532:
disadvantage since vehicles cannot come up to 30R; they have even tried using horses to enter the area. The
Chinese have tried constructing a road across 30R, including in 2014 when they claimed they had orders to build a road till Tible, but they have been stopped from doing so by India. During the 2014 standoff here, Chinese troops had also positioned themselves on 30R, and had even heavy machinery with them for road construction. Chinese troops have also been reported to have removed Indian surveillance cameras from the area. The 2014 faceoff at Chumar, which started on 10 September, started days before the Chinese leader Xi Jinping visited India and continued even as he was in India. Indian media quoting army source said that nearly 1000 Chinese soldiers had entered Indian territory in the Chumur sector on the day Xi was in India.
342:
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521:, "In Chumar, China probably wants a straight border from PT (point) 4925 to PT 5318 to bring the Tible-Mane area under its control", in essence removing the bulge along the LAC at Chumar. The Chinese opened up this new front of the border dispute in Chumar in 2012, prior to that, the border here was the International Border and not the Line of Actual Control.
102:
69:
420:). There is also a historic gompa (Buddhist temple) near the village and a Chumur monastery further upstream. Along the course of Pare Chu and its tributary streams are numerous pastures and campgrounds utilised by the pastoral nomads of Rupshu. Some of them close to Pare Chu are listed as Sarlale, Takdible, Nirale, Tible, Lemarle and Chepzile.
464:
By the time of Indian independence in 1947, the
Indians appear to have conceded part of the valley of Chepzilung to the Tibetans. When independent India defined its boundaries in 1954, it also withdrew from the Panglung river east of Chepzi, and set the watershed ridge as the boundary. On the Pare
472:
The people of Chumar claim to have continued to use the farmland and grazing grounds at Chepzi until the recent past. They say that their access to these lands has been blocked by the People's
Liberation Army in recent years. The local nobility family of Rupshu continues to own the farmland and a
531:
A road from Chumar leads up to the LAC. Along this road near the LAC, there is an Indian post at Point 30R, or known simply as 30R. 30R gets its name from being at a sharp elevation of 30 metres as compared to its surroundings. PLA patrols often come up to 30R. However they are at a tactical
715:
Stobdan and sources in the Indian Army agree that they are a little taken aback by the
Chinese opening up a "front" in Chumar that was undisputed till about two years back. The frontier along Tible-Mane, near Jammu and Kashmir's inter-state border with Himachal Pradesh, is recognised as the
468:
The combined effect of these decisions gave the appearance of a "bulge" in Indian territory near the Pare Chu river. The Indian government justified it on the grounds that the Ladakh's inhabitants had traditionally used the grazing lands along Pare Chu right up to Chepzi.
427:
which boasts some farmlands. Two tributaries join Pare Chu near the hamlet: the
Kyumsalung Panglung (or simply Panglung) stream from the east, and the Chepzilung (or simply Chepzi) stream from the west. The Chepzilung originates below the
465:
Chu river itself, the Indian-defined border is five miles south of Chumar, which is approximately two miles north of Chepzi. This allows the
Tibetan graziers unrestricted access to both the tributary rivers of Pare Chu at Chepzi.
637:) is a Chinese name of the peak. On Tibetan maps, the name is written as "Seru'Ur Ri" or "Zeru'Uri". British Indian maps do not give it a name but mark it as a peak of 21,030 feet (6,410 m) elevation.
473:
palace at Chepzi. The Indian Army has said that the Chepzi grazing grounds were "beyond the Indian borders." But the locals are adamant that the Army does not understand their traditional grazing systems.
514:, it had long been an area of discomfort for the Chinese troops as, until 2014, Chumar had been one of the relatively few places along the Sino-Indian border where the Chinese had no roads near the LAC.
3024:
481:
In the 1960 boundary talks with India, China claimed a boundary north of the Indian claim line. However it was still south of the general ridge line running across the Pare Chu valley.
