229:, decided to form a union with principles of dignity, justice, stewardship, and respect, and allowed freedom of association. Those immigrants were accustomed to the European model of labour relations, with freedom of association allowed from a variety of unions to choose from. In Canada, however, people who disagreed with the policies of their union had no option to opt out of the union of their workplace, other than to work in a non-unionized shop. Many non-unionized shops had lower safety and wage standards than unionized shops. A group of those immigrants met on numerous occasions in the early 1950s, and on 20 February 1952, the Christian Labour Association (CLAC) was founded.
40:
1542:
183:
409:
workers and their families have been expanded. Now, CLAC, its members, signatory companies, and the general public can donate to various causes through the foundation. Projects include providing training for tradespeople in areas hit by natural disasters, supporting the China Labour
Bulletin, helping workers in Canada prepare to re-enter the workforce, and raising awareness about the issues affecting workers around the world.
1565:
343:(ITUC), a global labour organization with affiliates comprising 175 million workers around the world, after the ITUC concluded that "by its published policy and by its activity CLAC indeed undermines labour conditions of workers." CLAC disputed ITUC's reasons for the suspension and noted that it has been certified over 2,000 times by labour boards across Canada. The
904:
256:. The BC Labour Relations Board granted certification to a CLAC local, but the Ontario Labour Relations Board denied certification because of a technicality. However, the Board expressed its concern with the fact that CLAC was based on Christian principles and believed that it would discriminate against non-Christian workers.
324:
The CLAC's members fund a variety of benefit programs such as health and disability insurance, pension and retirement plans, apprenticeship subsidies, training grants, layoff assistance, and a strike fund. The association operates training centres in
Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, and
203:
that represents companies in the construction, healthcare, and food industries. It was established in 1952 to represent workers on the basis of "Christian social principles". The union claims that its approach to labour relations develops workers' sense of responsibility, participation, stewardship,
288:
issued a decision, disagreeing with the Labour Board's refusal to certify CLAC and saying that the board had erred in three ways. One was in allowing old, irrelevant evidence to be used in making its decision. Another was in misinterpreting the anti-discriminatory statute, thus misapplying it to
274:
The pressure from outside the organization led to internal pressures. Some members wanted to take out the language in the constitution that stated that CLAC was based on
Christian principles (Article 2). Those arguments led the union to split in 1958, with Fuykschot and several others leaving to
266:
CLAC repeatedly tried to gain certification in
Ontario and was repeatedly denied on the basis of being discriminatory. In 1959, the union updated their constitution to state specifically that members and applicants did not have to accept the Christian values on which the union was based and that
408:
CLAC has been providing financial aid to workers around the world for 25 through its solidarity locals, which are made up of CLAC by members who are not directly represented by the union but believe in the work that it does. Through the CLAC Foundation, the efforts and ability to aid struggling
1284:
unions (communist and non-communist) has been integral to right-wing populism and more extremist politics since their inception. What is unique about CLAC's popular appeals to workers is the blaming of 'traditional' unions for a variety of social and economic ills – while at the same time
392:
regarding the employer-driven recognition of CLAC by Best
Service Pros Ltd., which provides janitorial services to public post-secondary educational institutions in British Columbia, resulted in the board ruling against CLAC and nullifying the collective agreement between CLAC and employees.
516:. It was formed in 1984 but became dormant in 1992 when the government of Saskatchewan disallowed all unions, except for certain trade unions, from representing workers in the construction industry. Local 151 was re-certified in 2010 once the restrictions were struck down by Bill 80.
351:, the CLC president, who was also a Vice-President and member of the Executive Board of the ITUC. The CLAC was not granted a hearing before the ITUC's General Council. At its National Convention on 14 September 2012, CLAC delegates voted to resign from the ITUC and join the
240:, the official CLAC magazine, was published. Although the founders of CLAC were Christian and wanted their union to be based on Christian social principles, they did not require members to be Christian. Within two years, CLAC started applying for its first certifications.
