2019 Family Fun Watching A Pantomime" 2759:"Ontario's theatrical heritage in the spotlight" 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 1896:, Project Britain, 2013, accessed 21 April 2016. 1709:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Children's Literature 1412:Performers at a pantomime in Victoria, Australia 2320:The Melodies Linger On: The Story of Music Hall 1909:, Project Britain, 2013, accessed 21 April 2016 1433:Productions has staged pantomimes at Toronto's 657: 565: 389: 2757:Flowers, Ellen; Pim, Gordon (September 2013). 2494:"Audience Participation, Community and Ritual" 1960:Oxford Encyclopedia of Theatre and Performance 1209:Traditionally a young woman in men's clothing 4586: 3690: 3501:The Routledge Companion to Commedia dell'Arte 2393:, 17 December 2010, accessed January 8, 2016. 2274:, Its-Behind-You.com, accessed 3 January 2014 2252: 2250: 2075: 2073: 818:but with everyone's back catalogue, not just 441: 425: 8: 2852:, 18 December 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2018. 2532:, 20 December 2004. Retrieved 26 April 2018. 2260:, vol. 3, issue 23, Summer 2008, pp. 710–12. 2219: 2217: 2215: 1785: 1783: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1667: 1665: 1663: 660:Lovers stand forth. With you we shall begin. 188:. It developed partly from the 16th century 3340:"Panto Bring Texas Laughs to British Genre" 3239:, Lib.rochester.edu, accessed 10 June 2010. 2942:, Masters Thesis, University of Malta, 2014 2287:Payne, William Henry Schofield (1803–1878)" 2197: 2195: 2193: 2027:The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre 664:King Jamie there, the bonnie Scottish loon, 536:The Necromancer; or, History of Dr. Faustus 5964: 4593: 4579: 4571: 3963: 3956: 3819: 3697: 3683: 3675: 3236:Pantomime, Burlesque, and Children's Drama 1846:Des Aelius Aristides Rede gegen die Tänzer 1442:partnership with The Cultch in Vancouver. 1378:United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland 307:or "dance-story") rendered by a singer or 3651:Panto in Wales seen through American eyes 3068:"Events Company | Outside The Box Events" 2977:"Taking centre stage: English live shows" 2488: 2486: 2256:Crowther, Andrew. "Clown and Harlequin", 2162:"The Origin of Popular Pantomime Stories" 2021:Hartnoll, Phyllis and Peter Found (eds). 1265:. Often a wicked wizard, witch or demon. 1050:The leading male juvenile character (the 83:Learn how and when to remove this message 2516: 2514: 2472: 2470: 2240: 2238: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1803:Liddell, Henry George and Robert Scott. 1458:in Jamaica. Among the first players was 1339:Usually a group of young boys and girls 1278: 1220:Traditionally a middle-aged man in drag 1188: 473:developed, depicting the eloping lovers 232:The word pantomime was adopted from the 27:Genre of musical comedy stage production 3383:. broadwayworld.com. 28 September 2010. 2543:"Localism and Modern British Pantomime" 2291:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2207:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2065:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1659: 1429:Village Theatre in Quebec. Since 1996, 1327:Members often have several minor roles 2863:"EAST VAN PANTO | Theatre Replacement" 2846:brings King's panto history to Surrey" 2183: 2181: 2179: 2017: 2015: 1773: 1771: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1462:. Other notable players have included 1031:highly unlikely resolution of the plot 358:(1631–1705), John Weaver (1673–1760), 5923:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus 3555:The Pantomime Life of Joseph Grimaldi 3306:. broadwayworld.com. 27 November 2012 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1707:Reid-Walsh, Jacqueline. "Pantomime", 676:I think he should pay the powder-tax. 7: 3143:Buckridge, Miles (2 November 2021). 