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215:
197:
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143:
121:
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74:
107:
1744:
Another Turkic people in the Volga area are the
Chuvash, who, like the Tatars, regard themselves as descendants of the Volga Bulghars in the historical and cultural sense. It is clear that Chuvash belongs to the Oghur branch of Turkic, as the language of the Volga Bulghars did, but no direct evidence
1007:
The
Chuvash language vanished from educational and public use. In 1989, another Chuvash cultural revival began - partly in response to these changes. Soon the Chuvash language once again came into use in educational, public, and political life. As of 2005, schools in the Chuvash Republic and in areas
1705:
Modern
Chuvash is the only descendant language of the Ogur branch.The ancestors of its speakers left the Khazar Empire in the 8th century and migrated to the region at the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers, where they founded the Volga Bulgarian Empire in the 10th century. In the central Volga
1142:
of Tatar loanwords. However, sources do not specify the practices of the
Chuvash during this period. Some Chuvash who converted to Christianity following the Russian conquest converted to Islam during the 19th and early 20th century. During this period, several Chuvash communities were influenced by
2837:
Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Metspalu, Mait; Metspalu, Ene; Valeev, Albert; Litvinov, Sergei; Valiev, Ruslan; Akhmetova, Vita; Balanovska, Elena; Balanovsky, Oleg; Turdikulova, Shahlo; Dalimova, Dilbar; Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn; Bahmanimehr, Ardeshir; Sahakyan, Hovhannes; Tambets, Kristiina; Fedorova, Sardana;
1141:
A minority of
Chuvash may have been exposed to Islam as early as the Volga Bulgaria era but most of those early Chuvash likely converted during the Golden Horde period. An inscription dated at 1307 indicates that some Chuvash were converted to Islam, and religious terms occur in Chuvash in the form
543:
noted a significant distinction of the
Chuvash language from other Turkic languages. According to him, the Chuvash language does not share certain common characteristics with Turkic languages to such a degree that some scholars consider Chuvash as an independent branch from Turkic and Mongolic. The
2972:
Triska, Petr; Chekanov, Nikolay; Stepanov, Vadim; Khusnutdinova, Elza K.; Kumar, Ganesh Prasad Arun; Akhmetova, Vita; Babalyan, Konstantin; Boulygina, Eugenia; Kharkov, Vladimir; Gubina, Marina; Khidiyatova, Irina; Khitrinskaya, Irina; Khrameeva, Ekaterina E.; Khusainova, Rita; Konovalova, Natalia
2743:
Kushniarevich, Alena; Utevska, Olga; Chuhryaeva, Marina; Agdzhoyan, Anastasia; Dibirova, Khadizhat; Uktveryte, Ingrida; Möls, Märt; Mulahasanovic, Lejla; Pshenichnov, Andrey; Frolova, Svetlana; Shanko, Andrey; Metspalu, Ene; Reidla, Maere; Tambets, Kristiina; Tamm, Erika (2015). Calafell, Francesc
2236:
The
Chuvash language by virtue of a number of peculiarities differs more widely than others from the Turkic languages. There are many Chuvash words in Mari, Udmurt, Russian, and other languages. Likewise, the Chuvash language has borrowings from Arabic, Persian, Kypchak-Tatar, Finnish-Ugric, and
527:
and to modern
Chuvash and refer to this extended grouping as separate Hunno-Bulgar languages. However, such speculations are not based on proper linguistic evidence, since the language of the Huns is almost unknown except for a few attested words and personal names. Scholars generally consider
2897:
Suslova, T. A.; Burmistrova, A. L.; Chernova, M. S.; Khromova, E. B.; Lupar, E. I.; Timofeeva, S. V.; Devald, I. V.; Vavilov, M. N.; Darke, C. (1 October 2012). "HLA gene and haplotype frequencies in
Russians, Bashkirs and Tatars, living in the Chelyabinsk Region (Russian South Urals)".
1068:
1003:
authorities attempted to suppress nationalist movements by re-drawing the borders of the republic, leaving many
Chuvash living in neighboring republics or in Russian districts. During most of the Soviet period of 1917–1991, the Chuvash were subjected to Russification campaigns.
3186:
Chuvashes who accepted Islam later on became imams, muezzins, teachers in madrasahs and the other religious employees. Many Chuvashes were influenced by Tatars who were strong representatives of Islam in the Volga-Urals region. This caused Chuvashes to define themselves as
1043:
Phenotypically, there is no particular differences among the Chuvash, as more Caucasoid or more Mongoloid phenotypes can be found among all subgroups. In 2017, a full genome study found Chuvash largely show a Finno-Ugric genetic component despite having a small common
2838:
Barashkov, Nikolay; Khidiyatova, Irina; Mihailov, Evelin; Khusainova, Rita; Damba, Larisa; Derenko, Miroslava; Malyarchuk, Boris; Osipova, Ludmila; Voevoda, Mikhail; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Kivisild, Toomas; Khusnutdinova, Elza; Villems, Richard (21 April 2015).
2149:
Formerly, scholars considered Chuvash to be a Turkicized Finno-Ugric (Uralic) language or an intermediary branch between Turkic and Mongolian. The distinct character of Chuvash is also indicated by its lack of mutual intelligibility with the other Turkic
547:
Despite grammatical similarity with the rest of Turkic language family, the presence of changes in Chuvash pronunciation (which are hard to reconcile with other members of the Turkic family) has led some scholars to see Chuvash as originating not from
1431:"Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 - English version - Results - Nationality and citizenship - The distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue - Selection"
1124:. After the Russian subjugation of the Chuvash in the 16th century, a campaign of Christianization began. However, most Chuvash were not converted until the mid-19th century. The Chuvash retain some pre-Christian and pre-Islamic
4755:
2022:/ by Igor de Rachewiltz and Volker Rybatzki; with the collaboration of Hung Chin-fu. p. cm. — (Handbook of Oriental Studies = Handbuch der Orientalistik. Section 8, Central Asia; 20). — Leiden; Boston, 2010. — P. 7.
975:
The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw the revival of Chuvash culture and the publication of many educational, literary, and linguistic works, along with the establishment of schools and other programs. The
3087:
3144:
In some cases, the Chuvash perceived Tatar ethnic identity as parallel to Islam, although they retained the Chuvash language and kept some elements of Chuvash culture in everyday life as well as in rituals.
1430:
1706:
region three Volga Bulgarian dialects developed, and Chuvash is the descendant of the 3rd dialect of Volga Bulgarian (Agyagási 2019: 160–183). Sources refer to it as a separate language beginning with 1508
748:, they lived there at least the end of the third millennium BC. They were skilled in warfare, used siege machinery, had a large army (including women) and were boatbuilders. Sabirs led incursions into
3202:
1812:
Granberg's suggestion that we should revive the term Hunno-Bulgar may well became that replacement — once it is clear that Hunnic and Bulgar were closely related and perhaps even the same language.
1745:
for diachronic development between the two has been established. As there were several distinct Oghur languages in the Middle Ages, Volga Bulghar could represent one of these and Chuvash another.
870:
then became the new authority of the region and of the Chuvash. The modern name "Chuvash" began to appear in records starting from the sixteenth century from Russian and other foreign sources.
