370:, which Augustus had signed after his election, he was obliged to persuade her to convert, which she refused. In March 1698, Augustus invited her to come to Danzig, where there was a large Protestant minority and where her father was to meet her. He promised her the freedom to remain a Protestant, bring with her a Protestant clergyman and practice her own faith, as long as the clergyman did not appear in public dressed in office and she did not visit Protestant churches in public. Augustus further guaranteed that their son would not convert by entrusting him to the care of his Protestant mother, Dowager Electress Anna Sophie. Christiane Eberhardine did not agree with the terms and refused to follow her father to Danzig and therefrom to Warsaw. On April 1698, her spouse and father signed a document in Warsaw, promising freedom of religion for her in Danzig and Thorn, though not publicly. Her father then returned with the document to Dresden and tried to convince her to come to Poland-Lithuania. Despite repeated attempts and demands from her husband and father, Christiane Eberhardine refused to go to Poland-Lithuania, and she never did during the entire reign of Augustus, nor was she ever crowned queen.
40:
358:, participated in the procession, driving the wagon of Apollo dressed as the goddess Aurora, while she participated in a minor role as one of the Vestal Virgins escorting the goddess Vesta. In 1696, Christiane Eberhardine gave birth to her only child, the heir to the throne, after the only pregnancy during her entire marriage.
405:; in 1697 she took over operation of the glass factory in Pretzsch, founded by Constantin Fremel. She enjoyed playing cards and billiards, which is noted to have amassed great debts by 1711. She founded an orangery and during the last year of her life she was in the midst of planning a Protestant convent for female nobles.
366:, and from the summer of 1697 until the coronation on 15 September 1697, Augustus tried to negotiate for her to come. However, Christiane Eberhardine refused to attend the coronation and to set foot in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth even though her father also united with Augustus in persuading her. According to the
361:
In 1697, Augustus converted to
Catholicism and was elected King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. Apparently, he had discussed neither his conversion nor his candidacy with her. His conversion caused a scandal in Saxony, and he was forced to guarantee the religious freedom of Saxony. According
408:
Queen-Grand
Duchess Christiane Eberhardine, as did her mother-in-law, enjoyed immense popularity in Saxony as a symbol of Protestant faith and protection against Catholic Poland-Lithuania, which the Protestants feared would enforce a counter-reformation. In this role, Protestant preachers liked to
373:
During his reign, Augustus travelled between the Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth and Saxony, and during his visits to Saxony, Christiane Eberhardine appeared at his side at official functions, such as when he returned to Saxony after his election in Dresden in August 1699, when they appeared at the
385:
in the summers, which was close to the residence of her mother-in-law, who also had the custody of her son, whom she often visited, as she and her mother-in-law was on friendly terms. She made trips to her relatives in
Bayreuth and the spa at Ems and regularly visited Dresden during the carnival
353:
Christiane
Eberhardine became electress when Augustus succeeded his brother as elector in 1694. In the carnival procession with which Augustus celebrated his elevation, and where the members of his court drove through Dresden dressed as gods and goddesses, the mistress of her husband,
386:
season and
Christmas. Christiane Eberhardine continued to participate in representational court life in Dresden whenever her presence was required, the biggest festivities being the state visit of the King of Denmark in 1709 and the wedding of her son in 1719.
362:
to the contemporary norms, Christiane
Eberhardine, now queen and grand duchess, was expected to follow him to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and support him by hosting his court as queen and grand duchess by his side and be crowned with him in
374:
theater. Often, however, they did not meet for years at a time, such as for example in 1700–1703 and 1714–1717, when he spent all his time in Poland-Lithuania. Augustus visited her at
Pretzsch every year he travelled to Dresden.
412:
Christiane
Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth died at the age of 55 and was buried on 6 September in the parish church of Pretzsch. Neither her husband nor her son were present at the funeral. In commemoration of her death,
536:, Leipzig 1987. Aufgeklärter Absolutismus und kirchlich-religiöse Toleranzpolitik bei August dem Starken, In: Sachsen und die Wettiner. Chancen und Realitäten (Sondernummer der Dresdner Hefte); Dresden 1990
409:
portray her as a miserable
Protestant martyr, isolated as a virtual prisoner in her lonely castle, a portrait even more accentuated after her son had been taken from Saxony and converted to Catholicism.
