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scattered everywhere. On the right flank, the
Ottomans captured the Pinnacle, driving the New Army troops before them. New Zealand machine gunners positioned at the Apex shot down the Ottomans as they tried to continue down the spur. The gunners could not discriminate friend from foe and killed many New Army troops who were amongst the charging Ottomans, as the Leinsters were rushed up to the Apex to reinforce. At the north side of Rhododendron Spur, the Ottomans descended from Chunuk Bair to the small plateau of the Farm and overran Baldwin's brigade, the Warwicks being almost annihilated, the 6th Royal Irish Rifles losing half its number and Baldwin being killed; the survivors retreating to Cheshire Ridge. The Turkish infantry were exhausted and fell back to the main ridge and the Farm plateau became part of no man's land.
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am, the
Ottomans counter-attacked the Wellingtonians. The slope of the hill was so steep that the Ottomans could get within 22 yards (20 m) of the trenches without being seen. The New Zealanders fought desperately to hold off the Ottomans, firing their rifles and those of their fallen companions
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of 8th
Battalion, the Welch Regiment, led by Lieutenant-Colonel Bald. The Auckland and Canterbury Infantry Battalions were removed from the plan of attack. They were replaced by the Otago and Wellington Infantry Battalions, which would lead the new attack. A 45-minute naval bombardment would start at
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The approach to the peak was made along
Rhododendron Spur, which ran from the beach to the peak of Chunuk Bair. The Ottomans had outposts at specific points along the spur: at the Table Top, Destroyer Hill and nearest the beach at Old No. 3 Outpost. There was also an Ottoman outpost on Bauchop's Hill
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infantry. The attack would be conducted by a Right
Assaulting Column up Rhododendron Spur to Chunuk Bair and the Left Assaulting Column would divide at Aghyl Dere and half would advance across Damakjelik Spur and Azma Dere to the Abdul Rahman Spur and then attack Hill 971, the other part of the force
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There were about 2,000 defenders on or below the summit of Chunuk Bair. Baldwin's brigade at the Farm numbered a further 3,000. The
Ottomans swept over the Lancashire battalion on the summit, few of whom survived (510 men were reported missing). The Wiltshires were unarmed and un-equipped and were
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battalions had also suffered greatly. There were 417 casualties amongst the Welch pioneers and 350 amongst the
Gloucesters, including all the officers of the battalion. For the wounded, the suffering was only beginning. Some took three days to travel from the higher reaches of Rhododendron Spur to
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As darkness fell on the evening of 8 August, the fighting subsided and the
Wellington Battalion was relieved. Out of the 760 men of the battalion who had reached the summit, 711 had become casualties. Whereas Malone had resisted sending his men on a suicidal charge when told to follow the Auckland
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Chunuk Bair was hard to defend. It was only possible to scrape shallow trenches amongst the rocks, and the peak was exposed to fire from the main
Ottoman line on Battleship Hill to the south and from Hill Q to the north. If the original plan for the offensive had worked, Hill Q would have been in
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am, the peaks had around 500 Ottoman reinforcements, whereas only hours ago, there had been just 20 sleeping soldiers. However, these reinforcements were spotted by
Australian artillery observers, who pinned down movements by the Ottomans, some of whom fled down from the summit to better cover.
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In 2018 New Zealand military historian Ian McGibbon challenged the "myth" that Colonel Malone had refused a direct order to make a daytime attack, holding that Malone and Johnston both disagreed with Godley's order for the Auckland Battalion to attack in daylight, which dissention Johnston had
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On the morning of 10 August Mustafa Kemal led an overwhelming Ottoman counter-attack. If Chunuk Bair, the one Allied success of the August offensive, was recaptured, the battle was effectively over. His plan lacked subtlety but was brutally effective – overrun the defenders by sheer weight of
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and Suvla was an attempt to try to break the stalemate that the Gallipoli Campaign had become. The capture of Chunuk Bair was the only success for the Allies of the campaign but it was fleeting as the position proved untenable. The Ottomans recaptured the peak for good a few days later.
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until the wood of the stock was too hot to touch. When the Ottomans got up to the trenches, the fighting continued with the bayonet. The Ottomans overran part of the New Zealand trench and took some prisoners. In full daylight, reinforcements were only reaching the summit at a trickle.
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Following a naval bombardment of the peak and a delay, the Wellingtons, followed by the Gloucesters, reached Chunuk Bair virtually unopposed. The preceding barrage had driven most of the Ottoman defenders away as the ground was too hard and rocky for deep entrenchments.
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would move to the right up Damakjelik Spur to Hill Q. To prevent delays, a Right Covering Force was to take Destroyer Hill, Table top, Old No 3 Post and Bauchop's Hill and the Left Covering Force was to reach Walden Point, cross Aghyl Dere and take Damakjelik Bair.
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am, they did. About 100 made it as far as the Pinnacle, where they desperately tried to dig in. Around 300 fell as casualties between there and the Apex. Johnston told the Wellington battalion to continue the attack. The battalion's commander, Lieutenant Colonel
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and Chunuk Bair. Both sides had been reinforced, with Hamilton's original five divisions increased to 15 divisions and the six original Ottoman divisions having grown to a force of 16 divisions. The British planned to land two fresh infantry divisions from
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Two hundred yards beyond where the New Zealanders were positioned on the Apex was another knoll called "The Pinnacle" from which it was a straight climb to the summit. Off the side of the spur to the north was a small, sheltered plateau known as The Farm.
