Churchill tank - Knowledge

742: 1120: 2581: 1111:. Although these tanks were effective in engaging the defenders in the town's buildings, their further progress was blocked by concrete defences; the engineer demolition teams – killed or pinned on the beach – had not been able to accompany the tanks. Ten of these Churchills were able to return to the beach once the withdrawal had been signalled but they could not be evacuated. According to Henry, no Churchills were penetrated by German anti-tank fire while still manned. These surviving tank crews fought to cover the withdrawal of the infantry from the beach, and almost all were captured with their vehicles, having exhausted their main gun ammunition. The tank regiment's commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Johnny Andrews, was among those killed in action. Nearly 70% of the Canadians were killed, injured or captured and none of the raid's objectives were met other than the secret raid on the radar station on a headland. 2869:, England, currently has four Churchills in its collection: a Mark VII in The Tank Story Hall as a static exhibit, a working Mark III AVRE as a static display (currently located in the museum's Conservation Hall), a Mark VI returned to the museum after the closure of the Isle of Wight Military History Museum (also currently located in the museum's Conservation Hall) and a Mark II (with cosmetic alterations to make it appear as a Mark I) as an outdoor static display. The museum's Mark VII was the last Mark VII produced; it went directly to the museum from the factory, and in terms of mileage, is virtually brand new. The Mark III AVRE was salvaged from a firing range marker as a complete wreck. It was restored to running order by Bob Grundy of Wigan and his Tracked Armour Group in August 1988. The museum also has the only surviving Black Prince prototype. 758:

compartment. The suspension was fitted under the two large "panniers" on either side of the hull, the track running over the top. There were eleven bogies either side, each carrying two 10-inch wheels. Only nine of the bogies normally took the vehicle weight, the front coming into play when the vehicle nosed into the ground or against an obstacle, the rear acting in part as a track tensioner. Due to the number of wheels, the tank could survive losing several without much in the way of adverse effects as well as traversing steeper terrain obstacles. As the tracks ran around the panniers, escape hatches in the side could be incorporated into the design. These were retained throughout the revisions of the Churchill and were of particular use when the Churchill was adopted as the

2557:(North Africa 75) where the first conversions took place, after 48 Shermans with new guns had been disabled by mines. Some Mark IIIs were also modified, using Mark IV turrets. To fit the Sherman mantlet required cutting away the front of the Churchill turret before it was welded in place, then the mantlet slot had to be cut away to give sufficient elevation. The Sherman 75 mm gun was designed for a left hand loader and the Churchill, in common with British practice, had a right hand loader. The gun was turned upside down and the firing controls adapted. The conversion of about 200 tanks was carried out between March and June 1944 and the conversion project earned the officer in charge, Capt. Percy Morrell, an 1513: 794:. This enabled the tank to deliver a useful high-explosive capability while retaining the anti-tank capabilities of the 2 pounder. However, like other multi-gun tanks, it was limited by a poor fire arc – the track horns limiting traverse – and elevation of only 9°. Despite the length of the gun the muzzle velocity was only 600 ft/s (180 m/s) . The Mark IVA (retrospectively the Churchill Mk II) dispensed with the howitzer (there had been only enough guns to equip 300 tanks) and replaced it with a bow machine gun and on the Mk III, the 2 pounder was replaced with the 6 pounder, significantly increasing the tank's 1621: 774:

through air cleaners. Cooling air was drawn into the engine compartment through louvres on the sides, across the radiators and through the engine compartment by a fan driven by the clutch. This fan blew the air over the gearbox and out the rear of the hull. By opening a flap between the fighting compartment and the engine compartment, this airflow could be used to remove fumes produced by firing the armament. The 1,296 cu in (21.238 L) capacity engine was rated at 350 bhp (260 kW) at 2,000 rpm, delivering 960 lb⋅ft (1,300 N⋅m) torque over an engine speed range from 800 to 1,600 rpm.

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Tankfest event. Additionally, the Churchill Trust's tanks were all specialist vehicles, but were converted back into the standard turreted heavy tank variants during restoration. In 2018 the two parties concluded a long-term agreement that saw the Churchill Trust loan all three of its Churchills to the Tank Museum, with the III* becoming a permanent part of the museum's fleet of running vehicles and the IV and VII being included in the museum's Second World War exhibitions. The Churchill III* was restored in time for Tankfest 2019, and ran at the event.

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to 10.5 MPH onroad, and 7.5 mph offroad. This resulted in the "Tank, Infantry, Black Prince (A43)". Six prototypes were built and delivered in May 1945 just as the war in Europe was ending. The test programme was completed but the project was cancelled due to the success of the new and less complicated Centurion Mark I, which offered the same armament and frontal armour, was faster and more manoeuvrable, and had just entered production. Two Black Princes currently survive. The one that is fully intact is No. 4 of the prototypes, and is displayed at

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Although a small number of tanks were delivered, and some training undertaken, the end of the war against Japan meant that the conversion was not completed. At the end of September, the 254th Indian Tank Brigade was reassigned and posted away from Ahmednagar. All the Churchills delivered up to that point were returned to the Ordnance Depot at Kirkee (Khadki) by the end of November–early December 1945. Of the three regiments (battalions) involved, the 3rd Dragoon Guards accompanied the 254th Brigade when posted away while the

1208: 2676: 1629: 2620: 561:. A third Besa and a smoke projector would be fitted in the front hull. To reduce weight the specification was revised to prefer a maximum armour to the front of 60 mm – sufficient to protect against ordinary shells from the German 37 mm gun. Outline drawings were produced by Woolwich Arsenal based on the A12 Matilda turret – the Director of Mechanisation opposed a turretless design – and the engine and Wilson epicyclic transmission being developed for the A13 Mark III 1397: 842:

at the firing ranges. What welding reduced in the overall weight (estimates were around 4%), the thicker armour of the A22F made up for. Welding also required fewer man-hours in construction. The hull doors changed from square to round which reduced stresses. A new turret went with the new hull. The sides, which included a flared base to protect the turret ring, were a single casting while the roof, which did not need to be so thick, was a plate fitted to the top.

2808: 2766: 2753: 6386: 826: 6340: 2719: 6350: 2736: 2706: 1609: 1637: 2660:. The second surviving Black Prince is only a hull, recovered from Salisbury plain in the 80s as part of the Tony Budge collection. It is now held as of today by the Rex and Rod Cadman collection. After the Black Prince, no more Churchills were developed, as the army had shifted in favour of the above-mentioned Centurion, which was mainly claimed as the first 2597:

co-driver/machine gunner. As well as the mortar ammunition it carried "General Wade" 26 lb explosive charge, and "Beehive" charges of up to 75 lbs of explosive. Both types of charge had to be set manually, but could be detonated from the relative safety of the AVRE interior. The AVRE could be fitted to carry different combat engineering equipment.

603:. Vauxhall, who were already involved as consultants on the suspension, were approached to see if they could build the A20 and one example was sent to Vauxhall at Luton to see if they could provide an alternative engine developing 350 bhp. To this end, they developed a flat-12 petrol engine. For speed of production, this engine was based on a 810:. In the Mark VII, the driver had two periscopes as well as a vision port in the hull front that could be opened. The hull gunner had a single periscope as well as the sighting telescope on the BESA machine gun mounting. In the turret, the gunner and loader each had single periscope and the commander had two fitted in his hatch cupola. 2580: 1103:

turned away. One Churchill was trapped in its LCT by shellfire. Of the 29 remaining (eight Mark I/IIs, three Oke flamethrower tanks, and 18 Mark IIIs), two sank en route to shore, and 11 were immobilized on the beach due to a combination of the chert shingle and indirect fire. Only 15 would get off the beach and over the

686:, but British tanks were under-powered, under-gunned and unreliable. At the Tank Board level the Director of Artillery was still extolling the merits of the 2-pounder, and this gun was still fitted to every British tank until March 1942. In a 1942 exercise, one tank had to have its gearbox changed five times. 1658:

During the course of the war, as well as new production, older vehicles were reworked to bring them up to later standard. For example, 2-pdr turrets were replaced with the 6-pdr turret, and the improved commander's cupola (with eight periscopes) introduced after the first Mark VII was applied to some

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Another problem was the tank's relatively small turret that prevented the use of powerful weapons; definitive versions of the tank were armed with either the QF 6-pounder or the derivative QF 75 mm gun. The 6-pounder was effective against armoured vehicles, but less so against other targets; the

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gearbox, which allowed the tank to be steered by changing the relative speeds of the two tracks; this effect became more pronounced with each lower gear, ultimately allowing the tank to perform a "neutral turn" when no gear was engaged, where it could fully pivot within its own length and thus rotate

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cruiser design. Due to the wider turret ring required, Vauxhall had to redesign the hull though it used as much of the Churchill Mark VII as possible including retaining the Bedford Flat-12 engine which led to the heavier Black Prince being consequently much slower, going from 15 MPH (24 km/h)

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with 47 rounds in place of the main gun in a cast turret. The gun could fire smoke, HE, or HEAT round with a maximum range of 6,800 yd (6,200 m). Produced from the Mark IV production run at about 1 in 10. The turret was similar to the Marks IV/VI turrets, with a slightly different opening

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Churchill tanks were not initially used in the Italian mainland in 1943. There were six regiments with Churchills in Tunisia, these may have been kept out because Montgomery preferred the Sherman or because their 6-pdr guns were not considered suitable for the fighting in Italy. Churchills did land