389:
In her voluntary exile she concentrated on cultural activities and took interest in the faith of orphaned children. At her court, she took many relatives as courtiers to educate them, among them
1088:
419:
311:, on 20 January 1693 at age 21. The marriage was purely political and highly unhappy. Augustus considered her boring, while she was shocked and hurt by his constant infidelity.
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by birth. She had five younger siblings, only two of whom survived infancy. She remained close to her relatives in Bayreuth and continued to visit them after her marriage.
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was born in Dresden. This was the only pregnancy in their entire 34-year-long marriage. He was brought up by his paternal grandmother,
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Christiane Eberhardine Prinzessin von Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Kurfürstin von Sachsen und Königin von Polen, Gemahlin August des Starken
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287:. She was named for her father, Christian, and her mother's father, Eberhard. As the daughter of the Margrave of
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Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660–1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press (2004)
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Queen Christiane Eberhardine lived separated from her spouse with her own court in Hartenfels Castle in
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322:. Because Christiane Eberhardine and her mother-in-law got on well, she visited her son frequently.
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Galerie der sächsischen Fürstinnen; biogr. Skizzen sämtlicher Ahnfrauen des kgl. Hauses Sachsen
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487:. Ed. Susan Manning and Peter France. Lewisburg, Pa.: Bucknell UP, 2006. 119–25. Print.
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to become king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania, but she remained faithful to her
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Watanabe-O'Kelly, Helen. "Enlightenment, Emancipation, and the Queen Consort."
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did she set foot in Poland-Lithuania, instead living in Saxony in self-imposed
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who married the Prince of Ostfriesland. She was also active in the field of
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of Lithuania. Her Protestant countrymen named her "The Pillar of Saxony."
246:. Despite the allegiance of Christiane Eberhardine and her mother-in-law,
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Kurfürstin Christiane Eberhardine von Sachsen: eine ev. Bekennerin
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Prinzessinnen. Glanz, Einsamkeit und Skandale am sächsischen Hof
1337:
1070:
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520:
Christiane Eberhardine und August der Starke: eine Ehetragödie
258:, both became Catholics, ensuring Catholic succession in the
1510:
Margravine Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
1486:
Margravine Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
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222:. Not once throughout the whole of her thirty-year
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1534:Countess Palatine Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
314:Three years later, on 17 October 1696, their son
277:Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
178:Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
513:Frauengestalten und Frauenwalten im Hause Wettin
198:(19 December 1671 – 4 September 1727) was
558:Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
1309:Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
1046:Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
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393:, who married the Russian heir to the throne,
325:Christiane Eberhardine's husband converted to
196:Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
33:Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
1349:
1082:
673:
333:beliefs and was not present at her husband's
8:
1304:Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien
1041:Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien
579:Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien
427:, first performed on 15 October 1727 in the
420:Laß, Fürstin, laß noch einen Strahl, BWV 198
397:who married the Crown Prince of Denmark and
1502:Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach
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242:subjects for her refusal to convert to
529:, in: Sächs. Heimat, Hamburg, Jg. 1981
527:Eine alte Unterschrift von zarter Hand
307:, the younger brother of the elector,
238:, "Saxony's pillar of prayer", by her
7:
1518:Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria
1478:Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia
61:15 September 1697 – 1 September 1706
633:Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach
621:Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania
590:Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania
349:Queen, Grand Duchess and Electress
305:Frederick Augustus, Duke of Saxony
52:Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania
25:
18:Christiane Eberhardine of Bayreuth
285:Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg
218:from 1697 to 1727 by marriage to
69:9 October 1709 – 4 September 1727
1526:Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria
534:August der Starke und Kursachsen
381:in winters and in her castle at
279:, and his second wife, Princess
132:St. Nicholas Evangelical Church,
84:27 April 1694 – 4 September 1727
1494:Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark
1406:Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg
275:She was the firstborn child of
206:from 1694 to 1727 (her death),
1573:Electoral Princesses of Saxony
485:Enlightenment and Emancipation
216:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
1454:Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt-Dessau
254:, her husband and son, later
1578:Grand duchesses of Lithuania
356:Maria Aurora von Königsmarck
262:after a century and a half.