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to reach the ridge an hour before dawn. Once Hill Q and Hill 971 had been captured, the Left Assaulting Column was to dig in and the Right Assaulting Column would consolidate Chunuk Bair and capture Battleship Hill, assisted by dawn attacks on the Nek and
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With the offensive once again stalled, the New Zealanders on Chunuk Bair had to endure another day of Ottoman harassment. As night fell the remaining New Zealanders moved back to the Apex and were replaced by two New Army battalions, the 6th Battalion of
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reluctantly accepted. McGibbon said that the sole claim that Malone refused a direct order was made by NCO Charlie Clark in 1981. Malone had argued with a British officer, Major Arthur Temperley, who was Johnston's brigade major but junior to Malone.
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In daylight, after an exhausting climb and faced by stiffening opposition, the prospects for a New Zealand assault against the peak looked slim. Johnston requested to wait until nightfall. Nevertheless, General Godley ordered Johnston to attack.
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on the south side of the spur was lost and delayed. Overall commander of the attack, Colonel Johnston, made the decision to wait for the last battalion to arrive before making the attack, disobeying original orders to not halt for any reason.
861:, had reached the summit and was preparing its defence. Kemal, the Ottoman colonel who had warned of the possibility of an attack, arrived soon after Kannengiesser. He ordered several regiments to the area. By 10:00
1691:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: Heinemann.
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The opportunity for a swift victory at Chunuk Bair had been lost. With the failure of attack of the Nek and the realisation that Chunuk Bair was in danger of being overrun, the Ottomans reinforced the peak. At
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am, shortly before dawn. They advanced to a knoll dubbed "The Apex" which was only about 500 yards (460 m) from the summit where at the time there were only a handful of Ottoman infantry, about 20. The
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The Chunuk Bair Memorial, Gallipoli: The Register of the Names of Soldiers of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force Who Fell in the Battle of Sari Bair and in Certain Subsequent Operations and Have No Known
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numbers. Mustafa Kemal had stopped the advance of IX Corps at Suvla, with a counter-attack at dawn on 9 August and late in the day reconnoitred Chunuk Bair and planned an attack with six battalions.
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Godley remained at his headquarters near the beach, largely ignorant of the state of the fighting. His plan for 9 August was to take Hill Q. The main force for the assault was a brigade commanded by
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describing the battle. This was the first of several brass band works he has composed commemorating the contributions of New Zealand and Australian forces to particular First World War battles.
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in 1923 and a plaque unveiled in the New Zealand Parliament's Grand Hall in 2005. A memorial to honour New Zealand soldiers who died in the campaign was unveiled on Chunuk Bair in May 1925.
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am. The only force to reach Hill Q was Allanson's battalion of Gurkhas. They suffered the same fate as Colonel Malone, shelled by their own artillery, and their stay on the hill was brief.
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The Ottomans had reclaimed the east side of the summit and were reinforced by the arrival of the 8th Division from Helles. As the extent of the Allied offensive became apparent, General
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The Ottoman senior commanders did not expect an attack at Chunuk Bair as it felt that the rugged terrain was unsuitable for an attack. However, the commanding officer of the section,
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am, the New Zealanders were just 500 yards (460 m) away from the summit, but Ottoman and German reinforcements started arriving in heavy numbers. The commander of the
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1851:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I. London: Heinemann.
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Allied hands. Allanson's battalion of Gurkhas reached it briefly the following day but were in no position to offer relief to the troops on Chunuk Bair.
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refused, stating that he was not willing to order his men to carry out a hopeless attack. He said his battalion would take Chunuk Bair at night.
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was performed on the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Chunuk Bair in Christchurch, New Zealand. It was directed by Martin Howells. (see
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This force would climb to Hill Q from the Farm. At the same time, the New Zealanders on the right from Chunuk Bair and units of General
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Two charges had been made before Godley finally called off the daytime attack. Hundreds of Anzacs lay dead and wounded before the peak.
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but the situation was so confused that the force he led towards Hill Q contained only one of his normal battalions, the 6th
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Chunuk Bair down onto the rear of the Ottoman trenches on Battleship Hill. Despite the delay to the New Zealand attack, the
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Godley spent the rest of the day of 7 August devising a plan for another attack. He sent up reinforcements including the
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am a supporting attack was planned at the Nek against Baby 700, intended to coincide with the New Zealanders attacking
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to the north. All these outposts had to be cleared by the covering force, the four understrength regiments of the
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pm, Malone was killed by a misdirected artillery shell, fired from either Anzac artillery or a British ship.
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Composer Dwayne Bloomfield was in 2001 inspired by this battle to write the original work for brass band
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British units that reached the summit of Chunuk Bair early on 8 August 1915 to engage the Turks were the
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The failure of the Allies to capture Krithia or make any progress on the Cape Helles front, led General
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A memorial arch, the Malone Memorial Gate, commemorating Lieutenant-Colonel Malone was constructed in
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would be attacked by Gurkhas of the 29th Indian Brigade and Australians of the 4th Infantry Brigade.
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from the 40th Brigade (who would later be redirected to reinforce Chunuk Bair). Plus he led two
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3:30 the next morning. Twelve machine guns would provide covering fire to the attacking forces.
