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compass jellyfish. It is usually colored yellowish white, with some brown. Its 24 tentacles are arranged in eight groups of three. Each tentacle has stinging cells for capturing prey and defense from predators. A sense organ is located between each group of tentacles, which can perceive changes in light and helps the jellyfish determine and maintain its position in the water column. It has 4 oral arms that can be distinguished from the tentacles because the arms are noticeably longer and have a folded, frilly appearance. These arms are used to facilitate transfer of captured prey from the tentacles to the mouth which is between the oral arms at the center of the underside of the bell.
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share common dietary preferences. Competition for food resources can result in depleted fish populations. Overpopulation of jellyfish is a concern to humans for many reasons. Jellyfish stings are painful and sometimes deadly to humans. Fishing nets can be overwhelmed with jellyfish bycatch or torn by jellyfish caught in the nets. Jellyfish can clog water inlets to power plants, causing serious problems for power production. Jellyfish can invade aquaculture cages, ruining the production of the organism being farmed.
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As an adult, the bell of the compass jellyfish typically has a diameter of 15–25 cm (5.9–9.8 in). It usually has 16 brown elongated V-shaped markings on the translucent yellow-white bell. The markings surround a central brown spot and resemble the face of a compass, hence the common name
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Thriving jellyfish populations have been found to take over as top predators in areas where fin fish have been over-exploited. Increased abundance of jellyfish negatively impacts fish populations in the same region because jellyfish feed on fish eggs and larvae. Jellyfish and larval fish can also
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Sparks, Conrad; Buecher, Emmanuelle; Brierley, Andrew S.; Axelsen, Bjørn E.; Boyer, Helen; Gibbons, Mark J. (2001). "Observations on the distribution and relative abundance of the scyphomedusan
Chrysaora hysoscella (Linné, 1766) and the hydrozoan Aequorea aequorea (Forskål, 1775) in the northern
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Seas. They inhabit these waters mostly at the top of the water column, and although they inhabit shallow water, they move up and down in the water column often ranging from surface waters to just above the seabed. They are rarely found deeper than 30 m from the surface.
40:. These are now attributed to other species, as described in first part of lead. This means that all info based on citations using studies in e.g. Namibia and South Africa needs to be moved or at least rewritten to reflect that it is about other, close relatives.
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are more enriched in carbon and protein content then any other part of the body, making this region the ideal location to settle and feed. They have also been found on the oral arms of the jellyfish where they can eat prey caught by the medusae.
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453:. They stun and capture their prey with stinging cells on their tentacles. The oral arms facilitate movement of captured prey into the oral opening. Compass jellyfish have very few predators. They are known to be consumed by the
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contribute to the global issue of jellyfish overpopulation which is concerning to humans for various reasons including recreational interference, economic turmoil for fishing communities, and depleted fish resources.
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528:. Males release sperm from their mouths into the water column. Females fertilize the sperm internally and can fertilize sperm from multiple male partners. The larvae released from the female settle as
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Piraino, S.; DeVito, D.; Shmich, J.; Bouillon, J.; Boero, F. (2006). "Evidence of reverse development in
Leptomedusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): the case of Laodicea undulata (Forbes and Goodsir 1851)".
715:"Multigene phylogeny of the scyphozoan jellyfish family Pelagiidae reveals that the common U.S. Atlantic sea nettle comprises two distinct species (Chrysaora quinquecirrha and C. chesapeakei)"
853:"Biometry and size distribution of Chrysaora hysoscella (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) and Aequorea aequorea (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) off Namibia with some notes on their parasite Hyperia medusaru"
1131:"Effects of low salinity on settlement and strobilation of Schyphozoa (Cnidaria): Is the lion's mane Cyanea capillata (L.) able to reproduce in the brackish Baltic Sea"
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369:
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Holst, S; Jarms, G (2007). "Substrate choice and settlement preferences of planula larvae of five scyphozoa (Cnidaria) from German Bight, North Sea".
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populations are increasing with the warming climate and warmer ocean temperatures. Studies suggest that warmer winter temperatures allow for a longer
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Flynn, B.A.; Gibbons, M.J. (2007). "A note on the diet and feeding of
Chrysaora hysoscella in Walvis Bay Lagoon, Namibia, during September 2003".
279:. In the past it was also recorded in the southeastern Atlantic, including South Africa, but this was caused by confusion with close relatives;
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Morandini, André; Marques, Antonio (2010). "Revision of the genus
Chrysaora Péron & Lesueur, 1810 (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)".
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1022:; Doyle, Thomas K.; Houghton, Jonathan D. R.; Lilley, Martin K. S.; Metcalfe, Julian D.; Righton, David (27 January 2008).
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function as a male upon maturity and then develop female gametes, meaning this organism is protandrously hermaphroditic.
979:; Davenport, J (2007). "The broad-scale distribution of five jellyfish species across a temperate coastal environment".
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found inshore and closer to the surface are more likely to have the parasite. The parasite can be found inside of the
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Towards an unravelling of the taxonomy of
Chrysaora (Scyphozoa; Semaeostomeae; Pelagiidae) from around South Africa
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36:. The reason given is: much of it relies on outdated taxonomy where southeast Atlantic records were attributed to
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form. Females release planular larvae which swim to find a suitable place to settle. The planulae attach to a
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are capable of releasing ephyrae over time and therefore are not limited to a single reproductive event.