1794:
The language had strong ties to Bulgar language and to modern Chuvash, but also had some important connections, especially lexical and morphological, to Ottoman Turkish and Yakut
1008:
outside that have large Chuvash populations teach the Chuvash language and culture. Chuvash people around Russia also have media available to them in their local communities.
552:
but from another proto-language spoken at the time of Proto-Turkic (in which case Chuvash and all the remaining Turkic languages would be part of a larger language family).
4514:
5879:
6038:
2188:
Chuvash have a quite a different history than their neighbors, the Tatars, but they have been in a cultural contact with them, as is clear from linguistic evidence.
2052:
1175:
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1866:
p. 430 "I was able to establish a Danube- Bulgarian nominative- suffix /A/ from the consonant stems. Recalling that Danube- Bulgarian was a Hunnic language."
996:
627:
also influenced Chuvash. Chuvash language has two to three dialects. Although Chuvash is taught at schools and sometimes used in the media, it is considered
1040:
ancestry in modern Chuvash. These Oghur tribes brought the Chuvash language with them. Another study found some Finno-Ugric components in Chuvash people.
4662:
4531:
2822:
5542:
4968:
4957:
4481:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
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1719:
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and became Muslim. This caused some Muslim Chuvash to define themselves as Tatars but they retained their language and several Chuvash customs.
1934:
An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples: ethnogenesis and state-formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East
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2001:
1976:
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traditions. The Chuvash have specific patterns used in embroidery, which is found in their traditional clothing. Many people also use the
1879:
1092:
language, Spoken in Chuvashia and nearby regions along the middle course of the Volga River, in the central part of European Russia.
6240:
2717:
2680:
2653:
2594:
2558:
2307:
2181:
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1737:
1675:
1648:
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1248:
851:
877:, gradually became dispossessed of much of their land. Many Chuvash who traditionally engaged in agriculture were forced to become
847:
of 732–737. The adoption of Islam in the early tenth century in Volga Bulgaria led to most of its people embracing that religion.
1480:
717:
There are two rival schools of thought on the origin of the Chuvash people. One is that they originated from a mixing between the
6235:
4500:
3114:"Chuvash 'Paganism' at the Turn of the 21st Century: Traditional Rituals in the Religious Practice of Volga–Urals Chuvash Groups"
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1400:
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2746:"Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data"
1510:
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5828:
5221:
2079:
Johanson (1998); cf. Johanson (2000, 2007) and the articles pertaining to the subject in Johanson & Csató (ed., 1998).
1595:
5784:
5468:
4043:
3222:
3061:
1566:
6068:
1020:
Autosomal ancestry proportions of the Chuvash and several other populations, according to Kushniarevich et al. (2015).
6255:
4109:
467:
has shown that through regular sound changes, the clan name Tabghach may have transformed to the ethnonym Chuvash.
808:
in modern-day Dagestan). Old Bulgaria broke up in the second half of the 7th century after a series of successful
5970:
5823:
1511:"НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ СОСТАВ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ (ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS)"
1160:
992:
940:. Now, after receiving baptism, very few of them remain, because many, not wanting to be baptized, moved to the
6133:
5798:
4778:
4441:
4400:
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2425:
Their maternal markers appear to most closely resemble Finno-Ugric speakers rather than fellow Turkic speakers.
1825:
1170:
1016:
33:
980:
began to be used in local schools, and a special written script for the Chuvash language was created in 1871.
6250:
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1606:
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dominates in most spheres of life and few children learning the language are likely to become active users.
556:
500:
Although there is no direct evidence some scholars believe that Chuvash may be descendant from a dialect of
375:
772:
5614:
5450:
4431:
2618:
Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union (With an Appendix on the non-Muslim Turkic peoples of the Soviet Union
1364:" language grouping, which is itself controversial and has no general consensus within linguistic circles.
1024:
Physical anthropologists using the racial frameworks of the early 20th century saw the Chuvash as a mixed
964:
371:
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5906:
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549:
531:
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832:, which eventually became extremely wealthy: its capital then being the 4th-largest city in the world.
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4855:
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2757:
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610:
434:
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In 1552, the Russians conquered the Kazan Khanate and its territories. The Chuvash, required to pay
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4290:
3578:
3313:
1025:
722:
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Chuvash is so divergent from the main body of Turkic languages that Chuvash first believed to be a
1447:
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Turkic classification of Chuvash was seen as a compromise solution for classification purposes.
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905:
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291:
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5644:
5517:
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5149:
5111:
4918:
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4082:
3929:
3798:
3730:
3659:
3603:
3588:
3573:
3558:
3528:
3518:
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3430:
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1964:
1725:
1348:
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729:
Throughout history, they have experienced significant infusion and influence, not only from
636:
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476:
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363:
275:
271:
5664:
1072:
A group of Chuvash children with their traditional dress (Anat jenchi - Middle Low Chuvash)
516:) are scant, the exact position of Chuvash within the Oghuric family cannot be determined.
6199:
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6123:
6043:
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2419:
Graf, Orion M; John Mitchell; Stephen Wilcox; Gregory Livshits; and Michael H. Crawford.
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and sacrifice geese there. One of the main shrines is located in the town of Bilyarsk.
1089:
1057:
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855:
829:
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726:
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language. Since the surviving literary records for the non-Chuvash members of Oghuric (
464:
336:
40:
1544:
1408:
497:
branch of Turkic languages, one of the two principal branches of the Turkic family.
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3035:[Unknown, Wonderful Pattern. History of cross stitch in the Russian Empire].
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383:
299:
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2369:"Zheltov, Pavel. An Attribute-Sample Database System for Describing Chuvash Affixes"
2137:
1360:
Rachewiltz's classification implies that Chuvash is a separate branch of the wider "
358:
and the surrounding areas, although Chuvash communities may be found throughout the
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2975:"Between Lake Baikal and the Baltic Sea: genomic history of the gateway to Europe"
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on both sides. Their alliance with the Byzantines laid the basis for the later
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4145:
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2991:
2840:"The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia"
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During the Soviet era, the Chuvash were subjected to Russification campaigns.
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202:
184:
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73:
3181:
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traditions in their cultural activities. Parallel pray in the shrines called
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3834:
3740:
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3157:
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In the wake of the changes in 1989, a new Chuvash revival movement started .
2317:
1190:
1125:
984:
937:
917:
801:
555:
The Oghuric branch is distinguished from the rest of the Turkic family (the
490:
395:
355:
344:
126:
3158:"Islam among the Chuvashes and its Role in the Change of Chuvash Ethnicity"
3018:
2927:
2883:
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1581:
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with whom they were persistently and mistakenly identified for centuries.
4492:
3130:
3113:
2173:
1958:
1729:
374:
more than a millennium ago. Among the Chuvash believers, the majority are
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5134:
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http://xn--c1acc6aafa1c.xn--p1ai/?question=chuvashi-kto-oni-na-samom-dele
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1968:
1321:
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is a contemporary revival of the ethnic religion of the Chuvash people.
1049:
941:
835:
Shortly after that, another state founded by Sabirs in Caucasus known as
730:
424:
414:
319:
17:
1996:. Collected studies series. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate. p. 336.
1849:
1789:
1761:
697:, 'steppe') (this is a sub-group that is recognized by some researchers)
6164:
6143:
6063:
6004:
5960:
5486:
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5455:
5330:
5312:
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2826:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 350.
