1080:
977:
1028:
785:
544:
1112:
215:
197:
179:
143:
121:
251:
233:
161:
74:
107:
1755:
Another Turkic people in the Volga area are the
Chuvash, who, like the Tatars, regard themselves as descendants of the Volga Bulghars in the historical and cultural sense. It is clear that Chuvash belongs to the Oghur branch of Turkic, as the language of the Volga Bulghars did, but no direct evidence
1018:
The
Chuvash language vanished from educational and public use. In 1989, another Chuvash cultural revival began - partly in response to these changes. Soon the Chuvash language once again came into use in educational, public, and political life. As of 2005, schools in the Chuvash Republic and in areas
1716:
Modern
Chuvash is the only descendant language of the Ogur branch.The ancestors of its speakers left the Khazar Empire in the 8th century and migrated to the region at the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers, where they founded the Volga Bulgarian Empire in the 10th century. In the central Volga
1153:
of Tatar loanwords. However, sources do not specify the practices of the
Chuvash during this period. Some Chuvash who converted to Christianity following the Russian conquest converted to Islam during the 19th and early 20th century. During this period, several Chuvash communities were influenced by
2848:
Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Metspalu, Mait; Metspalu, Ene; Valeev, Albert; Litvinov, Sergei; Valiev, Ruslan; Akhmetova, Vita; Balanovska, Elena; Balanovsky, Oleg; Turdikulova, Shahlo; Dalimova, Dilbar; Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn; Bahmanimehr, Ardeshir; Sahakyan, Hovhannes; Tambets, Kristiina; Fedorova, Sardana;
1152:
A minority of
Chuvash may have been exposed to Islam as early as the Volga Bulgaria era but most of those early Chuvash likely converted during the Golden Horde period. An inscription dated at 1307 indicates that some Chuvash were converted to Islam, and religious terms occur in Chuvash in the form
555:
noted a significant distinction of the
Chuvash language from other Turkic languages. According to him, the Chuvash language does not share certain common characteristics with Turkic languages to such a degree that some scholars consider Chuvash as an independent branch from Turkic and Mongolic. The
2983:
Triska, Petr; Chekanov, Nikolay; Stepanov, Vadim; Khusnutdinova, Elza K.; Kumar, Ganesh Prasad Arun; Akhmetova, Vita; Babalyan, Konstantin; Boulygina, Eugenia; Kharkov, Vladimir; Gubina, Marina; Khidiyatova, Irina; Khitrinskaya, Irina; Khrameeva, Ekaterina E.; Khusainova, Rita; Konovalova, Natalia
2754:
Kushniarevich, Alena; Utevska, Olga; Chuhryaeva, Marina; Agdzhoyan, Anastasia; Dibirova, Khadizhat; Uktveryte, Ingrida; Möls, Märt; Mulahasanovic, Lejla; Pshenichnov, Andrey; Frolova, Svetlana; Shanko, Andrey; Metspalu, Ene; Reidla, Maere; Tambets, Kristiina; Tamm, Erika (2015). Calafell, Francesc
2247:
The
Chuvash language by virtue of a number of peculiarities differs more widely than others from the Turkic languages. There are many Chuvash words in Mari, Udmurt, Russian, and other languages. Likewise, the Chuvash language has borrowings from Arabic, Persian, Kypchak-Tatar, Finnish-Ugric, and
539:
and to modern
Chuvash and refer to this extended grouping as separate Hunno-Bulgar languages. However, such speculations are not based on proper linguistic evidence, since the language of the Huns is almost unknown except for a few attested words and personal names. Scholars generally consider
2908:
Suslova, T. A.; Burmistrova, A. L.; Chernova, M. S.; Khromova, E. B.; Lupar, E. I.; Timofeeva, S. V.; Devald, I. V.; Vavilov, M. N.; Darke, C. (1 October 2012). "HLA gene and haplotype frequencies in
Russians, Bashkirs and Tatars, living in the Chelyabinsk Region (Russian South Urals)".
1079:
1014:
authorities attempted to suppress nationalist movements by re-drawing the borders of the republic, leaving many
Chuvash living in neighboring republics or in Russian districts. During most of the Soviet period of 1917–1991, the Chuvash were subjected to Russification campaigns.
3197:
Chuvashes who accepted Islam later on became imams, muezzins, teachers in madrasahs and the other religious employees. Many Chuvashes were influenced by Tatars who were strong representatives of Islam in the Volga-Urals region. This caused Chuvashes to define themselves as
1054:
Phenotypically, there is no particular differences among the Chuvash, as more Caucasoid or more Mongoloid phenotypes can be found among all subgroups. In 2017, a full genome study found Chuvash largely show a Finno-Ugric genetic component despite having a small common
2849:
Barashkov, Nikolay; Khidiyatova, Irina; Mihailov, Evelin; Khusainova, Rita; Damba, Larisa; Derenko, Miroslava; Malyarchuk, Boris; Osipova, Ludmila; Voevoda, Mikhail; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Kivisild, Toomas; Khusnutdinova, Elza; Villems, Richard (21 April 2015).
2160:
Formerly, scholars considered Chuvash to be a Turkicized Finno-Ugric (Uralic) language or an intermediate branch between Turkic and Mongolian. The distinct character of Chuvash is also indicated by its lack of mutual intelligibility with the other Turkic
559:
Despite grammatical similarity with the rest of Turkic language family, the presence of changes in Chuvash pronunciation (which are hard to reconcile with other members of the Turkic family) has led some scholars to see Chuvash as originating not from
1442:"Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 - English version - Results - Nationality and citizenship - The distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue - Selection"
1135:. After the Russian subjugation of the Chuvash in the 16th century, a campaign of Christianization began. However, most Chuvash were not converted until the mid-19th century. The Chuvash retain some pre-Christian and pre-Islamic
4766:
2033:/ by Igor de Rachewiltz and Volker Rybatzki; with the collaboration of Hung Chin-fu. p. cm. — (Handbook of Oriental Studies = Handbuch der Orientalistik. Section 8, Central Asia; 20). — Leiden; Boston, 2010. — P. 7.
3098:
3155:
In some cases, the Chuvash perceived Tatar ethnic identity as parallel to Islam, although they retained the Chuvash language and kept some elements of Chuvash culture in everyday life as well as in rituals.
1441:
1717:
region three Volga Bulgarian dialects developed, and Chuvash is the descendant of the 3rd dialect of Volga Bulgarian (Agyagási 2019: 160–183). Sources refer to it as a separate language beginning with 1508
760:, they lived there at least the end of the third millennium BC. They were skilled in warfare, used siege machinery, had a large army (including women) and were boatbuilders. Sabirs led incursions into
987:
The 18th and 19th centuries saw the revival of Chuvash culture and the publication of many educational, literary, and linguistic works, along with the establishment of schools and other programs. The
3213:
1823:
Granberg's suggestion that we should revive the term Hunno-Bulgar may well became that replacement — once it is clear that Hunnic and Bulgar were closely related and perhaps even the same language.