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sings about the aftermath of this battle in the song "On Battleship Hill" from her 2011 album
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1738:'Sorry, lads, but the order is to go' : the *August Offensive, Gallipoli : 1915
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The three battalions travelling along the north side of the spur were in position by 4:30
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1982:. Memorial register. Maidenhead, Berks: Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 1980 .
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553:, New Zealand and Australian Division. The New Zealand troops were relieved by 8:00
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from the 29th Brigade. Most of the 10th Division had landed at Suvla on 7 August.
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The Story of Anzac from 4 May 1915, to the Evacuation of the Gallipoli Peninsula
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https://ww100.govt.nz/performance-of-'once-on-chunuk-bair'-christchurch
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from the Nek from Russell's Top, by dismounted Australian light horse from the
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and some of the 5th Battalion of the Wiltshire Regiment from Baldwin's force.
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1635:"New Zealand Memorial at Chunuk Bair | NZHistory, New Zealand history online"
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The attack on Chunuk Bair was the main element in a wider offensive. At 4:30
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Battle of Sari Bair, showing the Turkish counter-attack, 9–10 August 1915
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At Anzac an offensive would be made against the Sari Bair range by the
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Battalion on 7 August, a day later the outcome would be the same. The
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captured Bauchop's Hill, which was named after the Otago's commander,
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over control of the peak in August 1915. The capture of Chunuk Bair, (
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Military Operations Gallipoli: Inception of the Campaign to May 1915
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Echoes of Gallipoli: In the Words of New Zealand's Mounted Riflemen
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537:. The troops were reinforced in the afternoon by two squads of the
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Battle of Sari Bair, showing the British attack, 6–8 August 1915
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After the covering forces had captured their objectives by
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Military Operations Gallipoli: May 1915 to the Evacuation
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when it was constructed on the site after the Armistice.
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1868:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military.
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Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
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30:"Chunuk Bair" redirects here. For the 1992 film, see
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Pugsley, Christopher; Lockyer, John Lockyer (1999).
1799:"Meet the Band (Musical Director Dwayne Bloomfield)"
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The Farm Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery
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and the Indian Mountain Artillery Brigade, to about
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Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom
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Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire
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1902:Fewster, K.; Basarin, V.; Basarin, H. H. (2004).
1764:"Colonel's courage gets its due - 90 years later"
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527:7th (Service) Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment
2984:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
1134:12 May 1925 – Unveiling of Chunuk Bair Memorial
1088:in four days at Chunuk Bair and Hill 971, from
43:
1942:The Anzacs at Gallipoli: A Story for Anzac Day
1226:The Battle of Chunuk Bair was featured in the
1065:The loss of Chunuk Bair marked the end of the
822:went ahead nonetheless, with huge casualties.
4166:
2023:
1151:, who repaired phone lines while under fire.
305:
8:
4997:Battles of World War I involving New Zealand
4934:List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire
956:the beach, a little over a kilometre away.
772:took Destroyer Hill and the Table Top. The
4173:
4159:
4151:
3857:
3566:
3471:
3411:
2520:
2328:
2122:
2030:
2016:
2008:
1719:. Vol. II (11th ed.). Canberra:
587:Order of battle for the Gallipoli Campaign
312:
298:
290:
67:Turkish POWs being escorted in Chunuk Bair
40:
1823:. University of Western Australia Press.
3273:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
1906:. St. Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin.
1687:Aspinall-Oglander, Cecil Faber (1992) .
3650:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
1847:Aspinall-Oglander, Cecil Faber (1929).
1820:Gallipoli: The Western Australian Story
1534:
1510:
1498:
1486:
1460:
1448:
1436:
1424:
1412:
1400:
1388:
1373:
1361:
1349:
1325:
1310:
1238:
696:the attacking columns would advance at
1963:. Auckland, NZ: Hodder and Stoughton.
3603:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
2939:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
1337:
557:pm on 9 August by the 6th Battalion,
7:
4007:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
1250:
4188:Ottoman battles in the 20th century
3936:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
2730:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
1766:. New Zealand Herald. 9 August 2005
1670:
1621:
1609:
666:New Zealand and Australian Division
523:New Zealand and Australian Division
2669:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
999:from the 39th Brigade and the 5th
768:cleared Old No. 3 Outpost and the
759:New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade
551:Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment
25:
5002:Battles of the Gallipoli campaign
1740:. Sydney, Australia: UNSW Press.
1476:. Stuff (Fairfax). 22 April 2018.
