888:. The nearby Malavalli inscription refers the same king Manavyasa Gotra Haritiputra Visnukadda Chutukulananda Satakarni, the king of Banavasi, who in the 1st year of his reign made the grant of a village. Stone inscription on the same pillar of a Kadamba king of 5th century mentions a prior chieftain Manavyasa Gotra Haritiputra Vaijayantipati Sivaskandavarman who also ruled this area. Based on this inscription and Rapson's opinion on Kanheri and this inscriptions, historian G. J-Dubreuil states that the Chutus succeeded the Satavahanas in both the Karnataka and the Aparanta (Konkan and western Maharashtra) regions. However, Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya states that it was at a later date, the Chutus held sway over the northern part of Kannada and Malayalam speaking regions.
51:
85:
908:
787:
third century i.e. around 250-275 CE. Of the Chutu dynasty two kings are known through inscriptions, Hariti-putra Chutu-kadananda
Satakarni and his grandson Hariti-putra Siva-skanda-varman, who ruled in Banawasi (Vaijayantipura) before the Kadamba dynasty. In 222 CE, Prithivi-sena, son of Rudra-sena I, was reigning as the Western Kshatrapa ruler, in succession to the latter - Hariti-putra Siva-skanda-varman.
537:, "son of a queen belonging to the Chutu family") was a common name borne by multiple kings of the dynasty. This theory is based on the fact that the Banavasi inscription of king Haritiputra Vishnukada Chutukulananda Satakarni was issued shortly before the Kadamba occupation of Banavasi in c. 345, while the coins bearing the name Chutukulananda can be dated to two centuries earlier based on the
697:
1419:
739:. The coins issued by these three families are similar, and most of these coins, can be dated to the 2nd century CE. Coins discovered at Chandravalli and Kondapur bear the legend "Maharathi Sadakana Chutu Krishna", which suggests that the Chutus consolidated their power by intermarriage with the other feudatory families.
759:
that after the fall of the
Satavahanas post the end of the reign of Pulumayi IV in 225 CE, the Chutus appear to have controlled the far-flung areas of the south-western parts of the erstwhile Satavahana empire. They subsequently extended their power in the north and the east. According to historian
758:
When the
Satavahana power declined in the first half of the 3rd century CE, the Chutus retained their authority at Banavasi, unlike the Kuras and the Sadakana Maharathis. Their rule is attested by at least four inscriptions dated between the 260s and the 340s CE. Historian Sailendra Nath Sen states
644:
The
Chutukula coins discovered from Anantapur district in Andhra Pradesh and the southern part of Telangana proves that Chutus held sway in and around the Srisailam (Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh) or Sriparvata area which proves their title of Sriparvatiyas (the masters of the Sriparvata region)
609:
issued an order from his "camp of victory" at
Vaijayanti (the ancient name of Banavasi). He theorizes that the Chutus were originally Indo-Scythian chiefs, who became Satavahana feudatories, when Gautamiputra defeated the Indo-Scythian king Nahapana around c. 125 CE. Subsequently, they participated
786:
After the demise of
Satavahana emperor Gautami-putra Yajna Satakarni in 181 CE, the old dynasty (Satavahanas) lost control of the western provinces, which passed into the hands of another family of Satakarnis, the Chutu-kula. Chutu dynasty came to an end probably in the first or second half of the
742:
Numismatic evidence also indicates that by the last quarter of the 2nd century CE, the power of these three feudatory families was eclipsed by the
Satavahanas, who appear to have assumed greater control over their territories. This is suggested by the discovery of the coins of the Satavahana ruler
561:
dynasty, and which was also borne by ministers and ordinary people in the
Satavahana period. The exact relationship between the Chutus and the Satavahanas is uncertain. Modern historians variously believe that the Chutu family originated as a branch of the Satavahanas, was descended from the
794:
record which states that the "Maharaja of
Vanavasa" (presumably the Chutu ruler of Banavasi) married a daughter of the Ikshvaku king Vira-purusha-datta. Mitchiner also believes that the occurrence of the name "Satakarni" in the names of the Chutu kings (Vishnurudra Sivalananda Satakarni and
50:
911:
A coin of the post-Chutus period (250-400) in bronze. (Deccan, Central India) A / Cow on the right; Below undulating line, above legend
Rajavipurudapa R / 4 arches with arrows and center circle Dimension: 17 mm Weight: 1.21 g.