1756:
for diachronic development between the two has been established. As there were several distinct Oghur languages in the Middle Ages, Volga Bulghar could represent one of these, and Chuvash another.
882:
then became the new authority of the region and of the Chuvash. The modern name "Chuvash" began to appear in records starting from the sixteenth century from Russian and other foreign sources.
1805:
The language had strong ties to Bulgar language and to modern Chuvash, but also had some important connections, especially lexical and morphological, to Ottoman Turkish and Yakut
1019:
outside that have large Chuvash populations teach the Chuvash language and culture. Chuvash people around Russia also have media available to them in their local communities.
564:, but from another proto-language spoken at the time of Proto-Turkic (in which case Chuvash and all the remaining Turkic languages would be part of a larger language family).
4525:
5867:
6026:
2199:
Chuvash have a quite a different history than their neighbors, the Tatars, but they have been in a cultural contact with them, as is clear from linguistic evidence.
2063:
1186:
6021:
1877:
p. 430 "I was able to establish a Danube- Bulgarian nominative- suffix /A/ from the consonant stems. Recalling that Danube- Bulgarian was a Hunnic language."
1007:
639:
also influenced Chuvash. Chuvash language has two to three dialects. Although Chuvash is taught at schools and sometimes used in the media, it is considered
1051:
ancestry in modern Chuvash. These Oghur tribes brought the Chuvash language with them. Another study found some Finno-Ugric components in Chuvash people.
4673:
4542:
2833:
5530:
4979:
4968:
4492:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
4780:
3240:
2174:
1730:
1157:
and became Muslim. This caused some Muslim Chuvash to define themselves as Tatars but they retained their language and several Chuvash customs.
1945:
An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples: ethnogenesis and state-formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East
4518:
3082:
2637:
2459:
2363:
2222:
2012:
1987:
1952:
1900:
6233:
6218:
1784:
1095:
traditions. The Chuvash have specific patterns used in embroidery, which is found in their traditional clothing. Many people also use the
1890:
1103:
language, Spoken in Chuvashia and nearby regions along the middle course of the Volga River, in the central part of European Russia.
6228:
2728:
2691:
2664:
2605:
2569:
2318:
2192:
2109:
1748:
1686:
1659:
1302:
1259:
863:
889:, gradually became dispossessed of much of their land. Many Chuvash who traditionally engaged in agriculture were forced to become
859:
of 732–737. The adoption of Islam in the early tenth century in Volga Bulgaria led to most of its people embracing that religion.
1491:
729:
There are two rival schools of thought on the origin of the Chuvash people. One is that they originated from a mixing between the
6223:
4511:
3125:"Chuvash 'Paganism' at the Turn of the 21st Century: Traditional Rituals in the Religious Practice of Volga–Urals Chuvash Groups"
1547:
1411:
3519:
976:
2379:
5746:
2238:
2757:"Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data"
1521:
6083:
5816:
5232:
2090:
Johanson (1998); cf. Johanson (2000, 2007) and the articles pertaining to the subject in Johanson & Csató (ed., 1998).
1606:
5772:
5454:
4054:
3233:
3072:
1577:
6056:
1031:
Autosomal ancestry proportions of the Chuvash and several other populations, according to Kushniarevich et al. (2015).
6243:
4120:
479:
has shown that through regular sound changes, the clan name Tabghach may have transformed to the ethnonym Chuvash.
820:
in modern-day Dagestan). Old Bulgaria broke up in the second half of the 7th century after a series of successful
5958:
5811:
1522:"НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ СОСТАВ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ (ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS)"
1171:
1003:
952:. Now, after receiving baptism, very few of them remain, because many, not wanting to be baptized, moved to the
6121:
5786:
4789:
4452:
4411:
3579:
2436:
Their maternal markers appear to most closely resemble Finno-Ugric speakers rather than fellow Turkic speakers.
1836:
1181:
1027:
33:
991:
began to be used in local schools, and a special written script for the Chuvash language was created in 1871.
512:
Although there is no direct evidence, some scholars believe that Chuvash may be descendant from a dialect of
6238:
6213:
5841:
4534:
3619:
3544:
3308:
3301:
3226:
2959:
1617:
1588:
1344:
1176:
1124:
1120:
906:
769:
651:
dominates in most spheres of life and few children learning the language are likely to become active users.
568:
387:
784:
5602:
5431:
4442:
2629:
Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union (With an Appendix on the non-Muslim Turkic peoples of the Soviet Union
1375:" language grouping, which is itself controversial and has no general consensus within linguistic circles.
1035:
Physical anthropologists using the racial frameworks of the early 20th century saw the Chuvash as a mixed
981:
383:
4761:
5894:
5607:
5578:
5515:
4098:
3393:
561:
543:
513:
856:
844:, which eventually became extremely wealthy: its capital then being the 4th-largest city in the world.
598:
Chuvash is so divergent from the main body of Turkic languages that Chuvash was first believed to be a
6041:
4866:
4437:
3774:
3398:
3278:
2768:
719:
622:
446:
885:
In 1552, the Russians conquered the Kazan Khanate and its territories. The Chuvash, required to pay
5909:
5899:
5886:
5704:
5597:
5583:
4775:
4301:
3589:
3324:
1036:
734:
640:
1458:
1395:
6192:
6116:
6061:
5953:
5880:
5796:
5303:
3982:
3784:
3694:
3594:
2942:
2289:
2126:
2057:
1917:
1856:
1796:
628:
610:
552:
359:
556:
Turkic classification of Chuvash was seen as a compromise solution for classification purposes.
5827:
5821:
5801:
5757:
5568:
5310:
4140:
4039:
3500:
3358:
3188:
3146:
3078:
3025:
3007:
2934:
2926:
2890:
2872:
2804:
2786:
2724:
2687:
2660:
2633:
2601:
2565:
2455:
2359:
2324:
2314:
2281:
2218:
2188:
2105:
2008:
1983:
1948:
1896:
1848:
1788:
1744:
1682:
1655:
1191:
1166:
962:
917:
848:
517:
291:
1676:
1649:
6182:
6046:
5904:
5848:
5632:
5505:
5356:
5160:
5122:
4929:
4447:
4093:
3940:
3809:
3741:
3670:
3614:
3599:
3584:
3569:
3539:
3529:
3505:
3441:
3348:
3180:
3136:
3015:
2997:
2918:
2880:
2862:
2794:
2776:
2351:
2273:
2180:
1975:
1736:
1359:
1311:
1276:
1270:
1233:
1206:
1096:
1088:
988:
898:
879:
741:
Throughout history, they have experienced significant infusion and influence, not only from
648:
636:
614:
606:
494:
488:
464:
375:
275:
271:
5652:
1083:
A group of Chuvash children with their traditional dress (Anat jenchi - Middle Low Chuvash)
528:) are scant, the exact position of Chuvash within the Oghuric family cannot be determined.