1186:by Louis de Bernieres, author of
1100:and the top of Monash Valley and
628:Mediterranean Expeditionary Force
5012:Battles of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
4492:Kirte Bağları (Krithia Vineyard)
4182:
3032:Second Battle of the Piave River
2654:Russian invasion of East Prussia
1210:Behold the Narrows from the Hill
843:Assault on Chunuk Bair, 8 August
572:The British August Offensive at
539:Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment
242:
231:
219:
194:
180:
163:
148:
134:
120:
61:
4103:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
3303:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
902:British 13th (Western) Division
529:; and 8th (Service) Battalion,
3926:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
3785:Deportations from East Prussia
3582:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
1155:Appearances in popular culture
1:
4467:3rd Arıburnu (3rd Anzac Cove)
4452:2nd Arıburnu (2nd Anzac Cove)
3837:Ukrainian Canadian internment
1042:the South Lancashire Regiment
968:British positions on 9 August
618:Battle of Hill 60 (Gallipoli)
4929:For the battles before 1900
4527:Yusufçuktepe (Scimitar Hill)
3992:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
3291:Estonian War of Independence
2959:Southern Palestine offensive
1112:and British casualties were
906:The Gloucestershire Regiment
857:, German Lieutenant-Colonel
682:29th Indian Infantry Brigade
494:defenders and troops of the
3946:USA against Austria-Hungary
3345:Turkish War of Independence
3297:Latvian War of Independence
3022:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
2613:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
1904:Gallipoli The Turkish Story
27:1915 conflict in Gallipoliㅤ
5028:
4029:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
3577:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
3037:Second Battle of the Marne
2924:Second battle of the Aisne
2793:Second Battle of Champagne
2634:German invasion of Belgium
1885:Gallipoli: A Ridge Too Far
1864:Chambers, Stephen (2014).
1784:New Zealand History Online
1736:Cameron, David W. (2009).
1188:Captain Corelli's Mandolin
602:Battle of Krithia Vineyard
595:
584:
490:battle fought between the
29:
4925:
4432:1st Arıburnu (Anzac Cove)
4422:Seddülbayır (Cape Helles)
4135:
3810:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
3339:Irish War of Independence
3082:Armistice of Villa Giusti
3067:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
2679:First Battle of the Marne
2045:
1887:. Wollombi, NSW: Exisle.
778:Canterbury Mounted Rifles
770:Wellington Mounted Rifles
559:South Lancashire Regiment
331:
275:
254:
212:
112:
71:
60:
48:
4532:Selman’ı Pak (Ctesiphon)
4273:Beşpınar (Pente Pigadia)
3962:Constantinople Agreement
3255:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
3118:Co-belligerent conflicts
3087:Second Romanian campaign
3057:Third Transjordan attack
2768:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
2674:Battle of Grand Couronné
1925:. Auckland, NZ: Exisle.
1803:Canterbury Brass website
1415:, pp. 203–205, 207.
1265:, pp. 127, 487–495.
1172:in 1982. A film version
979:. Baldwin commanded the
4963:40.252000°N 26.308500°E
4353:2nd Edirne (Adrianople)
4303:1st Edirne (Adrianople)
4025:Modus vivendi of Acroma
3977:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
3285:Greater Poland Uprising
3185:National Protection War
3062:Meuse–Argonne offensive
3012:German spring offensive
3007:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
2783:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
2758:Second Battle of Artois
2639:Battle of the Frontiers
1721:Australian War Memorial
904:; the 7th Battalion of
766:Auckland Mounted Rifles
707:3rd Light Horse Brigade
674:13th (Western) Division
614:Battle of Scimitar Hill
535:13th (Western) Division
4050:Paris Peace Conference
4038:Ukraine–Central Powers
3832:Massacres of Albanians
3800:Late Ottoman genocides
3607:Bulgarian occupations
3315:Third Anglo-Afghan War
3279:Hungarian–Romanian War
3097:Naval Victory Bulletin
3092:Armistice with Germany
3042:Hundred Days Offensive
2969:Battle of La Malmaison
2919:Second battle of Arras
2886:Battle of Transylvania
2740:Second Battle of Ypres
2608:Sarajevo assassination
2497:South African Republic
1961:Gallipoli The NZ Story
1944:. Auckland, NZ: Reed.
1883:Ekins, Ashley (2013).
1817:Olson, Wesley (2006).
1659:Aspinall-Oglander 1992
1598:Aspinall-Oglander 1992
1586:Aspinall-Oglander 1992
1574:Aspinall-Oglander 1992
1562:Aspinall-Oglander 1992
1550:Aspinall-Oglander 1992
1523:Aspinall-Oglander 1992
1299:Aspinall-Oglander 1992
1287:Aspinall-Oglander 1992
1275:Aspinall-Oglander 1992
1263:Aspinall-Oglander 1992
1135:
1125:Stratford, New Zealand
1025:
991:. He also had the 9th
969:
941:Otto Liman von Sanders
881:to attack and at 11:00
845:
753:
545:pm on 8 August by the
503:
484:Conk Bayırı Muharebesi
483:
344:Landing at Cape Helles
213:Commanders and leaders
4752:Berukin and 1st Arara
4497:Kanlısırt (Lone Pine)
4060:Treaty of St. Germain
4033:Russia–Central Powers
3987:Sykes–Picot Agreement
3815:Pontic Greek genocide
3790:Destruction of Kalisz
3766:Eastern Mediterranean
3327:Polish–Lithuanian War
3109:Armistice of Belgrade
3072:Armistice of Salonica
3002:Operation Faustschlag
2949:Third Battle of Oituz
2871:Baranovichi offensive
2839:Lake Naroch offensive
2813:Battle of Robat Karim
2788:Vistula–Bug offensive
2763:Battles of the Isonzo
2694:First Battle of Ypres
1780:"Malone War Memorial"
1133:
1021:
1007:battalions; the 10th
1005:10th (Irish) Division
967:
841:
749:
731:Ottoman 19th Division
561:, and 5th Battalion,
476:Battle of Chunuk Bair
376:Landing at Anzac Cove
276:Casualties and losses
44:Battle of Chunuk Bair
4968:40.252000; 26.308500
4517:Kılıçbayır (The Nek)
4392:Köprüköy (Bergmann)
4055:Treaty of Versailles
3771:Mount Lebanon famine
3686:in the United States
3654:Russian occupations
3368:Turkish–Armenian War
3309:Polish–Ukrainian War
3249:Ukrainian–Soviet War
3196:Central Asian Revolt
2979:Armistice of Focșani
2709:Battle of Sarikamish
2659:Battle of Tannenberg
2055:Military engagements
1959:Pugsley, C. (1984).