548:
Historian M. Rama Rao used the term "Ananda family" to describe the family, because the coin legends mention kings whose names end in "-nanda". Numismatists P.L. Gupta and A. V. Narasimha Murthy also followed this interpretation.
795:
Haritiputra Vishnukada Chutukulananda Satakarni) suggests that the Chutus also married into the Satavahana family. The Chutu king Sivalananda is attested by a 278 CE inscription of the Abhira ruler Vasushena from Nagarjunakonda.
835:
there and developed Belgame as an important centre of learning and knowledge. The original grant was revived by another Chutu ruler, King Haritiputra Shiva-skandavarman and the sacred town was later expanded by the succedding
722:
The Chutus were probably subordinate to the Satavahanas in the beginning, and assumed independence when the Satavahana power declined. They were probably one of the several dynasties that are described collectively as
927:
Their coins are mostly of lead, belonging to Mulananda c. 125-345. One coin shows Arched hill (or Stupa?) with river motif below on the Obverse and Tree within railed lattice; Nandipada to right on the Reverse.
880:
Banavasi (Vanavasi or Vaijayanti in Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka) stone inscription mentions Haritiputra Visnukada Chutukulananda Satakarni who in the 12th year of his reign made a gift of a
487:. The word "CuášukaḡÄnaášdasa" was misread as "Cuášukaá¸Änaášdasa" by some earlier scholars, leading to different theories about the names of the kings and their dynasty. For example, numismatist
895:
to grant a village of Sahalavati to a certain Kondamana as a Brahmin endowment in 175 CE for the enjoyment of the Mattapatti (Malavalli) god with the exemption of the soldier's entry
502:
meant the "cobra crest". This connects the Chutus to the Nagas tribes as they also associated themselves with the region of the western Deccan called Nagara Khanda around modern
672:
seem to be identical with the Satavahanihara of the Myakadoni inscription of Pulumayi or the Satavahaniratta of the Hirahadagalli grant. The Chutus continued to use the title
815:
in southern Karnataka, one of their rulers, King Haritiputra Satakarni donated the village of Belgame to a group of Hindu priests. Belgame, not to be confused with its
593:'s interpretation, the issuers of such coins variously call themselves Shakas or members of the Chutu family. Mirashi and Mitchiner read the legend on the coin as
259:
569:(Shaka) origin. According to him, some Chutu coins bear designs copied from the Indo-Scythian coins. For example, the obverse of the two lead coins found at
1761:
1228:
It is not clear if this king and his family (the Cutus) were a branch of the Sata- vahanas or were their successors in the southern part of their dominions.
84:
1590:
625:
cannot be interpreted to refer to "Saka Mana of the Chutu family". Sircar argues that if this was the meaning intended, the expression would have been
899:. Another record states that king Satakami had a daughter named Mahabhoja-Nagasri who made a grant of a tank and a Vihara to the Madhukeswara temple.
1766:
1751:
581:
coins stuck for Ladhanes and Pisayu"; the reverse of the same coin bears an arrow and a thunderbolt that seems to be derived from the coins of
1731:
1689:
1509:
1392:
1178:
1151:
790:
The Chutus appear to have continued the policy of consolidating their power by intermarriage with their neighbours: this is suggested by an
1771:
1639:
1600:
1573:
1548:
1311:
1221:
1062:
1006:
864:, who ruled Banavasi before them and after the Chutus. The Kadambas, in turn, had appropriated this genealogy from the Chutus.
401:
376:
979:
1408:
856:, which later controlled much of the present-day Karnataka, claimed descent from a son of Hariti (a woman of the Harita
1756:
867:
Historian Sailendra Nath Sen theorizes that the Chalukyas were related to the Chutus and the Kadambas "in some way".