6187:
6136:
6111:
6031:
5987:
5935:
5861:
5469:
5416:
5396:
5391:
5376:
5269:
5107:
5092:
4873:
4457:
4064:
3975:
3814:
3794:
3699:
3689:
3675:
3604:
3564:
3559:
3524:
3425:
3379:
3353:
1929:
1768:
1227:
910:
602:
592:
536:
532:
525:
521:
506:
498:
472:
379:
5135:
3292:
2827:
2430:
Graf, Orion M; John Mitchell; Stephen Wilcox; Gregory Livshits; and Michael H. Crawford.
2355:
2772:
2343:
1111:
6101:
6091:
5791:
5751:
5717:
5686:
5679:
5617:
5543:
5520:
5449:
5386:
5361:
5112:
4992:
4950:
4880:
4668:
4637:
4493:
4376:
4262:
4226:
4125:
3961:
3804:
3746:
3665:
3660:
3609:
3574:
3549:
3534:
3465:
3257:
3249:
3020:
2985:
2885:
2850:
2799:
2756:
1499:
1145:
and sacrifice geese there. One of the main shrines is located in the town of Bilyarsk.
1100:
1068:
1056:
1040:
921:
867:
841:
805:
738:
520:
language. Since the surviving literary records for the non-Chuvash members of Oghuric (
476:
367:
336:
40:
1555:
1419:
509:
branch of Turkic languages, one of the two principal branches of the Turkic family.
6207:
6126:
6077:
5963:
5919:
5875:
5764:
5699:
5694:
5672:
5647:
5627:
5510:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5381:
5296:
5289:
5275:
5097:
5078:
5073:
5060:
4943:
4818:
4709:
4678:
4421:
4196:
4130:
4069:
3954:
3901:
3789:
3779:
3554:
3374:
3046:[Unknown, Wonderful Pattern. History of cross stitch in the Russian Empire].
2922:
2822:
2654:
2416:
1703:
1146:
1132:
1128:
1044:
925:
902:
761:
746:
618:
599:
419:
395:
299:
2946:
2380:"Zheltov, Pavel. An Attribute-Sample Database System for Describing Chuvash Affixes"
2148:
1371:
Rachewiltz's classification implies that Chuvash is a separate branch of the wider "
358:
and the surrounding areas, although Chuvash communities may be found throughout the
6177:
5914:
5500:
5421:
5371:
5346:
5217:
5202:
5197:
5187:
5068:
5012:
4916:
4903:
4838:
4750:
4745:
4731:
4580:
4469:
4336:
4321:
4135:
4074:
4044:
4008:
3968:
3832:
3704:
3681:
3449:
3385:
3272:
2390:
1154:
1092:
890:
871:
852:
833:
825:
809:
753:
730:
572:
371:
315:
220:
3492:
2986:"Between Lake Baikal and the Baltic Sea: genomic history of the gateway to Europe"
2867:
2781:
2718:
2681:
2627:
2449:
2212:
6167:
6157:
6096:
6013:
5835:
5731:
5589:
5426:
5366:
5282:
5222:
5207:
5102:
4845:
4755:
4647:
4552:
4473:
4356:
4351:
4295:
3799:
3715:
3642:
3511:
3315:
1525:
673:
391:
303:
772:
on both sides. Their alliance with the Byzantines laid the basis for the later
6036:
5969:
5943:
5929:
5724:
5622:
5563:
5256:
5212:
5032:
5022:
4737:
4683:
4341:
4156:
3485:
3403:
3184:
3002:
2851:"The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia"
2705:
During the Soviet era, the Chuvash were subjected to Russification campaigns.
1621:
1469:
1196:
817:
801:
468:
450:
363:
202:
184:
148:
73:
3192:
3150:
3011:
2971:
2930:
2876:
2790:
2285:
1852:
1792:
1139:
traditions in their cultural activities. Parallel pray in the shrines called
6172:
6002:
5977:
5856:
5710:
5573:
5538:
5245:
5130:
5084:
4936:
4832:
4824:
4698:
4693:
4593:
4565:
4371:
4361:
4308:
4275:
4161:
3947:
3909:
3890:
3870:
3845:
3751:
3285:
3168:
2742:
In the wake of the changes in 1989, a new Chuvash revival movement started .
2328:
1201:
1136:
995:
949:
929:
813:
567:
The Oghuric branch is distinguished from the rest of the Turkic family (the
502:
407:
355:
344:
126:
3169:"Islam among the Chuvashes and its Role in the Change of Chuvash Ethnicity"
3029:
2938:
2894:
2808:
1592:
749:
with whom they were persistently and mistakenly identified for centuries.
4503:
3141:
3124:
2184:
1969:
1740:
386:
more than a millennium ago. Among the Chuvash believers, the majority are
5997:
5806:
5612:
5492:
5485:
5333:
5240:
5192:
5174:
5145:
5047:
5017:
4859:
4853:
4797:
4653:
4623:
4613:
4586:
4572:
4558:
4481:
4326:
4270:
4256:
4241:
4216:
4206:
4176:
3865:
3852:
3838:
3419:
3043:
2960:
http://xn--c1acc6aafa1c.xn--p1ai/?question=chuvashi-kto-oni-na-samom-dele
2308:
1979:
1332:
1149:
is a contemporary revival of the ethnic religion of the Chuvash people.
1060:
953:
847:
Shortly after that, another state founded by Sabirs in Caucasus known as
742:
436:
426:
319:
2007:. Collected studies series. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate. p. 336.
1860:
1800:
1772:
709:, 'steppe') (this is a sub-group that is recognized by some researchers)
17:
6152:
6131:
6051:
5992:
5948:
5474:
5442:
5436:
5341:
5323:
5318:
5150:
5042:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4911:
4803:
4716:
4688:
4618:
4608:
4600:
4416:
4366:
4316:
4290:
4285:
4246:
4236:
4191:
4186:
4171:
4088:
4034:
3997:
3992:
3885:
3875:
3860:
3709:
3478:
3432:
3343:
2837:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 350.