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in October 1942. This detachment, called "Kingforce", supported the attack of 7th Motor Brigade first with three tanks at Kidney Ridge (where one was hit "repeatedly" by anti-tank gun fire (including "friendly fire" from a British gun) and another took "a lot of punishment"), then the remaining five

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The A22F, also known as "Heavy Churchill", was a major revision of the design. The most significant part was the use of welding instead of riveted construction. Welding had been considered earlier for the Churchill but, until its future was assured, this was no more than testing techniques and hulls

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Because of its hasty development, there had been little testing and the Churchill was plagued with mechanical faults. Most apparent was that the Churchill's engine was underpowered, unreliable, and difficult to access for servicing. Another serious shortcoming was the tank's inadequate armament, the

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got ahead of their squadron. They came across an entire German transport column, which they ambushed and completely shot up before they rejoined. The result was the destruction of two 88 mm, two 75 mm and two 50 mm, four lesser anti-tank guns, 25 wheeled vehicles, two 3-inch mortars,

1095:. The tanks, a mix of Mark I with hull howitzers, Mark II (three with flamethrowers) and Mark III (some with Bobbin), were expected to enter the town and reach a nearby airfield before retiring back to the beach to be taken off by the LCTs. Half of the tank force would be held in reserve offshore. 866:

While it had weaknesses, the Churchill could cross terrain obstacles that most other tanks of its era could not. This capacity frequently proved useful, especially during the fighting in Normandy. One action in Normandy where the tank's ability to surmount obstacles was found to be of value was the

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with several Churchills being fitted with the 75 mm gun of destroyed M4 Shermans. These "NA75" variants were used in Italy. The use of the 75 mm increased the effectiveness of the tank, as it was a generally superior weapon to the 6 pounder, possessing similar anti-tank capabilities,

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The Churchill Trust is a project that aims to restore existing Churchills to their original condition and working order. So far, a Mark III AVRE with appliqué armour, salvaged from a firing range, and a post-war Mark IV Twin-ARK have been restored to running condition. The specialist equipment was

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during July 1945. The brigade immediately began conversion from the Lee to the Churchill, the intention being for the newly equipped brigade to return to operations in October 1945. At the time, it was assumed that the war against Japan would continue and that the new battleground would be Malaya.

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which included larger stones than the anticipated shingle: according to history professor Hugh Henry, the German defenders had previously considered it impassable to tanks. Only the 30 Churchills in the first two waves of 10 LCTs were landed on the beach under heavy fire: the latter two waves were

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On the Mark VII, the hull front armour was made up of a lower angled piece of 5.5 in (140 mm), a nearly horizontal 2.25 in (57 mm) plate and a vertical 6 inch plate. The hull sides, were, for the most part, 3.75 in (95 mm). The rear was 2 in (51 mm) and

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The first turrets were of cast construction and were rounded in shape, providing sufficient space to accommodate the relatively small 2 pounder gun. To fulfil its role as an infantry support vehicle, the first models were equipped with a 3-inch howitzer in the hull in a layout very similar to

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demolition weapon which replaced the 6 pounder gun. The effective range of the 230mm high-explosive "flying dustbin" round was only around 80 yards of 230 yard maximum range. Crew was increased to six to accommodate a demolition NCO in addition to driver, commander, gunner, wireless operator, and

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armed with the 50 mm gun) and the thick armour of all Churchill models could usually withstand several hits from any German anti-tank gun, in the later years of the war the German Panther tank had a 75 mm high-velocity cannon as its main armament along with increased protection, against

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Since the engines on the Churchill were never upgraded, the tank became increasingly slow as additional armour and armament was equipped and weight increased; while the Mk I weighed 40 long tons (41,000 kg) and the Mk III weighed 39 long tons (39,630 kg), the Mk VII weighed 40 long tons

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carburettors each on a separate manifold that fed three cylinders formed as a single cylinder head. The elements of the engine and ancillary components were laid out so they could be reached for maintenance through the engine deck covers. Air for the engine was drawn from the fighting compartment

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took delivery of three Churchill Mk VI tanks in 1948 and a fourth in 1949. These were rented from the British War Office as trials vehicles until 1954, when they were purchased outright. This purchase was despite the fact that the supply and transport corps workshops, which maintained them, had

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The Churchill Trust and the Tank Museum are not affiliated or associated with one another in any way; their tanks are different and owned separately, and the only common ground between both parties is that the Churchill Trust sometimes sends its tanks to participate in the Tank Museum's annual

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The Churchill had many variations, including many specialised modifications. The most significant change to the Churchill was that it was up-gunned from 2-pounder to 6-pounder and then 75 mm guns over the course of the war. By the war's end, the late model Churchill Mk VII had exceptional

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The Churchill was not very popular in Soviet service. Soviet operators disliked the 2 pdr gun of the Mk II version (also used by Matildas and Valentines shipped to the USSR), and the tank was considered "sufficient" by inspectors, who warned that it was "unrefined" in terms of both design and

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The armour on the Churchill, often considered its most important feature, was originally specified to a minimum of 16 millimetres (0.63 in) and a maximum of 102 millimetres (4.0 in); this was increased with the Mk VII to a range from 25 millimetres (0.98 in) to 152 millimetres

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The hull was made up of simple flat plates, which were bolted together in earlier models and were welded in later models. The hull was split into four compartments: the driver's position at the front, then the fighting compartment including the turret, the engine compartment, and the gearbox

442:, and thus emphasised the ability to cross difficult ground. The Churchill was hurried into production in order to build up British defences against a possible German invasion. The first vehicles had flaws that had to be overcome before the Churchill was accepted for wide use. After several 2491:

200 produced. Along with several minor improvements, such as an additional collar at the turret base protecting the turret ring, it was produced as standard with the 75 mm Mark V gun. Few were built due to the impending release of the VII and concurrent up-gunning of the Marks

2443:) unlike earlier versions. The availability of rolled armour plate limited the number that could be built – leading to the Mark IV. The first Mark to have "catwalks" over the upper track runs to protect the tracks; examples later upgunned with the QF 75 mm gun are known as the 662:

specified that the A22 had to enter production within a year. By July 1940, the design was completed and by December of that year the first prototypes were completed; in June 1941, almost exactly a year as specified, the first Churchill tanks began rolling off the production line.

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in place. There were final reduction gears, of the planetary type, in the driving wheels. Although capable of 17 mph (27 km/h) the noise at that speed was so great that the Churchill was limited to 10 to 12 mph (16 to 19 km/h) by not using the highest gear.

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amounts of armour – considerably more than the German Tiger tank. However, the firepower weakness was never fully addressed. The Mark VII turret that was designed for the 75 mm gun was of composite construction – cast with top and bottom plates welded into position.

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210 produced. Churchill IVs with 6-pounder guns replaced (under Operation Whitehot) by US 75 mm guns and mantlets from destroyed or scrapped Sherman tanks, fitted to Churchill IV cast turrets. Their performance was virtually identical to the VI. They were known as

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The Churchills were also employed at the Finnish front, and they took part on the capture of Viipuri 1944. The Finnish forces reported to have destroyed "three heavy tanks of previously unknown type", which after the war were recognized as Churchill III tanks.

1034:) they started rebuilding earlier tanks; about 700 of the first 1,000 built were included in this scheme. The reworked tanks got an "R" as a suffix to their WD number. Changes to the hull air intakes and the full length mudguards were the most obvious changes. 530:. In accordance with British infantry tank doctrine and based on the expected needs of attacking a fixed defensive line, crossing wide trenches, possibly shell-cratered ground similar to First World War trench warfare it was to be immune to the current German 573:) in the forward hull – the former was considered too long and the latter would require redesigning the front of the hull. In the end, a 3-inch howitzer was chosen. The A20 designs were short-lived, however, as at roughly the same time the defeated 1595:

aircraft on one tank. The experiment was a success, but not followed up on the other tanks although the reasons are not recorded. By 1967, only one Churchill remained serviceable, and by 1969 all were retired. One remains preserved in the

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heavy tank. A 6 pounder shot from the Churchill lodged between the Tiger's turret and turret ring, jamming the turret and injuring the German crew. They abandoned the Tiger, which was subsequently captured by the British. Known as

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the hull top 0.525 in (13.3 mm). The turret of the Mark VII was 6 in (150 mm) to the front and 3.75 in (95 mm) for the other sides. The turret roof was 0.79 (20 mm) thick. Plate was specified as

1441:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge. 1220:

in Italy in April/May 1944 with 75mm gun armed Churchills arriving later. As the mainstay of the Tank Brigades, which operated in support of the infantry, Churchill units were in operation more often than other tank units.

2502:, giving it the ability to withstand massive amounts of punishment. It is sometimes called the "Heavy Churchill" and was given the specification number "A42" in 1945. This version of the Churchill first saw service in the 2982:

introduction of the 6-pounder gun into British use was delayed by the need to re-arm after the loss of equipment and production did not start until October 1941 and some designs in production could not take the larger

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Fighting vehicles are urgently required, and instructions have been received to proceed with the vehicle as it is rather than hold up production. All those things which we know are not as they should be will be put

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1,622 produced. The IV, the most numerous Churchill produced, was virtually identical to the III, the largest change being a return to the cheaper cast turret, keeping the welded turret's "clean" squarish shape. A

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tanks; despite being a flame-thrower, they were used like a regular tank. In addition, the Assault Vehicle Royal Engineers (AVRE), Armoured Recovery Vehicle (ARV), and Bridgelayers variants were brought together.