1254:
951:
731:
1787:
734:, The Economic Times, 22 September 2014. "In 2012, the PLA dropped some of its soldiers in this region and dismantled the makeshift storage tents of the Army and ITBP."
922:
https://thefederal.com/the-eighth-column/a-ladakhi-royal-family-fighting-chinese-land-grab-since-1980s/ A Ladakhi royal family fighting
Chinese land grab since 1980s
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321:), close to Ladakh's border with Tibet. Since 2012, China has disputed the border in this area, though the Chumur village itself is undisputed.
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685:, p. 278: "A village in the Rupshu district, on the left bank of the Para river, which here turns south and eventually joins the Sutlej."
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have always been using the pastures lying south of Chumar up to the
Chepzelung and Kumsanglung streams on either side of the Pare River."
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444:, these two tributaries were border rivers of Ladakh. The notes to the map he provided state that the subjects of Jammu and Kashmir
528:, the Indian side agreed to take down some bunkers in Chumar in return for the Chinese withdrawing from the Depsang standoff area.
130:
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By 2012, China was claiming a boundary further north, representing a "bulge" of its own territory, as shown in the United States
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The Chumar settlement itself is in a side valley of Pare Chu, on the bank of a stream, called Chumur Tokpo that flows down from
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their cattle in the pasturelands up to the boundary, while the subjects of Tibet did likewise on their side. (Map 2)
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966:, p. 5: "It then runs westwards and crosses the Pare River at its junction with a small stream (approximately
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Report of the
Officials of the Governments of India and the People's Republic of China on the Boundary Question
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823:: "Thereafter turns westward and crosses the Pare river about five miles south of Chumar to reach Gya Peak (
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1996:
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510:(LAC) in terms of interactions between Chinese and Indian troops. Located 190 km northwest of
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1006:) to reach the tri-junction of China's Ari district and India's Punjab and Ladakh (approximately
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Modi govt's infra push along China border — 2 new roads, alternate route to Daulat Beg Oldie
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2011:
2001:
1991:
1945:
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1735:
1221:"India-China Border Standoff: High in the Mountains, Thousands of Troops Go Toe-to-Toe"
595:
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river, close to Ladakh's border with Tibet. The Pare Chu river originates in India's
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1965:
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In 2020, construction of a new ~150 km long road linking Chumar in Ladakh to
1454:
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301:) is a village and the centre of nomadic grazing region located in south-eastern
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1496:"Chinese Army has occupied 640 square km in three Ladakh sectors, says report"
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820:
796:
553:
549:
310:
1232:
1058:"The fallout of China's Depsang plains transgression - Rediff.com India News"
1025:
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399:
385:
369:. After about 80 miles, Pare Chu reenters Himachal Pradesh again to join the
145:
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1195:"Explained: Six years ago, how a standoff in Ladakh ended after discussion"
811:, EarthWorks, Stanford University, retrieved and annotated 11 October 2020.
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1970:
1909:
952:
Locals in Ladakh demand restoration of mobile services to ease war fear
716:"International Boundary" and not as the "Line of Actual Control (LAC)".
445:
333:
Map 1: Tibet–Ladakh border near Chumar during the
British Raj (map by
17:
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1935:
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673:, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, 2017. Accessed on 12 October 2020.
628:
501:
424:
306:
302:
185:
1456:
Ploughshares of Gods, Ladakh: Land, agriculture, and folk traditions
749:, Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing, 1890, p. 654
1140:"Indo-China stand-off worsens: Chinese pitch seven tents in Chumar"
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Large Scale International Boundaries (LSIB), Europe and Asia, 2012
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Map 3: Chinese and Indian claim lines in the Chumar Sector in 2012
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209:
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1083:"China defends its latest incursion into Ladakh's Chumar sector"
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3142:
2387:
1930:
1603:
875:, p. 12: "Similarly, the inhabitants of Hanle and Rupshu
682:
759:
650:(AMS), which is based on the Survey of India maps from 1945.