1268:, p. 55: "CLAC is often characterized as an accommodationist, or 'company,' union – an opportunistic, pariah organization that allows employers who would otherwise face a 'real' union (i.e., traditional, militant) a convenient union-avoidance alternative."
289:
CLAC. Finally, CLAC certification had been denied without any legal basis. McRuer found that neither CLAC's constitution nor its practices were discriminatory. He ordered the board's decision to be quashed and so CLAC gained the right to certify locals.
270:
CLAC came into conflict with other unions. Workers who were known to be affiliated with CLAC were often harassed and intimidated by members of other unions. Other unions told their members to stop working as soon as CLAC members showed up on a job site.
263:, a labour federation based in the US, threatened CLAC publicly and took job action against CLAC members. Because of the Ontario Labour Board's decision that CLAC's constitution was discriminatory, BC later refused CLAC's recertification application.
363:
Some trade unions allege that employers are voluntarily quick to recognize the CLAC because of its willingness to undercut industry-standard wages and working conditions, which other unions have struggled to improve. According to a report from the
355:(WOW). The CLAC joined the ITUC in 2006 as a founding member but no longer believes that the ITUC respects union pluralism or workers' right to freedom of association and so it cannot be a reliable partner for international justice for workers.
283:
Frustrated by the
Ontario Labour Board's repeated refusal to recognize CLAC locals, CLAC applied for a judicial review by the Ontario Supreme Court of the refusal to grant certification to CLAC Local 52. In 1963, Chief Justice
396:
CLAC is regarded by international trade organizations as a danger to labour unions and a threat to collective action to the benefit of workers. Trade unions often allege that the CLAC is a
400:
and that many of its provisions are company-oriented and deceptive to workers. CLAC, in response, takes the position that "traditional" unions are to blame for the attacks on themselves.
372:
by agreeing to contracts that provide less than the minimums afforded by law because a provision of the act is that it does not apply to workers represented by a union. In 2018, the
1125:
380:
project to be members of a construction union within 30 days of the directive, intentionally excluding CLAC. It is alleged that this decision was biased due to the governing
275:
establish a new union, the
Christian Trade Unions of Canada. The CTUC did not refer to the Bible as its basis in its constitution. The CTUC quickly received certification.
347:
rejected allegations that CLAC is a "company dominated organization". The suspension came at the request of the CLC, whose affiliated unions compete with the CLAC, and
543:. It was established in 1964 under the name Edson Truck Drivers and Warehousemen Association No. 56 and Transport, Warehousemen and Allied Trades Association No. 56.
1585:
369:
770:
344:
321:, in sectors such as construction, social services, healthcare, emergency services, transportation, retail, education, hospitality, and manufacturing.
1600:
1590:
365:
340:
1373:
1043:
297:
In negotiating wages and benefits for its members, the CLAC considers the "economic viability of the enterprise." The association supports the
389:
1206:
1152:
1129:
22:
328:
The CLAC has about 200 full-time staff working from 12 regional offices, two benefit administration offices, and its training centres.
1179:
1099:
1357:
Christian Labour
Association of Canada: Competing from the Outside; An Analysis of the Competitiveness of a Small Alternative Union
597:
476:. It is CLAC's largest local and was formed in 1966. In 2002, Construction Workers Association Local 65 was merged with Local 63.
1595:
795:
352:
164:
1555:
1072:
373:
26:
305:
and as a balance between individual and collective interests. It represents more than 58,000 workers under some 550
39:
336:
1569:
490:. It was formed in 1972 under the name Metal, Transport & Warehouse Employees Association Local No. 67.
302:
306:
285:
204:
and dignity. It opposes what it calls the undemocratic, adversarial, and monopolistic practices of the
1445:
652:
represents retirement, healthcare, social service, hospitality, manufacturing, and service workers in
624:
represents healthcare, home care, and service workers in south-central
Ontario. It was formed in 2001.