1921:Kinloch, T. (2005).
1474:"An entrenched myth"
1352:, pp. 138, 140.
1230:miniseries in 2015.
1201:8 April 2019 at the
855:Ottoman 9th Division
804:Canterbury battalion
774:Otago Mounted Rifles
676:(Lieutenant-General
660:Anzac plan of attack
639:(Lieutenant-General
519:Wellington Battalion
425:Landing at Suvla Bay
4959: /
4268:Kırcalı (Kardzhali)
4122:They shall not pass
4045:Treaty of Bucharest
4002:Treaty of Bucharest
3941:USA against Germany
3918:Declarations of war
3622:German occupations
3535:British casualties
3394:Soviet–Georgian War
3321:Egyptian Revolution
3261:Armeno-Georgian War
3125:Somaliland campaign
3077:Armistice of Mudros
2954:Battle of Caporetto
2944:Battle of Mărășești
2914:Zimmermann telegram
2909:February Revolution
2854:Battle of the Somme
2778:Bug-Narew Offensive
2753:Battle of Gallipoli
2745:Sinking of the RMS
2537:Scramble for Africa
2531:Franco-Prussian War
2187:Sinai and Palestine
1600:, pp. 306–308.
1576:, pp. 305–306.
1564:, pp. 217–219.
1525:, pp. 212–213.
1501:, pp. 222–224.
1489:, pp. 208–209.
1463:, pp. 207–208.
1439:, pp. 206–207.
1403:, pp. 160–163.
1391:, pp. 163–164.
1364:, pp. 140–141.
1301:, pp. 185–186.
1289:, pp. 184–185.
1192:Once on Chunuk Bair
1184:Birds Without Wings
1169:Once on Chunuk Bair
1067:Battle of Sari Bair
729:, commander of the
626:, commander of the
606:Battle of Lone Pine
598:Battle of Sari Bair
512:Battle of Sari Bair
271:(20,000–30,000 men)
238:Mustafa Kemal Pasha
205:(military officers)
5007:August 1915 events
4692:Hareira and Sheria
4082:Treaty of Lausanne
3997:Paris Economy Pact
3931:UK against Germany
3861:Entry into the war
3827:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
3546:Ottoman casualties
3356:Franco-Turkish War
3236:Post-War conflicts
3220:Russian Revolution
3202:Invasion of Darfur
3167:Kelantan rebellion
3155:Kurdish rebellions
3131:Mexican Revolution
2964:October Revolution
2929:Kerensky offensive
2904:Capture of Baghdad
2881:Monastir offensive
2866:Brusilov offensive
2704:Battle of Kolubara
2543:Russo-Japanese War
1136:
1114:12,000–13,000 men.
1026:
1013:Royal Irish Rifles
970:
879:Auckland battalion
877:Johnston told the
859:Hans Kannengiesser
846:
782:Lieutenant Colonel
754:
641:Frederick Stopford
563:Wiltshire Regiment
323:Gallipoli campaign
51:Gallipoli campaign
32:Chunuk Bair (film)
4942:
4941:
4837:Afulah and Beisan
4807:German Expedition
4547:Erzurum offensive
4293:İşkodra (Scutari)
4195:Italo-Turkish War
4148:
4147:
4131:
4130:
4115:The Golden Virgin
4109:Mutilated victory
4090:
4089:
4070:Treaty of Trianon
4065:Treaty of Neuilly
3972:Damascus Protocol
3845:
3844:
3805:Armenian genocide
3762:Allied blockades
3734:Belgian refugees
3517:
3516:
3427:Strategic bombing
3403:
3402:
3388:Franco-Syrian War
3362:Greco-Turkish War
3350:Anglo-Turkish War
3333:Polish–Soviet War
3267:German Revolution
3243:Russian Civil War
3226:Finnish Civil War
3052:Battle of Megiddo
3027:Battle of Goychay
2974:Battle of Cambrai
2934:Battle of Mărăști
2849:Battle of Jutland
2829:Erzurum offensive
2684:Siege of Przemyśl
2664:Siege of Tsingtao
2649:Battle of Galicia
2579:Second Balkan War
2567:Italo-Turkish War
2524:Pre-War conflicts
2510:
2509:
2400:Portuguese Empire
2316:
2315:
2278:German New Guinea
2260:Asian and Pacific
1894:978-1-92196-600-2
1875:978-1-78159-190-1
1830:978-1-920694-82-1
1639:nzhistory.govt.nz
1328:, pp. 29–30.
1313:, pp. 19–22.