1693:"A Volga Bulgarian Classifier: A Historical and Areal Linguistic Study"
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in the 2nd to 3rd centuries AD. There they established several states (
781:
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430:
348:
340:
323:
256:
238:
166:
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on April 21, 1925. Around this time Chuvash nationalism grew, but the
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1600:
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1537:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
1481:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
1401:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
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of Khazaria. About half a century later, the Suars took part in the
2533:
2516:
2499:
2482:
2266:
756:, but quickly began serving as soldiers and mercenaries during the
583:
in 1856, allowed researchers to establish its proper affiliation.
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4240:
4200:
3918:
3913:
3745:
3460:
1099:
1067:
1015:
988:
958:
933:
925:
882:
874:
771:
530:
447:
3207:
2138:"Chuvash language | Alphabet, People, & Meaning | Britannica"
6174:
4474:
4466:
2815:
402:, but there are two theories. One theory suggests that the word
4496:
3211:
1032:
people. An autosomal analysis (2015) detected an indication of
504:
while others support the idea that Chuvash is another distinct
893:
of the Chuvash. During this period, most Chuvash converted to
2200:
Matti Miestamo; Anne Tamm; Beáta Wagner-Nagy (24 June 2015).
2039:
Chuvash Manual. Introduction, Grammar, Reader, and Vocabulary
1280:
1268:
1237:
1231:
1228:
2019:
579:. The first scientific fieldwork description of Chuvash, by
2961:
Anthropological material about the origin of Chuvash people
2518:
Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
2501:
Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
2484:
Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
2020:
Introduction to Altaic philology: Turkic, Mongolian, Manchu
1936:. Turcologica. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz. pp. 88 89.
862:
kept control of the region until its slow dissolution from
493:
and adjacent areas. It is the only surviving member of the
1283:
1271:
1240:
885:
due to growing poverty. The subsequent centuries saw the
3112:
Iagafova, Ekaterina; Bondareva, Valeriia (1 June 2020).
784:
whom may related to Chuvash started moving west through
2093:. Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica. p. 80.
2712:. New York: Routledge (published 2013). p. 313.
2675:. New York: Routledge (published 2013). p. 313.
1338:
1311:
1292:
1249:
1129:
2467:
An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples
2421:
Chuvash origins: Evidence from mtDNA Markers. (2010)
1277:
1234:
642:
The subdivision of the Chuvash people are as below:
422:
Another theory is that the word is derived from the
6157:
6082:
5568:
5541:
5321:
5220:
5148:
5110:
4967:
4956:
4530:
4419:
4393:
4138:
4096:
4042:
4014:
3812:
3754:
3721:
3640:
3617:
3447:
3401:
3356:
3325:
3254:
3245:
1808:"Proto-Bulgarian/Danube Bulgar/Hunno-Bulgar Bekven"
1274:
1225:
733:and other Turkic peoples but also from neighboring
309:
281:
265:
247:
229:
211:
193:
175:
157:
139:
103:
98:
83:
54:
2206:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 646.
2091:Finno-Ugrian Language Studies in Finland 1828-1918
1963:. Central European University Press. p. 208.
2406:"UNESCO red book on endangered languages: Europe"
2032:
2030:
2028:
2443:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 200–201.
912:and wrote in 1768 that Bulgars also migrated to
27:Turkic people of Eastern Europe and Central Asia
2337:The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages
922:
1960:Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages
1176:Chuvash State Academic Song and Dance Ensemble
901:never achieved their complete Russification.
725:. The other is that they have descendant from
78:Old Chuvash men, the beginning of 20th century
4508:
3223:
1326:
692:
680:
666:
652:
62:
56:
8:
997:Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
820:, subsequently undertook a migration to the
49:
2162:Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Á, eds. (2021).
1718:Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Á, eds. (2021).
1603:UK English Dictionary US English Dictionary
593:language or an intermediary branch between
4964:
4515:
4501:
4493:
3251:
3230:
3216:
3208:
2589:. New York: Routledge. pp. 312, 313.
2553:. New York: Routledge. pp. 312, 313.
2251:"On Chuvash-Mongolian Linguistic Contacts"
2051:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1640:Studies in Turkic and Mongolic linguistics
1625:Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics
1385:Ethnic groups of Russia in the 2021 census
370:that diverged from other languages in the
72:
48:
3129:
3008:
2990:
2873:
2855:
2787:
2769:
2440:The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia
613:heavily influenced the Chuvash language.
3063:Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia
2255:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1884:. Oxford University Press. p. 448.
1826:"The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan"
1762:"The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan"
413:('friendly', 'peaceful'), as opposed to
343:, native to an area stretching from the
2900:International Journal of Immunogenetics
1667:Encyclopedia of the languages of Europe
1377:
1207:
3118:Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics
2709:Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities
2672:Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities
2587:Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities
2551:Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities
2299:Encyclopedia of the world's minorities
2044:
1914:
1904:
953:"Russian History". Part I. Chapter 22.
3055:
3053:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2404:Tapani Salminen (22 September 1999).
2333:"Chuvash and the Bulgharic languages"
2116:"Chuvash and the Bulgharic languages"
1347:
1320:
1060:hypothesis among Chuvash population.
881:in the timber industry or to work in
776:Chuvash girls in traditional costumes
7:
2951:Chuvash people — who are they really
2642:Tatishchev, Vasily Nikitich (1768).
2331:Savelyev, Alexander (30 June 2020).
1774:Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute
916:and North of Kazan (i.e. modern-day
904:After conversion, Russian Historian
99:Regions with significant populations
1881:Chuvash and the Bulgharic Languages
1878:Savelyev, Alexander (27 May 2020).
780:In the early first century AD, the
535:Chuvash woman in traditional attire
3162:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
2345:10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0028
2296:Carl Skutsch; Martin Ryle (2005).
539:Italian historian and philologist
25:
2114:Savelyev, Alexander (June 2020).
1957:RÓNA-TAS, ANDRÁS (1 March 1999).
394:There is no universally accepted
4473:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
2912:10.1111/j.1744-313X.2012.01117.x
1264:
1221:
908:personally visited the lands of
249:
231:
213:
195:
177:
159:
141:
119:
105:
1772:(4). Cambridge, Massachusetts:
1543:. 21 March 2013. Archived from
1487:. 21 March 2013. Archived from
1407:. 21 March 2013. Archived from
744:who believed to have come from
575:corresponding to Common Turkic
567:corresponding to Common Turkic
4663:Indigenous peoples of Dagestan
1994:Studies in medieval inner Asia
1056:peoples. This study supported
944:and settled in other counties.
932:, filled the entire county of
788:and the steppes of modern-day
339:ethnic group, a branch of the
57:
1:
3156:Arik, Durmuş (1 April 2007).
2621:. Routledge. pp. 70–77.
1104:Baptized Chuvash people, 1870
863:
89:
3203:Photos of the Chuvash people
3088:"Chuvash | Encyclopedia.com"
2857:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068
2771:10.1371/journal.pone.0135820
2203:Negation in Uralic Languages
816:who were a tribe within the
528:Hunnish as unclassifiable.
6246:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan
6231:Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan
2706:Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005).
2669:Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005).
2585:Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005).
2549:Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005).
2437:Sinor, Denis (March 1990).