427:
381:
1156:
1051:
232:
Frans
Fuykschot was appointed the general secretary of CLAC and opened the union's first office, in
707:
663:
1481:
1473:
1428:
643:
639:
87:
1103:
573:
represents workers in transportation and warehousing in British Columbia. It was formed in 2012.
854:
1514:
1465:
1420:
738:
693:
667:
631:
233:
615:
459:
1457:
1412:
1360:
653:
560:
550:
487:
451:
368:, a Canadian based think-tank, CLAC has helped employers in British Columbia circumvent the
249:
226:
1547:
1509:
Livesey, Bruce (1998). "Who Are Our Brothers? The Christian Labour Association of Canada".
610:
represents healthcare, home care, child care, and service workers, primarily in and around
1446:"The Christian Labour Association of Canada (CLAC): Between Company and Populist Unionism"
1403:
Tufts, Steven; Thomas, Mark P. (2014). "Populist Unionism Confronts Austerity in Canada".
1183:
1017:
611:
463:
388:. Additionally, in 2018, an application to the British Columbia Labour Relations Board by
377:
205:
1084:
1541:
182:
503:
483:
115:
225:
A group of Canadians, many of whom were Dutch immigrants who came to Canada after the
1579:
1485:
1432:
397:
385:
348:
209:
1375:
Negotiating Without a Floor: Unionized Worker Exclusion from BC Employment Standards
728:
513:
318:
260:
711:
586:
represents healthcare workers, service workers, and voice-over professionals in
200:
76:
1518:
1469:
1424:
1416:
571:
British Columbia Transportation and Warehousing Association, Local 402 (CLAC)
635:
298:
1381:. With McCallum, Simone. Vancouver: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives
608:
Southwestern Ontario Health Care and Service Workers Union local 303 (CLAC)
496:
represents construction workers in British Columbia. It was formed in 1973.
325:
Saskatchewan, which are funded by negotiated education and training funds.
1461:
1126:"CLAC to continue to represent Saskatchewan workers – Journal of Commerce"
21:"CLAC" redirects here. For the organization of liberal arts colleges, see
752:
671:
557:
Manufacturing, Transportation & Allied Workers Union Local 519 (CLAC)
547:
Transport, Construction and General Employees Association Local 66 (CLAC)
523:
314:
1564:
1477:
440:
represents construction workers in Ontario, primarily north and east of
208:. It has been characterized by other Canadian trade unions for being a "
1364:
1330:
742:
697:
601:
587:
564:
540:
473:
441:
431:
310:
253:
109:
91:
662:
represents education assistants, custodians, and grocery workers near
1022:
Business Edge News Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 21, Calgary/Red Deer Edition
765:
455:
434:. It was formed in 1960 as part of CTUC and merged with CLAC in 1979.
690:
Greater Hamilton Volunteer Firefighters Association Local 911 (CLAC)
549:
primarily represents transportation, warehouse, and dock workers in
704:
Eastern Ontario Volunteer Firefighters Association Local 920 (CLAC)
1002:
Court Decisions—Cited 63 CLLC: Trenton Workers Assoc. v. Tange in
539:
represents transportation and manufacturing workers, primarily in
332:, the CLAC's official magazine, is published four times per year.
267:
applicants would not be discriminated against for their religion.
537:
Logistics, Manufacturing and Allied Trades Union Local 56 (CLAC)
1233:
Best Service Pros Ltd. v Service Employees' International Union
628:
Grand River Valley Health Care Employees Union Local 305 (CLAC)
313:. The membership is concentrated in Alberta, British Columbia,
1085:"Decision of the ITUC to Suspend CLAC - Canadian Boilermakers"
594:
Niagara Health Care and Service Workers Union Local 302 (CLAC)
630:
represents retirement and nursing home workers in and around
1550:– Web Archive created by the University of Toronto Libraries
1231:
817:
384:
political base of labour organizers perceiving CLAC to be a
1359:(master's thesis). Hamilton, Ontario: McMaster University.
