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which, after losing their military importance, became a pedestrian promenade (the
Passeggiata delle Mure Urbane) atop the walls which not only links the Bastions of Santa Croce, San Frediano, San Martino, San Pietro/Battisti, San Salvatore, La LibertĂ /Cairoli, San Regolo, San Colombano, Santa Maria,
1712:
San
Paolino/Catalani and San Donato but also passes over the gates (Porte) of San Donato, Santa Maria, San Jacopo, Elisa, San Pietro, and Sant'Anna. Each of the four principal sides of the structure is lined with a tree species different from the others.
856:
During the High Middle Ages, one of the most illustrious dynasties of Lucca was the noble
Allucingoli family, who managed to forge strong ties with the Church. Among the family members were Ubaldo Allucingoli, who was elected to the Papacy as
1045:
Between 1799 and 1800, it was contested by the French and
Austrian armies. Finally the French prevailed and granted a democratic constitution in the 1801. However, already in 1805 the Republic of Lucca was converted into a monarchy by
1142:) 60, and it was usually referred to as PG 60 Lucca. Although it never had permanent structures and accommodation consisted of tents in an area prone to flooding, it housed more than 3,000 British and
963:
Occupied by the troops of Louis of
Bavaria, the city was sold to a rich Genoese, Gherardino Spinola, then seized by John, king of Bohemia. Pawned to the Rossi of Parma, by them it was ceded to
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513:
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The walled city is encircled by
Piazzale Boccherini, Viale Lazzaro Papi, Viale Carlo Del Prete, Piazzale Martiri della LibertĂ , Via Batoni, Viale Agostino Marti, Viale G. Marconi (
1962:(1194) with four columns mounted on lion sculptures, a highly decorated Romanesque octagonal baptismal fount, and the altar is supported by six small columns with human figures
610:, a term used by the first European populations). The origin apparently refers to a wooded area deforested to make room for light or to a clearing located on a river island of
1117:
1974:, erected by the Dominican order in the second half of the 13th century, is today a deconsecrated Roman Catholic Church located on Piazza San Romano in the center of Lucca
3397:
3217:
The United States
Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933â1945, Volume III: Camps and Ghettos under European Regimes Aligned with Nazi Germany
646:
meaning "marsh", which was previously speculated as a possible origin of the city's name), dating from the 3rd century BC. However, it was only with the arrival of the
3883:
1707:
remain intact, even though the city has expanded and been modernised, which is unusual for cities in this region. These walls were built initially as a defensive
910:
includes many references to the great feudal families who had huge jurisdictions with administrative and judicial rights. Dante spent some of his exile in Lucca.
841:(later Pope Alexander II) was appointed bishop of Lucca, a position he held also during the papacy. As bishop of Lucca he managed to rebuild the patrimony of the
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The Lucca cloth was a silk fabric that was woven with gold or silver threads. It was a popular type of textile in Lucca throughout the mediaeval period.
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with a charter in 1160. For almost 500 years, Lucca remained an independent republic. There were many minor provinces in the region between southern
2637:
1485:
1424:
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1958:
church in the locality of
Brancoli, built in the late twelfth century has a bell tower in Lombard-Romanesque style, the interior houses a massive
1651:
was rebuilt with marble sourced in Lucca. The floor mosaic in the West Wing was hand-laid and is constructed entirely of
Italian, Lucca marble.
1952:: church at Antraccoli, founded in 777, it was enlarged and rebuilt in the twelfth century with the introduction of a sixteenth-century portico
1146:
prisoners of war during the period of its existence. It was handed over to the
Germans on 10 September 1943, not long after the signing of the
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that the area took on the appearance of a real town. It obtained the status of a Roman colony in 180 BC and of a municipality (
400:
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to assign the local public transport to a single operator for each of the 14 lots constituted, CLAP merged with the companies
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785:. The first mention of their presence in the city is from a document from the year 859. The Jewish community was led by the
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1965:
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of Pisa to make himself lord of Lucca. The Lucchesi expelled him two years later, and handed over the city to another
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3149:
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862:
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1744:, (site of the ancient Roman amphitheater), the Piazzale Verdi, the Piazza Napoleone, and the Piazza San Michele.
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594:. From more recent and concrete toponymic studies, the name Lucca has references that lead to "sacred grove" (
1583:
754:, the first Germanic King of Italy. Lucca was an important city and fortress even in the sixth century, when
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and its very well preserved historic center, where, among other buildings and monuments, are located the
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of Lucca, recovering alienated assets, obtaining numerous donations thanks to his prestige, and had the
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Among the population that inhabited Lucca in the medieval era, there was also a significant presence of
361:
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1882:
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2007:
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563:, a 45-metre-tall (150 ft) tower that dates from the 1300s and the Cathedral of San Martino.