2067:Encyclopedia of Linguistics
1339:
1312:
1130:
1110:Eastern Orthodox Christians
928:, the Chuvash, the ancient
378:although a minority follow
376:Eastern Orthodox Christians
63:
6272:
906:Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev
705:
474:
38:
31:
4455:
3574:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
3174:10.1080/13602000701308814
2992:10.1186/s12863-017-0578-3
2037:Krueger, John R. (1961).
1932:Golden, Peter B. (1992).
1830:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
1824:PRITSAK, OMELJAN (1982).
1766:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
1664:Price, Glanville (2000).
1627:. Routledge, 2002, p. 23.
1327:
1304:
1161:Chuvash National Congress
993:Chuvash Autonomous Region
828:, ultimately founded the
693:
681:
667:
653:
605:language and neighboring
463:long after this dynasty.
433:clan and founders of the
314:
286:
270:
88:
71:
6241:Ethnic groups in Ukraine
4442:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
4110:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
3066:. ABC-CLIO. p. 74.
3033:"Неведомый, чудный узор"
2249:Poppe, Nicholas (1977).
2168:. Routledge. p. 7.
2089:Korhonen, Mikko (1986).
1806:Ramer, Alexis Manaster.
1643:. Taylor & Francis.
1637:Clauson, Gerard (2002).
1171:Chuvash national symbols
1108:Most Chuvash people are
824:region along with other
39:Not to be confused with
34:Chuvash (disambiguation)
6236:Ethnic groups in Russia
4524:Ethnic groups in Russia
3599:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
3255:Azerbaijani communities
2823:Encyclopædia Britannica
2615:Akiner, Shirin (1986).
2302:. New York: Routledge.
1607:Oxford University Press
1578:Oxford University Press
1181:Chuvash Knowledge (XXG)
1166:Chuvash National Museum
1114:Russian Orthodox Church
839:was forced to become a
758:Byzantine-Sasanian Wars
557:Common Turkic languages
347:(Volga-Ural) region to
4432:Crimean Tatar diaspora
3609:Western Thracian Turks
3544:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
3060:Cole, Jeffrey (2011).
2041:. Hague. pp. 7–8.
1697:University of Debrecen
1322:[tɕə̆ˈʋaʂsʲem]
1105:
1073:
1021:
983:On June 24, 1920, the
967:
965:Volga Federal District
957:
777:
536:
519:Some scholars suggest
4139:Extinct Turkic groups
4097:Turkic minorities in
4044:Turkic minorities in
4015:Turkic minorities in
3813:Turkic minorities in
3291:Georgian Azerbaijanis
3131:10.2478/jef-2020-0007
2174:10.4324/9781003243809
1992:Sinor, Denis (1997).
1730:10.4324/9781003243809
1691:Agyagási, K. (2020).
1574:UK English Dictionary
1435:2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua
1116:while a minority are
1103:
1071:
1019:
962:
895:Orthodox Christianity
775:
764:-Byzantine alliance.
534:
523:had strong ties with
502:Volga Bulgar language
354:Most of them live in
310:Related ethnic groups
292:Orthodox Christianity
6083:Unrecognized peoples
5569:Other ethnic peoples
4856:Amur-Ussuri Cossacks
4457:Central Asian (i.e.
4427:Azerbaijani diaspora
3764:Iranian Azerbaijanis
3402:Turkmen communities
3298:Western Azerbaijanis
3268:Iranian Azerbaijanis
3092:www.encyclopedia.com
2973:(28 December 2017).
2339:. pp. 446–464.
2165:The Turkic Languages
2017:Rachewiltz, Igor de.
1969:10.7829/j.ctv280b77f
1721:The Turkic Languages
1120:or practitioners of
963:Chuvash diaspora in
754:late-400s/early-500s
708:History of Chuvashia
435:Northern Wei dynasty
406:may be derived from
32:For other uses, see
6158:Assimilated peoples
4751:Meadow-Eastern Mari
3448:Turkish communities
3314:Javanshir Qizilbash
2762:2015PLoSO..1035820K
2648:(in Russian). АСТ.
1670:. Wiley-Blackwell.
489:, primarily in the
455:) was used by some
51:
6205:Siberian Bukharans
5341:Aukhovite Chechens
5293:Siberian Bukharans
4619:Aukhovite Chechens
3972:Siberian Bukharans
3774:Chaharmahali Turks
3755:Turkic minorities
3722:Turkic minorities
3641:Turkic minorities
3357:Kyrgyz communities
3326:Kazakh communities
1547:on 25 January 2016
1517:on 7 February 2009
1349:[tɕʊˈvaʂɨ]
1112:and belong to the
1106:
1080:and have some pre-
1074:
1022:
987:government of the
968:
778:
541:Igor de Rachewiltz
537:
429:an early medieval
360:Russian Federation
93: 1.1 million
6256:Turkic Christians
6213:
6212:
5842:
5840:Astrakhan Kazakhs
5564:
5563:
5300:Zabolotnie Tatars
4779:Northwestern Mari
4490:
4489:
4389:
4388:
4300:
4293:
4254:
4130:Tatars of Romania
4103:
4072:
4029:Mongolian Kazakhs
4000:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3707:
3673:
3584:Palestinian Turks
3579:Montenegrin Turks
3503:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3433:
3424:
3417:
3377:
3348:Mongolian Kazakhs
3316:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3073:978-1-59884-302-6
3037:pattern.rusneb.ru
2817:"Chuvashes"
2628:978-1-136-14274-1
2532:Golden, Peter B.
2515:Golden, Peter B.
2498:Golden, Peter B.
2481:Golden, Peter B.
2464:Golden, Peter B.
2450:978-0-521-24304-9
2354:978-0-19-880462-8
2213:978-90-272-6864-8
2118:. p. 446-464
2003:978-0-86078-632-0
1978:978-963-386-572-9
1943:978-3-447-03274-2
1891:978-0-19-880462-8
1337:
1310:
1156:List of Chuvashes
951:V. N. Tatishchev.
837:Suar Principality
329:
328:
16:(Redirected from
6263:
6129:Crimean Italians
6098:
6028:
5984:
5950:
5917:Meskhetian Turks
5901:
5882:
5863:
5861:Sakhalin Koreans
5856:
5838:
5793:
5779:
5772:
5753:
5746:
5739:
5732:
5725:
5701:
5694:
5687:
5673:
5645:Crimean Karaites
5604:
5507:
5500:
5471:
5464:
5445:
5438:
5431:
5424:
5417:
5410:
5403:
5396:
5389:
5382:
5375:
5368:
5361:
5354:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5281:
5274:
5267:
5248:
5166:
5076:
5052:
5045:
4965:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4919:Astrakhan Tatars
4914:
4895:
4881:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4837:
4830:
4816:
4802:
4795:
4781:
4774:
4773:
4760:
4759:
4729:
4708:
4701:
4652:
4645:
4621:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4494:
4437:Turkish diaspora
4296:
4289:
4250:
4101:
4083:Karategin Uzbeks
4068:
3996:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3930:Astrakhan Tatars
3928:
3893:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3799:Iranian Turkmens
3731:Crimean Karaites
3703:
3669:
3569:Macedonian Turks
3534:Dodecanese Turks
3499:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3431:Iranian Turkmens
3429:
3420:
3413:
3373:
3312:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3252:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3209:
3190:
3189:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3133:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3057:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3012:
2994:
2969:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2877:
2859:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2819:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2791:
2773:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2612:
2601:
2600:
2582:
2565:
2564:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2378:. Archived from
2373:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2023:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1856:on 23 April 2023
1852:. Archived from
1821:
1815:
1814:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1758:Pritsak, Omeljan
1754:
1748:
1747:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1634:
1628:
1623:Gerard Clauson,
1621:
1615:
1614:
1613:on 12 June 2020.
