20:
119:
61:
85:
104:
69:
93:
77:
261:
For example, when the winner was announced for Ganter bridge, the seven design entries were put on display at a museum in Bern. The jury had considered many details including overall concept, performance, aesthetics, cost, and the method of construction. The report released by the jury praised Menn's
194:
But with the revolutionary new material — prestressed concrete — Menn saw that prestressing could actually replace the arch itself. The prestressed deck of his arch bridge could become the main supporting member without the arch. His
Felsenau Viaduct (1974) at Bern did exactly that — the roadway was
639:
Menn's numerous bridge structures, such as the Ganter Bridge and the
Sunniberg Bridge in Switzerland, or the Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge in Boston, USA, as well as many others, are renowned worldwide for their structural beauty, economic efficiency, technical innovation, and for simply being
249:
The important role of tourism in the Swiss economy had a strong influence on the types of bridges that were constructed. When choosing a bridge design, Swiss leaders prioritized the aesthetic characteristics of a bridge more highly than a country that is less tourism-driven. The need for visually
236:
Menn has stated that an engineer achieves safety and serviceability by understanding the underlying scientific principles, but that economy and elegance are achieved through non-scientific ideas. An engineer must also have aesthetic creativity. Menn describes his bridges with abstract theoretical
338:, as he completed his studies in Civil Engineering at ETH Zurich. That same year, Menn also asked Calatrava to provide sketches for a bridge on tall pylons to cross a deep valley, and these sketches by Calatrava in 1979 containing finback and extradosed solutions were finally published in 2004.
195:
carried solely by a curved hollow-box beam that has been prestressed. The effect is a structure of exceptional lightness that satisfies all three of Menn's main criteria for design: efficiency, economy, and aesthetics. It is the longest viaduct of the
353:" project in Boston. This highly-visible structure has become an iconic landmark in the Boston skyline, and helped launch Rosales' career as a bridge designer, carrying the older designer's philosophy into the next generation of structural designers.
319:
in
Switzerland, or the Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge in Boston, USA, as well as many others, are renowned worldwide for their structural beauty, economic efficiency, technical innovation, and for simply being structural engineering
237:
models which allow him to analyze bridges and find stresses and distribution of forces within the structure. Building on this framework, he is able to devise numerical calculations which can eventually be used in
38:. He continued the tradition of and had a decisive influence on Swiss bridge building. The technical and aesthetic possibilities of prestressed concrete were most fully realized with his bridges in Switzerland.
182:
and economy. Menn believed that economy, serviceability and safety of the bridge would revolve around aesthetics. His earliest bridges were relatively long-span deck-stiffened arches in the tradition of
271:
30:(March 3, 1927 – July 16, 2018) was a renowned Swiss civil engineer and bridge designer. He was involved in the construction of around 100 bridges worldwide, but the focus of his work was in eastern
209:
The
Felsenau is perhaps the most important bridge that I have designed. It is in the capital of my native country and the bridge is part of a major freeway that connects Bern to Geneva.
303:
215:
Later, with prestressing, Menn was able to design bridges that combined appropriately a prestressed cantilever girder bridge deck with a cable-stayed bridge form, introducing
622:
793:
512:
294:
346:
122:
162:, a well-known professor of structural engineering, and was awarded a PhD degree in 1956. He gained practical experience working for companies in
277:, and Swiss Code-Committee for Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures. Before retirement, he was a member of the ETH research committee.
270:
Christian Menn was a member of the Swiss
Society of Engineers and Architects (SIA), the Swiss Trade Group for Bridge and Building Engineering,
808:
158:) in 1950. From 1950 through 1953 he worked for construction engineering companies. Then, he returned to ETH Zurich to become assistant to
370:
19:
520:
231:
Structural
Analysis found itself at the time in the transition from descriptive graphical analysis to abstract analytical statics.
715:
813:
178:
Menn worked very closely with Pierre Lardy during the beginning of his career, emphasizing the design of structures based on
118:
398:
334:
In spring 1979, Menn supervised a thesis on a bridge over the Acleta gorge close to
Disentis in the Grisons by a young
803:
535:
798:
692:
482:
714:
Billingtion, David P. "The Art of
Structural Design a Swiss Legacy", 1st ed. Vol. 1. Princeton New Jersey:
593:
60:
46:
251:
653:
788:
783:
428:
724:
Bernstein, Fred. (2001). "Designer
Quashes A Boston Bridge Party", New York Times. Aug 9, 2001. F5.
274:
262:
design as “...well balanced and convincing. The scale of the design fits well into the landscape."
255:
188:
54:
203:
built with the cantilever method, a pioneer work in prestressed concrete design and construction.
159:
673:
335:
762:
751:
721:
Fynn, Larry. (1997). "An
Engineer and His Bridges" Roads & Bridges, Vol. 35, Issue 11, p41
564:
516:
238:
216:
200:
737:
727:
Menn, Christian. (1990). Prestressed Concrete Bridges. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland.