436:(Himachal Pradesh) and Tibet. According to the map drawn by
1445:
The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories: A Geographical Account
1479:, London: William Clows and Sons – via archive.org
732:
Chinese pitch seven tents in Chumar; stand off continues
1426:, Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing, 1890
1543:
about the 2014 Chumar confrontation from Sina Military
964:
Report of the Officials, Chinese Report, Part 1 (1962)
3025:
Students' Educational and Cultural Movement of Ladakh
1437:, London: Wm. H. Allen and Co – via archive.org
873:
Report of the Officials, Indian Report, Part 2 (1962)
821:
Report of the Officials, Indian Report, Part 1 (1962)
797:
Report of the Officials, Indian Report, Part 2 (1962)
440:, who worked as a geologist in the administration of
506:
Chumar has been one of the most active areas on the
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1255:"China, India in border skirmish ahead of Xi visit"
891:"Uneasy frontier robs Ladakh's herders of pastures"
255:
241:
236:
228:
220:
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191:
179:
161:
34:
1788:Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil
909:How China Is Quietly Moving its Borders into India
693:
691:
1326:India, Ministry of External Affairs, ed. (1962),
1720:2019 Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh reorganisation
1793:Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh
785:Drew, The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories (1875)
3113:
1562:
8:
3010:Eliezer Joldan Memorial College Leh, Ladakh
3000:Defence Institute of High Altitude Research
1516:"Chinese troops enter Ladakh every 14 days"
1285:"Nearly 1,000 Chinese soldiers enter India"
1106:"Face-off on border on eve of Modi-Xi date"
700:"Face-off on border on eve of Modi-Xi date"
3172:
3120:
3106:
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3046:
2942:
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2576:
2490:
1832:
1803:Ladakh Renewable Energy Development Agency
1648:
1569:
1555:
1547:
935:"Chabiji area beyond Indian borders: Army"
726:
724:
31:
1434:Ladak: Physical, Statistical, Historical
1167:"Making sense of the Depsang incursion"
663:
612:
540:Chumar is connected by arable roads to
423:Chepzile is near a small hamlet called
254:
235:
227:
214:
160:
125:
53:
1219:Fairclough, Gordon (30 October 2014).
775:, The Himalayan Journal, Vol. 55, 199.
2995:Central Institute of Buddhist Studies
2856:Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport (Leh)
1448:, E. Stanford – via archive.org
1188:
1186:
1184:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
683:Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak (1890)
586:List of disputed territories of India
240:
219:
202:
190:
178:
7:
1514:Tiwary, Deeptiman (8 January 2014).
1253:Gupta, Shishir (16 September 2014).
432:, a key point on the border between
1684:Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir
1476:Physical Geography of Western Tibet
1085:. Indian Express. PTI. 10 July 2013
1056:Kondapalli, Srikanth (6 May 2013).
760:Koshal, Ploughshares of Gods (2001)
1705:1948 military operations in Ladakh
1104:Datta, Sujan (17 September 2014).
954:, The Economic Times, 5 June 2020.
698:Datta, Sujan (17 September 2014).
25:
3015:Government Degree College, Kargil
524:As part of the resolution to the
1577:
548:nearly 100 km in the east,
544:nearly 50 km in the north,
166:
100:
93:
67:
60:
2953:Indian Astronomical Observatory
2892:NH1 Leh–Kargil–Srinagar Highway
1818:Ladakh (Lok Sabha constituency)
1312:, The Print, 15 September 2020.
1193:Singh, Sushant (16 June 2020).
889:Ashiq, Peerzada (2 June 2020).