1609:. Archived from
1592:
1586:
1585:
1584:on 12 June 2020.
1580:. Archived from
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1513:. Archived from
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1491:on 14 March 2012
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1455:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1365:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1309:romanized:
1308:
1306:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1263:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1220:
1212:
1196:Chuvash numerals
1133:
1078:Chuvash language
995:; it became the
991:established the
978:Chuvash language
955:
887:Christianization
865:
845:Arab–Khazar wars
755:
696:
695:
684:
683:
670:
669:
656:
655:
491:Chuvash Republic
477:Chuvash language
255:
253:
252:
237:
235:
234:
219:
217:
216:
201:
199:
198:
183:
181:
180:
165:
163:
162:
147:
145:
144:
130:
125:
123:
122:
111:
109:
108:
94:
91:
84:Total population
76:
66:
60:
59:
52:
21:
6271:
6270:
6266:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6261:
6260:
6216:
6215:
6214:
6209:
6153:
6124:Caucasus Greeks
6096:Afro-Abkhazians
6094:
6078:
6024:
5980:
5948:Kola Norwegians
5946:
5897:
5878:
5859:
5852:
5789:
5775:
5768:
5749:
5742:
5735:
5728:
5721:
5697:
5690:
5683:
5669:
5600:
5560:
5537:
5503:
5496:
5467:
5460:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5399:
5392:
5385:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5317:
5298:
5291:
5284:
5277:
5270:
5263:
5259:Siberian Tatars
5244:
5216:
5162:
5144:
5106:
5072:
5048:
5041:
4959:
4952:
4938:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4908:
4891:
4877:
4868:
4863:Baikal Cossacks
4861:
4854:
4847:
4833:
4826:
4812:
4798:
4791:
4777:
4767:
4763:
4753:
4749:
4725:
4704:
4697:
4648:
4641:
4617:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4533:
4526:
4521:
4491:
4486:
4451:
4447:Kazakh diaspora
4415:
4385:
4134:
4100:
4098:
4092:
4054:Afghan Turkmens
4045:
4038:
4016:
4010:
3965:Siberian Tatars
3889:
3814:
3808:
3804:Iranian Kazakhs
3784:Khorasani Turks
3756:
3750:
3723:
3717:
3660:Chinese Kazakhs
3642:
3636:
3619:
3618:Turkic peoples
3613:
3514:Bulgarian Turks
3490:Abkhazian Turks
3443:
3415:Afghan Turkmens
3397:
3352:
3343:Iranian Kazakhs
3338:Chinese Kazakhs
3321:
3241:
3236:
3199:
3194:
3193:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3096:
3094:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3041:
3039:
3031:
3030:
3026:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2955:
2947:
2943:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2850:(4): e1005068.
2836:
2835:
2831:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2756:(9): e0135820.
2742:
2741:
2737:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2645:Russian History
2641:
2640:
2636:
2629:
2614:
2613:
2604:
2597:
2584:
2583:
2568:
2561:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2385:on 21 July 2011
2382:
2376:mt-archive.info
2371:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2310:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2043:
2036:
2035:
2026:
2015:
2011:
2004:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1913:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1859:
1857:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1740:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1622:
1618:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1442:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1359:
1355:
1344:
1325:; Russian:
1317:
1294:
1267:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1152:
1098:
1076:They speak the
1066:
1048:component with
1014:
973:
956:
948:
879:bonded laborers
792:, reaching the
770:
753:
721:tribes and the
715:
710:
704:
581:August Ahlqvist
487:European Russia
483:Turkic language
479:
473:
392:
368:Turkic language
302:
298:
294:
290:
274:
250:
248:
232:
230:
214:
212:
196:
194:
178:
176:
160:
158:
142:
140:
134:
120:
118:
116:
115:
106:
104:
92:
79:
67:
61:
47:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6269:
6267:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6251:Turkic peoples
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6226:Chuvash people
6218:
6217:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6161:
6159:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6114:Astrakhan Jews
6111:
6106:
6101:
6100:
6099:
6086:
6084:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6030:
6029:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5952:
5951:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5890:
5885:
5884:
5883:
5871:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5857:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5795:
5794:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5773:
5761:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5747:
5740:
5733:
5726:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5699:Siberian Finns
5695:
5692:Murmansk Finns
5688:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5606:
5605:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5556:Tver Karelians
5553:
5547:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5501:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5465:
5453:
5448:
5447:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5425:
5418:
5411:
5404:
5397:
5390:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5355:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5327:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5296:
5289:
5282:
5275:
5268:
5256:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5237:
5232:
5226:
5224:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5154:
5152:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5116:
5114:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5046:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4973:
4971:
4962:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4922:
4903:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4870:Kuban Cossacks
4866:
4859:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4831:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4796:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4775:
4761:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4718:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4658:Crimean Tatars
4655:
4654:
4653:
4646:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4558:
4551:
4538:
4536:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4497:
4488:
4487:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4366:Yenisei Kyrgyz
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4294:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4115:Finnish Tatars
4112:
4106:
4104:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4048:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4020:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3818:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3736:Crimean Tatars
3733:
3727:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3679:Chinese Uzbeks
3676:
3675:
3674:
3665:Chinese Kyrgyz
3662:
3657:
3655:Chinese Tatars
3652:
3646:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3604:Tunisian Turks
3601:
3596:
3591:
3589:Romanian Turks
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3559:Lebanese Turks
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3539:Egyptian Turks
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3519:Croatian Turks
3516:
3511:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3495:Algerian Turks
3492:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3369:Chinese Kyrgyz
3366:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3294:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3278:
3258:
3256:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3239:Turkic peoples
3237:
3235:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3197:External links
3195:
3192:
3191:
3148:
3124:(1): 111–120.
3104:
3079:
3072:
3049:
3024:
2964:
2953:
2941:
2906:(5): 394–408.
2889:
2829:
2814:, ed. (1911).
2812:Chisholm, Hugh
2803:
2735:
2718:
2698:
2681:
2661:
2654:
2634:
2627:
2602:
2595:
2566:
2559:
2541:
2535:Khazar Studies
2524:
2507:
2504:. p. 112.
2490:
2487:. p. 146.
2473:
2470:. p. 104.
2456:
2449:
2429:
2411:
2396:
2360:
2353:
2323:
2308:
2288:
2267:10.2307/598999
2261:(2): 111–114.
2241:
2219:
2212:
2192:
2182:
2154:
2129:
2106:
2099:
2081:
2072:
2058:
2024:
2009:
2002:
1984:
1977:
1949:
1942:
1924:
1915:|website=
1890:
1870:
1836:(4): 428–476.
1816:
1798:
1749:
1738:
1710:
1683:
1676:
1656:
1649:
1629:
1616:
1587:
1558:
1528:
1502:
1472:
1450:
1440:
1422:
1411:on 4 June 2011
1392:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1353:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1151:
1148:
1097:
1094:
1065:
1062:
1058:language shift
1013:
1010:
972:
971:Modern history
969:
946:
910:Volga Bulgaria
856:Volga Bulgaria
830:Volga Bulgaria
826:Oghuric tribes
818:Khazar Khanate
804:coast and the
794:North Caucasus
769:
766:
727:Volga Bulgars.