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that inhabits coastal waters in temperate regions of the northeastern
Atlantic Ocean, including the
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The compass jellyfish is found in coastal waters of the northeast
Atlantic, including the
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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will be more successful in warmer temperatures but not in extreme temperatures.
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539:. Ephyrae are the earliest form of the medusa stage. Research indicates that
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are predicted to migrate further northwards to maintain ideal conditions.
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that reproduce asexually. The polyps release multiple ephyrae through
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with distinct brown markings shaped like elongated V's on its bell.
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Beucher, E; Sparks, C; Brierley, A; Boyer, H; Gibbons, M (2001).
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throughout development. Mature individuals reproduce sexually by
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Gaffney, Patrick M.; Collins, Allen G.; Bayha, Keith M. (2017).
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1024:"Diving behaviour of jellyfish equipped with electronic tags"
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A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape
Peninsula.
792:"Why are Cape Town's beaches being covered in jellyfish?"
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period and subsequently higher ephyra production per
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Jellyfish Blooms: Ecological and
Societal Importance
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333:and plankton and are preyed on by very few.
835:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
481:as the organism develops and experiences a
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1073:. Springer Netherlands. pp. 275–286.
933:"Jellyfish blooms creating ocean of slime"
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392:Chrysaora hysoscella at Ozeaneum Stralsund
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329:. Compass jellyfish consume a variety of
829:"Chrysaora hysoscella Compass jellyfish"
790:Lewis, K.; Bowen, D. (6 December 2018).
497:which releases immature medusae through
433:organisms including but not limited to:
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581:if there is space for them there. The
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577:but tends to move from umbrella to
302:It is a true jellyfish displaying
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893:African Journal of Marine Science
827:Dawson, Kailyn; Giordano, Cara.
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321:stage before developing into a
778:University of the Western Cape
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905:10.2989/AJMS.2007.29.2.15.197
381:(compass jellyfish) from the
1079:10.1007/978-94-010-0722-1_22
1028:Journal of Plankton Research
857:Journal of Plankton Research
658:: Alison Hodge. p. 56.
295:tentatively referred to as "
225:Péron & Lesueur, 1810
1562:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1129:Holst, S; Jarms, G (2012).
652:Exploring the Cornish Coast
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964:. Encyclopedia Britannica.
241:Péron & Lesueur, 1810
233:Péron & Lesueur, 1810
217:Péron & Lesueur, 1810
1557:Animals described in 1766
1221:10.1007/s00227-005-0182-3
1181:10.1007/s00227-006-0530-y
1147:10.1007/s10750-010-0214-y
993:10.1007/s10750-006-0362-2
870:10.1093/plankt/23.10.1073
700:10.11646/zootaxa.2464.1.1
590:Effects of global warming
561:are often parasitised by
267:, is a common species of
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32:This article needs to be
605:, higher percentages of
520:utilize both sexual and
1105:SURG, Cape Town, 2008.
650:David Chapman (2008).
455:leatherback sea turtle
421:Compass jellyfish are
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238:Chrysaora mediterranea
1249:on Sealife Collection
1069:Benguela ecosystem".
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417:Feeding and predation
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1324:chrysaora-hysoscella
1311:Chrysaora_hysoscella
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833:Animal Diversity Web
772:Ras, Verena (2017),
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518:Chrysaora hysoscella
507:Chrysaora hysoscella
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360:Chrysaora hysoscella
331:marine invertebrates
260:Chrysaora hysoscella
214:Chrysaora aspilonota
188:Chrysaora hysoscella
38:Chrysaora hysoscella
16:Species of jellyfish
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293:undescribed species
222:Chrysaora cyclonota
732:10.7717/peerj.3863
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1101:Jones, Georgina.
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563:Hyperia medusarum
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1501:SeaLifeBase
1397:iNaturalist
1291:Wikispecies
958:"Chrysaora"
571:body cavity
471:Scyphozoans
469:Like other
447:larval fish
282:C. africana
1546:Categories
1245:Photos of
962:Britannica
637:References
465:Life cycle
443:crustacean
423:carnivores
288:C. fulgida
146:Pelagiidae
1552:Chrysaora
1141:: 53–68.
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595:Scyphozoa
550:Parasite
485:and then
342:Body plan
273:North Sea
269:jellyfish
164:Species:
157:Chrysaora
126:Scyphozoa
102:Kingdom:
96:Eukaryota
48:June 2019
1415:10907833
1282:Q2440379
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477:undergo
439:copepods
205:Synonyms
196:Linnaeus
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116:Cnidaria
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106:Animalia
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1493:3680251
1454:1105129
1389:5185425
977:Hays, G
801:15 June
750:5642265
688:Zootaxa
530:benthic
501:called
491:benthic
431:pelagic
427:benthic
351:Habitat
327:medusae
323:pelagic
316:benthic
291:and an
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487:medusa
449:, and
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398:Celtic
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909:S2CID
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614:polyp
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319:polyp
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1107:ISBN
1083:ISBN
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737:ISSN
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