353:Chumar is along the course of
1843:Four types of Himalayan ranges
1431:Cunningham, Alexander (1854),
1423:Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak
746:Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak
633:
502:Chepzi § Border incidents
488:'s boundary datasets. (Map 3)
101:
68:
1:
2589:Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary
1037:China's declared border point
997:China's declared border point
854:India's declared border point
232:5,100 m (16,700 ft)
2599:Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary
1808:Jammu and Kashmir High Court
1700:1947–1948 India-Pakistan War
771:A. K. Singh, Yousuf Zaheer,
3067:Actual Ground Position Line
1332:, Government of India Press
1165:Joshi, Manoj (7 May 2013).
924:, The Federal, 3 July 2020.
911:, VICE News, 3 August 2020.
773:The Continuing Story of Gya
3905:
560:nearly 225 km north.
498:Sino-Indian border dispute
495:
492:Sino-Indian border dispute
452:Indian boundary definition
2964:and hydroelectric project
1664:Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh
1593:
1453:Koshal, Sanyukta (2001),
624:
552:nearly 60 km north,
345:Map 2: Kashmir geologist
313:lake, on the bank of the
290:
272:
126:
81:Location in Ladakh, India
54:
47:
3884:Villages in Nyoma tehsil
2882:India-China Border Roads
1473:Strachey, Henry (1854),
1146:. PTI. 22 September 2014
486:Office of the Geographer
38:
29:Village in Ladakh, India
3020:Phuktal Monastic School
3005:Druk White Lotus School
2897:Nimmu–Padum–Darcha road
1848:Geology of the Himalaya
1746:India–Pakistan conflict
1669:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war
1442:Drew, Frederic (1875),
363:Tsosib Sumkyil Township
3057:Line of Actual Control
2717:Mashro/Matho Monastery
1693:Post-Independent India
646:See the map by the US
591:Line of Actual Control
508:Line of Actual Control
461:
350:
338:
3145:(Municipal Committee)
3083:Curious BRO roadsigns
2877:Darbuk–Shyok–DBO Road
1710:1971 battle of Turtuk
1674:Treaty of Tingmosgang
1652:Pre-Independent India
601:2013 Depsang standoff
526:2013 Depsang standoff
496:Further information:
459:
344:
332:
242: • Official
3030:University of Ladakh
2903:Sasoma–Saser La Road
2899:(under construction)
2644:Buddhist monasteries
2627:Shanti Stupa, Ladakh
1813:Lieutenant Governors
1741:India–China conflict
1494:(5 September 2013).
1265:on 15 September 2014
309:block, south of the
2594:Hemis National Park
1997:Drang-Drung Glacier
1915:Teram Shehr Plateau
1459:, Om Publications,
1291:. 18 September 2014
1225:Wall Street Journal
1021: /
981: /
838: /
400:32.7087°N 78.7273°E
395: /
146:32.6693°N 78.5954°E
142: /
2887:Leh–Manali Highway
1783:Politics of Ladakh
1715:2010 Ladakh floods
1634:Black-necked crane
1520:The Times of India
1199:The Indian Express
462:
351:
339:
305:, India. It is in
84:Show map of Ladakh
3889:Borders of Ladakh
3871:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3038:
3037:
2934:
2933:
2925:Srinagar–Leh line
2919:Bhanupli–Leh line
2830:
2829:
2632:Siachen Base Camp
2566:
2565:
2299:
2298:
2007:Parkachik Glacier
1874:Saltoro Mountains
1764:
1763:
1679:Dogra–Tibetan War
1466:978-81-86867-46-4
1026:32.517°N 78.400°E
986:32.617°N 78.617°E
843:32.533°N 78.400°E
799:, pp. 12–13.