1704:"A Volga Bulgarian Classifier: A Historical and Areal Linguistic Study"
1048:
941:
837:
829:
808:
in the 2nd to 3rd centuries AD. There they established several states (
793:
757:
442:
348:
340:
323:
256:
238:
166:
2293:
2261:
1010:
on April 21, 1925. Around this time Chuvash nationalism grew, but the
6106:
6007:
5982:
5642:
5637:
5479:
5464:
5168:
5037:
5027:
4987:
4958:
4921:
4897:
4889:
4810:
4726:
4703:
4660:
4391:
4381:
4331:
4280:
4231:
4221:
4201:
4181:
4166:
4080:
4016:
4002:
3934:
3919:
3914:
3895:
3723:
3637:
1611:
1582:
1548:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
1492:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
1412:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
1372:
1064:
1011:
821:
797:
773:
687:
659:
644:
632:
112:
2476:
1864:
1818:
855:
of Khazaria. About half a century later, the Suars took part in the
2544:
2527:
2510:
2493:
2277:
768:, but quickly began serving as soldiers and mercenaries during the
595:
in 1856, allowed researchers to establish its proper affiliation.
5924:
5778:
5738:
5666:
5658:
5351:
5264:
5250:
5182:
5140:
5053:
4629:
4489:
4386:
4346:
4251:
4211:
3929:
3924:
3756:
3471:
1110:
1078:
1026:
999:
975:
945:
937:
894:
886:
783:
542:
459:
3218:
2149:"Chuvash language | Alphabet, People, & Meaning | Britannica"
6162:
4485:
4477:
2826:
414:, but there are two theories. One theory suggests that the word
4507:
3222:
1043:
people. An autosomal analysis (2015) detected an indication of
516:
while others support the idea that Chuvash is another distinct
905:
of the Chuvash. During this period, most Chuvash converted to
2211:
Matti Miestamo; Anne Tamm; Beáta Wagner-Nagy (24 June 2015).
2050:
Chuvash Manual. Introduction, Grammar, Reader, and Vocabulary
1291:
1279:
1248:
1242:
1239:
2030:
591:. The first scientific fieldwork description of Chuvash, by
2972:
Anthropological material about the origin of Chuvash people
2529:
Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
2512:
Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
2495:
Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
2031:
Introduction to Altaic philology: Turkic, Mongolian, Manchu
1947:. Turcologica. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz. pp. 88 89.
874:
kept control of the region until its slow dissolution from
505:
and adjacent areas. It is the only surviving member of the
1294:
1282:
1251:
897:
due to growing poverty. The subsequent centuries saw the
3123:
Iagafova, Ekaterina; Bondareva, Valeriia (1 June 2020).
796:
whom may related to Chuvash started moving west through
2104:. Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica. p. 80.
2723:. New York: Routledge (published 2013). p. 313.
2686:. New York: Routledge (published 2013). p. 313.
1349:
1322:
1303:
1260:
1140:
2478:
An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples
2432:
Chuvash origins: Evidence from mtDNA Markers. (2010)
1288:
1245:
654:
The subdivision of the Chuvash people are as below:
434:
Another theory is that the word is derived from the
6145:
6070:
5556:
5529:
5332:
5231:
5159:
5121:
4978:
4967:
4541:
4430:
4404:
4149:
4107:
4053:
4025:
3823:
3765:
3732:
3651:
3628:
3458:
3412:
3367:
3336:
3265:
3256:
1819:"Proto-Bulgarian/Danube Bulgar/Hunno-Bulgar Bekven"
1285:
1236:
745:and other Turkic peoples but also from neighboring
309:
281:
265:
247:
229:
211:
193:
175:
157:
139:
103:
98:
83:
54:
2217:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 646.
2102:Finno-Ugrian Language Studies in Finland 1828-1918
1974:. Central European University Press. p. 208.
2417:"UNESCO red book on endangered languages: Europe"
2043:
2041:
2039:
2454:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 200–201.
924:and wrote in 1768 that Bulgars also migrated to
27:Turkic people of Eastern Europe and Central Asia
2348:The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages
934:
1971:Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages
1187:Chuvash State Academic Song and Dance Ensemble
913:never achieved their complete Russification.
737:. The other is that they have descendant from
78:Old Chuvash men, the beginning of 20th century
4519:
3234:
1337:
704:
692:
678:
664:
62:
56:
8:
1008:Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
832:, subsequently undertook a migration to the
605:language, or an intermediate branch between
49:
2173:Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Á, eds. (2021).
1729:Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Á, eds. (2021).
1614:UK English Dictionary US English Dictionary
4975:
4526:
4512:
4504:
3262:
3241:
3227:
3219:
2600:. New York: Routledge. pp. 312, 313.
2564:. New York: Routledge. pp. 312, 313.
2262:"On Chuvash-Mongolian Linguistic Contacts"
2062:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1651:Studies in Turkic and Mongolic linguistics
1636:Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics
1396:Ethnic groups of Russia in the 2021 census
382:that diverged from other languages in the
72:
48:
3140:
3019:
3001:
2884:
2866:
2798:
2780:
2451:The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia
625:heavily influenced the Chuvash language.
3074:Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia
2266:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1895:. Oxford University Press. p. 448.
1837:"The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan"
1773:"The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan"
425:('friendly', 'peaceful'), as opposed to
343:, native to an area stretching from the
2911:International Journal of Immunogenetics
1678:Encyclopedia of the languages of Europe
1388:
1218:
3129:Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics
2720:Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities
2683:Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities
2598:Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities
2562:Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities
2310:Encyclopedia of the world's minorities
2055:
1925:
1915:
965:"Russian History". Part I. Chapter 22.
3066:
3064:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2415:Tapani Salminen (22 September 1999).
2344:"Chuvash and the Bulgharic languages"
2127:"Chuvash and the Bulgharic languages"
1358:
1331:
1071:hypothesis among Chuvash population.
893:in the timber industry or to work in
788:Chuvash girls in traditional costumes
7:
2962:Chuvash people — who are they really
2653:Tatishchev, Vasily Nikitich (1768).
2342:Savelyev, Alexander (30 June 2020).
1785:Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute
928:and North of Kazan (i.e. modern-day
916:After conversion, Russian Historian
99:Regions with significant populations
1892:Chuvash and the Bulgharic Languages
1889:Savelyev, Alexander (27 May 2020).
792:In the early first century AD, the
547:Chuvash woman in traditional attire
3173:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
2356:10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0028
2307:Carl Skutsch; Martin Ryle (2005).
551:Italian historian and philologist
25:
2125:Savelyev, Alexander (June 2020).
1968:RÓNA-TAS, ANDRÁS (1 March 1999).
406:There is no universally accepted
4484:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
2923:10.1111/j.1744-313X.2012.01117.x
1275:
1232:
920:personally visited the lands of
249:
231:
213:
195:
177:
159:
141:
119:
105:
1783:(4). Cambridge, Massachusetts:
1554:. 21 March 2013. Archived from
1498:. 21 March 2013. Archived from
1418:. 21 March 2013. Archived from
756:who believed to have come from
587:corresponding to Common Turkic
579:corresponding to Common Turkic
4674:Indigenous peoples of Dagestan
2005:Studies in medieval inner Asia
1067:peoples. This study supported
956:and settled in other counties.