2657:"English Language School la Massana" 2322:, London: W. H. Allen (1950), p. 340 2124:Memoirs of the life of David Garrick 1578:According to Russell A. Peck of the 921:. Other traditional stories include 3515:New Directions in Ancient Pantomime 1880:Ancient Pantomime and its Reception 1593:In 1993, there was a production of 1122:, a free-standing entertainment of 722:1837 to the end of the harlequinade 2685:"Estació d'Esquí i Bike a Andorra" 2385:"Top ten pantomimes for Christmas" 1607:People's Light and Theatre Company 1454:and Greta Fowler, pioneers of the 1228:Normally the hero's love interest 1133:The Chorus, who can be considered 25: 2596:Gurnos-Davies, Katherine (2021). 2547:A World of Popular Entertainments 2500:, p. 130, Intellect Books, 2007. 784:Modern traditions and conventions 240:, which in turn derives from the 6344: 6343: 5799:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004 5694:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight 4554: 4545: 4544: 3553:McConnell Stott, Andrew (2009). 3499:Chaffee, Judith and Olly Crick, 2367:, New York, Penguin, pp. 89–91, 2126:, New edition, 1780, I. x. 129, 1482:. The annual pantomime opens on 1157:the piece. Billington said that 600:, classic English literature or 121: 41: 6397:Christmas in the United Kingdom 3666:) by Catherine Haill, V & A 3617:Geneva Amateur Operatic Society 2994:"Family Theatre Shows in Dubai" 2612:Carpani, Jessica (2019-12-23). 2336:. 27 September 1916. p. 1. 1521:Geneva Amateur Operatic Society 1499:genre remains strong in Malta. 894:Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs 788:Traditionally performed around 481:, pursued by the girl's father 5779:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland 5708:Christmas Day in the Workhouse 5091:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer 4870:Legend of the Christmas Spider 3599:. London: Home & Van Thal. 3557:. Edinburgh: Canongate Books. 3361:. CultureMap. 10 December 2009 2801:Goldilocks and the Three Bears 2712:Blake, Elissa (24 June 2014). 2203:"Grimaldi, Joseph (1778–1837)" 2145:Broadbent, chapters 14 and 15. 1920:"The English Pantomime Masque" 1678:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 1010:Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves 966:Goldilocks and the Three Bears 563:that led to the harlequinade: 319:of an iron-shod shoe called a 1: 5730:Christmas television specials 5629:The New Oxford Book of Carols 4716:Annunciation to the shepherds 3513:Hall, E. and R. Wyles, eds., 2923:"Theatre: National Pantomime" 2498:British Pantomime Performance 2332:"Gleams from the spotlight". 2258:W. S. Gilbert Society Journal 825:The Rocky Horror Picture Show 405: 5784:Christmas and holiday season 3636:The Secret Pantomime Society 3525:. New York: Harry N. Abrams. 3304:"Stages' Panto Mother Goose" 3044:"H2 Productions Middle East" 2789:, accessed 24 November 2014. 2271:The Development of Pantomime 2173:McConnell Stott, pp. 95–100. 1857:Quoted in Lincoln Kirstein, 888:Dick Whittington and His Cat 498:Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre 393:and early English adaptation 3285:Cinderella: A Musical Panto 2964:"Basel English Panto Group" 2305:, 4 September 1871, p. 41, 1515:since 1994, in a hangar at 1217:Normally the hero's mother 951:(combined with elements of 376:Saint George and the Dragon 295:) that was often used as a 6413: 4696:Adoration of the Shepherds 3590:. New York: Benjamin Blom. 2480:, BBC News, 3 January 2016 1744:"The History of Pantomime" 1543: 1007:may include elements from 668: 356:Claude-François Ménestrier 108:book cover, 1890, showing 32:Pantomime (disambiguation) 29: 6339: 5940:WWE Tribute to the Troops 5701:A Visit from St. Nicholas 5622:The Oxford Book of Carols 5198:Feast of the Seven Fishes 4761:Massacre of the Innocents 4610: 4540: 3530:Mayer, David III (1969). 