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2019:
1939:
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Lucca is also known for its marble deposits. After a fire in the early 1900s, the West Wing of the
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1101:
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971:, sold to the Florentines, surrendered to the Pisans, and then nominally liberated by the emperor
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2037:, thanks to a number of fans that helped found the club who had learned the game in Brazil. The
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to become duke of Lucca. Castracani's tomb is in the church of San Francesco. His biography is
17:
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Lucca hosts the annual Lucca Summer Festival. The 2006 edition featured live performances by
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1726:, Viale Giusti, Piazza Curtatone, Piazzale Ricasoli, Viale Ricasoli, Piazza Risorgimento (
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3029:. University of California Libraries. New York, Fairchild publishing company. p. 94.
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Procession of Santa Croce, on 13 September. Costume procession through the town's roads.
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The rectangular grid of its historical centre preserves the Roman street plan, and the
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3248:"Ill-treatment of prisoners of war at Camp PG 60, Lucca, Italy, July to November 1942"
1042:) with a republican constitution ("comune") to remain independent over the centuries.
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3274:"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca - Scuola di Dottorato IMT Alti Studi di Lucca"
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the consortium holder of the two-year (2018-2019) contract for the management of the
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3400:. Tuscanypass.com. 16 December 2010. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013
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1488:, a public research institution and a selective graduate school and part of the
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3146:"Chiesa della NativitĂ di Maria Santissima (Pontetetto) â Arcidiocesi di Lucca"
3782:
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1934:
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1438:
1163:
1138:, about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Lucca. Its official number was P.G. (
940:, under whose rule it became a leading state in central Italy. Lucca rivalled
651:
2081:
to manage the local public transport. In 2005, following the decision of the
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1586:, an international biennial contemporary art exhibition focusing solely on
1501:
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of the city rebuilt. From 1073 to 1086, the bishop of Lucca was his nephew
3629:
2615:
826:. During the tenthâeleventh centuries Lucca was the capital of the feudal
547:
Lucca is known as an Italian "CittĂ d'arte" (City of Art) from its intact
3837:
3717:
3383:
3040:
Sarkar, Ajoy K.; Tortora, Phyllis G.; Johnson, Ingrid (4 November 2021).
2291:
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1900:
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941:
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trade that began in the eleventh century, and came to rival the silks of
759:
736:
263:
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The city is the birthplace of numerous world-class composers, including
559:, which has its origins in the second half of the 1st century A.D., the
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until Castracani's death in 1328. On 22 and 23 September 1325, in the
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55:
2616:"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011"
1683:
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1785:
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1767:
1757:
1746:
1690:
1682:
1674:
1666:
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1500:
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1026:
1002:
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besieged it for several months in 553. From 576 to 797, under the
721:
595:
453:
229:
2900:
Haegen, Anne Mueller von der; Strasser, Ruth F. (2013). "Lucca".
2299:(1612â1700), priest and first translator of the Qur'an into Latin
750:
in the early sixth century. At one point, Lucca was plundered by
3361:
3347:
2430:
2002:, a selective graduate and doctoral school which is part of the
1324:
1215:
819:
782:
743:
634:
The territory of present-day Lucca was certainly settled by the
3649:
2112:
Since 1 November 2021 the public local transport is managed by
1852:
and House: Panoramic view from tower-top balcony with oak trees
1740:
The town includes a number of public squares, most notably the
830:, more or less independent but owing nominal allegiance to the
1772:
Puccini's statue on Piazza Cittadella created by Vito Tongiani
1167:
3624:
1899:
There are many medieval, a few as old as the eighth century,
986:
with his cardinals intended to end the schism in the papacy.
479:
445:
30:
This article is about the city in Italy. For other uses, see
1319:
1210:
1038:
Lucca had been the second largest Italian city state (after
685:
are incorporated into the church of Santa Maria della Rosa.
770:, during this time the city also minted its own coins. The
485:
3273:
1903:-form churches with richly arcaded façades and campaniles
766:, which included a large part of today's Tuscany and the
3362:"Lucca Classica Music Festival | La grande musica è qui"
2244:(6th century), Irish prince and hermit, bishop of Lucca
1096:, while Lucca lost independence and was annexed to the
540:. The city has a population of about 89,000, while its
2077:, was established in 1969, as the main company in the
2730:"A Walled City in Tuscany Clings to Its Ancient Menu"
2650:"Popolazione Lucca (2001-2020) Grafici su dati ISTAT"
2317:(1887â1957), harp guitarist, poet, anarchist-pacifist
2006:. Its main educational facilities are located at the
890:, the city began to constitute itself an independent
853:, a prominent figure in the Investiture Controversy.
812:, the major pilgrimage route to Rome from the north.
774:(or Volto Santo), a major relic supposedly carved by
494:
482:
902:; Tuscany in this time was a part of feudal Europe.
476:
1118:
List of World War II prisoner-of-war camps in Italy
1009:on its banner until the French Revolution in 1789.
808:, the city was one of the main destinations of the
473:
440:
432:
422:
409:
399:
389:
368:
351:
341:
333:
325:
320:
312:
304:
299:
284:
279:
260:
247:
235:
225:
44:
3909:Populated places established in the 3rd century BC
3398:"Church of Sant'Alessandro Maggiore | Lucca"
3120:"ALLUCINGOLI, Gerardo in "Dizionario Biografico""
2859:Enciclopedia Italiana di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti
704:reaffirmed their political alliance known as the
3642:Museum of the Archaeology of the Lucca Cathedral
3068:"ALESSANDRO II, papa in "Dizionario Biografico""
913:In 1273 and again in 1277, Lucca was ruled by a
2904:. Potsdam: H.F.Ullmann Publishing. p. 57.