944:, filled the entire county of
800:and the steppes of modern-day
339:ethnic group, a branch of the
57:
1:
3167:Arik, Durmuş (1 April 2007).
2632:. Routledge. pp. 70–77.
1115:Baptized Chuvash people, 1870
875:
89:
3214:Photos of the Chuvash people
3099:"Chuvash | Encyclopedia.com"
2868:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068
2782:10.1371/journal.pone.0135820
2214:Negation in Uralic Languages
828:who were a tribe within the
540:Hunnish as unclassifiable.
6234:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan
6219:Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan
2717:Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005).
2680:Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005).
2596:Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005).
2560:Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005).
2448:Sinor, Denis (March 1990).
2078:Encyclopedia of Linguistics
1350:
1323:
1141:
1121:Eastern Orthodox Christians
940:, the Chuvash, the ancient
390:although a minority follow
388:Eastern Orthodox Christians
63:
6260:
918:Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev
717:
486:
38:
31:
4466:
3585:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
3185:10.1080/13602000701308814
3003:10.1186/s12863-017-0578-3
2048:Krueger, John R. (1961).
1943:Golden, Peter B. (1992).
1841:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
1835:PRITSAK, OMELJAN (1982).
1777:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
1675:Price, Glanville (2000).
1638:. Routledge, 2002, p. 23.
1338:
1315:
1172:Chuvash National Congress
1004:Chuvash Autonomous Region
840:, ultimately founded the
705:
693:
679:
665:
617:language and neighboring
475:long after this dynasty.
445:clan and founders of the
314:
286:
270:
88:
71:
6229:Ethnic groups in Ukraine
4453:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
4121:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
3077:. ABC-CLIO. p. 74.
3044:"Неведомый, чудный узор"
2260:Poppe, Nicholas (1977).
2179:. Routledge. p. 7.
2100:Korhonen, Mikko (1986).
1817:Ramer, Alexis Manaster.
1654:. Taylor & Francis.
1648:Clauson, Gerard (2002).
1182:Chuvash national symbols
1119:Most Chuvash people are
836:region along with other
39:Not to be confused with
34:Chuvash (disambiguation)
6224:Ethnic groups in Russia
4535:Ethnic groups in Russia
3610:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
3266:Azerbaijani communities
2834:Encyclopædia Britannica
2626:Akiner, Shirin (1986).
2313:. New York: Routledge.
1618:Oxford University Press
1589:Oxford University Press
1177:Chuvash National Museum
1125:Russian Orthodox Church
851:was forced to become a
770:Byzantine-Sasanian Wars
569:Common Turkic languages
347:(Volga-Ural) region to
4443:Crimean Tatar diaspora
3620:Western Thracian Turks
3555:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
3071:Cole, Jeffrey (2011).
2052:. Hague. pp. 7–8.
1708:University of Debrecen
1333:[tɕə̆ˈʋaʂsʲem]
1116:
1084:
1032:
994:On June 24, 1920, the
984:
982:Volga Federal District
969:
789:
548:
531:Some scholars suggest
4150:Extinct Turkic groups
4108:Turkic minorities in
4055:Turkic minorities in
4026:Turkic minorities in
3824:Turkic minorities in
3302:Georgian Azerbaijanis
3142:10.2478/jef-2020-0007
2185:10.4324/9781003243809
2003:Sinor, Denis (1997).
1741:10.4324/9781003243809
1702:Agyagási, K. (2020).
1585:UK English Dictionary
1446:2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua
1127:while a minority are
1114:
1082:
1030:
979:
907:Orthodox Christianity
787:
776:-Byzantine alliance.
546:
535:had strong ties with
514:Volga Bulgar language
354:Most of them live in
310:Related ethnic groups
292:Orthodox Christianity
6071:Unrecognized peoples
5557:Other ethnic peoples
4867:Amur-Ussuri Cossacks
4468:Central Asian (i.e.
4438:Azerbaijani diaspora
3775:Iranian Azerbaijanis
3413:Turkmen communities
3309:Western Azerbaijanis
3279:Iranian Azerbaijanis
3103:www.encyclopedia.com
2984:(28 December 2017).
2350:. pp. 446–464.
2176:The Turkic Languages
2028:Rachewiltz, Igor de.
1980:10.7829/j.ctv280b77f
1732:The Turkic Languages
1131:or practitioners of
980:Chuvash diaspora in
766:late-400s/early-500s
720:History of Chuvashia
447:Northern Wei dynasty
418:may be derived from
32:For other uses, see
6146:Assimilated peoples
4762:Meadow-Eastern Mari
3459:Turkish communities
3325:Javanshir Qizilbash
2773:2015PLoSO..1035820K
2659:(in Russian). АСТ.
1681:. Wiley-Blackwell.
501:, primarily in the
467:) was used by some
51:
6193:Siberian Bukharans
5352:Aukhovite Chechens
5304:Siberian Bukharans
4630:Aukhovite Chechens
3983:Siberian Bukharans
3785:Chaharmahali Turks
3766:Turkic minorities
3733:Turkic minorities
3652:Turkic minorities
3368:Kyrgyz communities
3337:Kazakh communities
1558:on 25 January 2016
1528:on 7 February 2009
1360:[tɕʊˈvaʂɨ]
1123:and belong to the
1117:
1091:and have some pre-
1085:
1033:
998:government of the
985:
790:
553:Igor de Rachewiltz
549:
441:an early medieval
360:Russian Federation
93: 1.1 million
6244:Turkic Christians
6201:
6200:
5830:
5828:Astrakhan Kazakhs
5552:
5551:
5311:Zabolotnie Tatars
4790:Northwestern Mari
4501:
4500:
4400:
4399:
4311:
4304:
4265:
4141:Tatars of Romania
4114:
4083:
4040:Mongolian Kazakhs
4011:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3718:
3684:
3595:Palestinian Turks
3590:Montenegrin Turks
3514:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3444:
3435:
3428:
3388:
3359:Mongolian Kazakhs
3327:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3084:978-1-59884-302-6
3048:pattern.rusneb.ru
2828:"Chuvashes"
2639:978-1-136-14274-1
2543:Golden, Peter B.
2526:Golden, Peter B.
2509:Golden, Peter B.
2492:Golden, Peter B.
2475:Golden, Peter B.
2461:978-0-521-24304-9
2365:978-0-19-880462-8
2224:978-90-272-6864-8
2129:. p. 446-464
2014:978-0-86078-632-0
1989:978-963-386-572-9
1954:978-3-447-03274-2
1902:978-0-19-880462-8
1348:
1321:
1192:Chuvash Knowledge
1167:List of Chuvashes
963:V. N. Tatishchev.