442:Jammu and Kashmir
349:'s border in 1874
276:
275:
221: • Type
117:Show map of India
16:(Redirected from
3896:
3724:Chamshan Charasa
3529:Hemis Shukpachan
3173:
3136:Cities and Towns
3122:
3115:
3108:
3099:
3047:
2943:
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2558:Bono-na festival
2491:
1833:
1756:Siachen conflict
1751:Kashmir conflict
1736:Demchok conflict
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1382:Chinese report:
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1261:. Archived from
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1144:Deccan Chronicle
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870:
864:
862:
861:
859:
858:
857:
855:
850:
849:
844:
839:
836:
835:
834:
831:
818:
812:
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
769:
763:
757:
751:
750:
741:
735:
728:
719:
718:
712:
710:
695:
686:
680:
674:
668:
651:
648:Army Map Service
644:
638:
635:
626:
617:
569:Himachal Pradesh
519:Phunchok Stobdan
419:
418:
416:
415:
414:
412:
407:
406:
405:32.7087; 78.7273
401:
396:
393:
392:
391:
388:
359:Himachal Pradesh
292:
172:
170:
169:
157:
156:
154:
153:
152:
151:32.6693; 78.5954
147:
143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
118:
104:
103:
97:
85:
71:
70:
64:
32:
21:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3863:
3702:
3696:
3583:
3495:
3412:
3319:
3222:
3214:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3131:
3126:
3096:
3087:
3071:
3062:Line of Control
3034:
2983:
2963:
2957:
2930:
2907:
2865:
2826:
2643:
2636:
2622:Ladakh Marathon
2603:
2572:
2562:
2546:
2505:
2501:Music of Ladakh
2482:
2338:Daulat Beg Oldi
2305:
2295:
2239:
2128:
2042:
2021:
2017:Siachen Glacier
1980:
1919:
1888:
1864:Baltoro Muztagh
1852:
1822:
1760:
1724:
1688:
1638:
1607:
1589:
1583:Union Territory
1575:
1537:
1524:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1502:
1490:
1487:
1485:Further reading
1472:
1467:
1452:
1441:
1430:
1420:
1411:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1389:
1383:
1376:
1370:
1365:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1336:Indian Report:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1259:Hindustan Times
1252:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1203:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1124:
1114:
1112:
1110:Telegraph India
1103:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1007:
996:
994:
990:
988:
984:
983:
980:
975:
972:
970:
968:
967:
962:
958:
950:
946:
933:
932:
928:
919:
915:
907:Stanzin Dasal,
906:
902:
888:
887:
883:
871:
867:
853:
851:
847:
845:
841:
840:
837:
832:
829:
827:
825:
824:
819:
815:
807:
803:
795:
791:
783:
779:
770:
766:
758:
754:
743:
742:
738:
729:
722:
708:
706:
704:Telegraph India
697:
696:
689:
681:
677:
669:
665:
660:
655:
654:
645:
641:
619:Mount Shinowu (
618:
614:
609:
577:
538:
504:
494:
479:
454:
410:
408:
404:
402:
398:
397:
394:
389:
386:
384:
382:
381:
327:
224:Halqa Panchayat
181:Union Territory
167:
165:
150:
148:
144:
141:
136:
133:
131:
129:
128:
122:
121:
120:
119:
116:
115:
112:
111:
110:
109:
105:
88:
87:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:
77:
76:
72:
50:
43:
40:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3902:
3900:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3876:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3505:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3431:Chuchot Gongma
3428:
3422:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3170:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3102:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2940:
2939:Infrastructure
2936:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2922:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2851:Kargil Airport
2847:
2845:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2767:Shey Monastery
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2648:
2646:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2613:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2281:Saltoro Kangri
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2244:Mountain peaks
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2165:Karakoram Pass
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2012:Shafat Glacier
2009:
2004:
2002:Machoi Glacier
1999:
1994:
1992:Chumik Glacier
1988:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1946:Mushkoh Valley
1943:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1900:Depsang Plains
1896:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1770:Administration
1766:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1535:External links
1533:
1532:
1531:
1511:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1470:
1465:
1450:
1439:
1428:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1380:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1302:
1276:
1245:
1211:
1180:
1157:
1122:
1096:
1074:
1048:
1031:32.517; 78.400
991:32.617; 78.617
956:
944:
941:. 4 June 2020.