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Kingforce, formed to test whether the Churchills could operate in Africa, was considered too slow to participate in the chase after the retreating Axis, sent back to Alexandria and disbanded after El Alamein. The

565:. Detail design and construction of the A20 was left to Harland & Wolff, who completed four prototypes by June 1940. During the construction period, the armament was reconsidered, including fitting either a 1078:

using a strong force of about 6,000 troops – mostly drawn from inexperienced Canadian units. The operation, codenamed Jubilee, would test the feasibility of opposed landings. Nearly 60 Churchill tanks from the

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A Mk. VII Churchill Tank stands at the side of the Marine Highway, Carrickfergus, Co. Antrim. The restored vehicle was a gift to the Borough from the Trustees of the North Irish Horse Regimental Association.

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at Tell-el-Aqqaqir. The Churchills were fired on many times by Italian and German anti-tank guns, but only one was knocked out and partially caught on fire. One tank was said to have been hit up to 80 times.

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The Churchill was able to cross the muddy ground and force through the forests of the Reichswald; a contemporary report expressed the belief that no other tank could have managed the same conditions.

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removed and turrets were added, converting both tanks into their original variants. As of 2016 the project was in the process of restoring a Mark VII AVRE recovered from a range in northern England.

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gun began in 1941, but lack of supplies of the plate used in an all-welded design led to an alternative cast turret also being produced. These formed the distinction between Mark III and Mark IV.

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in the hull, with 58 rounds, for use against infantry. It was a tank that was noted for poor mechanical reliability. This variant was used alongside Mark IIs and IIIs with Canadian forces on the

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vessels, along with the supporting engineers. Some problems were anticipated and allowed for: waterproofing of the hulls, canvas carpets ("Bobbin") to aid the tanks crossing the short stretch of

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earlier marks as well. Nearly 3,100 Churchills of all marks were rebuilt. Early tanks were produced before the Churchill name was attached and were retroactively known as Churchill Mark I etc.

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75 mm was a better all-round weapon, but lacked in effectiveness against armour. Although the Churchills with their 6-pounders could outgun many contemporary German medium tanks (like the

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Churchill III/IV upgraded with extra armour added to hull and turret, along with gearbox and suspension modifications. If the original turret was retained without added armour it was called

4771: 1191:, this was the first Tiger captured by the Western Allies and was particularly useful for intelligence. Tiger 131 has since been restored to full working condition and is now on display at 1266:(Carabiniers) from the end of April 1945 for about a month. Although it proved impossible to bring the Churchill into action, on approach marches the tank proved at least the equal to the 595:

DAV engine, the A20 had limited power compared to the 16-ton Covenanter. This was a less serious limitation than it might appear, owing to the British distinction between the high-speed

2558: 6426: 4741: 3429: 2888:, India has one Churchill Mark VII, a Mark X (uparmoured Mk VI chassis; Mk VII turret; 75mm gun; Mk VII driver's visor and MG mount), a Churchill bridgelayer and a Churchill ARV. 1540:

production and would require constant maintenance in the field. Like Soviet heavy tanks, they were assigned to separate breakthrough tank regiments tasked with infantry support.

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was fitted to the rear of the tank for communication with infantry. In earlier models, turrets using the 6-pounder Mark V were fitted with a counterweight. Two hundred and ten

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Close support. Placed the 2-pounder gun in the hull and the howitzer in the turret, available in very limited numbers. Sometimes called the "Churchill II". Not used in combat.

1536:. Delivery of the first 25 units took place in May 1942, but adoption by the Red Army was delayed because of the 30 that were sent by June 1942, 20 had been lost in shipping. 666:

A leaflet from the manufacturer was added to the User Handbook, which also described known faults, with work-arounds and what was being done to correct the problem. It said:

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FV3902 "Toad" in its collection in 2008 after it was restored to full working order by RR Services in Kent, England; it was subsequently sold at auction and acquired by the

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1,600 produced, together with Mark VIII. The second big redesign, the VII used the 75mm gun, was wider and carried much more armour, 50 per cent thicker at the front than a

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had been built, a better-armoured specification, the Mark VII, entered service with the British Army. The improved versions performed well in the later stages of the war.

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heavy tank, a steering wheel. The tiller was connected, with servo assistance, hydraulically to the steering brakes. The Churchill was also the first tank to utilise the

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were eventually disbanded at Ahmednagar on 28 February 1946, the majority of personnel already having been repatriated to the United Kingdom or posted to other units.

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The Churchill NA75s, Churchill Mark IVs converted to carry the US 75 mm gun, were used in Italy. As the Churchill proved to be a better gun platform than the

682:; "a brilliant design that went into production off the drawing board without adequate prototype testing and had the most disastrous teething troubles" according to 2992:

The howitzer could fire smoke or HE but only smoke was carried as the range of the HE round was short and firing smoke was the purpose of the close support (CS) gun

910: 730:, which had been introduced on the Mk VI. It was primarily this variant, the A22F, which served through the remainder of war. It was re-designated A42 in 1945. 585:) which had been rendered pointless by the fast pace of German armoured warfare a heavy tank that could defend the infantry from other tanks was still desired. 3802: 3609: 777:

The gearbox featured a regenerative steering system that was controlled by a tiller bar instead of the more commonplace brake levers or, as with the German

846:(40,640 kg). This caused a reduction in the tanks' maximum speed from its original 26 km/h (16 mph) down to 20.4 km/h (12.7 mph). 6406: 2571: 1653: 581:. While intended for "positional warfare" and direct assaults against fortifications (it was referred to as "Shelled Area Tank", or by the French phrase 574: 4587: 5968: 4891: 1310:. The results were to be used to determine any modifications required for use in the tropics; Matildas were used as a reference point in the tests at 2664:, and also, the British army was going through a change of doctrine, meaning large infantry tanks to support men were no longer needed on the front. 2435:

675 produced. The III was the first major armament overhaul of the series, eliminating the hull howitzer and equipping the tank with a more powerful

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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.

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were given names, such as the contemporary Covenanter, Crusader, Cromwell, Cavalier and Comet but infantry tank naming had no particular pattern.

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in the Imperial War Museum collection shows a knocked out Churchill Mk III among "abandoned Italian M13/40 tanks" at El Alamein, 2 November 1942.

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With a German invasion of Britain looking imminent, and the loss of a substantial amount of military vehicles in the evacuation from France, the

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1,127 produced. Replaced the hull howitzer with another machine gun to reduce cost and complexity. Sometimes referred to as "Churchill Ia".

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The Churchill tank was briefly operated from 1950 to 1951, and withdrew in October 1951 from Korea. All Churchills were retired from the

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sent four Churchill tanks as reinforcement; their contributions to the battle were widely praised by British and American historians.

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The origins of the Churchill's design lay in the expectation that war in Europe might be fought in conditions similar to those of the

3752: 822:) it was not sloped, reducing its effectiveness. Earlier models were given extra armour by the expedient of welding on extra plates. 6240: 4929: 4723: 4704: 3778: 2588:

In addition to the tanks, several specialist Churchill variants were developed, chiefly for combat engineering roles. The Churchill

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Churchill Mark III, looking noticeably different from the Mark I, with a new turret and gun, and new side skirtings for the tracks

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defensive position made a particular contribution to Allied success. In one encounter, on 21 April 1943, during the start of the

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engine was effectively two engines in horizontally opposed configuration ("flat twelve") on a common crankshaft. There were four

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1,600 produced, together with Mark VII. A Churchill VII with a 95 mm howitzer and 47 rounds in a slightly different turret.

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Turrets for the earliest Marks were single piece castings. One thousand were supplied from the United States: 600 complete from

5461: 5456: 2877: 2744: 2589: 454: 4138: 5466: 5405: 3854: 3681: 1353: 1175: 5400: 3571: 1644: 607:(Vauxhall's commercial vehicle operations) six-cylinder lorry engine, giving rise to its name of "Twin-Six". Although using 492:

The name only incidentally matched what became the British Army practice of giving service names beginning with C to tanks.

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For Churchill I–VI: 102 mm hull front, 76 mm hull side, 51 mm hull rear, 89 mm turret front, 76 mm turret side and rear

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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.

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The Churchill tank was produced with Vauxhall as the design parent. Subcontracted work on some tanks was provided by

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was a flamethrower tank which replaced the hull machine gun with a flamethrower and towed an armoured fuel trailer.

6416: 6376: 6295: 6031: 5818: 5593: 5221: 5031: 4939: 4800: 2644: 2481: 918: 458: 293: 1375: 1337:, and arrived on the Korean Peninsula along with its first-sent troops in November 1950. Most of these tanks were 6305: 6300: 5983: 5973: 5691: 4164: 3700: 3620: 2901: 2584:

AVRE 230mm Petard Mortar and its ammunition (projectile standing on its flat nose, with tail facing up, at right)

1274: 1062:

Churchill tanks on the Dieppe beach. The Y-shaped pipes on the rear decking are exhaust pipe extensions to allow

1058: 5838: 5716: 5426: 5421: 5415: 5140: 4877: 2973:

Who was also responsible for the triple differential design of the Merritt-Brown gearbox used in the Churchill.