2097:which was absorbed by the newly formed company
2057:, just outside the northeast wall of the city.
1968:, a 12th century Romanesque style parish church
800:and to the relics of important saints, such as
789:(which later became a major component of proto-
638:, and it also has traces of a probable earlier
2895:
2893:
2311:(1928â1986), germanicist and Nietzsche scholar
2033:arrived in Lucca in 1905 and has its roots in
3661:
3094:"ANSELMO da Lucca in "Enciclopedia Italiana""
2756:"Roman amphitheatre in Lucca | Visit Tuscany"
2468:List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy
1832:: House of the opera composer, at the nearby
1795:Palaces, villas, houses, offices, and museums
261:
53:
8:
2136:(1400â1472), merchant and patron of the arts
2053:in 1952. The club plays their home games at
1840:opera festival takes place every JulyâAugust
1197:
1174:. In June 1944, the prisoners were moved to
1170:were interned there, and it functioned as a
1100:. As part of Tuscany, it became part of the
997:, to maintain its independence alongside of
3529:SimoneBianchi.com, retrieved March 25, 2012
3384:"Lucca Biennale - Cartasia | Turismo Lucca"
3206:
3204:
2172:(1470sâ1558), merchant and banker in London
3668:
3654:
3646:
3046:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 283.
3043:The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles
2618:. Italian National Institute of Statistics
1836:, where the composer spent his summers. A
1196:
762:, it was the capital of a duchy, known as
41:
3219:. Indiana University Press. p. 421.
3215:. In Megargee, G.P.; White, J.R. (eds.).
3172:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Gregory XII"
2071:Consorzio Lucchese Autotrasporti Pubblici
952:'s Guelphs. For this he was nominated by
2955:(in Italian). Pacini Fazzi. p. 23.
2391:using Luccan recipes from their hometown
2148:(1686â1768), friar, theologian, and poet
2008:San Francesco Convent Complex and Campus
1547:festival, Europe's largest festival for
1064:. The only reigning dukes of Lucca were
960:'s third famous book on political rule.
876:Republican period (12th to 19th century)
3884:Municipalities of the Province of Lucca
2607:
2341:(born 1943), politician and philosopher
2004:Italian superior graduate school system
1881:: Renaissance palace once owned by the
1807:'s fortress. Construction was begun by
1130:camp was established at the village of
614:debris, in the middle of wooded areas.
439:
421:
408:
388:
350:
340:
319:
311:
298:
278:
259:
224:
189:
117:
80:
68:
63:
3411:
3002:(in Italian). Le Lettere. p. 61.
2781:"20 Bellissime CittĂ d'Arte in Italia"
2335:(1910â1968), journalist and politician
1679:Via Fillungo view from the Clock Tower
1480:. It is also the birthplace of artist
898:and northern Tuscany dominated by the
3470:"Lucca CTT Soluzione per la mobilitĂ "
3000:Le vie di pellegrinaggio del Medioevo
2000:IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca
505:
431:
398:
367:
332:
324:
303:
283:
246:
234:
108:
7:
3614:Bibliography of the history of Lucca
2861:(in Italian). Treccani. p. 560.
2415:(1661â1730), scientist and physician
2377:(1872â1952), diplomat and politician
2196:(born 1944), photographer and artist
1946:church rebuilt in thirteenth century
926:. In 1314, internal discord allowed
818:Lucca became prosperous through the
308:185.5 km (71.6 sq mi)
3561:(in Italian). Lucca. Archived from
3496:"Guida al primo giorno di servizio"
2807:"Cathedral of San Martino in Lucca"
536:River, in a fertile plain near the
2926:The Romans: From Village to Empire
2290:(1754â1806), aeronautical pioneer
2263:(c.1624âc.1693), harpsichord maker
2257:(1687â1762), musician and composer
2160:(1743â1805), musician and composer
2022:now hosts the university library.
1695:View of Lucca from the Clock Tower
1627:, is set and was filmed in Lucca.
1611:, is set and was filmed in Lucca.
1490:Superior Graduate Schools in Italy
1019:Principality of Lucca and Piombino
25:
2728:Donadio, Rachel (13 March 2009).