1308:
1006:
vol. 2 1960-1964 (Canada: CCH Canadian Limited, 1964), 655.
935:
933:
660:
Education, Service, and Health Care Union Local 306 (CLAC)
650:
Service, Health and Allied Workers Union, Local 501 (CLAC)
836:
834:
502:
represents construction workers in Ontario, primarily in
584:
Health Care and Service Employee' Union Local 301 (CLAC)
1207:"Not All Unions Are Unvited to NDP's Union-Only Party"
622:
Health Care and Service Workers Union Local 304 (CLAC)
494:
Construction and Allied Workers' Union Local 68 (CLAC)
309:
across Canada; more than 15,000 of its workers are in
1553:
25:. For the Montreal anti-capitalist organization, see
735:
Security and Service Workers Union, Local 503 (CLAC)
212:" for its support of employer friendly legislation.
170:
160:
150:
140:
127:
99:
82:
72:
54:
46:
1535:
678:Independent Educators Association, Local 62 (CLAC)
175:
596:represents healthcare and service workers in the
480:General and Allied Workers Union Local 67 (CLAC)
259:After CLAC was granted certification in BC, the
859:Perspectives on Labour and Income, Vol. 3 No. 9
450:represents construction workers in and around
339:(CLC). Furthermore, it was suspended from the
727:Union Local 504 (CLAC) represents workers in
8:
32:
1277:
1265:
987:
975:
963:
951:
939:
924:
890:
878:
853:Tony Fang and Anil Verma (September 2002).
840:
520:Construction Workers Union Local 152 (CLAC)
510:Construction Workers Union Local 151 (CLAC)
472:represents construction workers throughout
248:In 1954 CLAC applied for certifications in
1540:
771:Christian Reformed Church in North America
470:Construction Workers Union Local 63 (CLAC)
181:
38:
31:
1398:. Christian Labour Association of Canada.
1153:"Old Labour Tries to Oust CLAC from ITUC"
1294:
998:
996:
1560:
786:
482:represents construction workers in the
366:Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives
345:Court of Queen's Bench for Saskatchewan
341:International Trade Union Confederation
1586:Christian Labour Association of Canada
1548:Christian Labour Association of Canada
1253:
1100:"CLAC Surpasses 2,000th Certification"
1018:"Unions look to plug into hot economy"
794:Canada Labour Program (11 June 2014).
236:. Soon afterwards, the first issue of
193:Christian Labour Association of Canada
33:Christian Labour Association of Canada
1396:In Pursuit of Justice: So Far So Good
706:represents volunteer firefighters in
692:represents volunteer firefighters in
500:Construction Workers Local 150 (CLAC)
390:Service Employees International Union
376:required construction workers on the
301:as an expression of the principle of
7:
1285:defending unions as an institution."
905:"Frans Pieter Fuykschot (1896-1961)"
559:represents manufacturing workers in
448:Construction Workers Local 53 (CLAC)
438:Construction Workers Local 52 (CLAC)
335:The CLAC is not affiliated with the
522:represents construction workers in
512:represents construction workers in
430:in south-central and south-western
424:Construction Workers Local 6 (CLAC)
23:Consortium of Liberal Arts Colleges
578:Healthcare, education, and service
14:
714:, Ontario. It was formed in 2005.
646:, Ontario. It was formed in 2005.
618:, Ontario. It was formed in 2001.
466:, Ontario. It was formed in 1962.
1601:Trade unions established in 1952
1563:
1016:Laura Severs (19 October 2007).
796:"Union Coverage in Canada, 2013"
531:Manufacturing and transportation
737:represents security workers in
1591:Companies based in Mississauga
1205:Smyth, Mike (16 August 2018).
1:
1048:Training, Benefits, Insurance
353:World Organization of Workers
165:World Organization of Workers
1513:. Vol. 17, no. 5.