2966:, accessed 24 August 2019 2570:, Thorndike Press, 2006 ( 2412:Jeffrey Richards (2015). 2133:Oxford English Dictionary 2079:Chaffee and Crick, p. 278 1794:, Encyclopædia Britannica 1757:Oxford English Dictionary 1486:at the Little Theatre in 1247:Benevolent magical being 978:St. George and the Dragon 502:Theatre Royal, Drury Lane 5742:Apollo 8 Genesis reading 3586:Smith, Winifred (1964). 3486:Broadbent, R.J. (1901). 3259:"Zsa Zsa Gabor in Panto 3170:"Theatre by QE2 | Dubai" 2445:Origins of Panto Stories 2363:Ferguson, Craig (2020). 2061:"Rich, John (1692–1761)" 1601:Freud Theatre, starring 641:scenic magic as well as 370:In the Middle Ages, the 272:pantomime drew upon the 5904:Small Business Saturday 5774:Black Friday (shopping) 5769:Black Friday (partying) 5263:Nine Lessons and Carols 5193:Events and celebrations 3994:Theatre of ancient Rome 2806:Royal Alexandra Theatre 2031:(subscription required) 1964:(subscription required) 1810:A Greek–English Lexicon 1580:University of Rochester 1564:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 1460:Louise Bennett-Coverley 1456:Little Theatre Movement 1439:Royal Alexandra Theatre 1366:wartime performance of 1037:Performance conventions 867:Hans Christian Andersen 485:and his comic servants 299:—accompanied by a sung 102:The Christmas Pantomime 5548:Post-War United States 3597:The Story of Pantomime 3595:Wilson, A. E. (1949). 3588:The Commedia dell'Arte 3575:(I. B. Tauris, 2014). 3521:Lawner, Lynne (1998). 3489:A History of Pantomime 3436:A Snow White Christmas 3390:A Snow White Christmas 2867:theatrereplacement.org 2770:Ontario Heritage Trust 2088:Broadbent, chapter 15. 2050:Broadbent, chapter 14. 1983:Broadbent, chapter 10. 1974:Broadbent, chapter 12. 1907:"Christmas Pantomimes" 1639:(Christmas fairy tale) 1567: 1556:Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon 1413: 1370: 1094:Audience participation 1071: 1021:Jack and the Beanstalk 960:Little Red Riding Hood 900:Jack and the Beanstalk 850: 710: 683: 628: 570: 546: 442: 426: 411: 366:Development in Britain 229: 113: 5597:Hit singles in the US 5592:Hit singles in the UK 5153:Carols by Candlelight 5081:Santa Claus' daughter 4689:Adoration of the Magi 4201:Theatre of the Absurd 3622:Pantomime Shows in UK 3523:Harlequin on the Moon 3020:"The Dubai Pantomime" 2718:Sydney Morning Herald 2520:Billington, Michael. 2402:Broadbent, chapter 19 2187:Broadbent, chapter 16 1835:Broadbent, pp. 21–34. 1553: 1411: 1353: 1069: 839: 688: 626: 544: 523:Perseus and Andromeda 400: 260:) meaning "all", and 227: 100: 6387:19th-century theatre 5889:Santa's Candy Castle 5213:Google Santa Tracker 4176:Shakespearean comedy 3974:Ancient Greek comedy 3413:Cinderella Christmas 3048:www.h2productions.ae 2938:Spiteri, Stephanie. 2673:. 23 September 2010. 1956:"Pantomime, British" 1527:United Arab Emirates 1075:An older woman (the 930:Beauty and the Beast 847:Nottingham Playhouse 804:. Scottish comedian 561:transformation scene 432:(young lovers); the 360:Jean-Georges Noverre 30:For other uses, see 5894:Santa Claus Village 5809:Christmas Mountains 5715:Journey of the Magi 4721:Baptism of the Lord 3611:MusicalTalk Podcast 3571:Richards, Jeffrey. 3293:, November 15, 2013 3271:. 