2707:Scientific Itineraries of Tuscany
1705:The walls encircling the old town
661:occupies the site of the ancient
27:City and comune in Tuscany, Italy
3630:National Museum of Villa Guinigi
3276:. Imtlucca.it. 29 September 2011
2560:
2547:
2534:
2521:
2508:
2495:
2482:
2443:
1931:SanSan Romano, Luccat'Alessandro
1890:: nineteenth-century opera house
1861:National Museum of Palazzo Mansi
1856:National Museum of Villa Guinigi
1753:Museo Nazionale di Palazzo Mansi
1635:filmed the third episode of the
1104:in 1860 and finally part of the
469:
164:
157:
131:
124:
95:
85:
70:
2902:Art & Architecture: Tuscany
2427:(1160âc.1259), medieval surgeon
2397:(born 1964), actor and director
2226:(1205â1296/8), medieval surgeon
2049:, having last been in top tier
1988:Orto Botanico Comunale di Lucca
1866:Orto Botanico Comunale di Lucca
1649:Legislative Assembly of Ontario
1484:. Since 2004, Lucca is home to
1068:, who was succeeded by her son
622:For a chronological guide, see
18:Church of Saint Pancras (Lucca)
3452:"Stadium of the Lucchese 1905"
3434:"History of the Lucchese 1905"
2220:(1940â2009), singer-songwriter
2041:, or simply Lucchese, play in
1811:in 1577â1582 and continued by
1569:Lucca Digital Photography Fest
1090:Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
1078:Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
1076:had been assigned for life to
922:(captain of the people) named
544:has a population of 383,957.
1:
2873:"Roman Lucca | Turismo Lucca"
2238:(born 1950), football referee
1826:, noted for its water gardens
1578:Lucca Classica Music Festival
989:Lucca managed, at first as a
273:
165:
132:
3211:Angelini, Silvia Q. (2018).
3148:(in Italian). Archived from
2232:(1592â1666), bishop of Lucca
2208:(born 1920), football player
2130:(1036â1086), bishop of Lucca
2101:in 2012. VaiBus was part of
2093:Scpa to form the consortium
1722:), Piazza Don A. Mei, Viale
1112:World War II internment camp
1057:From 1815 to 1847, it was a
3879:Cities and towns in Tuscany
2844:Dizionario di toponomastica
2787:(in Italian). 16 April 2016
2184:(1316â1328), ruler of Lucca
2166:(1777â1820), ruler of Lucca
1700:Walls, streets, and squares
1092:in 1847, Parma reverted to
1050:, who installed his sister
975:and governed by his vicar.
665:. The outline of the Roman
3925:
3904:Capitals of former nations
3611:
3472:. CTT Nord. Archived from
3322:"Lucca Digital Photo Fest"
2846:(in Italian). p. 427.
2465:
2154:(born 1972), comics artist
1875:Academy of Sciences (1584)
1201:
1185:
1115:
1016:
879:
715:
621:
145:Location of Lucca in Italy
29:
3743:Castiglione di Garfagnana
3738:Castelnuovo di Garfagnana
3693:
3591:(in Finnish). Hämeenlinna
3418:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2951:Mancini, Augusto (1999).
2676:"Provincia di Lucca (LU)"
2491:, England, United Kingdom
2353:(born 1977), chess player
2178:(born 1981), pop musician
1815:in the eighteenth century
1790:San Michele at Antraccoli
1540:at the Piazza Napoleone.
1422:
1228:â
1134:, in the municipality of
1094:Charles II, Duke of Parma
1084:. In accordance with the
1070:Charles II, Duke of Parma
1052:Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi
928:Uguccione della Faggiuola
337:480/km (1,200/sq mi)
190:
118:
109:
81:
69:
64:
51:
3823:San Romano in Garfagnana
2998:Stopani, Renato (1991).
2939:Basilica di San Frediano
2924:Boatwright, Mary et al.
2381:Rinaldo and Ezilda Torre
2261:Giovanni Battista Giusti
2230:Marco Antonio Franciotti
2146:Giovanni Antonio Bianchi
1998:Since 2005, Lucca hosts
1926:Basilica di San Frediano
1072:in 1824. Meanwhile, the
1054:as "Princess of Lucca".
978:In 1408, Lucca hosted a
796:Thanks above all to the
731:Basilica of San Frediano
606:) and "luminous space" (
39:Comune in Tuscany, Italy
3196:EncyclopĂŚdia Britannica
3023:Harmuth, Louis (1915).
2822:"9 Facts About Lucca |"
2365:(born 1994), footballer
2109:throughout the Region.
1933:an example of medieval
1910:: St Martin's Cathedral
1803:: built on the site of
1584:Lucca Biennale Cartasia
1543:Lucca hosts the annual
1188:List of mayors of Lucca
1152:Italian Social Republic
1086:Treaty of Vienna (1815)
1005:, and painted the word
993:, and after 1628 as an
673:, and the outline of a
3899:Roman sites of Tuscany
3753:Fabbriche di Vergemoli
3555:"Lucca e i gemellaggi"
3026:Dictionary of textiles
2455:Piazza dell'Anfiteatro
1984:Museo della Cattedrale
1966:San Lorenzo di Moriano
1791:
1783:
1773:
1765:
1755:
1742:Piazza dell'Anfiteatro
1696:
1688:
1680:
1672:
1671:A stretch of the walls
1664:
1582:Moreover, Lucca hosts
1562:Other events include:
1559:and related subjects.
1545:Lucca Comics and Games
1508:
1098:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1035:
965:Mastino II della Scala
948:, Castracani defeated
828:margraviate of Tuscany
733:
727:Piazza dell'Anfiteatro
671:Piazza dell'Anfiteatro
557:Piazza dell'Anfiteatro
461:
316:19 m (62 ft)
262:
54:
32:Lucca (disambiguation)
3894:Fortified settlements
3748:Coreglia Antelminelli
3635:Museum of Villa Mansi
3296:"Lucca Film Festival"
3252:The National Archives
2842:Rossebastiano, Alda.