849:Suar Principality
329:
328:
16:(Redirected from
6251:
6117:Crimean Italians
6086:
6016:
5972:
5938:
5905:Meskhetian Turks
5889:
5870:
5851:
5849:Sakhalin Koreans
5844:
5826:
5781:
5767:
5760:
5741:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5713:
5689:
5682:
5675:
5661:
5633:Crimean Karaites
5592:
5495:
5488:
5459:
5458:
5445:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5278:
5259:
5177:
5087:
5063:
5056:
4976:
4953:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4930:Astrakhan Tatars
4925:
4906:
4892:
4883:
4876:
4869:
4862:
4848:
4841:
4827:
4813:
4806:
4792:
4785:
4784:
4771:
4770:
4740:
4719:
4712:
4663:
4656:
4632:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4505:
4448:Turkish diaspora
4307:
4300:
4261:
4112:
4094:Karategin Uzbeks
4079:
4007:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3941:Astrakhan Tatars
3939:
3904:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3810:Iranian Turkmens
3742:Crimean Karaites
3714:
3680:
3580:Macedonian Turks
3545:Dodecanese Turks
3510:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3442:Iranian Turkmens
3440:
3431:
3424:
3384:
3323:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3263:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3220:
3201:
3200:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3144:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3023:
3005:
2980:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2888:
2870:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2830:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2802:
2784:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2623:
2612:
2611:
2593:
2576:
2575:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2389:. Archived from
2384:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2053:
2045:
2034:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1867:on 23 April 2023
1863:. Archived from
1832:
1826:
1825:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1769:Pritsak, Omeljan
1765:
1759:
1758:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1645:
1639:
1634:Gerard Clauson,
1632:
1626:
1625:
1624:on 12 June 2020.
1620:. Archived from
1603:
1597:
1596:
1595:on 12 June 2020.
1591:. Archived from
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1524:. Archived from
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1502:on 14 March 2012
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1393:
1376:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1320:romanized:
1319:
1317:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1274:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1231:
1223:
1207:Chuvash numerals
1144:
1089:Chuvash language
1006:; it became the
1002:established the
989:Chuvash language
967:
899:Christianization
877:
857:Arab–Khazar wars
767:
708:
707:
696:
695:
682:
681:
668:
667:
503:Chuvash Republic
489:Chuvash language
255:
253:
252:
237:
235:
234:
219:
217:
216:
201:
199:
198:
183:
181:
180:
165:
163:
162:
147:
145:
144:
130:
125:
123:
122:
111:
109:
108:
94:
91:
84:Total population
76:
66:
60:
59:
52:
21:
6259:
6258:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6141:
6112:Caucasus Greeks
6084:Afro-Abkhazians
6082:
6066:
6012:
5968:
5936:Kola Norwegians
5934:
5885:
5866:
5847:
5840:
5777:
5763:
5756:
5737:
5730:
5723:
5716:
5709:
5685:
5678:
5671:
5657:
5588:
5548:
5525:
5491:
5484:
5452:
5448:
5441:
5328:
5309:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5281:
5274:
5270:Siberian Tatars
5255:
5227:
5173:
5155:
5117:
5083:
5059:
5052:
4970:
4963:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4919:
4902:
4888:
4879:
4874:Baikal Cossacks
4872:
4865:
4858:
4844:
4837:
4823:
4809:
4802:
4788:
4778:
4774:
4764:
4760:
4736:
4715:
4708:
4659:
4652:
4628:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4544:
4537:
4532:
4502:
4497:
4462:
4458:Kazakh diaspora
4426:
4396:
4145:
4111:
4109:
4103:
4065:Afghan Turkmens
4056:
4049:
4027:
4021:
3976:Siberian Tatars
3900:
3825:
3819:
3815:Iranian Kazakhs
3795:Khorasani Turks
3767:
3761:
3734:
3728:
3671:Chinese Kazakhs
3653:
3647:
3630:
3629:Turkic peoples
3624:
3525:Bulgarian Turks
3501:Abkhazian Turks
3454:
3426:Afghan Turkmens
3408:
3363:
3354:Iranian Kazakhs
3349:Chinese Kazakhs
3332:
3252:
3247:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3070:
3069:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3042:
3041:
3037:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2970:
2966:
2958:
2954:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2861:(4): e1005068.
2847:
2846:
2842:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2767:(9): e0135820.
2753:
2752:
2748:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2656:Russian History
2652:
2651:
2647:
2640:
2625:
2624:
2615:
2608:
2595:
2594:
2579:
2572:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2397:
2396:on 21 July 2011
2393:
2387:mt-archive.info
2382:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2321:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2054:
2047:
2046:
2037:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1924:
1914:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1870:
1868:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1751:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1633:
1629:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1355:
1336:; Russian:
1328:
1305:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1163:
1109:
1087:They speak the
1077:
1059:component with
1025:
974:
968:
960:
891:bonded laborers
804:, reaching the
782:
765:
733:tribes and the
727:
722:
716:
593:August Ahlqvist
499:European Russia
495:Turkic language
491:
485:
404:
380:Turkic language
368:Ferghana Valley
302:
298:
294:
290:
274:
250:
248:
232:
230:
214:
212:
196:
194:
178:
176:
160:
158:
142:
140:
134:
120:
118:
116:
115:
106:
104:
92:
79:
67:
61:
47:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6257:
6255:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6239:Turkic peoples
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6214:Chuvash people
6206:
6205:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6149:
6147:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6102:Astrakhan Jews
6099:
6094:
6089:
6088:
6087:
6074:
6072:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6018:
6017:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5974:
5973:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5878:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5859:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5845:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5783:
5782:
5770:
5769:
5768:
5761:
5749:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5735:
5728:
5721:
5714:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5687:Siberian Finns
5683:
5680:Murmansk Finns
5676:
5664:
5663:
5662:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5560:
5558:
5554:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5544:Tver Karelians
5541:
5535:
5533:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5497:
5496:
5489:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5446:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5338:
5336:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5279:
5267:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5248:
5243:
5237:
5235:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5165:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5127:
5125:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5057:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4982:
4973:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4933:
4914:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4881:Kuban Cossacks
4877:
4870:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4842:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4807:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4786:
4772:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4729:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4669:Crimean Tatars
4666:
4665:
4664:
4657:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4549:
4547:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4508:
4499:
4498:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4377:Yenisei Kyrgyz
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4305:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4126:Finnish Tatars
4123:
4117:
4115:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4072:
4067:
4061:
4059:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4031:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3829:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3747:Crimean Tatars
3744:
3738:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3690:Chinese Uzbeks
3687:
3686:
3685:
3676:Chinese Kyrgyz
3673:
3668:
3666:Chinese Tatars
3663:
3657:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3615:Tunisian Turks
3612:
3607:
3602:
3600:Romanian Turks
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3570:Lebanese Turks
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3550:Egyptian Turks
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3530:Croatian Turks
3527:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3506:Algerian Turks
3503:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3380:Chinese Kyrgyz
3377:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3305:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3289:
3269:
3267:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3250:Turkic peoples
3248:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3209:
3208:External links
3206:
3203:
3202:
3159:
3135:(1): 111–120.
