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40:
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1063:), fired by wood, coal or dried cow dung. In households where members observed vegetarianism, separate kitchens were maintained to cook and store vegetarian and non-vegetarian food. Religious families often treat the kitchen as a sacred space. Indian kitchens are built on an Indian architectural science called vastushastra. The Indian kitchen vastu is of utmost importance while designing kitchens in India. Modern-day architects also follow the norms of vastushastra while designing Indian kitchens across the world.
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133:, educational and workplace facilities, army barracks, and similar establishments. These kitchens are generally larger and equipped with bigger and more heavy-duty equipment than a residential kitchen. For example, a large restaurant may have a huge walk-in refrigerator and a large commercial dishwasher machine. In some instances, commercial kitchen equipment such as commercial sinks is used in household settings as it offers ease of use for food preparation and high durability.
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kitchen, it makes the stove accessible from all sides such that two persons can cook together, and allows for contact with guests or the rest of the family since the cook does not face the wall any more. Additionally, the kitchen island's counter-top can function as an overflow surface for serving buffet-style meals or sitting down to eat breakfast and snacks.
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589:(also known as a one-way galley or a straight-line kitchen) has all of these along one wall; the work triangle degenerates to a line. This is not optimal, but often the only solution if space is restricted. This may be common in an attic space that is being converted into a living space, or a studio apartment.
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While many kitchens belonging to poor families continue to use clay stoves and the older forms of fuel, the urban middle and upper classes usually have gas stoves with cylinders or piped gas attached. Electric cooktops are rarer since they consume a great deal of electricity, but microwave ovens are
1054:
In India, a kitchen is called a "Rasoi" (in Hindi\Sanskrit) or a "Swayampak ghar" in
Marathi, and there exist many other names for it in the various regional languages. Many different methods of cooking exist across the country, and the structure and the materials used in constructing kitchens have
169:
had an open fire under the highest point of the building. The "kitchen area" was between the entrance and the fireplace. In wealthy homes, there was typically more than one kitchen. In some homes, there were upwards of three kitchens. The kitchens were divided based on the types of food prepared in
573:
was formalized: the three main functions in a kitchen are storage, preparation, and cooking (which
Catharine Beecher had already recognized), and the places for these functions should be arranged in the kitchen in such a way that work at one place does not interfere with work at another place, the
959:
The most common cooking equipment in
Chinese family kitchens and restaurant kitchens are woks, steamer baskets and pots. The fuel or heating resource was also an important technique to practice the cooking skills. Traditionally Chinese were using wood or straw as the fuel to cook food. A Chinese
558:
While this "work kitchen" and variants derived from it were a great success for tenement buildings, homeowners had different demands and did not want to be constrained by a 6.4-square-metre (69 sq ft) kitchen. Nevertheless, the kitchen design was mostly ad-hoc following the whims of the
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projects in 1926. This kitchen measured 1.9 by 3.4 metres (6 ft 3 in by 11 ft 2 in), and was built to optimize kitchen efficiency and lower building costs. The design was the result of detailed time-motion studies and interviews with future tenants to identify what they needed
281:
or MDF, decorated with a variety of materials and finishes including wood veneers, lacquer, glass, melamine, laminate, ceramic and eco gloss. Very few manufacturers produce home built-in kitchens from stainless steel. Until the 1950s, steel kitchens were used by architects, but this material was
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is a more recent development, typically found in open kitchens. Here, the stove or both the stove and the sink are placed where an L or U kitchen would have a table, in a free-standing "island", separated from the other cabinets. In a closed room, this does not make much sense, but in an open
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As of 2017, restaurant kitchens usually have tiled walls and floors and use stainless steel for other surfaces (workbench, but also door and drawer fronts) because these materials are durable and easy to clean. Professional kitchens are often equipped with gas stoves, as these allow
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has cabinets along three walls, like the U-kitchen, and also a partial fourth wall, often with a double basin sink at the corner of the G shape. The G-kitchen provides additional work and storage space and can support two work triangles. A modified version of the G-kitchen is the
652:. Such areas are called "breakfast areas", "breakfast nooks" or "breakfast bars" if space is integrated into a kitchen counter. Kitchens with enough space to eat in are sometimes called "eat-in kitchens". During the 2000s, flat pack kitchens were popular for people doing
513:. The design included regular shelves on the walls, ample workspace, and dedicated storage areas for various food items. Beecher even separated the functions of preparing food and cooking it altogether by moving the stove into a compartment adjacent to the kitchen.
672:
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have presented special challenges: space is limited, and, personnel must be able to serve a great number of meals quickly. Especially in the early history of railways, this required flawless organization of processes; in modern times, the
663:. This typically differs from a normal domestic kitchen by having multiple ovens (possibly of different kinds for different kinds of cooking), multiple sinks, and warming drawers to keep food heated between cooking and service.
759:
trends have changed the manner in which restaurant kitchens operate. Some of these type restaurants may only "finish" convenience food that is delivered to them or just reheat completely prepared meals. At the most they may
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annually about the family's behavior. On
Chinese New Year's Eve, families would gather to pray for the kitchen god to give a good report to heaven and wish him to bring back good news on the fifth day of the New Year.
173:
The kitchen might be separate from the great hall due to the smoke from cooking fires and the chance the fires may get out of control. Few medieval kitchens survive as they were "notoriously ephemeral structures".