14 December 1993. 3149:What's On Abu Dhabi 2840:Alexandra, Kristi. 2738:on 22 December 2013 2448:, Limelight scripts 2390:The Daily Telegraph 2383:Bowie-Sell, Daisy. 2059:Dircks, Phyllis T. 1877:Alessandra Zanobi. 1727:Mayer (1969), p. 6. 1632:Victorian burlesque 446:(servants) such as 422:Early Modern Period 18:Christmas pantomime 6004:Twelve-dish supper 5854:Jews and Christmas 5804:Christmas Lectures 5533:American Civil War 5268:NORAD Tracks Santa 4644:Saint Nicholas Day 4164:Comédie larmoyante 4159:Sentimental comedy 4154:Restoration comedy 4117:Commedia dell'arte 3989:Corral de comedias 3662:2011-11-08 at the 3628:2009-11-26 at the 3503:(Routledge, 2015) 3444:. 11 December 2012 3421:. 23 December 2011 3398:. 26 November 2011 3248:Broadbent, p. 215. 3024:www.dubaipanto.com 3000:. 7 September 2021 2826:2014-12-21 at the 2526:: Old Vic, London" 2354:, 20 December 2014 2334:Sporting Chronicle 2318:W. MacQueen-Pope, 2109:2011-11-08 at the 2100:Haill, Catherine. 1925:2016-04-26 at the 1822:Lincoln Kirstein, 1681:. Merriam-Webster. 1568: 1546:American pantomime 1414: 1371: 1173:and it was huge." 1154:Michael Billington 1072: 990:The Little Mermaid 851: 711: 704:Drury Lane Theatre 629: 547: 436:(old men) such as 417:commedia dell'arte 412: 391:Commedia dell'arte 230: 190:commedia dell'arte 114: 6392:Christmas onstage 6382:Theatrical genres 6359: 6358: 6335: 6334: 5999:Thirteen desserts 5919:Virginia O'Hanlon 5764:Advent Conspiracy 5678:Films (Christmas, 5670:A Christmas Carol 5615:Carols for Choirs 5158:Cavalcade of Magi 5138:Boar's Head Feast 4807:Star of Bethlehem 4778:Nativity of Jesus 4766:flight into Egypt 4651:St. Stephen's Day 4568: 4567: 4346:Musical comedians 4309: 4308: 4107:Comedy of manners 4102:Comedy of humours 4092:Boulevard theatre 4080: 4079: 3984:Comédie-Italienne 3979:Comédie-Française 3946: 3945: 3564:978-1-84767-295-7 3509:978-0-415-74506-2 3463:. 23 January 2013 3461:Los Angeles Times 3442:Los Angeles Times 3419:Los Angeles Times 3415:at the El Portal" 3411:"Theater review: 3346:. 9 November 2009 3344:Houston Chronicle 3327:. 8 December 2008 3324:Houston Chronicle 3268:Los Angeles Times 3233:Peck, Russell A. 3174:Theatre by QE2 v2 3124:. 27 October 2020 3098:. 29 October 2019 2981:Hello Switzerland 2975:Baumhofer, Emma. 2819:Past Productions" 2541:Lipton, Martina. 2429:978-1-78076-293-7 2348:"It's Behind You" 1998:"Early pantomime" 1918:Burden, Michael. 1637:Weihnachtsmärchen 1560:Marguerite Martyn 1534:Queen Elizabeth 2 1384:amateur dramatics 1343: 1342: 1285:Role description 1272: 1271: 1195:Role description 1101:re-written lyrics 948:Babes in the Wood 778:Cullen and Carthy 733:Henry James Byron 699:Babes in the Wood 666:Will be a famous 252:), consisting of 186:classical theatre 93: 92: 85: 16:(Redirected from 6404: 6351: 6347: 6346: 6182:Redcurrant sauce 5971: 5965: 5960: 5934:Winter festivals 5684:Christmas horror 5651: 5562: 5393: 5248:Meals and feasts 5168:Christmas jumper 5115: 5086:Santa's reindeer 5038: 4984:Father Christmas 4948: 4905:Santa's workshop 4826: 4788:in later culture 4666: 4659: 4652: 4645: 4638: 4631: 4624: 4617: 4604: 4595: 4588: 4581: 4572: 4558: 4548: 4547: 4495:Self-referential 4112:Comedy of menace 3964: 3957: 3820: 3699: 3692: 3685: 3676: 3600: 3591: 3568: 3549: 3537: 3526: 3496: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3392:opens Nov. 30th" 3384: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3300: 3294: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3255: 3249: 3246: 3240: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3221: 3211:"Erth Abu Dhabi" 3207: 3205: 3204: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3180: 