1221:Let England Shake
1180:Daybreak Pictures
974:Brigadier-General
820:Battle of the Nek
742:Rhododendron Spur
686:20,000 front-line
610:Battle of the Nek
506:Basin Slope, now
469:
468:
288:
287:
249:Hans Kannengießer
108:
107:
16:(Redirected from
5019:
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4973:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4872:Jisr Benat Yakub
4557:Felahiye (Hanna)
4447:Battle of Dilman
4412:Naval operations
4328:Varna (Kaliakra)
4187:
4186:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4152:
4075:Treaty of Sèvres
3967:Treaty of London
3858:
3636:Northeast France
3567:
3539:Parliamentarians
3472:
3434:Chemical weapons
3412:
3173:Senussi campaign
3143:Muscat rebellion
3137:Maritz rebellion
3105:
3047:Vardar offensive
2876:Battle of Romani
2844:Battle of Asiago
2834:Battle of Verdun
2798:Kosovo offensive
2573:First Balkan War
2521:
2420:Russian Republic
2329:
2123:
2065:Economic history
2032:
2025:
2018:
2009:
1991:
1974:
1955:
1936:
1917:
1898:
1879:
1866:Anzac: Sari Bair
1860:
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1254:
1248:
1166:produced a play
1164:Maurice Shadbolt
1115:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1086:9,200 casualties
1035:
989:East Lancashires
935:
927:
884:
864:
852:
813:
800:
721:Ottoman defences
716:
711:Francis Johnston
704:
699:
695:
687:
670:Alexander Godley
650:
633:
592:August offensive
556:
544:
370:Krithia Vineyard
337:Naval operations
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4757:2nd Transjordan
4383:First World War
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4086:
4018:
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3982:Treaty of Darin
3950:
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3868:Austria-Hungary
3854:
3841:
3822:Rape of Belgium
3749:
3721:
3669:
3663:Western Armenia
3658:Eastern Galicia
3591:
3565:
3529:
3528:Civilian impact
3527:
3513:
3470:
3399:
3231:
3161:Ovambo Uprising
3113:
3099:
2988:
2890:
2817:
2735:Battle of Łomża
2718:
2714:Christmas truce
2689:Race to the Sea
2622:
2584:
2506:
2477:Austria-Hungary
2453:
2388:Empire of Japan
2325:
2323:
2312:
2296:U-boat campaign
2282:
2254:
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2168:
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2095:Popular culture
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1537:, pp. 244.
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1513:, pp. 242.
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1451:, pp. 208.
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1427:, pp. 207.
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1376:, pp. 160.
1372:
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977:Anthony Baldwin
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2773:Great Retreat
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
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2700:
2697:
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2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2644:Battle of Cer
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2561:Agadir Crisis
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2522:
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2513:
2503:
2500:
2498:
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2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
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2460:
2456:
2450:
2449:United States
2447:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
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2408:
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2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2366:French Empire
2364:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2319:
2309:
2308:Mediterranean
2306:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2288:Naval warfare
2285:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2164:Italian Front
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2152:Eastern Front
2150:
2148:
2147:Western Front
2145:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2105:Puppet states
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1970:0-34033-877-6
1966:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1951:1-86948-815-6
1947:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1932:0-90898-860-5
1928:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1913:1-74114-045-5
1909:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1747:9781742230788
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1707:Bean, Charles
1704:
1700:
1698:0-89839-175-X
1694:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1606:
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1599:
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1579:
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1570:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1149:Cyril Bassett
1146:
1138:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1119:Commemoration
1118:
1116:
1107:
1106:16th Division
1095:
1094:19th Division