931:
Coins of Rano Chutukadananda (70 BCE), the 1st known ruler of the Chutu dynasty whose name was inscribed on them as
752:
538:
475:" ("Chutu family") is found in the contemporary inscriptions. The coins attributed to the family bear the legends
1616:
1538:
1776:
1121:
1052:
731:. Numismatic evidence suggests that the Chutus were surrounded by other Satavahana feudatories: the Kuras of
529:
means "of the son of a queen belonging to the Sivala gotra". Mitchiner theorizes that "Chutu-kula-nanda-sa" (
1301:
935:
were discovered from Karwar and Banavasi surroundings of the ancient Nagarakhanda (Bandalike) town regions.
97:
601:(chief commander) Saka Mana, the son of Baradaja, of the Chutu family. Mitchiner notes that according to a
996:
606:
1657:
1480:
969:
557:
At least two of the Chutu kings bore the title "Satakarni", which is associated with the more notable
760:
498:
in Kannada language means "crest". Chutu inscriptions contain the emblem of the cobra hood implying
744:
614:
in the Kondapur region, while another was appointed to govern the newly-captured city of Banavasi.
1708:
1170:
The Geopolitical Orbits of Ancient India: The Geographical Frames of the Ancient Indian Dynasties
381:
115:
907:
455:
feudatories, and assumed sovereignty after the decline of the Satavahana power. Except for the
1727:
1721:
1685:
1679:
1596:
1569:
1544:
1505:
1497:
1388:
1307:
1217:
1211:
1174:
1147:
1058:
1002:
975:
763:, following the rule of Shak Satakarni of the Satavahanas, the Chutus ruling from Banavasi of
1168:
1382:
849:
820:
289:
198:
1636:
1643:
861:
837:
791:
578:
570:
460:
456:
394:
263:
Location of the Chutus in South India, and neighbouring South Asian polities circa 120 CE.
218:
133:
124:
803:
According to Mitchiner, the designs on the Chutu coins suggest that they may have been
764:
566:
436:
247:
1745:
1423:
780:
590:
178:
160:
151:
1498:"Royal Eulogy as World History: Rethinking Copperâplate Inscriptions in Cola India"
921:
768:
736:
618:
542:
488:
1409:"Antiquities of India; an account of the history and culture of ancient Hindustan"
1194:
1141:
56:
Coin of the Chutu ruler Mulananda c. 125-345. Lead Karshapana 14.30g. 27 mm.
1413:
Antiquities of India; an Account of the History and Culture of Ancient Hindustan
491:(1908) theorized that "Chutu-kada-nanda" meant "Joy of the City of the Chutus".
452:
440:
209:
187:
860:) and of Manavya gotra. The Chalukyas had appropriated this genealogy from the
621:
has disputed Mirashi's reading of the coin legend, arguing that the expression
562:
Satavahana princesses, or simply succeeded the Satavahanas in southern Deccan.
771:) district of Karnataka, probably also gained control of Konkan and places in
558:
510:
459:, the inscriptions of the Chutu dynasty are the oldest documents found in the
142:
824:
812:
716:
696:
648:
In the medieval times, Srisailam region or the Sriparvata area was known as
509:
According to numismatist Michael Mitchiner (1983), these names appear to be
448:
69:
610:
in the Satavahana military campaigns: one Chutu chief was appointed as the
517:
means "of king Mulananda", where "Mulananda" is a matronymic meaning "son (
565:
Numismatist Michael Mitchiner speculates that the Chutus may have been of
832:
808:
804:
776:
748:
732:
712:
586:
574:
503:
444:
303:
299:
275:
238:
106:
1712:
891:
Haritiputra-Satakarni issued an order to the chief revenue commissioner
1502:
Querying the Medieval: Texts and the History of Practices in South Asia
816:
728:
582:
285:
229:
1699:
Michael Mitchiner (1983). "The Chutus of Banavasi and their Coinage".
1199:. Epigraphical Society of India / Geetha Book House. 2002. p. 75.
917:
853:
602:
17:
1566:
Trading Communities in Ancient India: From Earliest Times to 300 A.D
1265:
1263:
1238:
1236:
1352:
1350:
1337:
1335:
1103:
1101:
943:
The following Chutu rulers are known from coins and inscriptions:
906:
857:
828:
751:) and Chandravalli: the Satavahana coins were found a more recent
522:
419:
1568:. Anamika Publishers & Distributors. pp. 108, 112, 118.