2636:Population data from
2581:Castruccio Castracani
2347:(1858â1924), composer
2305:(1808â1887), engineer
2269:(1542â1611), composer
2214:(1436â1501), sculptor
2190:(1854â1893), composer
2182:Castruccio Castracani
1846:: ("The Clock Tower")
1805:Castruccio Castracani
1789:
1779:
1771:
1761:
1750:
1694:
1686:
1678:
1670:
1662:
1504:
1482:Benedetto Brandimarte
1198:Historical population
1140:prigionieri di guerra
1116:Further information:
1080:, the second wife of
1030:
954:Louis IV the Bavarian
938:Castruccio Castracani
778:, arrived in 742.
725:
679:Piazza Sant'Augostino
669:is still seen in the
590:, Lucca was known as
457:
370: ⢠Summer (
210:43.84167°N 10.50278°E
3625:Municipality website
3539:The Quarterly Review
3213:"Colle di Compecito"
2877:www.turismo.lucca.it
2857:Treccani, Giovanni.
2760:www.visittuscany.com
2703:"The Walls of Lucca"
2433:(c.1212â1272), saint
2421:(1896â1988), painter
2403:(1924â2014), athlete
2329:(1924â2000), athlete
2224:Theodoric Borgognoni
2202:(born 1967), cyclist
2142:(1708â1787), painter
2045:, the third tier of
2031:Association football
1908:Duomo di San Martino
1687:Autumn atop bastions
1088:, upon the death of
1066:Maria Luisa of Spain
946:battle of Altopascio
602:), "to cut" (Latin:
334: ⢠Density
76:View of Lucca (2022)
3833:Sillano Giuncugnano
3585:"Ystävyyskaupungit"
3565:on 16 December 2019
3456:www.lucchese1905.it
3438:www.lucchese1905.it
2937:See article on the
2701:Magrini, Graziano.
2567:South San Francisco
2255:Francesco Geminiani
1922:: Romanesque church
1916:: Romanesque church
1914:San Michele in Foro
1781:San Michele in Foro
1617:'s 1993 miniseries
1594:Film and television
1566:Lucca Film Festival
1466:Francesco Geminiani
1199:
1160:political prisoners
1102:Kingdom of Sardinia
1013:Early modern period
924:Luchetto Gattilusio
919:capitano del popolo
886:After the death of
866:Gerardo Allucingoli
768:province of Viterbo
681:. Fragments of the
206: /
181:Show map of Tuscany
3858:Villa Collemandina
3525:2010-02-11 at the
3348:"Lucca Jazz Donna"
3254:. 18 December 2008
3152:on 11 January 2022
2413:Antonio Vallisneri
2407:Giuseppe Ungaretti
2371:(1933â1988), actor
2251:, mystic and saint
2134:Giovanni Arnolfini
2055:Stadio Porta Elisa
1792:
1784:
1774:
1766:
1756:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1665:
1509:
1172:concentration camp
1036:
888:Matilda of Tuscany
870:Uberto Allucingoli
832:Holy Roman Emperor
772:Holy Face of Lucca
734:
659:Piazza San Michele
462:
326: ⢠Total
305: ⢠Total
285: ⢠Mayor
215:43.84167; 10.50278
3866:
3865:
3803:Piazza al Serchio
3687:Province of Lucca
3500:Autolinee Toscane
3226:978-0-253-02386-5
3176:www.newadvent.org
3053:978-1-5013-6508-9
2911:978-3-8480-0321-1
2785:Skyscanner Italia
2591:Republic of Lucca
2517:, The Netherlands
2409:(1888â1970), poet
2387:syrup company in
2309:Mazzino Montinari
2297:Ludovico Marracci
2194:Gusmano Cesaretti
2114:Autolinee Toscane
2079:Province of Lucca
2010:, and the former
1888:Teatro del Giglio
1763:Teatro del Giglio
1751:The courtyard of
1720:Guglielmo Marconi
1430:
1429:
1418:
1417:
1309:
1308:
1148:Italian armistice
882:Republic of Lucca
861:in 1181, and the
706:First Triumvirate
642:presence (called
624:Timeline of Lucca
452:
451:
401:Dialing code
148:Show map of Italy
112:Location of Lucca
16:(Redirected from
3916:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3647:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3551:
3545:
3536:
3530:
3517:
3511:
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3508:
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3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3448:
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3407:
3405:
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3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3324:. Archived from
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3302:on 13 March 2012
3298:. Archived from
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3244:
3238:
3237:
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2792:
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2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2736:. New York Times
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
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2672:
2666:
2665:
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2539:
2538:
2526:
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2513:
2512:
2500:
2499:
2487:
2486:
2447:
2369:Renato Salvatori
2321:Julian Niccolini
2303:Felice Matteucci
2288:Vincenzo Lunardi
2188:Alfredo Catalani
2158:Luigi Boccherini
2073:, also known as
2047:Italian football
1883:Arnolfini family
1872:dating from 1820
1870:botanical garden
1575:Lucca Jazz Donna
1478:Alfredo Catalani
1474:Luigi Boccherini
1457:Madama Butterfly
1326:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1217:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1158:of the Germans,
1132:Colle di Compito
1122:In 1942, during
984:Pope Gregory XII
839:Anselm of Baggio
791:Ashkenazic Jewry
787:Kalonymos family
690:Lucca Conference
576:Luigi Boccherini
572:Alfredo Catalani
518:) is a city and
517:
516:
515:
509:
507:[Ëlukka]
504:
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21:
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3914:
3913:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3758:Forte dei Marmi
3713:Borgo a Mozzano
3689:
3674:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3605:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3568:
3566:
3559:comune.lucca.it
3553:
3552:
3548:
3537:
3533:
3527:Wayback Machine
3518:
3514:
3504:
3502:
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3367:
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3355:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3329:
3328:on 5 March 2016
3320:
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3153:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3127:
3124:www.treccani.it
3118:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3098:www.treccani.it