728:'s "energy saving stove", an early 19th-century fully closed iron stove using one fire to heat several pots, was designed for large kitchens; another thirty years passed before they were adapted for domestic use.
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that involve kamado as it was considered the symbol of a house and the term could even be used to mean "family" or "household" (similar to the
English word "hearth"). When separating a family, it was called
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has cabinets along three walls, typically with the sink at the base of the "U". This is a typical work kitchen, too, unless the two other cabinet rows are short enough to place a table on the fourth wall.
772:. But in the early 21st century, c-stores (convenience stores) are attracting greater market share by performing more food preparation on-site and better customer service than some fast food outlets.
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renovating on a budget. The flat pack kitchens industry makes it easy to put together and mix and matching doors, bench tops and cabinets. In flat pack systems, many components can be interchanged.
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and solar energy as fuel. World's largest solar energy kitchen is built in India. In association with government bodies, India is encouraging domestic biogas plants to support the kitchen system.
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might be placed near a well, water pump, or water tap, and it might provide tables for food preparation and cooking (using portable camp stoves). Some campsite kitchen areas have a large tank of
603:, the cabinets occupy two adjacent walls. Again, the work triangle is preserved, and there may even be space for an additional table at a third wall, provided it does not intersect the triangle.
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was founded in 1944 with the goal to improve the state of the art in home building, originally with an emphasis on standardization for cost reduction. It was there that the notion of the
644:
In the 1980s, there was a backlash against industrial kitchen planning and cabinets with people installing a mix of work surfaces and free standing furniture, led by kitchen designer
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has two rows of cabinets on opposite walls, one containing the stove and the sink, the other the refrigerator. This is the classical work kitchen and makes efficient use of space.
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chef had to master flaming and heat radiation to reliably prepare traditional recipes. Chinese cooking will use a pot or wok for pan-frying, stir-frying, deep frying or boiling.
1458:(University of Virginia Press; 2011); 288 pages; Explores the history of American houses through a focus on spaces for food preparation, cooking, consumption, and disposal.
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principles of efficiency, presented detailed time-motion studies, and derived a kitchen design from them. Her ideas were taken up in the 1920s by architects in
Germany and
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to regulate the heat more quickly and more finely than electrical stoves. Some special appliances are typical for professional kitchens, such as large installed
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Outdoor areas where food is prepared are generally not considered kitchens, even though an outdoor area set up for regular food preparation, for instance when
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and his concept of the "unfitted kitchen". Modern kitchens often have enough informal space to allow for people to eat in it without having to use the formal
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Creighton, Oliver; Christie, Neil (2015), "The
Archaeology of Wallingford Castle: a summary of the current state of knowledge", in Keats-Rohan, K. S. B.;
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This observation led to a few common kitchen forms, commonly characterized by the arrangement of the kitchen cabinets and sink, stove, and refrigerator:
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laws. They are inspected periodically by public-health officials, and forced to close if they do not meet hygienic requirements mandated by law.
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varied depending on the region. For example, in the north and central India, cooking used to be carried out in clay ovens called "chulha" (also
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laws. They are inspected periodically by public health officials and forced to close if they do not meet hygienic requirements mandated by law.
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98:, and other electric appliances. The main functions of a kitchen are to store, prepare and cook food (and to complete related tasks such as
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Domestic (or residential) kitchen design is a relatively recent discipline. The first ideas to optimize the work in the kitchen go back to
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The
Frankfurt Kitchen of 1926 was made of several materials depending on the application. The modern built-in kitchens of today use
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717:, educational and workplace facilities, army barracks, and similar institutions are generally (in developed countries) subject to
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622:, which splits the G into two L-shaped components, essentially adding a smaller L-shaped island or peninsula to the L-kitchen.
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from their kitchens. Schütte-Lihotzky's fitted kitchen was built in some 10,000 apartments in housing projects erected in
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224:. The inventory lists goods in the house "over the kittchin" and "in the kittchin". The items listed in the kitchen were:
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in a dwelling or in a commercial establishment. A modern middle-class residential kitchen is typically equipped with a
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distance between these places is not unnecessarily large, and no obstacles are in the way. A natural arrangement is a
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published from 1913 a series of articles on "New
Household Management" in which she analyzed the kitchen following
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Renaissance kitchen was driven automatically by a propeller—the black cloverleaf-like structure in the upper left
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1270:, The Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph Series, Oxford: Society for Medieval Archaeology, p. 201,
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Canteen kitchens (and castle kitchens) were often the places where new technology was used first. For instance,
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connected to burners so that campers can cook their meals. Military camps and similar temporary settlements of
854:, and sealed in plastic pouches before the flight. The kitchen is reduced to a rehydration and heating module.
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563:, the "Small Homes Council", since 1993 the "Building Research Council", of the School of Architecture of the
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In larger homes, where the owners might have meals prepared by a household staff member, the home may have a
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are taught, there are typically a series of kitchens with multiple equipment (similar in some respects to
543:, which was completed in 1923. Similar design principles were employed by Schütte-Lihotzky for her famous
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gaining popularity in urban households and commercial enterprises. Indian kitchens are also supported by
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Kinchin, Juliet and Aidan O'Connor, Counter Space: Design and the Modern
Kitchen (MoMA: New York, 2011)
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in 1869). Beecher's "model kitchen" propagated for the first time a systematic design based on early
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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220:. One early record of a kitchen is found in the 1648 inventory of the estate of a John Porter of
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892:) solely for the purpose of teaching. These consist of multiple workstations, each with its own
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Transforming Townscapes: From burgh to borough: the archaeology of Wallingford, AD 800–1400
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displaced by the cheaper particle board panels sometimes decorated with a steel surface.