1083:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
985:13th Division
982:
978:
975:
966:
959:
957:
954:
948:
946:
945:Mustafa Kemal
942:
937:
930:
922:
918:
914:
911:
907:
903:
898:
895:
891:
889:
880:
875:
871:
867:
860:
856:
840:
833:
829:
826:Chunuk Bair (
825:
823:
821:
817:
808:
805:
795:
793:
788:
786:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
762:
760:
748:
741:
736:
734:
732:
728:
727:Mustafa Kemal
720:
718:
712:
708:
690:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
659:
654:
652:
646:
642:
638:
629:
625:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
591:
588:
580:
578:
575:
570:
568:
567:Mustafa Kemal
564:
560:
552:
548:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
451:Scimitar Hill
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
426:
422:
420:
419:
415:
413:
412:
408:
406:
405:
401:
399:
398:
394:
392:
391:
387:
385:
384:
380:
378:
377:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
345:
341:
339:
338:
334:
333:
330:
325:
315:
310:
308:
303:
301:
296:
295:
292:
283:
281:12,000–13,000
280:
279:
274:
269:
265:
264:19th Division
262:
259:
258:
253:
250:
245:
239:
234:
229:
227:
222:
217:
216:
211:
203:
202:German Empire
192:
191:
190:
189:
177:
172:
160:
157:
145:
143:
132:
131:
130:
129:
117:
116:
111:
103:
100:
99:
95:
91:
88:Chunuk Bair,
86:
83:
82:
78:
75:
74:
70:
64:
59:
56:
52:
47:
42:
37:
33:
19:
4954:26°18′30.6″E
4944:
4930:
4707:Mughar Ridge
4697:Wadi el Hesi
4637:Jebel Hamlin
4506:
4338:İmroz (Elli)
4120:
4113:
4101:
3708: /
3640:
3475:Conscription
3439:Cryptography
3376:Iraqi Revolt
2803:Siege of Kut
2746:
2324:participants
2273:German Samoa
2207:South Arabia
1978:
1960:
1941:
1922:
1903:
1884:
1865:
1848:
1819:
1806:. Retrieved
1802:
1787:. Retrieved
1783:
1768:. Retrieved
1737:
1711:
1688:
1666:
1654:
1642:. Retrieved
1638:
1629:
1617:
1605:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1557:
1535:Cameron 2009
1530:
1518:
1511:Cameron 2009
1506:
1499:Cameron 2009
1494:
1487:Cameron 2009
1482:
1468:
1461:Cameron 2009
1456:
1449:Cameron 2009
1444:
1437:Cameron 2009
1432:
1425:Cameron 2009
1420:
1413:Cameron 2009
1408:
1401:Cameron 2009
1396:
1389:Cameron 2009
1374:Cameron 2009
1369:
1362:Cameron 2009
1357:
1350:Cameron 2009
1345:
1333:
1326:Cameron 2009
1311:Cameron 2009
1306:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1258:
1225:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1167:
1158:
1142:
1122:
1102:6,930 losses
1082:Charles Bean
1080:
1064:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1027:
981:38th Brigade
971:
949:
938:
931:
923:
919:
915:
899:
896:
892:
876:
872:
868:
847:
831:
828:Çanak Bayırı
827:
815:
809:
796:
791:
789:
763:
755:
724:
691:
663:
624:Ian Hamilton
621:
571:
516:
507:
475:
473:
445:
423:
416:
409:
402:
395:
388:
381:
374:
365:Gully Ravine
342:
335:
268:9th Division
178:
118:
113:Belligerents
49:Part of the
36:
4966: /
4951:40°15′7.2″N
4502:Anafartalar
4385:(1914–1918)
4373:2nd Çatalca
4323:1st Çatalca
4288:Kirk Kilise
4258:Sarantaporo
4251:(1912–1913)
4249:Balkan Wars
4219:Kunfuda Bay
4197:(1911–1912)
3738:Netherlands
3715:Switzerland
3596:Occupations
3587:Spanish flu
3364:(1919–1922)
3358:(1918–1921)
3352:(1918–1923)
3341:(1919–1921)
3335:(1919–1921)
3329:(1919–1920)
3305:(1918–1920)
3299:(1918–1920)
3293:(1918–1920)
3275:(1918–1920)
3257:(1918–1920)
3251:(1917–1921)
3245:(1917–1921)
3192:(1916-1918)
3190:Arab Revolt
3181:(1915–1917)
3175:(1915–1917)
3163:(1914-1917)
3157:(1914–1917)
3151:(1914–1921)
3145:(1913–1920)
3133:(1910–1920)
3127:(1900–1920)
3100: [
2618:July Crisis
2539:(1880–1914)
2202:Mesopotamia
2080:Home fronts
2039:World War I
1644:12 November
1175:Chunuk Bair
1160:New Zealand
1030:Herbert Cox
832:Conk Bayırı
508:Conk Bayırı
504:Çanak Bayır
488:World War I
446:Chunuk Bair
360:3rd Krithia
355:2nd Krithia
350:1st Krithia
156:New Zealand
55:World War I
18:Chunuk Bair
4981:Categories
4907:Khan Ayash
4812:Abu Tellul
4772:Karakilisa
4767:Sardarabad
4732:Tell 'Asur
4597:Bir el Abd
4407:Suez Canal
4397:Sarikamish
4298:Lüleburgaz
3955:Agreements
3755:War crimes
3631:Luxembourg
3524:Casualties
2395:Montenegro
2230:South West
2110:Technology
2100:Propaganda
2090:Opposition
1680:References
1338:Olson 2006
1110:18,000 men
1077:Casualties
1009:Hampshires
1001:Wiltshires
698:10:30 p.m.
694:10:30 p.m.
678:F. C. Shaw
581:Background
574:Anzac Cove
260:15,000 men
4912:2nd Amman
4817:2nd Arara
4747:1st Amman
4717:Jerusalem
4712:Ayun Kara
4677:Khuweilfe
4672:Beersheba
4667:Wadi Musa
4652:Istabulat
4567:Trebizond
4542:Sağ Sahil
4512:Sarıbayır
4507:Conkbayır
4482:Manzikert
4477:Zığındere
4472:3rd Kirte
4462:No.3 Post
4457:2nd Kirte
4442:1st Kirte
3852:Diplomacy
3559:Olympians
3482:Australia
3449:Logistics
3382:Vlora War
3311:(1918–19)
3287:(1918–19)
3281:(1918–19)
3269:(1918–19)
3216:(1916–17)
3198:(1916–17)
3149:Zaian War
3139:(1914–15)
2859:first day
2747:Lusitania
2575:(1912–13)
2569:(1911–12)
2557:(1908–09)
2551:(1905–06)
2533:(1870–71)
2322:Principal
2182:Gallipoli
2085:Memorials
2070:Geography
2060:Aftermath
1988:221427142
1857:464479053
1756:647917261
1709:(1941) .