3092:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3072:www.treccani.it
3066:
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3054:
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3017:
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2953:Storia di Lucca
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2712:
2710:
2709:. Museo Galileo
2700:
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2647:
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2577:
2572:
2569:, United States
2559:
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2494:
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2458:
2457:
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2438:
2436:
2401:Rolando Ugolini
2395:Nicola Fanucchi
2345:Giacomo Puccini
2333:Mario Pannunzio
2282:Pope Lucius III
2236:Ernesto Filippi
2212:Matteo Civitali
2200:Mario Cipollini
2176:Giulio Carmassi
2170:Anthony Bonvisi
2164:Elisa Bonaparte
2128:Anselm of Lucca
2122:
2068:
2063:
2028:
1996:
1981:
1897:
1844:Torre delle Ore
1830:Casa di Puccini
1797:
1735:Giosuè Carducci
1702:
1657:
1645:
1599:Mauro Bolognini
1596:
1514:
1446:Giacomo Puccini
1435:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1128:prisoner-of-war
1120:
1114:
1032:Palazzo Pfanner
1025:
1017:Main articles:
1015:
884:
878:
859:Pope Lucius III
806:Saint Fridianus
764:Duchy of Tuscia
748:bishop of Lucca
720:
718:Duchy of Tuscia
714:
683:Roman-era walls
632:
627:
620:
584:
568:Giacomo Puccini
512:
511:
510:
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495:
472:
468:
459:Lucca Cathedral
446:comune.lucca.it
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178:Lucca (Tuscany)
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65:Comune di Lucca
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3853:Villa Basilica
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3813:Pieve Fosciana
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3703:Bagni di Lucca
3700:
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3620:
3619:External links
3617:
3609:
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3602:
3589:hameenlinna.fi
3576:
3546:
3531:
3512:
3487:
3476:on 23 May 2022
3461:
3458:. 6 July 2017.
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2734:March 12, 2009
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2596:Walls of Lucca
2593:
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2586:Duchy of Lucca
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2383:, founded the
2378:
2372:
2366:
2363:Daniele Rugani
2360:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2323:, restaurateur
2318:
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2300:
2294:
2285:
2279:
2270:
2267:Gioseffo Guami
2264:
2258:
2252:
2245:
2242:Saint Frediano
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2218:Ivan Della Mea
2215:
2209:
2206:Alfredo Ciucci
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
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2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2152:Simone Bianchi
2149:
2143:
2137:
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2120:Notable people
2118:
2067:
2064:
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2061:Transportation
2059:
2027:
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2016:Roman Catholic
1995:
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1879:Palazzo Cenami
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1834:Torre del Lago
1827:
1821:
1819:Pfanner Palace
1816:
1796:
1793:
1701:
1698:
1663:Palazzo Ducale
1656:
1653:
1644:
1641:
1620:Private Crimes
1615:Sergio Martino
1604:Giovani mariti
1595:
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1580:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1526:Massive Attack
1513:
1510:
1495:Grandes ĂŠcoles
1470:Gioseffo Guami
1462:Nicolao Dorati
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1166:prisoners and
1162:, foreigners,
1113:
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1074:Duchy of Parma
1023:Duchy of Lucca
1014:
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880:Main article:
877:
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810:Via Francigena
713:
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2697:
2694:
2681:
2680:Tuttitalia.it
2677:
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2668:
2655:
2654:Tuttitalia.it
2651:
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2503:
2498:
2493:
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2475:
2469:
2462:Sister cities
2461:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2425:Hugh of Lucca
2423:
2420:
2419:Alfredo Volpi
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2389:San Francisco
2386:
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2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
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2339:Marcello Pera
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2327:Leo Nomellini
2325:
2322:
2319:
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2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2289:
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2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:(died 1079),
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2249:Gemma Galgani
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
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2222:
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2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2140:Pompeo Batoni
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
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2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:Lucchese 1905
2036:
2032:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1973:
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1967:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
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1932:
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1880:
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1864:
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1859:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1850:Guinigi Tower
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1824:Villa Garzoni
1822:
1820:
1817:
1814:
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1806:
1802:
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1782:
1778:
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1754:
1749:
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1743:
1738:
1736:
1733:), and Viale
1732:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1693:
1685:
1677:
1669:
1661:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1625:Edwige Fenech
1622:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1609:Sylva Koscina
1606:
1605:
1601:'s 1958 film
1600:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1554:
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1546:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1534:Tracy Chapman
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1506:Guinigi Tower
1503:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:Lucca is the
1432:
1426:
1421:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1399:
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1205:
1202:
1192:
1189:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:. During the
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1106:Italian State
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1059:Bourbon-Parma
1055:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1034:, garden view
1033:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
987:
985:
982:organized by
981:
976:
974:
970:
966:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
934:
929:
925:
921:
920:
916:
911:
909:
908:Divine Comedy
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
883:
875:
873:
871:
867:
864:
860:
854:
852:
848:
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835:
833:
829:
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821:
816:
813:
811:
807:
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799:
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792:
788:
784:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
742:
738:
732:
728:
724:
719:
711:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
694:Julius Caesar
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
675:Roman theater
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
629:
625:
617:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
581:
579:
577:
573:
569:
564:
562:
561:Guinigi Tower
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
530:Central Italy
527:
523:
522:
514:
508:
500:
499:
490:
466:
460:
456:
447:
443:
435:
428:
425:
418:
415:
412:
404:
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392:
384:
380:
377:
373:
363:
359:
356:
354:
346:
344:
336:
328:
315:
307:
294:
290:
289:Mario Pardini
287:
275:
271:
269:
266:
265:
255:
252:
250:
243:
240:
238:
231:
228:
219:
191:Coordinates:
160:
127:
98:
88:
73:
58:
57:
50:
43:
37:
33:
19:
3772:
3680:
3608:Bibliography
3593:. Retrieved
3588:
3579:
3567:. Retrieved
3563:the original
3558:
3549:
3543:Google Books
3538:
3534:
3515:
3503:. Retrieved
3499:
3490:
3478:. Retrieved
3474:the original
3464:
3455:
3446:
3437:
3428:
3402:. Retrieved
3392:
3378:
3366:. Retrieved
3364:(in Italian)
3356:
3342:
3330:. Retrieved
3326:the original
3316:
3304:. Retrieved
3300:the original
3290:
3278:. Retrieved
3268:
3256:. Retrieved
3251:
3242:
3230:. Retrieved
3216:
3195:
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3175:
3166:
3154:. Retrieved
3150:the original
3140:
3128:. Retrieved
3126:(in Italian)
3123:
3114:
3102:. Retrieved
3100:(in Italian)
3097:
3088:
3076:. Retrieved
3074:(in Italian)
3071:
3062:
3042:
3035:
3025:
3018:
2999:
2993:
2982:, retrieved
2977:
2971:
2952:
2946:
2933:
2925:
2920:
2901:
2880:. Retrieved
2876:
2867:
2858:
2852:
2843:
2837:
2825:. Retrieved
2815:
2801:
2789:. Retrieved
2784:
2775:
2763:. Retrieved
2759:
2750:
2738:. Retrieved
2733:
2723:
2711:. Retrieved
2706:
2696:
2684:. Retrieved
2682:(in Italian)
2679:
2670:
2658:. Retrieved
2656:(in Italian)
2653:
2644:
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2610:
2554:Sint-Niklaas
2471:
2437:
2375:Carlo Sforza
2359:, footballer
2315:Italo Meschi
2111:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2029:
2020:San Ponziano
1997:
1940:Santa Giulia
1898:
1801:Ducal Palace
1739:
1731:Risorgimento
1727:
1716:
1714:
1703:
1646:
1643:Architecture
1630:
1629:
1618:
1613:
1602:
1597:
1581:
1561:
1542:
1530:Roger Waters
1518:Eric Clapton
1515:
1493:
1455:
1449:
1436:
1156:puppet state
1144:Commonwealth
1139:
1124:World War II
1121:
1056:
1044:
1037:
1006:
988:
977:
962:
931:
917:
912:
907:
885:
855:
836:
817:
814:
795:
780:
735:
692:, in 56 BC,
687:
667:amphitheatre
656:
654:) in 89 BC.
643:
633:
607:
603:
599:
591:
585:
565:
546:
538:Ligurian Sea
519:
464:
463:
427:St. Paulinus
423:Patron saint
270:
101:Coat of arms
36:
3843:Vagli Sotto
3808:Pietrasanta
3763:Fosciandora
3723:Camporgiano
3595:16 December
3569:16 December
3541:, vol. 139
2528:Hämeenlinna
2357:Marco Rossi
2351:Eros Riccio
2284:(1097â1185)
2012:Renaissance
1956:San Giorgio
1950:San Michele
1655:Main sights
1637:17th season
1623:, starring
980:convocation
958:Machiavelli
933:condottiero
712:Middle Ages
549:Renaissance
390:Postal code
293:Independent
213: /
3873:Categories
3793:Montecarlo
3783:Minucciano
3698:Altopascio
3612:See also:
3332:3 February
3306:3 February
3280:10 October
3156:11 January
3130:11 January
3009:887166048X
2984:28 January
2962:8872463432
2882:12 January
2466:See also:
2431:Saint Zita
2018:church of
1972:San Romano
1935:classicism
1920:San Giusto
1439:birthplace
1193:Population
1186:See also:
1182:Government
1164:common law
973:Charles IV
802:San Regolo
716:See also:
652:municipium
553:city walls
321:Population
280:Government
201:10°30â˛10âłE
198:43°50â˛30âłN
3848:Viareggio
3828:Seravezza
3798:Pescaglia
3788:Molazzana
3778:Massarosa
3768:Gallicano
3733:Careggine
3728:Capannori
3640:Lu.C.C.A.