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may have dedicated kitchen tents, which have a vent to enable cooking smoke to escape.
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114:. The design and construction of kitchens is a huge market all over the world.
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1173:"The Pros and Cons of Using A Commercial Sink at Home – Home Decor Expert and"
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208:, kitchens were often built as separate rooms and were located behind the
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998:(台所; lit. "kitchen"). Daidokoro is the place where food is prepared in a
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861:, might be referred to as an "outdoor kitchen". An outdoor kitchen at a
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The Food Axis: Cooking, Eating, and the Architecture of American Houses
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830:. The crew's role is to heat and serve in-flight meals delivered by a
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361: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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4418:
4381:
4371:
4294:
4287:
4243:
4170:
1223:"What Should Be Done Following Health Violations From an Inspection?"
1133:
1068:
979:
827:
229:
209:
158:
136:
In developed countries, commercial kitchens are generally subject to
103:
787:
and prepared meals have made this task much easier. Kitchens aboard
578:, with the refrigerator, the sink, and the stove at a vertex each.
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5894:
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807:, galleys are often cramped, with one or two burners fueled by an
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653:
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1027:(lit. "break the stove") means that the family was bankrupt.
1534:
951:
watches over the kitchen for the family and reports to the
406:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1324:. Vol. 1. Hartford, Brown & Parsons. p. 476.
1321:
The Public Records of the Colony of Connecticut 1636–1776
939:. More than 3000 years ago, the ancient Chinese used the
834:
company. An extreme form of the kitchen occurs in space,
5145:
1298:, BAR British Series, Oxford: Archaeopress, p. 13,
501:(1843, revised and republished together with her sister
27:
Space primarily used for preparation and storage of food
412:
1480:
The Bathroom, the Kitchen, and the Aesthetics of Waste
947:
and pot used today. In Chinese spiritual tradition, a
252:
A stepping stone to the modern fitted kitchen was the
1492:
The Bathroom, the Kitchen and the Aesthetics of Waste
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1721:
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1398:"World's Largest 38500-meal Solar Kitchen in India"
943:for cooking food. The ding was developed into the
555:, a social housing project in Frankfurt, in 1927.
1500:; Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers; (November 2004);
1353:"Bauhaus at 100: its legacy in five key designs"
539:, who designed the first fitted kitchen for the
1296:Wallingford: The Castle and the Town in Context
1203:"The commercial kitchen at home: pros and cons"
842:(where it is also called the "galley") or the
5161:
4110:
1550:
978:Reconstruction of a 1832 Japanese kitchen in
934:
8:
1443:Household and City Organization at Olynthus
324:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5168:
5154:
5146:
4117:
4103:
4095:
1557:
1543:
1535:
565:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
850:' food is generally completely prepared,
453:Learn how and when to remove this message
435:Learn how and when to remove this message
377:Learn how and when to remove this message
102:). The room or area may also be used for
1034:
973:
912:
682:
469:Beecher's "model kitchen" brought early
1482:, Princeton Architectural Press; 1996;
1164:
1039:Preparation of bread in the kitchen of
594:double-file kitchen (or two-way galley)
244:and "other implements about the room".
1530:Photo History of the Kitchen 1860–1960
1262:; Creighton, Oliver; Edgeworth, Matt;
3744:Historical North Indian and Pakistani
7:
6147:
4049:
1014:) and there are many sayings in the
359:adding citations to reliable sources
106:(or small meals such as breakfast),
4069:
1378:Blank, Christine (9 January 2014).
78:with hot and cold running water, a
1078:Outdoor kitchen in Takoradi, Ghana
1023:, which means "divide the stove".
25:
6102:Lists of food and beverage topics
876:In schools where home economics,
305:This section has multiple issues.
117:Commercial kitchens are found in
6146:
6137:
6136:
5129:
5128:
4078:
4068:
4058:
4048:
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4027:
4015:
1516:
1336:Modernist triumph in the kitchen
1103:
1089:
393:
335:
294:
4079:
1498:Encyclopedia of Kitchen History
346:needs additional citations for
313:or discuss these issues on the
3734:Historical Indian subcontinent
1478:Lupton, E. and Miller, J. A.:
1334:Rawsthorn, Alice (2010-09-27)
826:, the kitchen is reduced to a
499:A Treatise on Domestic Economy
1:
1318:Trumbull, J. Hammond (1850).
994:Kitchens in Japan are called
933:Kitchens in China are called
182:
1454:Cromley, Elizabeth Collins.
1380:"C-Stores Eating Your Lunch"
1179:. 2018-06-14. Archived from
1006:, a kitchen was also called
6114:Outline of food preparation
3918:List of historical cuisines
3754:History of alcoholic drinks
1771:Lowcountry (South Carolina)
1351:Moore, Rowan (2019-01-21).
1201:Vogel, Carol (1982-12-09).