3166: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3078: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3054: 3040: 3034: 3033: 3031: 3030: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3005: 2990: 2984: 2973: 2967: 2961: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2936: 2930: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2897: 2883: 2877: 2876: 2874: 2873: 2859: 2853: 2838: 2832: 2815: 2809: 2796: 2790: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2766:Heritage Matters 2763: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2734:. 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Since 2004, 1544:Main article: 1541: 1538: 1528: 1525: 1504: 1501: 1495: 1492: 1464:Oliver Samuels 1447: 1444: 1422: 1419: 1405: 1402: 1396: 1393: 1379: 1376: 1364:Windsor Castle 1347: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1320: 1309: 1306: 1305:Animals, etc. 1302: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1266: 1261:The pantomime 1259: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1222: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1203:Principal boy 1200: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1131: 1127: 1115: 1111: 1104: 1097: 1091: 1084: 1077:pantomime dame 1064: 1063: 1038: 1035: 1016:Arabian Nights 871:Grimm Brothers 833: 830: 814:featuring the 806:Craig Ferguson 798:cross-dressing 785: 782: 750:Payne Brothers 742:Lyceum Theatre 723: 720: 672:for Pantaloon. 658: 602:nursery rhymes 585: 582: 510:Tavern Bilkers 404:as Harlequin, 394: 388: 367: 364: 333:Venus and Mars 305:fabula saltica 221: 218: 216: 213: 175:topical humour 166:musical comedy 91: 90: 54:citation style 49: 47: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6409: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6377:Comedy genres 6375: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6352: 6342: 6341: 6338: 6328: 6325: 6322: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6275:Meat and fish 6273: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6236: 6233: 6229: 6226: 6225: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6213:Hot chocolate 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6189: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6163: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6142: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6027: 6025: 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while 1018: 1017: 1012: 1011: 1006: 1000: 998: 997: 992: 991: 986: 985: 980: 979: 974: 973: 968: 967: 962: 961: 956: 955: 950: 949: 944: 943: 938: 937: 932: 931: 926: 925: 920: 919: 914: 913: 912:Puss in Boots 908: 907: 902: 901: 897:, as well as 896: 895: 890: 889: 884: 883: 878: 877: 872: 868: 864: 863:Joseph Jacobs 860: 856: 848: 844: 843: 838: 831: 829: 827: 826: 821: 817: 816:Three Stooges 813: 812: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 783: 781: 779: 775: 771: 770:Clarice Mayne 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 746:William Payne 743: 738: 734: 730: 729:James Planché 721: 719: 716: 709: 705: 701: 700: 695: 691: 687: 681: 656: 653: 647: 644: 638: 636: 635: 625: 621: 618: 614: 613: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 583: 581: 579: 578:David Garrick 575: 574:Colley Cibber 569: 564: 562: 557: 556:Opéra-Comique 553: 552:David Garrick 543: 539: 537: 533: 529: 525: 524: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 494: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 467: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 444: 439: 435: 430: 429: 423: 419: 418: 403: 399: 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