926:
920:Safeena Wani,
913:
900:
881:
865:
848:32.533; 78.400
813:
801:
789:
787:, p. 496.
777:
764:
762:, p. 211.
752:
736:
720:
687:
675:
671:Panchayat Data
662:
661:
659:
656:
653:
652:
639:
634:Sī nuò wū shān
611:
610:
608:
605:
604:
603:
598:
596:Demchok sector
593:
588:
583:
576:
573:
571:was approved.
537:
534:
493:
490:
478:
477:Chinese claims
475:
453:
450:
326:
323:
274:
273:
270:
269:
259:
253:
252:
243:
239:
238:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
213:
212:
207:
201:
200:
195:
189:
188:
183:
177:
176:
163:
159:
158:
124:
123:
114:Chumar (India)
113:
107:
106:
99:
98:
92:
91:
90:
89:
80:
74:
73:
66:
65:
59:
58:
57:
56:
55:
52:
51:
48:
45:
44:
41:
35:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3901:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3699:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3667:Samad Rakchan
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3519:Chiling Sumda
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3436:Chuchot Shama
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3426:Chuchat Yakma
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3163:
3157:(Census Town)
3156:
3153:
3151:(Census Town)
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2861:Military AGLs
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:Namgyal Tsemo
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2569:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2485:
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438:Frederic Drew
435:
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411:Mount Shinowu
379:
378:Mount Shinowu
374:
372:
368:
367:Tsamda County
365:) in Tibet's
364:
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347:Frederic Drew
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127:Coordinates:
96:
63:
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33:
27:
19:
3764:Khemakhungiu
3601:
3285:Skinlingyong
3129:Leh district
2642:Indo-Tibetan
2617:Khurnak Fort
2291:Tiger Saddle
2271:India Saddle
2261:Ghent Kangri
2230:Spanggur Gap
2180:Lachulung La
1976:Aryan valley
1869:Ladakh Range
1625:Snow leopard
1602:
1596:
1523:. Retrieved
1519:
1503:. Retrieved
1499:
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1422:
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1320:Bibliography
1305:
1293:. Retrieved
1288:
1279:
1269:15 September
1267:. Retrieved
1263:the original
1258:
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1224:
1214:
1202:. Retrieved
1198:
1171:. Retrieved
1160:
1148:. Retrieved
1143:
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1109:
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1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1061:
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868:
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707:. Retrieved
703:
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632:
615:
581:Parang River
562:
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530:
523:
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505:
483:
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318:
315:Parang River
298:
282:
278:
277:
26:
3859:Warisfistan
3799:Partap Pore
3290:Skur Buchan
3200:Man Pangong
2571:Tourism and
2306:settlements
2266:Gurung Hill
2215:Sasser Pass
2190:Marsimik La
2175:Kongka Pass
2170:Khardung La
2140:Bilafond La
2079:Drass River
2038:Pangong Tso
1961:Suru Valley
1941:Salt Valley
1905:More plains
1500:India Today
1492:Aroor, Shiv
1169:. The Hindu
1062:Rediff News
1029: /
989: /
846: /
403: /
371:Spiti River
149: /
3878:Categories
3744:Hundar Dok
3607:Chumathang
3559:Skiumarkha
3461:Rambir Por
3315:Youl Chung
3149:Choglamsar
2537:Changthang
2358:Dzingrulma
2185:Taglang La
2160:Indira Col
2109:Suru River
2033:Tso Moriri
1525:12 October
1505:12 October
1295:12 October
1238:12 October
1204:12 October
1173:12 October
1150:12 October
1115:12 October
1089:12 October
1035: (
995: (
852: (
709:12 October
658:References
550:Tso Moriri
542:Rayul Lake
409: (
390:78°43′38″E
387:32°42′31″N
311:Tso Moriri
216:Government
137:78°35′43″E
134:32°40′09″N
3719:Chalunkha
3554:Saspochey
3524:Giramangu
3373:Matselang
3295:Takmachik
3223:(Khaltsi)
3205:Shachokol
2988:Education
2927:(Planned)
2921:(Planned)
2836:Transport
2802:Tserkarmo
2551:Festivals
2532:Zangskari
2510:Languages
2313:Meenamarg
2225:Shingo La
2205:Rezang La
2195:Namika La
2124:Chip Chap
1828:Geography
1778:Districts
1729:Conflicts
1595:Capital:
1233:0099-9660
939:The Hindu
895:The Hindu
536:Transport
325:Geography
257:Time zone
237:Languages
229:Elevation
3759:Khardong
3692:Ukdungle
3672:Skitmang
3569:Tarhipti
3403:Sharnose
3368:Langokor
3300:Temisgam
3275:Lingshet
3265:Lamayuru
3260:Khalatse
3245:Fotoksar
3235:Dah Hanu
3169:villages
3043:See also
2844:Airports
2787:Stongdey
2712:Lingshed
2702:Lamayuru
2581:Wildlife
2573:wildlife
2542:Brokskat
2468:Ukdungle
2383:Khalatse
2323:Chalunka
2251:Bana Top
2200:Pensi La
2155:Gyong La
2145:Chang la
1985:Glaciers
1067:20 April
575:See also
430:Gya Peak
355:Pare Chu
319:Pare Chu
262:UTC+5:30
193:District
3834:Terchey
3824:Tangyar
3804:Skanpuk
3794:Panamic
3784:Largiab
3779:Lakjung
3754:Khalsar
3714:Bogdang
3677:Tarchit
3647:Kumgyam
3637:Kharnak
3612:Demchok
3491:Thiksey
3383:Phuktse
3338:Chemrey
3240:Damkhar
3210:Tangtse
3195:Kargyam
3185:Chushul
3165:Tehsils
3050:Borders
2975:Dumkhar
2946:General
2912:Railway
2822:Zongkul
2792:Takthok
2742:Rangdum
2732:Phugtal
2722:Mulbekh
2667:Chemrey
2609:Tourism
2517:Ladakhi
2494:General
2487:Culture
2453:Thiksey
2428:Rangdum
2418:Panamik
2343:Demchok
2333:Chushul
2328:Chemrey
2235:Zoji La
2150:Fotu La
2089:Zanskar
1971:Zanskar
1924:Valleys
1910:Sirijap
1893:Plateau
1836:General
1644:History
1541:Article
1016:78°24′E
1013:32°31′N
976:78°37′E
973:32°37′N
833:78°24′E
830:32°32′N
621:Chinese
337:, 1954)
299:chu mur
291:ཆུ་མུར་
287:Tibetan
246:Ladakhi
162:Country