1477: 1236: 1179: 1042: 1038: 635:, the scenario of trench warfare in Northern Europe was no longer applicable and the design was revised by Dr 1130:

Two Mark II had been sent to North Africa for trials and they were joined by six Mk III Churchills (with the

640: 6411: 6310: 6124: 5853: 5843: 5199: 4900: 4655: 4647: 2926: 2511: 2440: 2411: 1446: 1334: 1207: 683: 4826: 6220: 5783: 5293: 5126: 3727: 2632: 1628: 1152: 1144: 799: 612: 549:

with advice from the Department of Tank Design. The General Staff had proposed that it was armed with two

432: 6390: 5732: 5583: 5360: 2436: 2384: 1580:

reported that spares had all but run out. Experiments were carried out involving replacing the existing

1552: 1498: 1349: 1131: 782: 698: 566: 550: 450: 281: 275: 257:

Mark VII–VIII: 152 mm hull and turret front, 95 mm hull sides and turret sides and rear, 51 mm hull rear

4764: 2964:

It was thought the muzzle might catch in the ground, and a shortened version would have poor ballistics

726:

in 1944. The Mk VII improved on the already heavy armour of the Churchill with a wider chassis and the

4859: 3810:(in Korean). Republic of Korea: Ministry of Defense Institute for Military History. pp. 140–143. 3739: 3723: 1243:, as well as subsequent operations in the Low Countries and into Germany, such as the fighting in the 6255: 6210: 5525: 5365: 2507: 2503: 1548: 1544: 1159: 859:

which the Churchills' own guns often lacked sufficient armour penetration to fight back effectively.

3986: 2643:, on a Churchill chassis and turret. It was known that insufficient numbers of the 17 pounder armed 6364: 6360: 6180: 6175: 5709: 5598: 5440: 5389: 4511: 4364: 4109: 2820: 2718: 2628: 2601: 2575: 2515: 1592: 1491: 1338: 1248: 902: 711:

The poor speed of the Churchill nearly caused production to be ceased in favour of the forthcoming

679: 423:, best known for its heavy armour, large longitudinal chassis with all-around tracks with multiple 352: 1030:

In March and April 1942, Vauxhall stopped producing new tanks. Together with Broom & Wade (at

5763: 5531: 5204: 5189: 5172: 5159: 4944: 4466: 2463: 1585: 1263: 1240: 1084: 872: 814:(6.0 in). Though this armour was considerably thicker than its rivals (including the German 723: 648: 578: 443: 4846: 2647:

were going to be produced in time for the invasion of Europe, and work was only starting on the

546: 127: 678:

of Vauxhall achieved miracles with the Churchill and its Merrit-Brown Tank Gearbox produced by

6041: 5313: 5278: 5241: 5194: 5107: 4719: 4700: 4672: 4633: 4629: 4610: 4591: 4564: 4538: 4515: 4065: 3925: 3850: 3811: 3756: 3701:"Report on 34 Armoured Brigade Operations: The Reichswald Forest Phase, 8 to 17 February 1945" 3400: 3309: 3305: 3212: 3010: 2619: 2471: 1473: 1244: 1148: 868: 795: 727: 482: 287: 6280: 6215: 6160: 5876: 5566: 5384: 5370: 5347: 5319: 5066: 4934: 4904: 4498: 2684: 2661: 2648: 2546:

The same improvements as for the IX applied to a MkV CS. Does not appear to have been built.

2474:

guns, creating the Mark IV (75). The QF 75 mm had a muzzle brake unlike the 6-pounder.

2388: 1162:

in February – March 1943. At a place called Steamroller Farm, two Churchill Mk III tanks of

1134:) to form the Special Tank Squadron commanded by Major Norris King. They saw action in the 1080: 770: 766: 632: 608: 604: 558: 420: 315: 105: 3558: 2807: 1262:

A single Churchill, possibly a Mk V, was trialled in Burma in 1945. It was operated by the

6250: 6185: 6011: 5953: 5948: 5916: 5603: 5432: 5151: 5121: 5011: 4853: 4804: 4095: 3208: 2858: 2795: 2790: 2653: 2636: 1613: 1589: 1556: 1318:. The Churchill was found to be, overall, superior to the other tanks for jungle warfare. 1303: 1192: 750: 652: 651:

and France. These new specifications, for the A22 or Infantry Tank Mark IV, were given to

562: 535: 439: 147: 133: 3784: 1074:

in France. The Dieppe raid was planned to temporarily take control of the French port of

1147:

of three regiments was sent to Africa, and went into action in February 1943 during the

6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6245: 6235: 6200: 6190: 6107: 6102: 6074: 5901: 5619: 5609: 5555: 5324: 5076: 5001: 4534: 4390: 4339: 4317: 2916: 2911: 2862: 2778: 2757: 2752: 825: 524: 516: 510: 334:

Bedford 12-cylinder, 4 stroke, water-cooled, horizontally opposed, L-head petrol engine

246: 81: 4842:

Detailed history of the 9th Battalion, using Churchills from introduction to war's end

1333:

During the Korean War, the United Kingdom deployed 20 Churchill tanks from C Company,

6400: 6195: 6056: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6006: 6001: 5978: 5352: 5308: 5265: 5257: 5249: 5058: 5047: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5006: 4996: 4949: 4665: 2921: 2848: 2816: 2593: 1533: 1088: 914: 898: 712: 694:

in the hull to deliver a HE shell, albeit not on a howitzer's usual high trajectory.

644: 636: 600: 592: 531: 527: 428: 416: 57: 4415: 6320: 6315: 6225: 6205: 6036: 5993: 5943: 5923: 5848: 5833: 5674: 5640: 5614: 5572: 5536: 5376: 5330: 5236: 4991: 4983: 4139:"RM Sotheby's – FV3901 Churchill Toad Flail Tank | The Littlefield Collection 2014" 2844: 2770: 2765: 2727: 1597: 1521: 1364: 1348:

In action against the Chinese, they mostly fought as gun tanks, for example in the

1224: 1092: 1031: 616: 596: 493: 462: 431:, and its use as the basis of many specialist vehicles. It was one of the heaviest 5871: 4441: 3685: 1083:

were allocated to support the infantry and commandos; they would be put ashore by

803:

while also being considerably more effective when used in infantry support roles.

3575: 1524:

was sent 301 Churchill tanks (45 Mk II, 151 Mk III and 105 Mk IV) as part of the

1091:, engineer teams to demolish road blocks and a few of the tanks were fitted with 733:

The Churchill was a versatile project and was used in numerous specialist roles.

6084: 5928: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5863: 5788: 5778: 5701: 5678: 5515: 5091: 4970: 2885: 2404: 2396: 1322: 1071: 1063: 705: 675: 489:"That is the tank they named after me when they found out it was no damn good!" 2415:

Churchill Mk II tank of the Polish 16th Armoured Brigade in the United Kingdom.

1563:. It was also used in other battles until 1944 (82nd regiment of heavy tanks). 6094: 6069: 5933: 5911: 5773: 5758: 5740: 5658: 5494: 5410: 5113: 5071: 5036: 4962: 4921: 4195: 2906: 2881: 2832: 2828: 2811:

The Churchill Trust's Mark IV participating in The Tank Museum's Tankfest 2012

2774: 2640: 2467: 2455: 1576: 1547:(47th and 48th regiments of heavy tanks – 42 Churchills). In 1943, the Soviet 1525: 1341: 1315: 1307: 1299: 1278: 855: 659: 520: 109: 17: 4863: 3796: 3794: 1098:

In the event, the German defences were stronger than expected. The beach was

704:

In August 1942, the Churchill was used offensively for the first time in the

6144: 6079: 5938: 5828: 5808: 5803: 5768: 5748: 5662: 5288: 5164: 4954: 2782: 2680: 2675: 2657: 1188: 1171: 1108: 851: 486: 4093:

Rulers of Iraq and Saudi Arabia bury an old feud with big party in Baghdad

3507: 1636: 449:

The Churchill was used by British and other Commonwealth forces during the

236:

5 (commander, gunner, loader/radio operator, driver, co-driver/hull gunner)

4837:

Detailed vehicle description at 9th Battalion, Royal Tank Regiment website

2439:

gun with 84 rounds. It had a new welded, "cleaner", squarish turret (from

515:

Initially specified just before the outbreak of the Second World War, the

6165: 6134: 6046: 5823: 5560: 5041: 3069:"Britain's Struggle To Build Effective Tanks During The Second World War" 2936: 2840: 1212: 1104: 819: 746: 620: 4797: 2514:

in Korea. The Mark VII was designed to be able to be converted into the

1199:, UK. As of early 2021, it is the only working Tiger tank in the world. 465:

during the Second World War and more than 250 saw active service on the

461:

campaigns. In addition, 344 Churchills were sent as military aid to the

6325: 6155: 6129: 5793: 5753: 4557:

The Great Tank Scandal: British Armour in the Second World War - Part 1

4048: 2931: 2723: 2499: 2470:

tanks (the Churchill NA75's), while others were up-gunned with British

1581: 1480:

to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is

1356:' position during the defence of Seoul, Brigadier Thomas Brodie of the 1183: 894: 815: 791: 778: 722:

The second major improved Churchill, the Mk VII, was first used in the

690:

2 pounder (40 mm) gun, which was improved by the addition of

589: 570: 554: 542: 4792: 4718:. New Vanguard 247. illustrated by Henry Morshead. Osprey Publishing. 4699:. New Vanguard 272. illustrated by Henry Morshead. Osprey Publishing. 2760:– retired from British Army service in 1952, replaced by the Centurion 2623:

Side view of the Black Prince, probably taken near the end of the war.