714:
711:
706:Main article:
703:
700:
699:
698:
686:
672:
671:, 'mid-lower')
658:
475:Main article:
472:
469:
465:Gerard Clauson
461:refer to China
437:in China. The
391:
388:
333:Chuvash people
327:
326:
312:
311:
307:
306:
284:
283:
279:
278:
268:
267:
263:
262:
259:
245:
244:
241:
227:
226:
223:
209:
208:
205:
191:
190:
187:
173:
172:
169:
155:
154:
151:
137:
136:
131:
101:
100:
96:
95:
86:
85:
81:
80:
77:
69:
68:
55:
45:
41:Chumash people
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6268:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6156:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6139:Pontic Greeks
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6097:
6093:
6092:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6081:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6027:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5983:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5949:
5945:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5932:Mountain Jews
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5900:
5896:
5895:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5881:
5877:
5876:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5854:North Koreans
5851:
5850:
5849:
5846:
5841:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5792:
5788:
5787:
5786:
5783:
5778:
5777:Volga Germans
5774:
5771:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5759:Georgian Jews
5757:
5752:
5748:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5734:
5731:
5727:
5724:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5700:
5696:
5693:
5689:
5686:
5685:Ingrian Finns
5682:
5681:
5680:
5677:
5672:
5668:
5667:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5640:Bukharan Jews
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5603:
5599:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5506:
5502:
5499:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5470:
5466:
5463:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5444:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5426:
5423:
5419:
5416:
5412:
5409:
5405:
5402:
5398:
5395:
5391:
5388:
5384:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5301:
5297:
5294:
5290:
5287:
5286:Kalmak Tatars
5283:
5280:
5279:Eushta Tatars
5276:
5273:
5269:
5266:
5265:Baraba Tatars
5262:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5165:
5161:
5160:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5151:
5147:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4955:
4949:
4946:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4933:Mishar Tatars
4930:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4880:
4876:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4836:
4832:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4806:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4780:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4765:Mountain Mari
4762:
4757:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4707:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4534:nationalities
4529:
4525:
4518:
4513:
4511:
4506:
4504:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4485:territories).
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4186:Black Klobuks
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4102:(exc. Russia)
4095:
4089:
4088:Afghan Kyrgyz
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4004:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3973:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3944:Mishar Tatars
3941:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3711:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3620:in Uzbekistan
3616:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3594:Serbian Turks
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3554:Kosovan Turks
3552:
3550:
3549:Israeli Turks
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3529:Cypriot Turks
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:Bosnian Turks
3507:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3383:Afghan Kyrgyz
3381:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3219:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3108:
3105:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2893:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2833:
2830:
2825:
2824:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2721:
2719:9781135193881
2715:
2711:
2710:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2684:
2682:9781135193881
2678:
2674:
2673:
2665:
2662:
2657:
2655:9785170182688
2651:
2647:
2646:
2638:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2596:1-57958-468-3
2592:
2588:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2560:1-57958-468-3
2556:
2552:
2545:
2542:
2538:. p. 35.
2537:
2536:
2528:
2525:
2521:. p. 91.
2520:
2519:
2511:
2508:
2503:
2502:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2477:
2474:
2469:
2468:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2412:
2407:
2400:
2397:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2309:1-57958-392-X
2305:
2301:
2300:
2292:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2183:9781003243809
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2100:951-653-135-0
2096:
2092:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2069:. p. 39.
2068:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2040:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1908:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1739:9781003243809
1735:
1731:
1727:
1724:. Routledge.
1723:
1722:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1677:0-631-22039-9
1673:
1669:
1668:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1650:0-415-29772-9
1646:
1642:
1641:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1371:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1341:
1335:
1323:
1314:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1288:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1245:
1218:
1211:
1208:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1136:Vattisen Yaly
1132:
1127:
1123:
1122:Vattisen Yaly
1119:
1118:Sunni Muslims
1115:
1111:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1036:and possibly
1035:
1031:
1027:
1018:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
981:
979:
970:
966:
961:
954:
952:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
921:
919:
915:
914:Bashkortostan
911:
907:
902:
900:
896:
892:
891:Russification
888:
884:
880:
876:
871:
869:
868:Kazan Khanate
861:
858:in 1236, the
857:
853:
848:
846:
842:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
774:
768:Early history
767:
765:
763:
759:
751:
750:Transcaucasia
747:
743:
738:
736:
735:Uralic tribes
732:
728:
724:
723:Finno-Ugrians
720:
712:
709:
701:
690:
687:
678:
677:
673:
664:
663:
659:
650:
649:
645:
644:
643:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:sound changes
558:
553:
551:
545:
542:
533:
529:
526:
522:
517:
515:
512:and possibly
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
481:Chuvash is a
478:
470:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
449:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
426:
420:
419:('warlike').
418:
417:
412:
409:
408:Common Turkic
405:
401:
397:
389:
387:
385:
384:Vattisen Yaly
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
362:. They speak
361:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
305:
301:
300:Vattisen Yaly
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
277:
273:
269:
264:
260:
258:
246:
242:
240:
228:
224:
222:
210:
206:
204:
192:
188:
186:
174:
170:
168:
156:
152:
150:
138:
132:
128:
114:
102:
97:
87:
82:
75:
70:
65:
53:
42:
35:
30:
19:
5927:Montenegrins
5615:Azerbaijanis
5451:Azerbaijanis
4906:Volga Tatars
4893:Tozhu Tuvans
4735:Komi-Permyak
4631:
4125:Lipka Tatars
3998:Tozhu Tuvans
3958:Volga Tatars
3869:
3671:Akto Turkmen
3564:Libyan Turks
3524:Cretan Turks
3439:Akto Turkmen
3388:Tajik Kyrgyz
3375:Akto Turkmen
3262:Azerbaijanis
3185:
3168:(1): 37–54.