1422:Elisabeth of Bavaria-Munich
1098:Royal consorts of Lithuania
873:Elizabeth Richeza of Poland
640:Electress consort of Saxony
281:Sophie Luise of Württemberg
188:Sophie Luise of Württemberg
75:Electress consort of Saxony
1639:
1618:Mothers of Polish monarchs
1470:Princess Hedwig of Denmark
425:Johann Christoph Gottsched
1623:Mothers of Saxon monarchs
1371:
1289:Cecilia Renata of Austria
1026:Cecilia Renata of Austria
646:
637:
629:
614:
606:
596:
583:
575:
570:
556:
391:Charlotte of Braunschweig
37:
1593:Queens consort of Poland
1446:Princess Anna of Denmark
1319:Maria Josepha of Austria
1138:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1056:Maria Josepha of Austria
730:Maria Dobroniega of Kiev
689:Royal consorts of Poland
650:Maria Josepha of Austria
546:Böttcher, Hans-Joachim:
337:, and was never crowned
850:Margaret of Brandenburg
780:Viacheslava of Novgorod
617:Queen consort of Poland
586:Queen consort of Poland
48:Queen consort of Poland
27:Queen consort of Poland
1608:Augustus II the Strong
840:Matilda of Brandenburg
725:Richeza of Lotharingia
504:Blanckmeister, Franz:
497:Stichart, Franz Otto:
320:Anna Sophie of Denmark
248:Anna Sophie of Denmark
220:Augustus II the Strong
156:Augustus III of Poland
1613:Daughters of monarchs
1598:Electresses of Saxony
1583:House of Hohenzollern
1462:Sophie of Brandenburg
1399:Euphemia of Oleśnica
1365:Electresses of Saxony
563:House of Hohenzollern
433:University of Leipzig
417:composed the cantata
415:Johann Sebastian Bach
212:Grand Duchess Consort
144:Augustus II of Poland
1588:People from Bayreuth
1294:Marie Louise Gonzaga
1284:Constance of Austria
1238:Catherine of Austria
1228:Elizabeth of Austria
1208:Elizabeth of Austria
1106:Kingdom of Lithuania
1031:Marie Louise Gonzaga
1021:Constance of Austria
993:Catherine of Austria
983:Elizabeth of Austria
963:Elizabeth of Austria
940:Jagiellonian dynasty
705:Doubravka of Bohemia
431:, the church of the
383:Pretzsch an der Elbe
289:Brandenburg-Bayreuth
134:Pretzsch an der Elbe
122:Pretzsch an der Elbe
1414:Margaret of Austria
1393:Barbara of Legnica
1381:Cecilia of Carrara
1375:Elisabeth of Hesse
1314:Catherine Opalińska
1299:Eleonore of Austria
1147:House of Gediminids
1051:Catherine Opalińska
1036:Eleonore of Austria
953:Elizabeth Granowska
930:Elizabeth of Bosnia
922:Capet-Anjou dynasty
902:Aldona of Lithuania
805:Grzymisława of Łuck
710:Oda of Haldensleben
610:Katarzyna Opalińska
600:Katarzyna Opalińska
299:Marriage and issues
1387:Anna of Thuringia
1274:Louise of Lorraine
1199:House of Jagiellon
1115:House of Mindaugas
1011:Louise of Lorraine
958:Sophia of Halshany
868:Judith of Habsburg
775:Agnes of Babenberg
735:Wyszesława of Kiev
539:Fellmann, Walter:
525:Lauckner, Martin:
316:Frederick Augustus
1545:
1544:
1430:Sibylle of Cleves
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1252:Polish–Lithuanian
1246:
1245:
1233:Barbara Radziwiłł
1171:Jadwiga of Poland
1132:
1131:
1064:
1063:
1003:Elective monarchy
988:Barbara Radziwiłł
907:Adelaide of Hesse
897:Jadwiga of Kalisz
860:Přemyslid dynasty
845:Richeza of Sweden
835:Gryfina of Halych
820:Hedwig of Silesia
740:Judith of Bohemia
656:
655:
647:Succeeded by
597:Succeeded by
511:Meyer, Johannes:
236:Sachsens Betsäule
234:, she was called
193:
192:
16:(Redirected from
1630:
1603:Albertine branch
1568:German Lutherans
1358:
1351:
1344:
1335:
1261:
1213:Helena of Moscow
1186:Uliana Olshanska
1161:Maria of Vitebsk
1143:
1111:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1068:
968:Helena of Moscow
878:Viola of Teschen
795:Helena of Znojmo
750:Zbyslava of Kiev
745:Judith of Swabia
682:
675:
668:
659:
630:Preceded by
607:Preceded by
576:Preceded by
554:
471:
468:
395:Sophie Magdalene
230:. Born a German
118:
115:4 September 1727
103:19 December 1671
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100:
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30:
21:
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1279:Anne of Austria
1254:
1242:
1218:Barbara Zápolya
1193:
1128:
1100:
1095:
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1060:
1016:Anne of Austria
997:
973:Barbara Zápolya
934:
916:
912:Hedwig of Sagan
882:
854:
830:Kinga of Poland
825:Anne of Bohemia
790:Eudoxia of Kiev
766:
759:
755:Salomea of Berg
691:
686:
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550:, Dresden 2011.