5906: 5666: 5099: 4628:. New Vanguard No. 4. illustrated by Peter Sarson and Mike Chappell. 2866: 2740: 2735: 2697: 2692: 1311: 1267: 1196: 1075: 1555:(15th and 36th regiments of heavy tanks – 42 Churchills) during the 3191: 3189: 1612:

Churchill Mark I with hull-mounted 3-inch howitzer in exercises on

5670: 4469:

on Flickr, accessed April 2018. Chamberlain and Ellis (1971) p. 20

2806: 2710: 2705: 2618: 2579: 2410: 2400: 2376:

The following Churchill variants saw primary use as battle tanks:

1643: 1635: 1627: 1619: 1607: 1511: 1374: 1206: 1118: 1099: 1057: 824: 740: 424: 4580:

The Universal Tank: British Armour in the Second World War Part 2

3040:

Tank Museum, Bovington. Tank Infantry Mark IV A22F, Churchill VII

745:

Churchill tanks of 9th Royal Tank Regiment during an exercise at

6290: 6285: 6117: 6112: 5963: 5958: 5813: 5798: 5688:

British armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II

5630: 5625: 4912: 4560: 1438: 1158:

Churchill tanks took part in containing the German offensive of

889:

British armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II

5705: 4873: 541:

A general outline produced by Woolwich Arsenal was expanded by

3598:"War Monthly". No. 34–45. War Monthly Publications. 1976. 1390: 1167:

two Panzer III tanks and infliction of nearly 200 casualties.

1045:

that were finished by other companies before shipping to UK.

3682:"Operation "Whitehot" – Creation of the Churchill Mark Na75" 3661: 3659: 3657: 611:

to fit within the space, the engine was developed with high

3684:. The North Irish Horse and Steeds of Steel. Archived from 388: 4832:"Churchill" Heavy Infantry Tank in the Russian Battlefield 2399:

and in Tunisia; some were still in use late in the war in

715:; it was saved by the successful use of the Mk III at the 4531:

Churchill's Secret Weapons: the story of Hobart's Funnies

4508:

An Illustrated Data Guide to Battle Tanks of World War II

3964: 3962: 3753:""The Churchill in Australian Service" by Micheal Grieve" 3635: 3633: 3326: 3324: 3322: 2819:

or war memorials, while many examples reside in museums.

1528:

programme. 43 of them (19 Mk II and 24 Mk III) were lost

1070:

The Churchill first saw combat on 19 August 1942, in the

4607:

British Battle Tanks: British-Made Tanks of World War II

2480:

241 produced. A Churchill equipped with a close support

1450:

to this template: there are already 931 articles in the

1235:

Churchills saw widespread action in Normandy during the

519:(its General Staff specification) was to supplement the 4365:"Tank Infantry A22B Churchill Mark III AVRE (E1988.88)" 3987:"Tank Infantry Mark IV A22F, Churchill VII (E1949.339)" 3900: 3898: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3864: 3862: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3106: 3104: 3102: 2540:

The same improvements as for the IX applied to a Mk VI.

1227:, the effective range of the 75 mm was increased. 829:

Close-up of road wheels and tracks of Churchill Mk. VII

798:

capabilities. The tank underwent field modification in

4416:"Special Guest 3: Churchill Mk3 – The Churchill Trust" 3203:(Reprint of original WW2 operating manuals ed.). 2955:

TOAD Flail in reserve for British Army until mid-1960s

6374: 4748:. The Royal Tank Regiment Association. Archived from 3981: 3979: 3977: 3545: 3543: 3341: 3339: 1379:

A Soviet Churchill Mk IV passes a knocked-out German

1081:

14th Army Tank Regiment (The Calgary Regiment (Tank))

4190: 4188: 4186: 3922:

Irish Army vehicles: transport and armour since 1922

3847:

Official History: The British Part in the Korean War

3358:

Bird, Lorrin Rexford; Livingston, Robert D. (2001).

1434: 1430:

a machine-translated version of the Russian article.