665:
316:
196:
107:
742:
184:
456:
342:
155:
139:
84:
103:
68:
777:
677:
669:
312:
250:
appealing bridges afforded bridge designer Menn with a great opportunity. His use of
220:
96:
35:
92:
45:
from 1957 to 1971. From 1971 until his retirement in 1992, he was a professor of
225:“Ganter bridge ... represents one of those rare events where a new form arises”.
31:
76:
53:, specializing in bridge design. In his retirement years, he continued to be a
767:
756:
746:
179:
147:
50:
135:
654:"The Impact of the Sunniberg Bridge on Structural Engineering, Switzerland"
111:
350:
511:, KunstfĂĽhrer durch die Schweiz, vol. 3 (1st ed.), Bern:
300:
287:
163:
117:
102:
91:
83:
75:
67:
59:
18:
623:"2009 International Award of Merit: Christian Menn, Switzerland"
581:
contains several Ganter Bridge images courtesy of Christian Menn
167:
42:
272:
International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering
536:"An engineer and his bridges: A profile of Dr. Christian Menn"
483:"The art of structural design, a Swiss legacy: Christian Menn"
80:
Mesocco bridges (1967), Moesa Region, Grisons, Switzerland
72:
Rhine Bridge Tamins (1962), Tamins, Domat/Ems, Switzerland
507:
Caviezel, Zita; Herzog, Georges; Keller, JĂĽrg A. (2006),
146:) in 1946, followed by structural engineering studies at
304:
International Award of Merit in Structural Engineering
64:
Crestawald bridge (1959), Grisons canton, Switzerland
170:
before starting his own consulting company in 1957.
187:. For example, his Crestawald Bridge (1959) was a
738:Christian Menn, Consulting Engineer, CH-7000 Chur
229:Menn's bridges had to be designed for the times:
513:Gesellschaft fĂĽr Schweizerische Kunstgeschichte
311:Menn’s numerous bridge structures, such as the
308:
258:decks gave his designs great aesthetic appeal.
205:
559:
557:
509:Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Bern, Solothurn
223:(1980). In the words of David P. Billington:
349:, completed in 2003, as part of the massive "
8:
617:
615:
393:
391:
347:Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge
123:Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge
88:Felsenau Viaduct (1974) in Bern, Switzerland
693:"Miguel Rosales: Building a better bridge"
371:"Famed bridge-builder Christian Menn dies"
794:People from Interlaken-Oberhasli District
295:Auszeichnungen fĂĽr gute Bauten GraubĂĽnden
41:Menn led his own engineering company in
23:ETH Library: Christian Menn (circa 1970)
16:Swiss civil engineer and bridge designer
362:
110:(1998), view from south abutment, near
652:Vogel, T.H.; Schellenberg, K. (2015).
640:structural engineering oeuvres of art.
399:"Prestressed Concrete: Christian Menn"
7:
658:Structural Engineering International
594:"Christian Menn - BrĂĽcken / Bridges"
429:"CURRICULUM VITAE OF CHRISTIAN MENN"
423:
421:
419:
142:, Menn graduated from high school (
199:and the world's first single-cell
14:
670:10.2749/101686615X14355644770811
600:. Scheidegger & Spiess. 2015
130:Education and practical training
716:Princeton University Art Museum
191:bridge with a two-hinged arch.
691:Murphy, Dan (April 11, 2012).
1:
99:(1980) in Valais, Switzerland
809:Academic staff of ETH Zurich
290:Outstanding Structure Award
150:. He received a diploma as
830:
266:Professional organizations
254:and the implementation of
341:Menn worked with a young
174:Bridge design philosophy
487:artmuseum.princeton.edu
34:, especially in canton
327:
219:as exemplified by his
213:
126:
115:
114:, Grisons, Switzerland
100:
89:
81:
73:
65:
47:structural engineering
24:
814:Swiss civil engineers
481:Billington, David P.
252:pre-stressed concrete
121:
106:
95:
87:
79:
71:
63:
57:in private practice.
22:
457:"Crestawald Bridge"
256:cable-stayed bridge
241:of the structures.
211:" -Christian Menn
189:reinforced concrete
125:(2003), Boston, USA
55:consulting engineer
569:highestbridges.com
336:Santiago Calatrava
144:Kantonsschule Chur
127:
116:
101:
90:
82:
74:
66:
25:
804:ETH Zurich alumni
697:Beacon Hill Times
436:christian-menn.ch
239:computer modeling
201:box girder bridge
821:
799:Bridge engineers
752:Sunniberg Bridge
718:, 2003. 164-201.