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492:Further reading
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399:Sophie Caroline
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260:Albertine lands
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515:, Bautzen 1912
509:
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501:, Leipzig 1857
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429:Paulinerkirche
368:Pacta Conventa
350:
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341:of Poland and
309:John George IV
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283:, daughter of
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1196:
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1022:
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1009:
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989:
986:
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979:
976:
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969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
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949:
948:Anna of Cilli
946:
945:
943:
941:
937:
931:
928:
927:
925:
923:
919:
913:
910:
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905:
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895:
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890:
889:Piast dynasty
885:
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869:
866:
865:
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861:
857:
851:
848:
846:
843:
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831:
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818:
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815:Agafia of Rus
813:
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791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
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765:Fragmentation
762:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
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738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
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708:
706:
703:
702:
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697:Piast dynasty
694:
690:
683:
678:
676:
671:
669:
664:
663:
660:
651:
642:
641:
634:
628:
623:
622:
618:
611:
605:
601:
592:
591:
587:
580:
574:
571:Royal titles
569:
565:
564:
555:
549:
545:
542:
538:
535:
531:
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518:Haake, Paul:
517:
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508:, Barmen 1892
507:
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387:
384:
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371:
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365:
359:
357:
348:
346:
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343:grand duchess
340:
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208:Queen Consort
205:
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95:
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87:
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72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
53:
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41:
36:
31:
19:
1536:
1528:
1520:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1496:
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1472:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1308:
1256:Commonwealth
1190:Anna of Tver
1045:
638:
615:
584:
561:
547:
540:
533:
532:Czok, Karl:
526:
519:
512:
505:
498:
484:
418:
411:
407:
388:
376:
372:
360:
352:
324:
313:
303:She married
302:
274:
256:Augustus III
235:
195:
194:
168:Hohenzollern
117:(1727-09-04)
1563:1727 deaths
1558:1671 births
1537:(1769–1806)
1521:(1733–1757)
1513:(1694–1727)
1505:(1694–1694)
1497:(1680–1691)
1489:(1656–1680)
1481:(1611–1656)
1473:(1602–1611)
1465:(1586–1591)
1449:(1553–1585)
1441:(1547–1553)
1433:(1532–1547)
1425:(1464–1486)
1417:(1431–1464)
1409:(1423–1428)
1401:(1420–1422)
1395:(1396–1419)
1389:(1388–1395)
1383:(1376–1388)
1377:(1356–1370)
1267:(1569–1795)
1223:Bona Sforza
1201:(1440–1569)
1149:(1285–1440)
1117:(1236–1263)
978:Bona Sforza
327:Catholicism
252:Lutheranism
244:Catholicism
1552:Categories
644:1694–1727
625:1709–1727
594:1697–1706
439:References
335:coronation
331:Protestant
293:margravine
291:, she was
271:Early life
240:Protestant
232:margravine
99:1671-12-19
887:Restored
403:economics
266:Biography
224:queenship
200:Electress
106:Bayreuth
1265:Elected
810:Ludmila
715:Emnilda
478:Sources
214:of the
1529:(1763)
1457:(1586)
1176:Birutė
767:period
379:Torgau
364:Kraków
204:Saxony
184:Mother
174:Father
140:Spouse
128:Burial
81:Tenure
66:Tenure
58:Tenure
1156:Jaunė
1124:Morta
785:Maria
339:queen
250:, to
228:exile
163:House
151:Issue
1181:Anna
210:and
112:Died
93:Born
202:of
1554::
447:^
435:.
1357:e
1350:t
1343:v
1090:e
1083:t
1076:v
681:e
674:t
667:v
101:)
97:(
20:)
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