1422:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1088:
1086:
1022:
1020:
1018:
530:
432:
1543:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. pp. 130, 196, 100â103.
772:
727:" ("servants of the Andhras, that is, the Satavahanas) in the
1595:. Karnataka, India: Asian Educational Services. p. 461.
1280:
1278:
641:("of the Sagamas, that is, belonging to the Sagama family").
676:
along with their names and regions, but later dropped the
443:
between first and third centuries CE, with its capital at
974:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 21, 145.
1057:. India: Asian Educational Services. pp. 138â140.
719:
for over two centuries, from c. 125 CE to c. 345 CE.
711:
The Chutus ruled a kingdom centered around the city
1143:
Monastery and guild: commerce under the SÄtavÄhanas
1054:
Some Contributions of South India to Indian Culture
998:
Some Contributions of South India to Indian Culture
595:
Mahasenapatisa Baradajaputasa Saga Mana Chutukulasa
415:
339:
329:
317:
309:
295:
281:
271:
34:
1524:
1368:
1001:. India: Asian Educational Services. p. 139.
755:compared to the coins of the feudatory dynasties.
1447:
1435:
1356:
1341:
1326:
1269:
1254:
1242:
1107:
1092:
1077:
1038:
1026:
1460:Scharfe, Harmut. "Education in Ancient India".
1303:Geography from Ancient Indian Coins & Seals
947:Haritiputra Vishnukada Cutu-kulananda Satakarni
27:Indian dynasty (1st century BCEâ3rd century CE)
1306:. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 22â23.
819:in northwestern Karnataka, was located in the
1659:Successors Of The Satavahanas In Lower Deccan
1482:Successors Of The Satavahanas In Lower Deccan
1173:. Oxford University Press India. p. 59.
811:. According to an inscription in the town of
8:
735:in the north and the Sadakana Maharathis of
451:state. The Chutus probably rose to power as
1284:
1146:. Oxford University Press. pp. 40â41.
1135:
1133:
577:surrounded by a legend "reminds one of the
62:: Arched hill/stupa with river motif below.
1624:HISTORY OF SOME IMPORTANT TOWNS-Shodhganga
31:
1662:. Calcutta University Press. p. 222.
1485:. Calcutta University Press. p. 221.
1384:Goa Through the Ages: An economic history
1504:. Oxford University Press. p. 187.
916:The Chutu coins have been discovered at
695:
1723:Ancient Indian History and Civilization
960:
1681:Studies in Indian Coins (2008 reprint)
1295:
1293:
823:in Central Karnataka and is known as
338:
328:
324:
7:
1762:1st-century establishments in India
1540:Some Early Dynasties of South India
1126:. University of Madras. p. 39.
1123:Early History of the Andhra Country
521:) of a queen belonging to the Mula
1051:Aiyangar, S. Krishnaswami (1995).
995:Aiyangar, S. Krishnaswami (1995).
25:
1617:"HISTORY OF SOME IMPORTANT TOWNS"
1537:Chattopadhyaya, Sudhakar (1974).
605:inscription, the Satavahana king
1417:
971:A Historical atlas of South Asia
968:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
656:which is the contracted form of
633:. Sircar instead reads the term
399:
374:
83:
49:
1637:Coins of the Chutus of Banavasi
950:Haritiputra Shiva-skandavarman
827:today. The priests built five
807:although they also patronised
68:: Tree within railed lattice,
42:1st century BCEâ3rd century CE
1:
1767:3rd-century disestablishments
1752:Empires and kingdoms of India
1589:Rice, Benjamin Lewis (2001).
1381:Teotonio R. De Souza (1990).
1167:Dilip K. Chakrabarty (2010).
701:
1646:Attribution:Mitchiner CSI 34
1462:Handbook of Oriental Studies
1213:Handbook of Oriental Studies
1140:Himanshu Prabha Ray (1986).