844:International Space Station
82:, and worktops and kitchen
62:or part of a room used for
6204:
6183:Food and drink preparation
3205:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
967:
928:Shikumen Open House Museum
533:Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky
258:Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky
236:, iron, arms, ammunition,
200:, as in other colonies of
157:The roasting spit in this
29:
6132:
5124:
4010:
1437:The American Woman's Home
1433:The American Woman's Home
1245:Thompson, Theodor (1992)
935:
799:are often referred to as
637:block kitchen (or island)
507:The American Woman's Home
286:Domestic kitchen planning
90:. Many households have a
5514:Eating utensil etiquette
4838:Multi-family residential
3824:Scottish royal household
3769:History of vegetarianism
2007:Central African Republic
165:Early medieval European
86:arranged according to a
32:Kitchen (disambiguation)
1294:; Roffe, David (eds.),
6188:Restaurant terminology
5402:Service à la française
3749:History of agriculture
1463:The Kitchen in History
1079:
1051:
1041:Gurudwara Bangla Sahib
991:
930:
880:(previously known as "
699:
680:
631:
490:
474:
473:principles to the home
415:by rewriting it in an
188:
162:
51:
43:An early-20th century
5277:Apéritif and digestif
3719:Early modern European
3447:Indigenous Australian
3006:São Tomé and Príncipe
1893:Bosnian-Herzegovinian
1525:at Wikimedia Commons
1249:, Sampson Lowel House
1077:
1038:
977:
916:
686:
674:
629:
570:kitchen work triangle
503:Harriet Beecher Stowe
480:
468:
180:
156:
42:
5948:Online food ordering
3882:Molecular gastronomy
3814:Pre-contact Hawaiian
3724:Historical Argentine
3610:Mangalorean Catholic
1791:Pacific Northwestern
917:A traditional 1920s
811:bottle. Kitchens on
691:training kitchen of
355:improve this article
222:Windsor, Connecticut
30:For other uses, see
5561:Korean table d'hôte
5372:Conveyor belt sushi
4284: / Guest room
3739:Historical Japanese
3574:Transylvanian Saxon
3442:Indigenous American
1149:Kitchen ventilation
587:single-file kitchen
517:Christine Frederick
5953:Virtual restaurant
5776:Blue-plate special
5407:Service à la russe
5387:Full-course dinner
4760:Servants' quarters
3819:Korean royal court
3764:History of seafood
3729:Historical Chinese
3704:Antebellum America
3544:Pennsylvania Dutch
2156:Equatorial Guinean
2126:Dominican Republic
1496:Snodgrass, M. E.:
1208:The New York Times
1119:Cooking techniques
1080:
1052:
992:
931:
709:kitchens found in
700:
681:
632:
559:architect. In the
491:
475:
417:encyclopedic style
404:is written like a
189:
181:Kitchen interior,
163:
52:
47:-style kitchen in
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6159:
5725:Instant breakfast
5705:Emergency rations
5453:Food presentation
5422:Table reservation
5143:
5142:
4561:Janitorial closet
4295:Bedsit / Miniflat
4092:
4091:
3834:Thirteen Colonies
3694:Ancient Israelite
2894:Papua New Guinean
1692:Intercontinental
1521:Media related to
1441:Cahill, Nicolas.
1429:Beecher Stowe, H.
1305:978-1-4073-1418-1
1277:978-1-909662-09-4
1177:Home Decor Expert
1016:Japanese language
726:Benjamin Thompson
545:Frankfurt kitchen
495:Catharine Beecher
483:Frankfurt kitchen
463:
462:
455:
445:
444:
437:
387:
386:
379:
328:
254:Frankfurt Kitchen
16:(Redirected from
6195:
6150:
6149:
6140:
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6109:Meal preparation
5781:Combination meal
5690:Convenience food
5339:Meal replacement
5201:Second breakfast
5170:
5163:
5156:
5147:
5132:
5131:
5101:Home improvement
4873:Studio apartment
4665:Kitchen-related
4341:Conversation pit
4128:and spaces of a
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4072:
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4062:
4052:
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4042:
4041:
4034:Drink portal
4032:
4031:
4030:
4020:
4019:
4000:Meal preparation
3913:List of cuisines
3759:History of bread
3684:Ancient Egyptian
3661:Ritual slaughter
3519:Louisiana Creole
3457:Italian American
3276:African American
2265:Greek Macedonian
1559:
1552:
1545:
1536:
1520:
1465:, Osprey; 1972;
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1400:. Archived from
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1227:www.fooddocs.com
1219:
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1154:Universal design
1113:
1108:
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1094:
1093:
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1025:Kamado wo yaburu
1021:Kamado wo wakeru
970:Japanese kitchen
938:
937:
882:domestic science
775:The kitchens in
757:convenience food
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206:Colonial America
192:Colonial America
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68:food preparation
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5535:Regional styles
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5448:Eating utensils
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5179:
5174:
5144:
5139:
5135:Category: Rooms
5120:
5064:
4885:
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4843:Secondary suite
4794:
4669:butler's pantry
4641:
4584:Mechanical room
4537:Electrical room
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4314:
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4232:Recreation room
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4022:Food portal
4014:
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3291:Arab-Indonesian
3264:
3245:Western Saharan
2717:Liechtensteiner
2282:Guinea-Bissauan
1918:Channel Islands
1806:Southwestern US
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1419:Further reading
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1144:Kitchen utensil
1139:Hoosier cabinet
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972:
966:
926:style kitchen,
911:
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878:food technology
689:food technology
669:
630:A block kitchen
547:, designed for
527:, most notably
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448:
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413:help improve it
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279:particle boards
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248:Rationalization
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6045:Coffee culture
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5845:Communal meals
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5811:Suspended meal
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5604:Meat and three
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5412:Silver service
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4755:Servants' hall
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4544:
4542:Equipment room
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4509:
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4458:
4456:Secret passage
4453:
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3930:
3923:Lists of foods
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3400:Greek-American
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3292:
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3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
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3261:
3258:
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3253:
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3248:
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3211:
3208:
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3201:
3198:
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3169:
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3141:
3139:
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3114:
3112:
3109:
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3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3056:South African
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:Saudi Arabian
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
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2800:
2797:
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2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:Luxembourgish
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2666:
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2648:
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2638:
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2599:
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2579:
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2572:
2569:
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2564:
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2534:
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2527:
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2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2447:Uttar Pradesh
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2382:Maharashtrian
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2342:Chhattisgarhi
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
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2258:
2256:
2253:
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2248:
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2243:
2241:
2238:
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2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2136:East Timorese
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
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1916:
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1910:
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1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1776:Midwestern US
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1747:
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1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1706:Mediterranean
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1677:
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1596:
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1578:
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1571:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1506:1-57958-380-6
1503:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1488:1-56898-096-5
1485:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1471:0-85045-068-3
1468:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1450:0-300-08495-1
1447:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1404:on 2019-03-30
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1371:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1331:
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1322:
1314:
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1279:
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1255:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1183:on 2019-03-30
1182:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1129:Dirty kitchen
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1101:
1098:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
989:
985:
981:
976:
971:
963:
961:
957:
954:
950:
946:
942:
929:
925:
924:
920:
915:
908:
903:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
886:culinary arts
883:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
840:Space Shuttle
837:
833:
829:
825:
822:On passenger
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
781:
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
729:
727:
722:
720:
719:public health
716:
712:
708:
704:
698:
694:
690:
685:
678:
673:
666:
664:
662:
657:
655:
651:
647:
638:
634:
633:
628:
621:
616:
612:
609:
605:
602:
598:
595:
591:
588:
584:
583:
582:
579:
577:
572:
571:
566:
562:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
488:
484:
479:
472:
467:
457:
454:
439:
436:
428:
418:
414:
408:
407:
402:This section
400:
391:
390:
381:
378:
370:
360:
356:
350:
349:
344:This section
342:
338:
333:
332:
327:
325:
318:
317:
312:
311:
306:
301:
292:
291:
285:
283:
280:
272:
270:
268:
263:
259:
255:
247:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:silver spoons
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
191:
179:
175:
171:
168:
160:
155:
148:
143:
141:
139:
138:public health
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
50:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6014:Soup kitchen
6004:Picnic table
5993:
5905:Soup kitchen
5821:Tasting menu
5816:Table d'hôte
5740:Packed lunch
5715:Field ration
5680:Airline meal
5473:Serving size
5468:Pièce montée
5431:Presentation
5417:Small plates
5288:Amuse-bouche
5286:
5211:Coffee break
5184:Common meals
5013:Roof lantern
4765:Smoking room
4735:Long gallery
4715:Drawing room
4701:Conservatory
4608:Storm cellar
4579:Storage room
4575:Utility room
4571:Laundry room
4547:Furnace room
4185:
4138:Shared rooms
3887:Note by Note
3865:New American
3554:Pontic Greek
3435:South Indian
3430:North Indian
3101:Extremaduran
2991:Saint Lucian
2665:South Korean
2660:North Korean
2524:Palembangese
2452:Uttarakhandi
1938:Saint Helena
1928:Gibraltarian
1796:Puerto Rican
1515:
1497:
1479:
1462:
1455:
1442:
1432:
1406:. Retrieved
1402:the original
1392:
1384:QSR Magazine
1383:
1373:
1362:. Retrieved
1358:The Guardian
1356:
1346:
1339:
1330:
1320:
1313:
1295:
1285:
1267:
1254:
1246:
1241:
1230:. Retrieved
1226:
1217:
1206:
1196:
1185:. Retrieved
1181:the original
1176:
1167:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1024:
1020:
1007:
1002:. Until the
995:
993:
958:
953:Jade Emperor
932:
921:
919:Shanghainese
890:laboratories
875:
856:
835:
821:
813:cruise ships
774:
750:
730:
723:
701:
660:
658:
643:
636:
619:
614:
607:
600:
593:
586:
580:
568:
557:
552:
541:Haus am Horn
515:
506:
498:
492:
449:
431:
425:January 2024
422:
403:
373:
367:January 2024
364:
353:Please help
348:verification
345:
321:
314:
308:
307:Please help
304:
276:
251:
214:keeping room
195:
172:
164:
135:
116:
108:entertaining
80:refrigerator
55:
53:
36:
6124:Tea culture
6019:Street food
5979:Dining room
5825:Degustation
5806:School meal
5791:Free refill
5720:Frozen meal
5644:Smörgåsbord
5619:Plate lunch
5443:Dining room
5382:Finger food
5367:smörgåsbord
5309:Main course
5106:Home repair
4903:Belt course
4811:Hidden room
4740:Lumber room
4656:Antechamber
4647:Great house
4627:Wine cellar
4598:Root cellar
4551:Boiler room
4532:Crawl space
4203:Living room
4196:kitchenette
4181:Home cinema
4166:Family room
4161:Dining room
4151:Common room
4074:WikiProject
3654:Kosher food
3036:Singaporean
3026:Seychellois
3001:Sammarinese
2884:Palestinian
2844:New Zealand
2814:Montenegrin
2784:Mauritanian
2779:Marshallese
2591:Piedmontese
2519:Minangkabau
2489:Gorontalese
2270:Heptanesean
2186:Kapampangan
2109:Greenlandic
1985:Cameroonian
1853:Bangladeshi
1843:Azerbaijani
1801:Southern US
1786:New Mexican
1781:New English
1756:Californian
1573:Continental
1111:Food portal
1010:(かまど; lit.