3115:
3090:
3083:
3060:
3035:
2975:
2964:
2952:
2917:(5): 394–408.
2900:
2840:
2825:, ed. (1911).
2823:Chisholm, Hugh
2814:
2746:
2729:
2709:
2692:
2672:
2665:
2645:
2638:
2613:
2606:
2577:
2570:
2552:
2546:Khazar Studies
2535:
2518:
2515:. p. 112.
2501:
2498:. p. 146.
2484:
2481:. p. 104.
2467:
2460:
2440:
2422:
2407:
2371:
2364:
2334:
2319:
2299:
2278:10.2307/598999
2272:(2): 111–114.
2252:
2230:
2223:
2203:
2193:
2165:
2140:
2117:
2110:
2092:
2083:
2069:
2035:
2020:
2013:
1995:
1988:
1960:
1953:
1935:
1926:|website=
1901:
1881:
1847:(4): 428–476.
1827:
1809:
1760:
1749:
1721:
1694:
1687:
1667:
1660:
1640:
1627:
1598:
1569:
1539:
1513:
1483:
1461:
1451:
1433:
1422:on 4 June 2011
1403:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1364:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1108:
1105:
1076:
1073:
1069:language shift
1024:
1021:
973:
972:Modern history
970:
958:
922:Volga Bulgaria
868:Volga Bulgaria
842:Volga Bulgaria
838:Oghuric tribes
830:Khazar Khanate
816:coast and the
806:North Caucasus
781:
778:
739:Volga Bulgars.
726:
723:
718:Main article:
715:
712:
711:
710:
698:
684:
683:, 'mid-lower')
670:
487:Main article:
484:
481:
477:Gerard Clauson
473:refer to China
449:in China. The
403:
400:
333:Chuvash people
327:
326:
312:
311:
307:
306:
284:
283:
279:
278:
268:
267:
263:
262:
259:
245:
244:
241:
227:
226:
223:
209:
208:
205:
191:
190:
187:
173:
172:
169:
155:
154:
151:
137:
136:
131:
101:
100:
96:
95:
86:
85:
81:
80:
77:
69:
68:
55:
45:
41:Chumash people
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6256:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6144:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6127:Pontic Greeks
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6085:
6081:
6080:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6069:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6015:
6011:
6010:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5971:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5937:
5933:
5932:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5920:Mountain Jews
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5888:
5884:
5883:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5869:
5865:
5864:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5850:
5846:
5843:
5842:North Koreans
5839:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5829:
5825:
5824:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5780:
5776:
5775:
5774:
5771:
5766:
5765:Volga Germans
5762:
5759:
5755:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5747:Georgian Jews
5745:
5740:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5726:
5722:
5719:
5715:
5712:
5708:
5707:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5688:
5684:
5681:
5677:
5674:
5673:Ingrian Finns
5670:
5669:
5668:
5665:
5660:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5628:Bukharan Jews
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5591:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5555:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5528:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5494:
5490:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5456:
5451:
5447:
5444:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5297:Kalmak Tatars
5294:
5291:
5290:Eushta Tatars
5287:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5276:Baraba Tatars
5273:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5176:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5086:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4966:
4960:
4957:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4944:Mishar Tatars
4941:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4896:
4891:
4887:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4852:
4847:
4843:
4840:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4812:
4808:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4796:
4791:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4776:Mountain Mari
4773:
4768:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4739:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4718:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4591:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4579:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4563:
4560:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4545:nationalities
4540:
4536:
4529:
4524:
4522:
4517:
4515:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4496:territories).
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4465:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4197:Black Klobuks
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4113:(exc. Russia)
4106:
4100:
4099:Afghan Kyrgyz
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3955:Mishar Tatars
3952:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3764:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:in Uzbekistan
3627:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3605:Serbian Turks
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3565:Kosovan Turks
3563:
3561:
3560:Israeli Turks
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3540:Cypriot Turks
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3520:Bosnian Turks
3518:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:Afghan Kyrgyz
3392:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3116:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2904:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2844:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2732:
2730:9781135193881
2726:
2722:
2721:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2695:
2693:9781135193881
2689:
2685:
2684:
2676:
2673:
2668:
2666:9785170182688
2662:
2658:
2657:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2607:1-57958-468-3
2603:
2599:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2571:1-57958-468-3
2567:
2563:
2556:
2553:
2549:. p. 35.
2548:
2547:
2539:
2536:
2532:. p. 91.
2531:
2530:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2505:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2423:
2418:
2411:
2408:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2320:1-57958-392-X
2316:
2312:
2311:
2303:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2194:9781003243809
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2113:
2111:951-653-135-0
2107:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2080:. p. 39.
2079:
2073:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2051:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1919:
1904:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1750:9781003243809
1746:
1742:
1738:
1735:. Routledge.
1734:
1733:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1695:
1690:
1688:0-631-22039-9
1684:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1661:0-415-29772-9
1657:
1653:
1652:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1397:
1392:
1389:
1382:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1352:
1346:
1334:
1325:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1299:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1256:
1229:
1222:
1219:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1147:Vattisen Yaly
1143:
1138:
1134:
1133:Vattisen Yaly
1130:
1129:Sunni Muslims
1126:
1122:
1113:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1081:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1047:and possibly
1046:
1042:
1038:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
983:
978:
971:
966:
964:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
933:
931:
927:
926:Bashkortostan
923:
919:
914:
912:
908:
904:
903:Russification
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
881:
880:Kazan Khanate
873:
870:in 1236, the
869:
865:
860:
858:
854:
850:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
786:
780:Early history
779:
777:
775:
771:
763:
762:Transcaucasia
759:
755:
750:
748:
747:Uralic tribes
744:
740:
736:
735:Finno-Ugrians
732:
724:
721:
713:
702:
699:
690:
689:
685:
676:
675:
671:
662:
661:
657:
656:
655:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
601:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:sound changes
570:
565:
563:
557:
554:
545:
541:
538:
534:
529:
527:
524:and possibly
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:Chuvash is a
490:
482:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
461:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
438:
432:
431:('warlike').