479:("of king Chutukalananda"),
1772:Buddhist dynasties of India
1720:Sailendra Nath Sen (1999).
1564:Mishra, Arun Kumar (1992).
1196:Studies in Indian Epigraphy
684:and used only the title of
435:: Cuášu) ruled parts of the
1793:
775:like Kunkalli, Balli, and
461:northern part of Karnataka
1726:. New Age International.
1300:Gupta, Parmanand (1989).
779:, as subordinates of the
353:
349:
325:
78:
46:
41:
1701:The Numismatic Chronicle
1210:Hartmut Scharfe (2002).
831:, three puras and seven
627:Chutu-kulasa Saga-Manasa
1684:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1642:19 January 2007 at the
1525:Sailendra Nath Sen 1999
1369:Sailendra Nath Sen 1999
1120:K. Gopalachari (1976).
1448:Michael Mitchiner 1983
1436:Michael Mitchiner 1983
1387:. Concept. p. 9.
1357:Michael Mitchiner 1983
1342:Michael Mitchiner 1983
1327:Michael Mitchiner 1983
1270:Michael Mitchiner 1983
1255:Michael Mitchiner 1983
1243:Michael Mitchiner 1983
1216:. BRILL. p. 167.
1108:Michael Mitchiner 1983
1093:Michael Mitchiner 1983
1078:Michael Mitchiner 1983
1039:Michael Mitchiner 1983
1027:Michael Mitchiner 1983
913:
708:
631:Chutu-kula-Saga-Manasa
607:Gautamiputra Satakarni
597:, which means "of the
341:⢠Disestablished
1656:D.C., Sircar (1939).
1479:D.C., Sircar (1939).
933:Rano Chutukadanamdasa
910:
705: 2nd century AD
699:
623:Saga Mana Chutukulasa
282:Common languages
1678:D.C. Sircar (1968).
893:Mahavallabha-Rajjuka
876:Banavasi inscription
761:TeotĂłnio R. De Souza
477:RaĂąo CuášukaḡÄnaášdasa
260:class=notpageimage|
1592:Gazetteer of Mysore
1450:, pp. 102â105.
1329:, pp. 95, 101.
1257:, pp. 100â101.
745:Yajna Sri Satakarni
700:East Hemisphere at
331:⢠Established
1757:Dynasties of India
914:
709:
485:RaĂąo SivaḡÄnaášdasa
382:Satavahana dynasty
1733:978-81-224-1198-0
1691:978-81-208-2973-2
1511:978-0-19-535243-6
1496:Daud Ali (2000).
1468:. BRILL: 167â168.
1438:, pp. 96â98.
1394:978-81-7022-259-0
1180:978-0-19-908832-4
1153:978-0-19-561941-6
1080:, pp. 98â99.
692:Political history
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125:
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107:
105:
103:
98:
96:
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74:
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63:
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54:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1790:
1788:
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1779:
1774:
1769:
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1754:
1744:
1743:
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1732:
1717:
1696:
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1674:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1648:
1629:
1608:
1601:
1581:
1574:
1556:
1549:
1529:
1527:, p. 360.
1517:
1510:
1488:
1471:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1400:
1393:
1373:
1371:, p. 175.
1361:
1346:
1331:
1319:
1312:
1289:
1287:, p. 130.
1274:
1272:, p. 101.
1259:
1247:
1245:, p. 100.
1232:
1222:
1202:
1186:
1179:
1159:
1152:
1129:
1112:
1110:, p. 102.
1097:
1082:
1070:
1063:
1043:
1031:
1014:
1007:
987:
980:
959:
958:
956:
953:
952:
951:
948:
940:
939:List of rulers
937:
904:
901:
877:
874:
872:
869:
845:
842:
800:
797:
765:Uttara Kannada
725:Andhra-bhritya
693:
690:
554:
551:
539:stratification
525:". Similarly,
468:
465:
463:State, India.
423:
422:
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397:
388:
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367:
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345:3rd century CE
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26:
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14:
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1424:public domain
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1404:
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1396:
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1385:
1377:
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1370:
1365:
1362:
1359:, p. 96.
1358:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1344:, p. 95.