6143: 6093: 6055: 5992: 5862: 5739: 5681:, field conversions of vehicles of various origins 5548: 5503: 5480: 5449: 5340: 5301: 5287: 5220: 5182: 5150: 5139: 5090: 5057: 4982: 4920: 4911: 3728:"Performance of the Churchill Tank in Burma – 1945" 2510:regiments in western Europe, one in Italy and with 1123:Churchill Mark III tanks of 'Kingforce' during the 397: 387: 375: 367: 359: 348: 340: 330: 303: 264: 245: 232: 224: 216: 208: 191: 186: 173: 162: 154: 143: 120: 115: 101: 88: 76: 71: 63: 53: 34: 6354:List of armoured fighting vehicles of World War II 4664: 753:, 31 January 1942. Front tank is a Churchill MK. 1 4767:– aiming to restore a Mk III, Mk, IV, and Mk VII. 4126:The Churchill Mark IV at Bovington Tankfest 2012. 3915: 3913: 3049:Churchill Infantry Tank by David Fletcher page 31 4070:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3058:Churchill Infantry Tank by David Fletcher page 8 2387:gun in the turret with 150 rounds and a coaxial 4742:"Fabrication of the new Churchill Tank, MK VII" 3804:Korean War : Weapons of the United Nations 3430:"Armour Welding On The Churchill Tank Mark VII" 3234:"Fabrication of the new Churchill Tank, MK VII" 2459: 911:Gloucester Railway Carriage & Wagon Company 668: 569:or the French short 75 mm gun (as used on 6427:Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944 4930:Light tank Mk I, Mk II, Mk III, Mk IV and Mk V 4110:"The Churchill Trust at Bovington Tank Museum" 3943: 3941: 3373:Churchill – vehicle history and specifications 1476:accompanying your translation by providing an 1421:Click for important translation instructions. 1408:expand this section with text translated from 1211:North Irish Horse Churchill advancing towards 854:with the short-barrel 75 mm gun, and the 5717: 4885: 8: 4588:Royal Electrical & Mechanical Engineers 4052:. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022 6349: 5724: 5710: 5702: 5298: 5147: 4917: 4892: 4878: 4870: 4486:British and American Tanks of World War II 3742:by Steve Rothwell. Retrieved 11 April 2018 3730:by Steve Rothwell. Retrieved 11 April 2018 3619:, p. 3, February 2012, archived from 3001:They replaced the 48th Royal Tank Regiment 2572:List of specialist Churchill tank variants 1661: 1654:list of specialist Churchill tank variants 1543:In 1942–1943, Churchills were used in the 1277:returned to India from Burma, arriving at 588:At an initial 32 tons, with a 300 hp 31: 4671:. AFV Profile No. 1. Profile Publishing. 4493:Chamberlain, Peter; Ellis, Chris (1971). 4484:Chamberlain, Peter; Ellis, Chris (1969). 4274:"The Churchill Trust added 13 new photos" 2639:, a British modification of the American 2383:303 produced. Equipped with a 40 mm 1298:In mid-1944, at the request of Britain's 899:Metropolitan‑Cammell Carriage & Wagon 6422:World War II tanks of the United Kingdom 4690:. AFV Profile No.20. Profile Publishing. 4300:"The Churchill Trust added 3 new photos" 4248:"The Churchill Trust added 3 new photos" 4222:"The Churchill Trust added 3 new photos" 4020: 3968: 3665: 3639: 3493: 3472: 3399:. Dorling Kindersley. 2017. p. 94. 3383: 3330: 3264: 3243: 3171: 3141: 3129: 3110: 2611:by removing the turret from Churchills. 923: 6381: 5589:Bedford Cockatrice and Heavy Cockatrice 4856:, 9th Battalion Driver/Mechanic 1942–45 4442:"*Tank Museum Star* Churchill Mark III" 4391:"Unique ID 1954: A43 Black Prince Tank" 4306:. The Churchill Trust. 19 January 2016. 3676: 3674: 3096:, The Daily Mirror Newspapers Ltd, 1962 3033: 2948: 2747:) – retired in 1947 without replacement 2592:was a Churchill III or IV armed with a 1648:Churchill Mark VIII with 95 mm howitzer 1516:A captured Soviet Churchill Mk IV, 1943 479:John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough 405:Triple differential steering in gearbox 355:4-speed constant-mesh epicyclic gearbox 201:40.7 t (40.1 long tons) (Mark VII) 4280:. The Churchill Trust. 30 January 2016 4063: 3904: 3889: 3868: 3230: 3228: 2839:. There are two Churchill Mark IVs at 2837:Australian Armour and Artillery Museum 2825:Military Vehicle Technology Foundation 2815:A number of Churchills still exist as 2798:– retired, replaced with the Centurion 2700:– retired, replaced with the Centurion 2609:"Kangaroo" armoured personnel carriers 1455: 4328:from the original on 8 December 2019. 4254:. The Churchill Trust. 24 August 2014 4116:. The Churchill Trust. 22 August 2013 3362:. Overmatch Press. pp. 115, 120. 3345: 3288: 3276: 3094:Churchill the Great, The Best Stories 2726:– retired in 1969, replaced with the 2485:for the gun in the turret front face. 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2305: 2303: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2136: 2134: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2118: 2116: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2092: 2090: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2016: 2014: 1976: 1974: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1013:(together with Churchill VIII) 1,400 413:Tank, Infantry, Mk IV (A22) Churchill 323:(Mark I) or one Besa MG (other marks) 198:39.1 t (38.5 long tons) (Mark I) 7: 4340:"Unique ID 1376: A22 Churchill Tank" 4318:"Unique ID 1378: A22 Churchill Tank" 4084:Chamberlain & Ellis (1969) p. 77 697:Production of a turret to carry the 4780:from the original on 10 August 2011 4228:. The Churchill Trust. 27 July 2014 3019:142nd Regiment Royal Armoured Corps 1288:150th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps 1284:149th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps 647:, based on the combat witnessed in 477:The Churchill tank was named after 5578:Australian experimental light tank 4945:Light tank Mk VIII 'Harry Hopkins' 4903:armoured fighting vehicles of the 4686:Chamberlain, Peter; Ellis, Chris. 3849:, Volume I, London: HMSO, p. 389, 3360:WWII Ballistics: Armor and Gunnery 2516:"Crocodile" flame-throwing variant 1302:, the Churchill was tested by the 1024:(together with Churchill VII) 200 980:(together with Churchill V) 1,622 220:10 ft 8 in (3.25 m) 212:24 ft 5 in (7.44 m) 25: 6407:Heavy tanks of the United Kingdom 4626:Churchill Infantry Tank 1941–1945 1488:{{Translated|ru|Черчилль_(танк)}} 991:(together with Churchill IV) 241 895:Whessoe Foundry & Engineering 783:Merritt-Brown triple differential 371:150 Imperial Gallons (682 liter) 228:8 ft 2 in (2.49 m) 6384: 6348: 6339: 6338: 3845:Farrar-Hockley, Anthony (1990), 2847:, while the other is located at 2789: 2764: 2751: 2734: 2717: 2704: 2691: 2674: 1395: 1352:. To restore the 1st Battalion, 42: 36:Tank, Infantry, Mk IV Churchill 5462:Morris Light Reconnaissance Car 5457:Humber Light Reconnaissance Car 5406:Marmon-Herrington Armoured Cars 4860:"Churchills in Burma and India" 4716:Soviet Lend-Lease Tanks of WWII 4584:Her Majesty's Stationery Office 3780:Churchills shipped to Australia 3740:"Churchills in Burma and India" 3724:"Churchills in Burma and India" 3205:His Majesty's Stationery Office 2745:Polish Armed Forces in the West 2590:Assault Vehicle Royal Engineers 5467:Otter Light Reconnaissance Car 4773:Churchill Infantry Tank (A.22) 4688:Churchill and Sherman Specials 3211:. pp. vii, 9(3), 29(19). 2843:in France; one is residing at 1486:You may also add the template 1354:Royal Northumberland Fusiliers 907:Newton, Chambers & Company 838:, the cast sections as IT 90. 383:75–130 miles (120–210 km) 163: 93: 1: 5733:Tanks of the Second World War 4652:Silver Ghosts and Silver Dawn 4609:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 3508:"The Calgary Tanks at Dieppe" 2683:– retired, replaced with the 2607:Churchills were converted to 178: 5490:AEC Armoured Command Vehicle 4044:"AVRE 230MM – Fact Checking" 2831:, United States, acquired a 1002:(improved Churchill IV) 200 808:Vickers Tank Periscope MK.IV 623:seats to give 350 bhp. 617:sodium-cooled exhaust valves 534:anti-tank guns and carry an 336:350 hp (261 kW) at 2,200 rpm 5401:Lanchester 6×4 armoured car 4529:Delaforce, Patrick (2006). 4506:Chant, Christopher (1997). 2777:) – retired, replaced with 2518:without major modification. 2393:Ordnance QF 3 inch howitzer 1665:Churchill tank development 1458:will aid in categorization. 1182:got the better of a German 1136:Second Battle of El Alamein 1125:Second Battle of El Alamein 925:Churchill tank production 806:Churchills made use of the 717:Second Battle of El Alamein 615:pistons, dual ignition and 575:British Expeditionary Force 27:British heavy infantry tank 6443: 4940:Light tank Mk VII Tetrarch 4847:Memories of Frank Meredith 4827:Churchills in Soviet Union 4765:The Churchill Tank Project 4714:Zaloga, Steven J. (2017). 4512:Chelsea House Publications 3610:"The Capture of Tiger 131" 2645:Cruiser Mk VIII Challenger 2569: 2482:Ordnance QF 95 mm howitzer 2466:taken from battle-damaged 2391:. It was equipped with an 1651: 1433:Machine translation, like 1178:, a Churchill tank of the 1017: 1006: 995: 984: 973: 962: 951: 940: 886: 508: 393:15 mph (24 km/h) 6334: 5692:Tanks in the British Army 5649: 3924:. K. Martin. p. 58. 3512:Canadian Military History 3463:Fletcher (2019) pp. 24–25 2902:Tanks in the British Army 2331: 2329: 2327: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2301: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2281: 2279: 2202: 2200: 2166: 2164: 2146: 2144: 2132: 2130: 2122: 2120: 2114: 2110: 2108: 2096: 2094: 2074: 2072: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2044: 2042: 2036: 2034: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2012: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1915: 1913: 1876: 1874: 1853: 1851: 1845: 1843: 1823: 1819: 1817: 1811: 1809: 1732: 1730: 1410:the corresponding article 1339:Mk. VII (A42) 'Crocodile' 1275:254th Indian Tank Brigade 553:, each located in a side 240: 64:Place of origin 41: 5427:Rover Light Armoured Car 5422:Rolls-Royce armoured car 5416:Rhino Heavy Armoured Car 4695:Fletcher, David (2019). 4656:Constable & Robinson 4648:Robotham, William Arthur 4605:Fletcher, David (2017). 4578:Fletcher, David (1993). 3015:51st Royal Tank Regiment 2441:Babcock & Wilcox Ltd 1588:engine salvaged from an 1561:Fourth Battle of Kharkov 1385:fourth battle of Kharkov 1180:48th Royal Tank Regiment 1043:American Steel Foundries 915:Charles Roberts & Co 48:A Churchill Mark IV tank 5969:Type 97 ShinHōtō Chi-Ha 4803:17 January 2010 at the 4697:Churchill Infantry Tank 4667:Churchill, B.I.T. Mk IV 4624:Perrett, Bryan (1993). 4499:Arms & Armour Press 4165:"FV3902 Churchill Toad" 3506:Henry, Hugh G. (1995), 3302:Churchill Infantry Tank 2927:Kliment Voroshilov tank 2512:7th Royal Tank Regiment 2495:Churchill Mk VII (A22F) 1551:used Churchills in the 1497:For more guidance, see 1335:7th Royal Tank Regiment 1321:It was not used in the 1176:Battle of Longstop Hill 641:Director of Tank Design 427:, its ability to climb 344:9.1 hp (6.7 kW) / tonne 6241:Special number 3 Ku-Ro 6221:Panzerkampfwagen E-100 6027:Cromwell (and Centaur) 5784:Marmon-Herrington CTLS 5433:Staghound Armoured Car 5395:Indian Pattern Carrier 5377:Greyhound Armoured Car 5353:Boarhound Armoured Car 5127:Vickers Medium Mark II 4809:OnWar specifications: 3801:Bak, Dongchan (2021). 