3165:
3161:
3151:
3143:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3095:. Retrieved
3091:
3082:
3062:
3040:. Retrieved
3036:
3027:
2982:
2979:BMC Genetics
2978:
2967:
2956:
2944:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2847:
2843:
2832:
2821:
2806:
2753:
2749:
2738:
2730:
2723:. Retrieved
2708:
2701:
2693:
2686:. Retrieved
2671:
2664:
2644:
2637:
2617:
2586:
2550:
2544:
2534:
2527:
2517:
2510:
2500:
2493:
2483:
2476:
2466:
2459:
2439:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2380:the original
2375:
2363:
2336:
2326:
2298:
2291:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2235:
2232:Encyclopedia
2231:
2222:
2202:
2195:
2187:
2164:
2157:
2148:
2141:. Retrieved
2132:
2120:. Retrieved
2109:
2090:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2061:
2038:
2016:
2012:
1993:
1987:
1959:
1952:
1933:
1927:
1895:. Retrieved
1880:
1873:
1865:
1858:. Retrieved
1854:the original
1833:
1829:
1819:
1811:
1801:
1793:
1769:
1765:
1752:
1743:
1720:
1713:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1666:
1659:
1639:
1632:
1624:
1619:
1611:the original
1599:
1590:
1582:the original
1570:
1561:
1549:. Retrieved
1545:the original
1541:Demoscope.ru
1540:
1531:
1519:. Retrieved
1515:the original
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1489:the original
1485:Demoscope.ru
1484:
1475:
1465:26 September
1463:. Retrieved
1461:. Ethnologue
1453:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1409:the original
1405:Demoscope.ru
1404:
1395:
1389:(in Russian)
1380:
1356:
1210:
1140:
1107:
1075:
1042:
1023:
1006:
982:
974:
949:
923:
903:
872:
860:Golden Horde
849:
841:vassal state
834:
798:Old Bulgaria
779:
739:
716:
688:
674:
660:
654:вирьял, тури
646:
641:
615:
585:
576:
572:
568:
564:
554:
550:Proto-Turkic
546:
538:
518:
506:Oghur Turkic
499:
480:
446:
442:
423:
421:
415:
410:
403:
399:
398:of the word
393:
353:
332:
330:
316:Volga Tatars
295:
287:
221:Turkmenistan
46:Ethnic group
29:
6109:Armeno-Tats
6026:Ural Swedes
5912:Macedonians
5907:Lithuanians
5744:Mingrelians
5620:Belarusians
5602:Cherkesogai
5272:Chat Tatars
4768: [
4754: [
4346:Toquz Oghuz
4285:Oghuz Turks
4252:Sir-Kıvchak
4046:Afghanistan
3789:Qarai Turks
3705:Tor Uyghurs
3684:Fuyu Kyrgyz
3632:Karakalpaks
3501:Kouloughlis
3305:Karapapakhs
1026:Finno-Ugric
926:Volga River
812:invasions.
662:Anat jenchi
611:Volga Tatar
601:languages.
591:Finno-Ugric
459:peoples to
457:Inner Asian
380:Sunni Islam
304:Sunni Islam
6220:Categories
6069:Vietnamese
6054:Ukrainians
5982:Ruska Roma
5956:Pakistanis
5942:Norwegians
5899:Latgalians
5809:Hungarians
5770:Mennonites
5635:Bulgarians
5518:Tabasarans
5012:Kamchadals
4958:Indigenous
4727:Izhma Komi
4673:Kabardians
3393:Van Kyrgyz
3275:Shahsevans
3042:14 October
2985:(1): 110.
2844:PLOS Genet
1551:9 February
1521:21 October
1495:9 February
1415:9 February
1372:References
1186:ChuvashTet
897:, but the
866:1438. The
854:destroyed
850:After the
822:Volga-Kama
806:Suar Duchy
790:Kazakhstan
685:, 'lower')
657:, 'upper')
635:, because
629:endangered
485:spoken in
439:Old Turkic
203:Tajikistan
185:Uzbekistan
149:Kazakhstan
6200:Pumpokols
6015:Spaniards
5990:Romanians
5922:Moldovans
5869:Krymchaks
5804:Hamshenis
5723:Adjarians
5717:Georgians
5665:Estonians
5610:Assyrians
5596:Armenians
5586:Americans
5551:Besermyan
5469:Kubachins
5394:Chamalals
5373:Bagvalals
5235:Kumandins
5164:Hamnigans
5120:Izhorians
5112:Northwest
5082:Nganasans
5074:Khandeyar
4969:Far North
4940:Nağaybäks
4926:Kryashens
4822:Ossetians
4814:Khandeyar
4688:Karelians
4683:Karachays
4583:Telengits
4555:Natukhajs
4420:Diasporas
4361:Xueyantuo
4351:Uriankhai
4298:Pechenegs
4291:Turkomans
4265:Kutrigurs
3937:Kryashens
3899:Kumandins
3880:Karachays
3860:Besermyan
3835:Telengits
3741:Krymchaks
3724:in Crimea
3689:Ili Turks
3282:Küresünni
3182:1360-2004
3140:2228-0987
3001:1471-2156
2920:1744-313X
2866:1553-7404
2780:1932-6203
2725:13 August
2688:13 August
2275:0003-0279
2228:"Chuvash"
2150:languages
2047:cite book
1917:ignored (
1907:cite book
1842:0363-5570
1782:0363-5570
1596:"Chuvash"
1567:"Chuvash"
1459:"Chuvash"
1334:romanized
1191:Bulgarism
1126:shamanism
1082:Christian
985:Bolshevik
924:Down the
918:Chuvashia
802:Black Sea
668:анат енчи
617:Mongolian
588:Turkified
559:) by two
396:etymology
390:Etymology
356:Chuvashia
345:Idel-Ural
296:Minority:
288:Majority:
266:Languages
133:1,067,139
127:Chuvashia
18:Chuvashes
6195:Meschera
6149:Sireniki
6090:Africans
6039:Turkmens
6010:Slovenes
5966:Persians
5893:Latvians
5824:Japanese
5819:Italians
5625:Bosniaks
5533:Tsakhurs
5505:Karagash
5498:Ak Nogai
5429:Khwarshi
5401:Godoberi
5387:Botlikhs
5352:Akhvakhs
5323:Dagestan
5313:Tofalars
5230:Kamasins
5182:Negidals
5150:Far East
5135:Vepsians
5097:Yukaghir
5037:Alyutors
5007:Itelmens
4982:Chukchis
4849:Cossacks
4843:Russians
4787:Mordvins
4643:Besleney
4637:Cherkess
4613:Chechens
4603:Bashkirs
4590:Tubalars
4576:Chelkans
4570:Altaians
4562:Shapsugs
4548:Bzhedugs
4471:Turkmens
4459:Turkmeni
4316:Saragurs
4260:Kurykans
4246:Kipchaks
4231:Keraites
4216:Göktürks
4206:Dughlats
4196:Dingling
4166:Berendei
4017:Mongolia
3987:Tofalars
3951:Nağaybäk
3855:Bashkirs
3842:Tubalars
3828:Chelkans
3822:Altaians
3643:in China
3475:Tahtacıs
3468:Muhacirs
3409:Turkmens
3097:21 April
3019:29297395
2936:20804610
2928:22520580
2884:25898006
2798:26332464
2750:PLOS ONE
2389:21 March
2318:56420105
2237:Russian.
2143:25 April
2122:25 April
1897:30 March
1860:23 April
1850:41036005
1790:41036005
1760:(1982).
1313:çăvaşsem
1305:чӑвашсем
1150:See also
1096:Religion
1012:Genetics
947:—
942:Bashkirs
938:Simbirsk
599:Mongolic
471:Language
453:Mandarin
443:Tabghach
425:Tabghach
320:Bashkirs
282:Religion
64:çăvaşsem
58:чӑвашсем
6165:Agrzhan
6144:Qaratay
6134:Korlaks
6074:Yazidis
6064:Uyghurs
6005:Slovaks
5961:Pamiris
5880:Kurmanj
5848:Koreans
5834:Kazakhs
5814:Indians
5764:Germans
5730:Ingiloy
5660:Dungans
5630:Britons
5581:Afghans
5487:Lezgins
5462:Kaitags
5456:Dargins
5422:Karatas
5415:Hunzibs
5408:Hinukhs
5380:Bezhtas
5331:Abazins
5308:Teleuts
5222:Siberia
5140:Votians
5087:Selkups
5032:Koryaks
4997:Dolgans
4992:Chuvans
4987:Chulyms
4960:peoples
4901:Udmurts
4793:Mokshas
4706:Abugach
4699:Koibals
4678:Kalmyks
4632:Chuvash
4627:Chukchi
4608:Buryats
4598:Balkars
4532:Titular
4483:Ottoman
4467:Iranian
4463:Afghani
4411:Mughals
4406:Hazaras
4356:Utigurs
4331:Türgesh
4306:Onogurs
4280:Nushibi
4275:Naimans
4236:Khazars
4226:Karluks
4181:Chigils
4176:Bulgars
4161:Barsils
4099:Europe
4078:Ansarlu
4024:Khotons
3982:Teleuts
3875:Dolgans
3870:Chuvash
3865:Chulyms
3850:Balkars
3794:Qashqai
3779:Khalajs
3757:in Iran
3699:Uyghurs
3422:Ansarlu
3333:Kazakhs
3247:Peoples
3187:Tatars.