49:Village
39:ཆུ་མུར་
3854:Udmaru
3849:Turtuk
3844:Thoise
3819:Takshi
3814:Sumoor
3749:Hundri
3739:Hundar
3734:Diskit
3729:Digger
3652:Liktse
3627:Karzok
3602:Chumar
3564:Suspol
3549:Rumbak
3514:Bazgoo
3481:Stakna
3446:Mathoo
3388:Serthi
3363:Kharoo
3358:Khargu
3333:Changa
3220:Khalsi
3190:Durbok
3177:Durbuk
3155:Spituk
2971:Chutak
2817:Zangla
2797:Thikse
2777:Stakna
2772:Spituk
2762:Saspul
2757:Sankar
2747:Rizong
2737:Phyang
2697:Karsha
2692:Korzok
2687:Hundur
2672:Diskit
2657:Bardan
2478:Zangla
2463:Turtuk
2458:Thoise
2438:Sasoma
2433:Sankoo
2378:Kargil
2363:Fukche
2348:Diskit
2318:Burtse
2220:Sia La
2133:Passes
2119:Galwan
2114:Markha
2104:Yapola
2094:Tsarap
2074:Chenab
2054:Sutlej
2047:Rivers
1936:Rupshu
1857:Ranges
1659:Maryul
1621:Animal
1598:Kargil
1587:Ladakh
1463:
1408:Part 3
1397:Part 2
1386:Part 1
1373:Part 4
1362:Part 3
1351:Part 2
1340:Part 1
1231:
877:Ilaqas
631::
629:pinyin
623::
446:grazed
425:Chepzi
307:Rupshu
303:Ladakh
283:Chumur
279:Chumar
205:Tehsil
186:Ladakh
171:
108:Chumar
75:Chumar
42:Chumur
36:Chumar
18:Chumur
3839:Thang
3829:Tegar
3809:Skuru
3789:Murgo
3774:Kubed
3769:Khemi
3705:Nubra
3701:Sumur
3687:Tukla
3662:Nyoma
3642:Koyul
3632:Kerey
3622:Himya
3617:Hanle
3597:Anlay
3589:Nyoma
3574:Taroo
3534:Likir
3509:Alchi
3501:Likir
3471:Sakti
3466:Saboo
3441:Fiang
3408:Upshi
3398:Shara
3393:Shang
3378:Meroo
3348:Hemis
3325:Kharu
3310:Wanla
3280:Nurla
3270:Leido
3255:Kanji
3076:Other
2979:Salal
2870:Roads
2812:Wanla
2807:Tonde
2707:Likir
2682:Hemis
2677:Hanle
2662:Basgo
2652:Alchi
2527:Balti
2522:Purgi
2473:Upshi
2448:Shyok
2423:Purne
2413:Padum
2408:Nyoma
2398:Murgo
2393:Likir
2373:Hanle
2368:Hemis
2304:Human
2084:Indus
2069:Shyok
2026:Lakes
1966:Nubra
1956:Shyok
1951:Padum
1412:(PDF)
1401:(PDF)
1390:(PDF)
1377:(PDF)
1366:(PDF)
1355:(PDF)
1344:(PDF)
730:PTI,
607:Notes
554:Meroo
546:Hanle
512:Zanda
434:Spiti
295:Wylie
250:Hindi
210:Nyoma
174:India
3682:Teri
3657:Mood
3579:Umla
3544:Nimo
3486:Stok
3476:Shey
3456:Phey
3451:Nang
3353:Igoo
3250:Hanu
2962:Dams
2782:Stok
2752:Sani
2443:Shey
2403:Nimo
2353:Dras
2210:Rimo
2099:Doda
2064:Ravi
2059:Beas
1630:Bird
1527:2020
1507:2020
1461:ISBN
1297:2020
1271:2014
1240:2020
1229:ISSN
1206:2020
1175:2020
1152:2020
1117:2020
1091:2020
1069:2014
711:2020
625:斯诺乌山
565:Pooh
558:NH-3
500:and
317:(or
3539:Ney
3418:Leh
3343:Gia
3305:Tia
3230:Dah
3167:and
3143:Leh
2388:Leh
2276:K12
1931:Leh
1604:Leh
1585:of
1046:)."
863:)."
567:in
556:on
380:. (
335:AMS
281:or
266:IST
198:Leh
3880::
1632::
1623::
1601:;
1518:.
1498:.
1404:;
1393:;
1369:;
1358:;
1347:;
1287:.
1257:.
1227:.
1223:.
1197:.
1183:^
1142:.
1125:^
1108:.
1060:.
937:.
893:.
723:^
713:.
702:.
690:^
627:;
373:.
297::
293:,
289::
248:,
3707:)
3703:(
3121:e
3114:t
3107:v
1570:e
1563:t
1556:v
1529:.
1509:.
1415:;
1299:.
1273:.
1242:.
1208:.
1177:.
1154:.
1119:.
1093:.
1071:.
1039:)
999:)
897:.
856:)
413:)
285:(
268:)
264:(
20:)
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