949:Kitchen God
936:chúfáng(厨房)
838:, aboard a
780:dining cars
738:deep fryers
667:Other types
650:dining room
646:Johnny Grey
537:Benita Otte
218:dining room
202:New England
198:Connecticut
186: 1565
149:Middle Ages
119:restaurants
100:dishwashing
45:Art Nouveau
6167:Categories
6009:Restaurant
5984:Food truck
5915:Tableround
5870:Commercium
5835:Value menu
5830:Value meal
5801:Kids' meal
5796:Happy hour
5786:Free lunch
5771:À la carte
5764:meal deals
5745:Space food
5735:Ninja diet
5634:Rijsttafel
5571:Dastarkhān
5504:Dress code
5483:Tablecloth
5463:Nyotaimori
5265:Components
5116:Tree house
5086:Front yard
5018:Sill plate
4966:Foundation
4908:Bressummer
4821:house plan
4790:Undercroft
4775:State room
4725:Great hall
4694:still room
4361:dumbwaiter
4346:Cubby-hole
4176:Great room
4146:Bonus room
3897:Vegetarian
3676:Historical
3420:Indonesian
3368:Indonesian
3338:Australian
3260:Zimbabwean
3240:Vietnamese
3235:Venezuelan
3123:Sri Lankan
3091:Cantabrian
3066:Andalusian
3016:Senegalese
2996:Salvadoran
2944:Circassian
2914:Portuguese
2899:Paraguayan
2889:Panamanian
2849:Nicaraguan
2824:Mozambican
2804:Monégasque
2757:Sarawakian
2732:Macedonian
2722:Lithuanian
2586:Neapolitan
2459:Indonesian
2417:Rajasthani
2392:Meghalayan
2367:Jharkhandi
2322:Arunachali
2277:Guatemalan
2208:La Réunion
2141:Ecuadorian
2116:Djiboutian
1863:Belarusian
1833:Australian
1761:Floribbean
1408:2017-03-17
1364:2019-01-21
1232:2024-07-22
1187:2018-07-22
1160:References
852:dehydrated
848:astronauts
746:bain-marie
703:Restaurant
553:Römerstadt
529:Bruno Taut
511:ergonomics
489:principles
310:improve it
167:longhouses
123:cafeterias
96:dishwasher
6119:Salumeria
5974:Cafeteria
5920:Tea party
5875:Dining in
5710:Fast food
5552:Cicchetti
5547:Antipasto
5488:Tableware
5438:Al fresco
5324:Entremets
5319:Side dish
5206:Elevenses
5196:Breakfast
5040:Threshold
4923:Colonnade
4868:Townhouse
4806:Furniture
4710:Courtyard
4612:Safe room
4522:Cloakroom
4490:Technical
4480:Vestibule
4465:Staircase
4404:Inglenook
4377:Fireplace
4336:Breezeway
4208:Gynaeceum
3976:sociology
3855:Fast food
3850:Classique
3714:Byzantine
3615:Mennonite
3600:Christian
3588:Religious
3549:Peranakan
3497:Sephardic
3482:Ethiopian
3472:Ashkenazi
3425:Malaysian
3378:Pakistani
3373:Malaysian
3348:Cambodian
3298:Aromanian
3230:Vanuatuan
3220:Uruguayan
3215:Ukrainian
3168:Zanzibari
3163:Tanzanian
3153:Taiwanese
3116:Valencian
3111:Manchegan
3046:Slovenian
2959:Mordovian
2879:Pakistani
2869:Norwegian
2809:Mongolian
2789:Mauritian
2764:Maldivian
2747:Malaysian
2640:Jordanian
2601:Sardinian
2561:Abruzzese
2529:Sundanese
2514:Minahasan
2437:Telangana
2422:Sikkimese
2372:Karnataka
2307:Icelandic
2302:Hungarian
2171:Ethiopian
2121:Dominican
2074:Congolese
2069:Colombian
2037:Hong Kong
2032:Cantonese
2000:Québécois
1980:Cambodian
1975:Burundian
1965:Burkinabé
1960:Bulgarian
1913:Anguillia
1903:Brazilian
1883:Bhutanese
1858:Barbadian
1823:Argentine
1644:Levantine
1634:Caucasian
1607:Caribbean
1045:New Delhi
1004:Meiji era
996:Daidokoro
904:By region
824:airliners
815:or large
766:hamburger
753:fast food
715:hospitals
615:G-kitchen
608:U-kitchen
601:L-kitchen
549:Ernst May
521:Taylorist
487:Taylorist
471:ergonomic
316:talk page
273:Materials
267:Frankfurt
131:hospitals
6142:Category
6055:Cookbook
6029:Traiteur
5930:Catering
5900:Sittning
5865:Barbecue
5750:Take-out
5231:Merienda
5081:Driveway
5076:Backyard
5035:Skylight
4998:Plumbing
4993:Ornament
4988:Lighting
4898:Baluster
4886:elements
4858:Detached
4853:Terraced
4705:Orangery
4684:scullery
4661:Ballroom
4637:Workshop
4622:Wardrobe
4610: /
4577: /
4573: /
4549: /
4512:Basement
4444:sleeping
4439:screened
4424:Overhang
4368:Entryway
4356:Elevator
4270:Bathroom
4225:man cave
4064:Cookbook
4044:Category
3946:Cookbook
3928:Prepared
3892:Nouvelle
3870:Eurasian
3799:Medieval
3595:Buddhist
3529:Ossetian
3514:Livonian
3492:Moroccan
3477:Bukharan
3467:American
3405:Hazaragi
3383:Peruvian
3358:Filipino
3353:Canadian
3333:American
3303:Assyrian
3200:Tuvaluan
3185:Tunisian
3180:Togolese
3128:Sudanese
3106:Galician
3086:Canarian
3076:Balearic
3071:Asturian
2924:Romanian