1343:
1338:
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1098:
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1064:9788120609990
1060:
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1041:, p. 98.
1040:
1035:
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663:
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658:Satakarninadu
655:
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645:as very apt.
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632:
628:
624:
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599:Maha-senapati
596:
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588:
584:
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568:
567:Indo-Scythian
563:
560:
552:
550:
546:
545:excavations.
544:
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527:SivaḡÄnaášdasa
524:
520:
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421:
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416:Today part of
414:
398:
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180:KUSHAN EMPIRE
173:
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137:
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86:
77:
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67:
64:
61:
52:
45:
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36:Chutu dynasty
33:
30:
19:
1722:
1704:
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1671:Bibliography
1658:
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926:
922:Chandravalli
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871:Inscriptions
866:
847:
840:rulers.
802:
789:
785:
769:North Canara
757:
741:
737:Chandravalli
724:
721:
710:
685:
681:
677:
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669:
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619:D. C. Sircar
616:
612:Mahasenapati
611:
598:
594:
564:
556:
547:
543:Chandravalli
534:
526:
518:
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489:E. J. Rapson
484:
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428:
426:
364:Succeeded by
363:
358:
169:
65:
59:
58:
29:
654:Kannavisaya
573:features a
511:matronymics
453:Satavahanas
441:South India
359:Preceded by
211:HAN DYNASTY
117:SATAVAHANAS
1746:Categories
1707:: 95â120.
981:0226742210
955:References
882:Nagashilpa
844:Successors
617:Historian
579:Kshaharata
559:Satavahana
439:region of
310:Government
90:South Asia
833:gurukulas
825:Balligavi
813:Malavalli
805:Buddhists
717:Karnataka
682:Satakanni
674:Satakanni
635:Saga-Mana
494:The word
449:Karnataka
296:Religion
251:PARTHIANS
240:YAUDHEYAS
108:SAMATATAS
72:to right.
70:triratana
1713:42665170
1640:Archived
817:namesake
809:Hinduism
799:Religion
749:Kolhapur
733:Kolhapur
713:Banavasi
680:part of
639:Sagamana
587:Nahapana
575:swastika
571:Kondapur
504:Banavasi
445:Banavasi
313:Monarchy
304:Hinduism
300:Buddhism
276:Banavasi
200:NORTHERN
126:MURUNDAS
1415:. 1913.
903:Coinage
838:Kadamba
729:Puranas
650:Kannadu
583:Bhumaka
553:Origins
318:History
290:Kannada
286:Prakrit
272:Capital
231:MALAVAS
222:SATRAPS
220:WESTERN
202:SATRAPS
135:PANDYAS
1730:
1711:
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1508:
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1177:
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1005:
978:
918:Karwar
912:Bronze
886:Vihara
854:Badami
829:mathas
781:Bhojas
777:Kankon
753:strata
603:Nashik
483:, and
437:Deccan
321:
189:PARATA
171:CHUTUS
162:CHERAS
153:CHOLAS
99:MITRAS
92:125 CE
1709:JSTOR
1620:(PDF)
858:gotra
686:Kanni
523:gotra
519:nanda
500:Chutu
496:Chutu
420:India
249:INDO-
191:RAJAS
18:Chutu
1728:ISBN
1686:ISBN
1597:ISBN
1570:ISBN
1545:ISBN
1506:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1308:ISBN
1218:ISBN
1175:ISBN
1148:ISBN
1059:ISBN
1003:ISBN
976:ISBN
920:and
848:The
678:Sata
668:and
660:and
652:and
585:and
531:IAST
473:kula
467:Name
433:IAST
427:The
302:and
288:and
66:Rev.
60:Obv.
1705:143
852:of
773:Goa
637:as
629:or
541:at
1748::
1703:.
1622:.
1500:.
1466:16
1464:.
1411:.
1349:^
1334:^
1292:^
1277:^
1262:^
1235:^
1226:.
1132:^
1100:^
1085:^
1017:^
924:.
783:.
702:c.
688:.
664:.
533::
506:.
144:AY
1736:.
1715:.
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767:(
723:"
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431:(
20:)
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