2812: 2624: 2585: 2416: 1649: 1641: 1633: 1625: 1617: 1517: 1388: 1216: 1170:A Churchill tank in a 1153:21st Army Tank Brigade 1145:25th Army Tank Brigade 1127: 1067: 830: 754: 728:British 75 mm gun 673: 579:evacuated from Dunkirk 551:QF 2 pounder guns 5584:Basilisk Armoured Car 5549:Experimental vehicles 5361:Coventry Armoured Car 4776:. wwiiequipment.com. 4746:royaltankregiment.com 4663:White, B. T. (1983). 3920:Martin, Karl (2002). 3705:royaltankregiment.com 3484:Fletcher (2019) p. 20 3092:p. 101, Victor Sims, 2810: 2622: 2583: 2462:in North Africa with 2437:Ordnance QF 6-pounder 2414: 2385:Ordnance QF 2-pounder 1647: 1639: 1631: 1623: 1611: 1553:Battle of Prokhorovka 1515: 1499:Knowledge:Translation 1470:copyright attribution 1378: 1358:29th Infantry Brigade 1350:Third Battle of Seoul 1210: 1151:. It was followed by 1122: 1061: 828: 744: 5526:C15TA Armoured Truck 5366:Daimler Armoured Car 5027:Centaur and Cromwell 4901:British Commonwealth 3827:on 20 September 2022 3699:Veale, Lt-Col P.N., 3688:on 22 February 2011. 3183:Fletcher, pp. 21, 58 3073:Imperial War Museums 2508:Royal Armoured Corps 1549:5th Guards Tank Army 1545:Battle of Stalingrad 1383:armoured car at the 1329:Korean War and after 1160:Operation Ochsenkopf 921:for final assembly. 903:Babcock & Wilcox 871:on 30/31 July 1944 ( 6365:Tank classification 6361:History of the tank 5450:Reconnaissance cars 5441:Standard Beaverette 5390:Humber Armoured Car 4852:17 May 2006 at the 4793:Armour in Focus A22 4324:. 2 November 2010. 4200:armourinfocus.co.uk 4042:Armoured Archives. 4011:Fletcher 2019 p. 44 3549:Fletcher 2019 p. 24 3454:Fletcher 2019 p. 19 3419:Perrett, pp. 34–35. 3246:, pp. 139–144. 2878:Cavalry Tank Museum 2821:Jacques Littlefield 2615:Further development 2602:Churchill Crocodile 2566:Specialist vehicles 2506:and equipped three 1593:Supermarine Seafire 1249:Operation Veritable 926: 680:David Brown Limited 599:and the slow-speed 547:Harland & Wolff 485:told Field Marshal 314:one coaxial 7.92mm 128:Harland & Wolff 6344:World War II tanks 6032:Mk VIII Challenger 5764:Light Tank Mk VIII 5532:Leyland Beaver-Eel 5222:Armoured personnel 5205:M10 tank destroyer 4864:The Burma Campaign 4495:The Churchill Tank 4488:. Arco Publishing. 4446:www.tankmuseum.org 4420:www.tankmuseum.org 4395:preservedtanks.com 4344:preservedtanks.com 4322:preservedtanks.com 4145:. 13 November 2017 3578:on 21 August 2010. 2813: 2803:Surviving vehicles 2625: 2586: 2504:Battle of Normandy 2417: 1650: 1642: 1640:Churchill Mark VII 1634: 1626: 1618: 1586:Rolls-Royce Merlin 1518: 1478:interlanguage link 1389: 1381:Sd.Kfz 232 (8-Rad) 1264:3rd Dragoon Guards 1241:Operation Bluecoat 1237:Battle of Hill 112 1217: 1128: 1085:Landing Craft Tank 1068: 924: 873:Operation Bluecoat 831: 818:tank, but not the 755: 724:Battle of Normandy 435:tanks of the war. 368:Fuel capacity 116:Production history 6417:Vauxhall vehicles 6372: 6371: 5699: 5698: 5567:AC3 'Thunderbolt' 5476: 5475: 5279:Universal Carrier 5216: 5215: 5195:17pdr SP Achilles 5135: 5134: 4639:978-1-85532-297-4 4630:Osprey Publishing 4616:978-1-4728-2003-7 4597:978-0-11-290534-9 4570:978-0-11-290460-1 4544:978-1-84415-464-7 4521:978-1-85501-856-3 4371:. The Tank Museum 4202:. Armour in Focus 4171:. 15 January 2017 4169:Tank Encyclopedia 4023:, pp. 25–26. 3993:. The Tank Museum 3668:, pp. 172–3. 3626:on 6 October 2014 3537:Perrett pp. 15–16 3496:, pp. 20–21. 3406:978-0-2412-5031-0 3306:Osprey Publishing 3218:978-0-11-290404-5 3011:North Irish Horse 2534:("Light Turret"). 2521:Churchill Mk VIII 2472:Ordnance QF 75 mm 2426:Churchill Mk IICS 2374: 2373: 2370: 2369: 1632:Churchill Mark VI 1510: 1509: 1422: 1418: 1306:, along with the 1270:then in service. 1231:North-West Europe 1149:Tunisian campaign 1028: 1027: 719:in October 1942. 692:a 3-inch howitzer 583:Char de Fortresse 483:Winston Churchill 459:North-West Europe 409: 408: 296:(Mark V and VIII) 290:(Mark VI and VII) 284:(Mark III and IV) 16:(Redirected from 6434: 6389: 6388: 6387: 6380: 6352: 6351: 6342: 6341: 6216:Panzer VIII Maus 5944:Panzer V Panther 5726: 5719: 5712: 5703: 5481:Armoured command 5385:Guy Armoured Car 5371:Fox Armoured Car 5348:AEC Armoured Car 5320:Humber scout car 5299: 5148: 4935:Light tank Mk VI 4918: 4905:Second World War 4894: 4887: 4880: 4871: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4729: 4710: 4691: 4682: 4670: 4659: 4643: 4620: 4601: 4574: 4548: 4525: 4502: 4489: 4470: 4464: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4448:. tankmuseum.org 4438: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4422:. tankmuseum.org 4412: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4336: 4330: 4329: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4244: 4238: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4196:"Churchill AVRE" 4192: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4135: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4121: 4106: 4100: 4091: 4085: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4069: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4039: 4033: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4009: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3983: 3972: 3966: 3957: 3954: 3948: 3945: 3936: 3935: 3917: 3908: 3902: 3893: 3887: 3872: 3866: 3857: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3826: 3820:. Archived from 3809: 3798: 3789: 3788: 3787:on 26 April 2012 3783:, archived from 3775: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3759:on 18 March 2012 3755:. Archived from 3749: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3721: 3715: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3678: 3669: 3663: 3652: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3614: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3589: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3574:. Archived from 3568: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3547: 3538: 3535: 3529: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3461: 3455: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3432:. Archived from 3426: 3420: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3375: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3334: 3328: 3317: 3300:David Fletcher, 3298: 3292: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3232: 3223: 3222: 3193: 3184: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3160: 3154: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3114: 3108: 3097: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3050: 3047: 3041: 3038: 3021: 3008: 3002: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2984: 2980: 2974: 2971: 2965: 2962: 2956: 2953: 2794: 2793: 2769: 2768: 2756: 2755: 2739: 2738: 2722: 2721: 2709: 2708: 2696: 2695: 2687:main battle tank 2679: 2678: 2662:Main battle tank 2576:Hobart's Funnies 2561:and a promotion. 2432:Churchill Mk III 2389:Besa machine gun 1671: 1670: 1662: 1489: 1483: 1457: 1456:|topic= 1454:, and specifying 1439:Google Translate 1420: 1416: 1399: 1398: 1391: 1107:onto the Dieppe 927: 767:Bedford Vehicles 645:Woolwich Arsenal 605:Bedford Vehicles 559:Besa machine gun 444:marks (versions) 421:Second World War 390: 316:Besa machine gun 165: 106:Second World War 46: 37: 32: 21: 6442: 6441: 6437: 6436: 6435: 6433: 6432: 6431: 6397: 6396: 6395: 6385: 6383: 6375: 6373: 6368: 6330: 6186:Bob Semple tank 6161:AC3 Thunderbolt 6148: 6139: 6089: 6051: 5988: 5954:Stridsvagn m/42 5949:Stridsvagn m/41 5917:Sherman Firefly 5858: 5735: 5730: 5700: 5695: 5682: 5645: 5604:Bob Semple tank 5544: 5537:White Scout Car 5504:Armoured trucks 5499: 5482: 5472: 5445: 5336: 5314:Dingo scout car 5292: 5283: 5223: 5212: 5178: 5142: 5131: 5122:Sherman Firefly 5086: 5053: 4978: 4907: 4898: 4854:Wayback Machine 4805:Wayback Machine 4798:Henk of Holland 4783: 4781: 4770: 4755: 4753: 4752:on 26 July 2011 4740: 4737: 4732: 4726: 4713: 4707: 4694: 4685: 4679: 4662: 4646: 4640: 4623: 4617: 4604: 4598: 4577: 4571: 4553:Fletcher, David 4551: 4545: 4535:Pen & Sword 4528: 4522: 4505: 4492: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4473: 4465: 4461: 4451: 4449: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4425: 4423: 4414: 4413: 4409: 4399: 4397: 4389: 4388: 4384: 4374: 4372: 4363: 4362: 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1304:Australian Army 1296: 1260: 1258:Burma and India 1233: 1205: 1193:The Tank Museum 1117: 1056: 1051: 1049:Service history 1018:Churchill VIII 919:Dennis Brothers 891: 885: 875:) conducted by 751:Salisbury Plain 739: 629: 563:Covenanter tank 557:with a coaxial 536:unditching beam 513: 507: 502: 475: 440:First World War 402: 400: 380: 378: 335: 326: 321:3 inch howitzer 308: 306: 299: 278:(Mark I and II) 269: 267: 260: 241: 204: 148:Vauxhall Motors 139: 134:Vauxhall Motors 77:In service 72:Service history 49: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6440: 6438: 6430: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6412:Infantry tanks 6409: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6393: 6391:United Kingdom 6370: 6369: 6357: 6356: 6346: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6296:Type 98 Chi-Ho 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6201:Medium Tank M7 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6152: 6150: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6137: 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967: 964: 963:Churchill III 960: 959: 956: 953: 949: 948: 945: 942: 938: 937: 934: 931: 887:Main article: 884: 881: 738: 735: 655:in June 1940. 