430:
429:
424:
421:
420:Common Turkic
417:
413:
409:
401:
399:
397:
396:Vattisen Yaly
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
374:. They speak
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
305:
301:
300:Vattisen Yaly
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
277:
273:
269:
264:
260:
258:
246:
242:
240:
228:
224:
222:
210:
206:
204:
192:
188:
186:
174:
170:
168:
156:
152:
150:
138:
132:
128:
114:
102:
97:
87:
82:
75:
70:
65:
53:
42:
35:
30:
19:
5915:Montenegrins
5603:Azerbaijanis
5432:Azerbaijanis
4917:Volga Tatars
4904:Tozhu Tuvans
4746:Komi-Permyak
4642:
4136:Lipka Tatars
4009:Tozhu Tuvans
3969:Volga Tatars
3880:
3682:Akto Turkmen
3575:Libyan Turks
3535:Cretan Turks
3450:Akto Turkmen
3399:Tajik Kyrgyz
3386:Akto Turkmen
3273:Azerbaijanis
3196:
3179:(1): 37–54.
3176:
3172:
3162:
3154:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3102:
3093:
3073:
3051:. Retrieved
3047:
3038:
2993:
2990:BMC Genetics
2989:
2978:
2967:
2955:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2858:
2854:
2843:
2832:
2817:
2764:
2760:
2749:
2741:
2734:. Retrieved
2719:
2712:
2704:
2697:. Retrieved
2682:
2675:
2655:
2648:
2628:
2597:
2561:
2555:
2545:
2538:
2528:
2521:
2511:
2504:
2494:
2487:
2477:
2470:
2450:
2443:
2435:
2431:
2425:
2410:
2398:. Retrieved
2391:the original
2386:
2374:
2347:
2337:
2309:
2302:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2246:
2243:Encyclopedia
2242:
2233:
2213:
2206:
2198:
2175:
2168:
2159:
2152:. Retrieved
2143:
2131:. Retrieved
2120:
2101:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2072:
2049:
2027:
2023:
2004:
1998:
1970:
1963:
1944:
1938:
1906:. Retrieved
1891:
1884:
1876:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:the original
1844:
1840:
1830:
1822:
1812:
1804:
1780:
1776:
1763:
1754:
1731:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1677:
1670:
1650:
1643:
1635:
1630:
1622:the original
1610:
1601:
1593:the original
1581:
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1556:the original
1552:Demoscope.ru
1551:
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1526:the original
1516:
1504:. Retrieved
1500:the original
1496:Demoscope.ru
1495:
1486:
1476:26 September
1474:. Retrieved
1472:. Ethnologue
1464:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1424:. Retrieved
1420:the original
1416:Demoscope.ru
1415:
1406:
1400:(in Russian)
1391:
1367:
1221:
1151:
1118:
1086:
1053:
1034:
1017:
993:
986:
961:
935:
915:
884:
872:Golden Horde
861:
853:vassal state
846:
810:Old Bulgaria
791:
751:
728:
700:
686:
672:
666:вирьял, тури
658:
653:
627:
597:
588:
584:
580:
576:
566:
562:Proto-Turkic
558:
550:
530:
518:Oghur Turkic
511:
492:
458:
454:
435:
433:
427:
422:
415:
411:
410:of the word
405:
372:Central Asia
353:
332:
330:
316:Volga Tatars
295:
287:
221:Turkmenistan
46:Ethnic group
29:
6097:Armeno-Tats
6014:Ural Swedes
5900:Macedonians
5895:Lithuanians
5732:Mingrelians
5608:Belarusians
5590:Cherkesogai
5453: [
5283:Chat Tatars
4779: [
4765: [
4357:Toquz Oghuz
4296:Oghuz Turks
4263:Sir-Kıvchak
4057:Afghanistan
3800:Qarai Turks
3716:Tor Uyghurs
3695:Fuyu Kyrgyz
3643:Karakalpaks
3512:Kouloughlis
3316:Karapapakhs
1037:Finno-Ugric
938:Volga River
824:invasions.
674:Anat jenchi
623:Volga Tatar
613:languages.
603:Finno-Ugric
471:peoples to
469:Inner Asian
392:Sunni Islam
362:as well as
304:Sunni Islam
6208:Categories
6057:Vietnamese
6042:Ukrainians
5970:Ruska Roma
5944:Pakistanis
5930:Norwegians
5887:Latgalians
5797:Hungarians
5758:Mennonites
5623:Bulgarians
5506:Tabasarans
5023:Kamchadals
4969:Indigenous
4738:Izhma Komi
4684:Kabardians
3404:Van Kyrgyz
3286:Shahsevans
3053:14 October
2996:(1): 110.
2855:PLOS Genet
1562:9 February
1532:21 October
1506:9 February
1426:9 February
1383:References
1197:ChuvashTet
909:, but the
878:1438. The
866:destroyed
862:After the
834:Volga-Kama
818:Suar Duchy
802:Kazakhstan
697:, 'lower')
669:, 'upper')
641:endangered
497:spoken in
451:Old Turkic
364:Kazakhstan
203:Tajikistan
185:Uzbekistan
149:Kazakhstan
6188:Pumpokols
6183:Meshchera
6003:Spaniards
5978:Romanians
5910:Moldovans
5857:Krymchaks
5792:Hamshenis
5711:Adjarians
5705:Georgians
5653:Estonians
5598:Assyrians
5584:Armenians
5574:Americans
5539:Besermyan
5450:Kubachins
5392:Chamalals
5377:Bagvalals
5246:Kumandins
5175:Hamnigans
5131:Izhorians
5123:Northwest
5093:Nganasans
5085:Khandeyar
4980:Far North
4951:Nağaybäks
4937:Kryashens
4833:Ossetians
4825:Khandeyar
4699:Karelians
4694:Karachays
4594:Telengits
4566:Natukhajs
4431:Diasporas
4372:Xueyantuo
4362:Uriankhai
4309:Pechenegs
4302:Turkomans
4276:Kutrigurs
3948:Kryashens
3910:Kumandins
3891:Karachays
3871:Besermyan
3846:Telengits
3752:Krymchaks
3735:in Crimea
3700:Ili Turks
3293:Küresünni
3193:1360-2004
3151:2228-0987
3012:1471-2156
2931:1744-313X
2877:1553-7404
2791:1932-6203
2736:13 August
2699:13 August
2286:0003-0279
2239:"Chuvash"
2161:languages
2058:cite book
1928:ignored (
1918:cite book
1853:0363-5570
1793:0363-5570
1607:"Chuvash"
1578:"Chuvash"
1470:"Chuvash"
1345:romanized
1202:Bulgarism
1137:shamanism
1093:Christian
996:Bolshevik
936:Down the
930:Chuvashia
814:Black Sea
680:анат енчи
647:,, since
629:Mongolian
600:Turkified
571:) by two
408:etymology
402:Etymology
356:Chuvashia
345:Idel-Ural
296:Minority:
288:Majority:
266:Languages
133:1,067,139
127:Chuvashia
6137:Sireniki
6078:Africans
6027:Turkmens
5998:Slovenes
5954:Persians
5881:Latvians
5812:