3010:5751809
2875:4405460
2789:4558026
2758:Bibcode
2744:(ed.).
1776:: 470.
1301:Chuvash
1131:keremet
1086:Russian
1064:Culture
1050:Bashkir
930:Bulgars
852:Mongols
800:on the
786:Zhetysu
782:Bulgars
752:in the
746:Siberia
731:Russian
713:Origins
702:History
637:Russian
631:by the
625:Persian
603:Russian
521:Hunnish
431:Xianbei
404:Chuvash
400:Chuvash
364:Chuvash
349:Siberia
324:Udmurts
276:Russian
272:Chuvash
257:Moldova
239:Belarus
167:Ukraine
135:684,930
50:Chuvash
6185:Muroma
6119:Buzava
6059:Uzbeks
6034:Tajiks
6020:Swedes
5995:Rusyns
5888:Kyrgyz
5785:Greeks
5712:Gagauz
5707:French
5655:Czechs
5650:Cubans
5576:Abkhaz
5523:Talysh
5513:Rutuls
5492:Nogais
5477:Kumyks
5436:Tindis
5366:Archis
5336:Aghuls
5254:Soyots
5192:Orochs
5187:Nivkhs
5158:Evenks
5102:Yupiks
5068:Nenets
5063:Naukan
5050:Karaga
5027:Khanty
5017:Kereks
4977:Aleuts
4948:Yakuts
4911:Tatars
4887:Tuvans
4879:Pomors
4828:Digors
4808:Nenets
4800:Erzyas
4716:Khanty
4693:Khakas
4668:Ingush
4650:Ademey
4542:Adyghe
4479:Syrian
4401:Abdals
4394:Others
4381:Yabaku
4371:Yueban
4321:Shatuo
4311:Sabirs
4270:Merkit
4221:Kangly
4211:Esegel
4191:Cumans
4171:Bulaqs
4156:Basmyl
4120:Gagauz
4070:Timuri
4064:Aimaqs
4059:Afshar
4006:Yakuts
3992:Tuvans
3924:Tatars
3919:Soyots
3909:Nogais
3904:Kumyks
3891:Koibal
3885:Khakas
3815:Russia
3769:Afshar
3713:Yugurs
3627:Uzbeks
3482:Yörüks
3364:Kyrgyz
3180:
3138:
3070:
3017:
3007:
2999:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2882:
2872:
2864:
2796:
2786:
2778:
2716:
2679:
2652:
2625:
2593:
2557:
2447:
2351:
2316:
2306:
2283:598999
2281:
2273:
2210:
2180:
2097:
2000:
1975:
1940:
1888:
1848:
1840:
1788:
1780:
1736:
1674:
1647:
1601:Lexico
1572:Lexico
1362:Altaic
1340:čuvaši
1328:чуваши
1253:-vahsh
1144:Tatars
1046:Turkic
1038:Bulgar
1030:Turkic
1001:Soviet
883:barges
814:Sabirs
810:Khazar
762:Khazar
742:Sabirs
682:анатри
676:Anatri
648:Virjal
633:UNESCO
621:Arabic
595:Turkic
525:Bulgar
514:Khazar
510:Bulgar
416:şarmăs
372:family
337:Turkic
335:are a
254:
236:
218:
200:
189:10,074
182:
171:10,593
164:
153:22,305
146:
124:
113:Russia
110:
6190:Merya
6180:Kotts
6170:Asans
6104:Ainus
6044:Turks
6000:Serbs
5971:Poles
5937:Mugat
5874:Kurds
5791:Urums
5751:Svans
5679:Finns
5671:Setos
5591:Arabs
5543:Other
5359:Andis
5346:Avars
5240:Shors
5212:Ulchs
5207:Udege
5197:Oroks
5177:Nanai
5172:Evens
5130:Setos
5092:Yughs
5058:Mansi
5043:Apuka
5002:Enets
4835:Irons
4772:]
4758:]
4740:Mansi
4475:Iraqi
4376:Yagma
4341:Torks
4336:Tuhsi
4326:Tiele
4241:Kimek
4201:Duolu
4034:Dukha
3914:Shors
3746:Urums
3694:Salar
3461:Gajal
3455:Turks
2932:S2CID
2383:(PDF)
2372:(PDF)
2279:JSTOR
1846:JSTOR
1786:JSTOR
1703:: 9.
1295:VAHSH
1293:chuu-
1202:Notes
1090:Tatar
1054:Tatar
1034:Oghur
989:RSFSR
934:Kazan
899:Tsars
875:yasak
719:Sabir
694:хирти
689:Hirti
495:Oghur
448:Tuoba
441:name
411:jăvaş
341:Ogurs
261:1,204
243:2,242
225:2,281
207:3,904
6175:Chud
6049:Udis
5976:Roma
5829:Jews
5528:Tats
5482:Laks
5443:Tsez
5125:Sámi
5022:Kets
4909:(as
4745:Mari
4721:Komi
4477:and
4465:and
4146:Alat
3650:Äynu
3178:ISSN
3136:ISSN
3099:2023
3068:ISBN
3044:2022
3015:PMID
2997:ISSN
2924:PMID
2916:ISSN
2880:PMID
2862:ISSN
2794:PMID
2776:ISSN
2727:2021
2714:ISBN
2690:2021
2677:ISBN
2650:ISBN
2623:ISBN
2591:ISBN
2555:ISBN
2445:ISBN
2391:2018
2349:ISBN
2314:OCLC
2304:ISBN
2271:ISSN
2208:ISBN
2178:ISBN
2145:2024
2124:2023
2095:ISBN
2053:link
1998:ISBN
1973:ISBN
1938:ISBN
1919:help
1899:2024
1886:ISBN
1862:2023
1838:ISSN
1778:ISSN
1734:ISBN
1672:ISBN
1645:ISBN
1553:2016
1523:2009
1497:2016
1467:2023
1417:2016
1345:IPA:
1318:IPA:
1251:CHOO
1088:and
1052:and
1028:and
936:and
889:and
740:The
623:and
609:and
607:Mari
597:and
571:and
366:, a
331:The
5799:Han
5737:Laz
5246:Aba
5202:Taz
3170:doi
3126:doi
3005:PMC
2987:doi
2908:doi
2870:PMC
2852:doi
2784:PMC
2766:doi
2341:doi
2263:doi
2170:doi
1965:doi
1726:doi
920:).
451:in
382:or
351:.
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4770:ru
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