628: 625: 601:infantry tanks 528:infantry tanks 511:A20 heavy tank 509:Main article: 506: 503: 501: 498: 474: 471: 415:was a British 407: 406: 403: 398: 395: 394: 391: 389:Maximum speed 385: 384: 381: 376: 373: 372: 369: 365: 364: 361: 357: 356: 350: 346: 345: 342: 338: 337: 332: 328: 327: 325: 324: 318: 311: 309: 304: 301: 300: 298: 297: 291: 285: 279: 272: 270: 265: 262: 261: 259: 258: 255: 251: 249: 243: 242: 238: 237: 234: 230: 229: 226: 222: 221: 218: 214: 213: 210: 206: 205: 203: 202: 199: 195: 193: 189: 188: 187:Specifications 184: 183: 175: 171: 170: 167: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 145: 141: 140: 138: 137: 131: 124: 122: 118: 117: 113: 112: 103: 99: 98: 90: 86: 85: 82:British Empire 78: 74: 73: 69: 68: 67:United Kingdom 65: 61: 60: 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 26: 24: 18:Churchill Tank 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6439: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6392: 6382: 6378: 6367: 6366: 6362: 6355: 6347: 6345: 6337: 6336: 6333: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6306:Type 5 Chi-Ri 6304: 6302: 6301:Type 4 Chi-To 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6196:Heavy Tank M6 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6149:experimentals 6146: 6142: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6105: 6104: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6092: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6054: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6007:Cruiser Mk IV 6005: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5991: 5985: 5984:Type 3 Chi-Nu 5982: 5980: 5979:Type 3 Ka-Chi 5977: 5975: 5974:Type 1 Chi-He 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5918: 5915: 5914: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5877:43M Turán III 5875: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5861: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5839:Type 98 Ke-Ni 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5727: 5722: 5720: 5715: 5713: 5708: 5707: 5704: 5694: 5693: 5689: 5680: 5676: 5675:South African 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5651: 5648: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5568: 5565: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5547: 5541: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5502: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5479: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5448: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5431: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5341:Armoured cars 5339: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5309:Daimler Dingo 5307: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5294:armoured cars 5290: 5286: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5266:M9 half-track 5264: 5262: 5259: 5258:M5 half-track 5256: 5254: 5251: 5250:M3 half-track 5248: 5246: 5243: 5242:M2 half-track 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5219: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5181: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5157: 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4706:9781472837349 4702: 4698: 4693: 4689: 4684: 4680: 4674: 4669: 4668: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4622: 4618: 4612: 4608: 4603: 4599: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4491: 4487: 4482: 4481: 4476: 4468: 4463: 4460: 4447: 4443: 4437: 4434: 4421: 4417: 4411: 4408: 4396: 4392: 4386: 4383: 4370: 4366: 4360: 4357: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4332: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4313: 4310: 4305: 4301: 4295: 4292: 4279: 4275: 4269: 4266: 4253: 4249: 4243: 4240: 4227: 4223: 4217: 4214: 4201: 4197: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4183: 4170: 4166: 4160: 4157: 4144: 4140: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4102: 4098: 4097: 4090: 4087: 4081: 4078: 4073: 4067: 4051: 4050: 4045: 4038: 4035: 4032:Perrett, p. 9 4029: 4026: 4022: 4021:Fletcher 1993 4017: 4014: 4008: 4005: 3992: 3988: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3974: 3971:, p. 28. 3970: 3969:Fletcher 2019 3965: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3950: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3933: 3927: 3923: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3907:, p. 25. 3906: 3901: 3899: 3895: 3892:, p. 24. 3891: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3871:, p. 46. 3870: 3865: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3842: 3839: 3823: 3819: 3813: 3806: 3805: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3782: 3781: 3774: 3771: 3758: 3754: 3748: 3745: 3741: 3736: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3720: 3717: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3692: 3687: 3683: 3677: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3666:Fletcher 2017 3662: 3660: 3658: 3654: 3651:Perrett p. 11 3648: 3645: 3642:, p. 29. 3641: 3640:Fletcher 2019 3636: 3634: 3630: 3622: 3618: 3611: 3605: 3602: 3594: 3591: 3588:Perrett p. 17 3585: 3582: 3577: 3573: 3567: 3564: 3560: 3555: 3552: 3546: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3531: 3525: 3522: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3494:Fletcher 2019 3490: 3487: 3481: 3478: 3475:, p. 14. 3474: 3473:Fletcher 2019 3469: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3451: 3448: 3435: 3431: 3425: 3422: 3416: 3413: 3408: 3402: 3398: 3397:The Tank Book 3392: 3389: 3385: 3384:Fletcher 1993 3380: 3377: 3374: 3369: 3366: 3361: 3354: 3351: 3347: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3333:, p. 12. 3332: 3331:Fletcher 2019 3327: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3316:, 2019, p. 11 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3297: 3294: 3290: 3285: 3282: 3278: 3273: 3270: 3267:, p. 19. 3266: 3265:Fletcher 2019 3261: 3258: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3244:Robotham 1970 3240: 3237: 3231: 3229: 3225: 3220: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3192: 3190: 3186: 3180: 3177: 3173: 3172:Fletcher 2019 3168: 3165: 3162:Perrett, p. 4 3159: 3156: 3150: 3147: 3143: 3142:Fletcher 2019 3138: 3135: 3131: 3130:Fletcher 2019 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3111:Fletcher 2019 3107: 3105: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3074: 3070: 3064: 3061: 3055: 3052: 3046: 3043: 3037: 3034: 3027: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3007: 3004: 2998: 2995: 2989: 2986: 2979: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2961: 2958: 2952: 2949: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2922:M6 heavy tank 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2850: 2849:Graye-sur-Mer 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2809: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2729: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2671: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2621: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2598: 2595: 2594:spigot mortar 2591: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2494: 2490: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2464:US 75 mm guns 2461: 2460:were refitted 2457: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2413: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2378: 2377: 2367: 2336: 2333: 2325: 2323: 2311: 2309: 2308: 2299: 2285: 2283: 2277: 2275: 2262: 2260: 2225: 2223: 2181: 2179: 2151: 2148: 2142: 2140: 2139: 2112: 2106: 2104: 2089: 2087: 2059: 2056: 2048: 2046: 2040: 2038: 2032: 2030: 2022: 2020: 2019: 2010: 1996: 1994: 1980: 1978: 1973: 1971: 1938: 1936: 1894: 1892: 1858: 1855: 1849: 1847: 1841: 1839: 1838: 1821: 1815: 1813: 1807: 1805: 1792: 1790: 1755: 1753: 1711: 1709: 1692: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1664: 1663: 1660: 1655: 1646: 1638: 1630: 1622: 1615: 1610: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1594: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1562: 1559:, and in the 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1514: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1485: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1453: 1452:main category 1449: 1448: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1419: 1413: 1411: 1406:You can help 1402: 1393: 1392: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1336: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1293: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1221: 1214: 1209: 1202: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1165: 1161: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1140: 1137: 1133: 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E. Merritt 634: 626: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 597:cruiser tanks 594: 591: 586: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 567:6-pounder gun 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 545:shipbuilders 544: 539: 537: 533: 532:3.7 cm Pak 36 529: 526: 522: 518: 512: 504: 499: 497: 495: 494:Cruiser tanks 490: 488: 484: 480: 472: 470: 468: 467:Eastern Front 464: 460: 456: 452: 451:North African 447: 445: 441: 436: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 417:infantry tank 414: 404: 396: 392: 386: 382: 374: 370: 366: 363:Coiled spring 362: 358: 354: 353:Merritt-Brown 351: 347: 343: 339: 333: 329: 322: 319: 317: 313: 312: 310: 302: 295: 292: 289: 286: 283: 280: 277: 274: 273: 271: 263: 256: 253: 252: 250: 248: 244: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 200: 197: 196: 194: 190: 185: 182: 181: 176: 172: 169:5,640 approx. 168: 161: 157: 153: 149: 146: 142: 135: 132: 129: 126: 125: 123: 119: 114: 111: 107: 104: 100: 97: 96: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 70: 66: 62: 59: 58:Infantry tank 56: 52: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 6359:Background: 6358: 6316:Type 5 To-Ku 6311:Type 5 Ke-Ho 6206:Nahuel DL 43 6181:Black Prince 6064: 6002:AC1 Sentinel 5924:M26 Pershing 5907:M3 Lee/Grant 5854:Type 4 Ke-Nu 5849:Type 2 Ka-Mi 5844:Type 2 Ke-To 5834:Panzer 35(t) 5769:M3/M5 Stuart 5686:Background: 5685: 5654: 5615:Hillman Gnat 5599:Black Prince 5539: 5435: 5379: 5355: 5331:S1 Scout Car 5268: 5260: 5252: 5244: 5237:Loyd Carrier 5207: 5167: 5116: 5102: 5092:Medium tanks 5081: 4992:Cruiser Mk I 4973: 4965: 4957: 4955:M3/M5 Stuart 4814:Churchill IV 4782:. Retrieved 4772: 4754:. Retrieved 4750:the original 4745: 4715: 4696: 4687: 4666: 4651: 4625: 4606: 4579: 4556: 4533:. Barnsley: 4530: 4507: 4494: 4485: 4462: 4450:. Retrieved 4445: 4436: 4424:. Retrieved 4419: 4410: 4398:. Retrieved 4394: 4385: 4373:. Retrieved 4368: 4359: 4347:. Retrieved 4343: 4334: 4321: 4312: 4303: 4294: 4282:. Retrieved 4277: 4268: 4256:. Retrieved 4251: 4242: 4230:. Retrieved 4225: 4216: 4204:. Retrieved 4199: 4173:. Retrieved 4168: 4159: 4147:. Retrieved 4143:RM Sotheby's 4142: 4133: 4125: 4118:. Retrieved 4113: 4104: 4094: 4089: 4080: 4054:. Retrieved 4047: 4037: 4028: 4016: 4007: 3995:. Retrieved 3990: 3952: 3921: 3846: 3841: 3829:. Retrieved 3822:the original 3803: 3785:the original 3779: 3773: 3761:. Retrieved 3757:the original 3747: 3735: 3719: 3708:, retrieved 3704: 3694: 3686:the original 3647: 3621:the original 3616: 3604: 3593: 3584: 3576:the original 3566: 3559:Photo E18830 3554: 3533: 3524: 3515: 3511: 3501: 3489: 3480: 3468: 3459: 3450: 3438:. Retrieved 3434:the original 3424: 3415: 3396: 3391: 3379: 3372: 3368: 3359: 3353: 3348:, p. 9. 3301: 3296: 3291:, p. 8. 3284: 3272: 3260: 3251: 3239: 3200: 3179: 3174:, p. 7. 3167: 3158: 3149: 3137: 3132:, p. 5. 3113:, p. 4. 3093: 3088: 3076:. 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