2904:Peruvian
2859:Nigerian
2839:Nepalese
2829:Namibian
2819:Moroccan
2799:Moldovan
2742:Malawian
2737:Malagasy
2707:Liberian
2697:Lebanese
2633:Okinawan
2628:Japanese
2623:Jamaican
2611:Venetian
2606:Sicilian
2581:Lucanian
2571:Ligurian
2509:Makassar
2504:Madurese
2499:Javanese
2469:Balinese
2464:Acehnese
2387:Manipuri
2362:Kashmiri
2357:Haryanvi
2352:Gujarati
2327:Assamese
2297:Honduran
2260:Epirotic
2245:Ghanaian
2235:Georgian
2225:Gabonese
2203:Corsican
2181:Filipino
2166:Estonian
2161:Eritrean
2146:Egyptian
2079:Croatian
2062:Xinjiang
2047:Shandong
2042:Macanese
1990:Canadian
1955:Bruneian
1943:Scottish
1898:Botswana
1888:Bolivian
1878:Beninese
1873:Belizean
1848:Bahraini
1838:Austrian
1828:Armenian
1766:Hawaiian
1751:American
1746:Algerian
1741:Albanian
1728:regional
1723:National
1688:Oceanian
1661:European
1602:Americas
1566:Cuisines
1523:Kitchens
1435:, 1869.
1266:(2013),
1083:See also
984:Nagasaki
923:shikumen
863:campsite
832:catering
817:warships
797:railcars
793:aircraft
742:steamers
620:double-L
576:triangle
159:European
84:cabinets
6173:Kitchen
6152:Commons
6080:outline
6075:Cuisine
6060:Cooking
6038:Related
5994:Kitchen
5890:Potluck
5853:Banquet
5695:Dosirak
5664:Zakuski
5614:Okazuya
5599:Kaiseki
5590:Izakaya
5580:Yum cha
5576:Dim sum
5557:Banchan
5458:Garnish
5397:Rodízio
5392:Platter
5334:Savoury
5329:Dessert
5269:courses
5256:Siu yeh
5069:Related
5045:Transom
4937:Cornice
4927:Portico
4918:Chimney
4913:Ceiling
4745:Parlour
4730:Library
4689:spicery
4679:saucery
4674:buttery
4517:Carport
4499:storage
4494:utility
4475:Veranda
4470:Terrace
4399:Hallway
4331:Balcony
4310:Nursery
4305:Cabinet
4300:Boudoir
4282:Bedroom
4254:Sunroom
4186:Kitchen
4084:Outline
4054:Commons
3971:history
3951:Cooking
3939:Related
3809:Peasant
3804:Ottoman
3774:Hittite
3649:Kashrut
3632:Chinese
3627:Islamic
3539:Pashtun
3509:Kurdish
3487:Mizrahi
3415:English
3343:British
3328:Chinese
3308:Balochi
3255:Zambian
3210:Ugandan
3195:Turkmen
3190:Turkish
3138:Swedish
3096:Catalan
3061:Spanish
3021:Serbian
2986:Rwandan
2949:Cossack
2939:Chechen
2934:Bashkir
2929:Russian
2834:Nauruan
2794:Mexican
2774:Maltese
2752:Sabahan
2702:Lesotho
2692:Latvian
2677:Kuwaiti
2672:Kosovan
2618:Ivorian
2576:Lombard
2566:Apulian
2556:Italian
2551:Israeli
2536:Iranian
2442:Tripuri
2412:Punjabi
2332:Bengali
2292:Haitian
2287:Guinean
2230:Gambian
2218:Occitan
2193:Finnish
2151:Emirati
2104:Faroese
2089:Cypriot
2057:Tibetan
2052:Sichuan
2027:Beijing
2022:Chinese
2017:Chilean
2012:Chadian
1995:Acadian
1970:Burmese
1923:English
1908:British
1868:Belgian
1818:Angolan
1676:Eastern
1671:Central
1639:Central
1580:African
1124:Cuisine
1061:chullah
1057:chullha
884:"), or
867:propane
859:camping
801:galleys
777:railway
744:, or a
707:canteen
695:in the
679:kitchen
677:canteen
599:In the
525:Austria
411:Please
204:during
144:History
112:laundry
64:cooking
56:kitchen
6092:Eating
6024:Tavern
5885:Picnic
5730:Jūbako
5700:Ekiben
5673:Packed
5659:Tiffin
5639:Sadhya
5594:Sakana
5497:Dining
5362:Buffet
5299:Entrée
5246:Supper
5241:Dinner
5236:Tiffin
5216:Brunch
5133:
5091:Garden
5060:Window
5003:Quoins
4981:Portal
4932:Column
4848:Duplex
4826:styles
4785:Turret
4617:Studio
4593:Pantry
4566:Larder
4556:Garage
4527:Closet
4461:Stairs
4419:Loggia
4382:hearth
4372:Genkan
4326:Atrium
4319:Spaces
4288:closet
4275:toilet
4244:Shrine
4220:Andron
4171:Garret
3860:Fusion
3843:Styles
3829:Soviet
3794:Mughal
3789:Muisca
3579:Yup'ik
3569:Tejano
3559:Romani
3502:Syrian
3462:Jewish
3410:Indian
3395:Gagauz
3363:Indian
3318:Buryat
3313:Berber
3269:Ethnic
3250:Yemeni
3148:Syrian
3081:Basque
3051:Somali
3041:Slovak
2974:Udmurt
2919:Qatari
2909:Polish
2864:Niuean
2769:Malian
2712:Libyan
2682:Kyrgyz
2655:Korean
2650:Kenyan
2645:Kazakh
2484:Betawi
2474:Banjar
2427:Sindhi
2377:Kerala
2337:Bihari
2317:Andhra
2312:Indian
2255:Cretan
2240:German
2198:French
2176:Fijian
2099:Danish
1736:Afghan
1696:Global
1666:Balkan
1504:
1486:
1469:
1448:
1302:
1274:
1134:Hearth
1069:biogas
1008:kamado
980:Dejima
871:nomads
846:. The
828:pantry
809:LP gas
805:yachts
711:hotels
485:using
230:pewter
210:parlor
170:them.