1180:"CLAC Quits ITUC, Joins WOW"
374:Province of British Columbia
60:; 72 years ago
27:Anti-Capitalist Convergence
1617:
903:Vakbeweging in de oorlog.
20:
1004:Canadian Labour Law Cases
37:
1444: (2017).
1417:10.1177/0160449X14530705
1394:Grootenboer, Ed (2002).
755:. It was formed in 2012.
745:. It was formed in 1999.
731:. It was formed in 2010.
700:. It was formed in 2004.
674:. It was formed in 2007.
656:. It was formed in 1975.
604:. It was formed in 1988.
590:. It was formed in 1983.
567:. It was formed in 2001.
553:. It was formed in 1971.
526:. It was formed in 1986.
506:. It was formed in 1975.
444:. It was formed in 1960.
370:Employment Standards Act
337:Canadian Labour Congress
1355:Cywinski, Adam (2011).
1329:China Labour Bulletin.
1278:Tufts & Thomas 2014
1266:Tufts & Thomas 2017
841:Tufts & Thomas 2017
1596:Christian trade unions
1372:Fairey, David (2007).
684:Volunteer firefighters
293:Practices and policies
1462:10.1353/llt.2017.0043
1405:Labor Studies Journal
307:collective agreements
286:James Chalmers McRuer
855:"Union Wage Premium"
751:is a local for CLAC
428:construction workers
1186:on 12 December 2012
279:Certification: 1963
34:
1159:on 15 January 2013
1106:on 15 January 2013
1054:on 6 November 2010
404:International work
152:Executive director
142:Official language
1450:Labour/Le Travail
1309:"CLAC Foundation"
990:, pp. 27–28.
893:, pp. 10–14.
234:Hamilton, Ontario
189:
188:
1608:
1570:Organized labour
1568:
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1559:
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1536:Official website
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1182:. Archived from
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1155:. Archived from
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1132:on 30 April 2012
1128:. Archived from
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988:Grootenboer 2002
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551:British Columbia
488:British Columbia
303:free association
250:British Columbia
227:Second World War
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1502:Further reading
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1044:"CLAC Programs"
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1331:"Solidarity"
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161:Affiliations
83:Headquarters
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1254:Fairey 2007
1163:12 December
1136:12 December
1110:12 December
1058:1 September
712:Quinte West
426:represents
156:Wayne Prins
129:Membership
77:Trade union
18:Trade union
1580:Categories
1336:24 January
1314:24 January
1240:8 February
1216:8 February
1027:24 October
777:References
708:Belleville
600:region of
1519:0822-6377
1511:Our Times
1486:148873168
1470:0700-3862
1456:: 55–79.
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1073:The Guide
782:Footnotes
664:Steinbach
644:Stratford
640:Cambridge
636:Brantford
386:rat union
359:Criticism
330:The Guide
299:open shop
252:(BC) and
238:The Guide
221:Formation
88:Cambridge
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1478:44820581
760:See also
753:retirees
739:Hamilton
694:Hamilton
672:Manitoba
632:Hamilton
524:Manitoba
315:Manitoba
112:, Canada
100:Location
94:, Canada
1491:16 June
1385:16 June
910:11 July
823:11 July
801:22 June
743:Ontario
698:Ontario
668:Winkler
616:Chatham
602:Ontario
598:Niagara
588:Alberta
565:Ontario
561:Chatham
541:Alberta
474:Alberta
460:Chatham
452:Windsor
442:Toronto
432:Ontario
311:Alberta
261:AFL–CIO
254:Ontario
216:History
199:) is a
171:Website
146:English
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92:Ontario
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818:"FAQs"
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642:, and
612:London
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1474:JSTOR
1429:S2CID
1379:(PDF)
719:Other
1515:ISSN
1493:2022
1466:ISSN
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1387:2022
1338:2013
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1242:2021
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1192:2012
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866:2011
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710:and
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191:The
176:clac
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