707:
706:
704:
703:
688:
682:
681:
649:
643:
642:
636:
634:
629:. September 2009
619:
610:
609:
607:
605:
590:
584:
583:
578:
576:
561:
552:
551:
549:
547:
532:
526:
525:
504:
498:
497:
495:
493:
478:
472:
471:
469:
467:
453:
447:
446:
444:
442:
433:
425:
414:
413:
411:
409:
395:
386:
385:
383:
382:
367:
317:Sunniberg Bridge
108:Sunniberg Bridge
829:
828:
824:
823:
822:
820:
819:
818:
774:
773:
734:
711:
710:
701:
699:
690:
689:
685:
651:
650:
646:
632:
630:
621:
620:
613:
603:
601:
592:
591:
587:
574:
572:
565:"Ganter Bridge"
563:
562:
555:
545:
543:
540:roadbridges.com
534:
533:
529:
523:
515:, p. 248,
506:
505:
501:
491:
489:
480:
479:
475:
465:
463:
455:
454:
450:
440:
438:
431:
427:
426:
417:
407:
405:
397:
396:
389:
380:
378:
369:
368:
364:
359:
332:
283:
268:
247:
185:Robert Maillart
176:
132:
17:
12:
11:
5:
827:
825:
817:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
776:
775:
772:
771:
760:
749:
743:Christian Menn
740:
733:
732:External links
730:
729:
728:
725:
722:
719:
709:
708:
683:
644:
611:
598:structurae.net
585:
553:
527:
521:
499:
473:
461:structurae.net
448:
415:
403:britannica.com
387:
361:
360:
358:
355:
343:Miguel Rosales
331:
328:
307:
306:
297:
291:
282:
279:
267:
264:
246:
243:
175:
172:
156:civil engineer
140:Canton of Bern
131:
128:
28:Christian Menn
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
826:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
781:
779:
770:
769:
764:
763:Ganter Bridge
761:
759:
758:
753:
750:
748:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
731:
726:
723:
720:
717:
713:
712:
698:
694:
687:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
648:
645:
641:
628:
624:
618:
616:
612:
599:
595:
589:
586:
582:
570:
566:
560:
558:
554:
541:
537:
531:
528:
524:
522:3-906131-97-1
518:
514:
510:
503:
500:
488:
484:
477:
474:
462:
458:
452:
449:
437:
430:
424:
422:
420:
416:
404:
400:
394:
392:
388:
376:
372:
366:
363:
356:
354:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
329:
326:
325:
321:
318:
314:
313:Ganter Bridge
305:
302:
298:
296:
292:
289:
285:
284:
280:
278:
276:
273:
265:
263:
259:
257:
253:
245:Swiss tourism
244:
242:
240:
234:
233:(Menn, 2002)
232:
227:
226:
222:
221:Ganter bridge
218:
212:
210:
204:
202:
198:
192:
190:
186:
181:
173:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
129:
124:
120:
113:
109:
105:
98:
97:Ganter Bridge
94:
86:
78:
70:
62:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
37:
33:
29:
21:
766:
755:
700:. Retrieved
696:
686:
661:
657:
647:
638:
631:. Retrieved
626:
602:. Retrieved
597:
588:
580:
573:. Retrieved
568:
544:. Retrieved
539:
530:
508:
502:
490:. Retrieved
486:
476:
464:. Retrieved
460:
451:
439:. Retrieved
435:
406:. Retrieved
402:
379:. Retrieved
377:. 2018-07-19
375:Swissinfo.ch
374:
365:
340:
333:
323:
310:
309:
269:
260:
248:
235:
230:
228:
224:
214:
208:
206:
193:
177:
160:Pierre Lardy
152:Bauingenieur
151:
143:
133:
40:
27:
26:
789:2018 deaths
784:1927 births
32:Switzerland
778:Categories
768:Structurae
757:Structurae
747:Structurae
702:2015-06-24
664:(4): 381.
381:2018-07-19
357:References
197:A1 highway
180:aesthetics
148:ETH Zurich
51:ETH Zurich
36:GraubĂĽnden
678:114012813
627:iabse.org
330:Influence
217:new forms
136:Meiringen
604:22 March
546:22 March
492:22 March
466:22 March
441:22 March
408:22 March
315:and the
134:Born in
112:Klosters
351:Big Dig
345:on the
324:of art.
322:oeuvres
275:(IABSE)
676:
633:22 May
575:22 May
571:. 2011
542:. 2000
519:
299:2009:
293:2001:
286:2001:
281:Awards
674:S2CID
432:(PDF)
301:IABSE
288:IABSE
164:Paris
635:2020
606:2022
577:2020
548:2022
517:ISBN
494:2022
468:2022
443:2022
410:2022
168:Bern
166:and
43:Chur
765:at
754:at
745:at
666:doi
49:at
780::
695:.
672:.
662:25
660:.
656:.
637:.
625:.
614:^
596:.
579:.
567:.
556:^
538:.
485:.
459:.
434:.
418:^
401:.
390:^
373:.
138:,
705:.
680:.
668::
608:.
550:.
496:.
470:.
445:.
412:.
384:.
207:"
154:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