127:hotels
104:dining
18:Chulha
6178:Rooms
6087:Drink
5910:Supra
5895:Seder
5880:Iftar
5760:Menus
5685:Bento
5654:Thali
5649:Tapas
5521:Toast
5344:Snack
5314:Salad
5304:Roast
5251:Iftar
5221:Lunch
5191:Suhur
5177:Meals
5050:Vault
5023:Style
4971:Gable
4961:Floor
4941:Eaves
4831:types
4816:House
4799:Other
4770:Solar
4750:Sauna
4649:areas
4588:floor
4507:Attic
4434:Porch
4429:Patio
4409:Lanai
4389:Foyer
4249:Study
4213:harem
4130:house
4126:Rooms
3961:Drink
3906:Lists
3877:Haute
3784:Mayan
3709:Aztec
3622:Hindu
3534:Parsi
3524:Malay
3452:Inuit
3323:Cajun
3225:Uzbek
3158:Tajik
3143:Swiss
3133:Swazi
2979:Yamal
2969:Tatar
2964:Sakha
2874:Omani
2854:Niger
2596:Roman
2546:Irish
2541:Iraqi
2479:Batak
2432:Tamil
2250:Greek
2131:Dutch
2094:Czech
2084:Cuban
1948:Welsh
1811:Texan
1649:South
1629:Asian
1617:South
1612:North
1585:North
1049:India
1031:India
1012:stove
988:Japan
964:Japan
909:China
803:. On
789:ships
770:steak
768:or a
762:grill
734:cooks
234:brass
72:stove
58:is a
6097:Food
6065:Chef
6050:Cook
5999:Mess
5969:Café
5609:Meze
5585:Fika
5542:Anju
5377:Dish
5294:Soup
5267:and
5111:Shed
5096:Home
5055:Wall
5028:list
5008:Roof
4976:Gate
4951:Door
4946:Dome
4893:Arch
4497:and
4451:Ramp
4414:Loft
4394:Hall
4351:Deck
3995:Meal
3983:Diet
3966:Food
3779:Inca
3666:Sikh
3644:Jain
3639:Ital
3564:Sámi
3286:Arab
3281:Ainu
3175:Thai
2954:Komi
2494:Indo
2407:Odia
2402:Naga
2397:Mizo
2347:Goan
1681:list
1654:list
1622:list
1595:list
1590:West
1502:ISBN
1484:ISBN
1467:ISBN
1446:ISBN
1427:and
1300:ISBN
1272:ISBN
941:ding
898:sink
894:oven
836:e.g.
755:and
751:The
705:and
635:The
592:The
561:U.S.
535:and
481:The
260:for
242:flax
238:hemp
212:and
110:and
94:, a
76:sink
74:, a
66:and
60:room
49:Riga
5989:Inn
5932:and
5762:and
5226:Tea
4956:Ell
4156:Den
3988:Fat
2687:Lao
1725:and
1059:or
1043:in
945:wok
654:DIY
551:'s
505:as
497:'s
357:by
216:or
196:In
6169::
5823:/
5592:/
5578:/
5559:/
4939:/
4925:/
4703:/
4586:/
4492:,
1490:.
1431::
1382:.
1355:.
1338:.
1225:.
1205:.
1175:.
1047:,
986:,
982:,
896:,
791:,
764:a
748:.
740:,
713:,
687:A
675:A
613:A
606:A
585:A
319:.
240:,
232:,
228:,
183:c.
129:,
125:,
121:,
54:A
5169:e
5162:t
5155:v
4463:/
4370:/
4118:e
4111:t
4104:v
1558:e
1551:t
1544:v
1411:.
1386:.
1367:.
1235:.
1211:.
1190:.
990:.
456:)
450:(
438:)
432:(
427:)
423:(
419:.
380:)
374:(
369:)
365:(
351:.
326:)
322:(
34:.
20:)
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