1251:Bean 1941
1234:Footnotes
1228:Gallipoli
1217:PJ Harvey
1215:Musician
1056:Aftermath
441:Lone Pine
431:Sari Bair
411:No.3 Post
142:Australia
90:Gallipoli
4882:Damascus
4862:Tiberias
4842:Nazareth
4792:Binagadi
4787:Kurdamir
4682:3rd Gaza
4647:2nd Gaza
4642:1st Gaza
4632:Samarrah
4607:Magdhaba
4577:Erzincan
4437:Baby 700
4333:Merhamli
4318:Monastir
4283:Kumanovo
4278:Sorovich
4214:Benghazi
4140:Category
3727:Refugees
3693:Italians
3682:Germans
3642:Ober Ost
3422:Aviation
2516:Timeline
2487:Bulgaria
2268:Tsingtao
2245:Togoland
2192:Caucasus
2127:European
2119:Theatres
1808:9 August
1789:6 August
1770:6 August
1729:39157087
1671:CBW 2001
1622:NZH 2005
1610:MWM 2005
1199:Archived
1098:Baby 700
1061:Analysis
1011:and 6th
997:Warwicks
995:and 9th
960:The Farm
953:New Army
910:pioneers
908:and the
715:Hill 971
703:Baby 700
649:Hill 971
637:IX Corps
632:Hill 971
486:) was a
461:Hill 800
418:Baby 700
255:Strength
84:Location
4917:Haritan
4897:Sharqat
4832:Tulkarm
4822:Megiddo
4777:Goychay
4727:Jericho
4687:Baghdad
4627:2nd Kut
4537:1st Kut
4522:Hill 60
4427:Kumkale
4402:Ardahan
4358:Bolayır
4343:Korytsa
4263:Yenidje
4204:Preveza
3878:Germany
3778:Germany
3706:Germany
3626:Belgium
3611:Albania
3570:Disease
3550:Sports
3502:Ireland
3415:Warfare
3408:Aspects
2596:Origins
2589:Prelude
2492:Senussi
2472:Germany
2467:Leaders
2405:Romania
2346:Belgium
2341:Leaders
2240:Kamerun
2222:African
2157:Romania
2135:Balkans
2050:Outline
1162:writer
1104:in the
983:of the
924:By 5:00
680:), the
655:Prelude
521:of the
500:Turkish
492:Ottoman
480:Turkish
456:Hill 60
436:The Nek
383:Kumkale
4902:Aleppo
4877:Kaukab
4857:Samakh
4827:Tabsor
4762:Abaran
4662:Ramadi
4592:Romani
4587:Bitlis
4368:Bizani
4363:Şarköy
4348:Lemnos
4313:Himara
4308:Prilep
4239:Zanzur
4234:Rhodes
4229:Beirut
4209:Tobruk
3898:Russia
3873:France
3701:Canada
3616:Serbia
3487:Canada
3444:Horses
3396:(1921)
3390:(1920)
3384:(1920)
3378:(1920)
3370:(1920)
3323:(1919)
3317:(1919)
3263:(1918)
3228:(1918)
3222:(1917)
3210:(1916)
3204:(1916)
3169:(1915)
2581:(1913)
2563:(1911)
2545:(1905)
2502:Darfur
2427:Serbia
2410:Russia
2373:Greece
2361:France
2351:Brazil
2197:Persia
2140:Serbia
2003:NZ map
1986:
1980:Graves
1967:
1948:
1929:
1910:
1891:
1872:
1855:
1827:
1754:
1744:
1727:
1695:
1034:
934:
926:
883:
863:
851:
812:
799:
737:Battle
643:), at
616:, and
555:
543:
199:
185:
168:
153:
139:
125:
101:Result
4887:Kiswe
4867:Irbid
4852:Haifa
4847:Jenin
4802:Arsuf
4782:Aghsu
4742:Hijla
4722:Jaffa
4657:Aqaba
4617:Nekhl
4602:Yanbu
4582:Aqaba
4572:Mecca
4562:Sabis
4417:Katya
4224:Derna
4095:Other
3888:Japan
3883:Italy
3710:camps
3554:Rugby
3104:]
2383:Japan
2378:Italy
2356:China
2250:North
792:deres
645:Suvla
284:9,200
4797:Baku
4612:Rafa
4552:Wadi
3675:POWs
2994:1918
2896:1917
2822:1916
2723:1915
2627:1914
2432:Siam
2235:East
1984:OCLC
1965:ISBN
1946:ISBN
1927:ISBN
1908:ISBN
1889:ISBN
1870:ISBN
1853:OCLC
1825:ISBN
1810:2020
1791:2005
1772:2008
1752:OCLC
1742:ISBN
1725:OCLC
1693:ISBN
1646:2018
1143:One
1092:the
849:7:30
816:from
776:and
764:The
474:The
76:Date
4931:see
4702:Huj
53:of
4983::
3102:It
1801:.
1782:.
1750:.
1723:.
1715:.
1637:.
1542:^
1381:^
1318:^
1241:^
1223:.
1205:)
1190:.
651:.
612:,
608:,
604:,
600:,
569:.
525:,
514:.
502::
482::
92:,
4174:e
4167:t
4160:v
3526:/
2031:e
2024:t
2017:v
1990:.
1973:.
1954:.
1935:.
1916:.
1897:.
1878:.
1859:.
1833:.
1812:.
1793:.
1774:.
1758:.
1731:.
1701:.
1673:.
1648:.
1624:.
1612:.
1178:(
834:)
830:/
478:(
313:e
306:t
299:v
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