3181:9 January
3104:9 January
3078:9 January
2928:, pg 229.
2827:7 January
2791:7 January
2765:7 January
2686:7 January
2660:7 January
2602:Footnotes
2556:, Belgium
2543:, Germany
2530:, Finland
2515:Gorinchem
2472:Lucca is
2103:ONE Scarl
1994:Education
1809:Ammannati
1588:Paper Art
1486:IMT Lucca
1451:La Bohème
1443:composers
1136:Capannori
1108:in 1861.
995:oligarchy
991:democracy
900:Malaspina
863:Cardinals
851:Anselm II
847:Cathedral
837:In 1057,
824:Byzantium
798:Holy Face
776:Nicodemus
636:Etruscans
630:Antiquity
532:, on the
433:Saint day
353:Time zone
313:Elevation
3838:Stazzema
3718:Camaiore
3523:Archived
3414:cite web
3404:26 March
3368:26 April
2740:25 March
2713:25 March
2622:16 March
2575:See also
2541:Schongau
2504:, France
2489:Abingdon
2292:aeronaut
2099:CTT Nord
1901:basilica
1895:Churches
1632:Top Gear
1423:Source:
1082:Napoleon
1048:Napoleon
1007:Libertas
950:Florence
942:Florence
760:Lombards
737:Frediano
729:and the
640:Ligurian
582:Toponymy
542:province
503:Italian:
347:Lucchesi
264:Frazioni
249:Province
3818:Porcari
3685:of the
3679:·
3677:Tuscany
3520:"About"
2474:twinned
2091:C.LU.B.
2051:Serie A
2043:Serie C
2014:-style
1979:Museums
1944:Lombard
1838:Puccini
1813:Juvarra
1709:rampart
1607:, with
1538:Santana
1522:Placebo
1433:Culture
1154:, as a
896:Liguria
892:commune
752:Odoacer
702:Crassus
688:At the
618:History
612:Serchio
534:Serchio
526:Tuscany
441:Website
436:July 12
417:046017
343:Demonym
242:Tuscany
226:Country
3682:Comuni
3505:4 June
3480:30 May
3258:26 May
3232:26 May
3223:
3198:(1911)
3050:
3006:
2959:
2908:
2502:Colmar
2476:with:
2385:Torani
2095:VaiBus
2083:Region
2035:Brazil
2026:Sports
1724:Pacini
1639:here.
1553:movies
1549:comics
1536:, and
1512:Events
1476:, and
1411:89,078
1400:87,200
1389:81,862
1378:87,100
1367:91,246
1356:90,995
1345:88,428
1334:88,302
1302:82,300
1291:79,852
1280:77,880
1269:75,464
1258:73,465
1247:70,404
1236:70,537
1225:66,061
1040:Venice
999:Venice
969:Verona
915:Guelph
843:Church
756:Narses
746:, was
700:, and
698:Pompey
648:Romans
604:lucare
588:Romans
574:, and
521:comune
329:89,346
237:Region
56:Comune
3889:Lucca
3773:Lucca
3708:Barga
2978:Lucca
2820:Joe.
2638:Istat
2277:saint
2273:Leo I
2087:Lazzi
2066:Buses
1557:games
1425:ISTAT
1414:+2.2%
1403:+6.5%
1392:â6.0%
1381:â4.5%
1370:+0.3%
1359:+2.9%
1348:+0.1%
1337:+7.3%
1305:+3.1%
1294:+2.5%
1283:+3.2%
1272:+2.7%
1261:+4.3%
1250:â0.2%
1239:+6.8%
1062:duchy
1003:Genoa
904:Dante
793:).
741:Irish
739:, an
663:forum
600:lucus
596:Latin
551:-era
465:Lucca
411:ISTAT
394:55100
379:UTC+2
358:UTC+1
254:Lucca
230:Italy
172:Lucca
139:Lucca
46:Lucca
3597:2019
3571:2019
3507:2022
3482:2022
3420:link
3406:2013
3370:2024
3334:2011
3308:2011
3282:2011
3260:2020
3234:2020
3221:ISBN
3183:2022
3158:2022
3132:2022
3106:2022
3080:2022
3048:ISBN
3004:ISBN
2986:2022
2957:ISBN
2906:ISBN
2884:2022
2829:2022
2793:2022
2767:2022
2742:2013
2715:2013
2688:2022
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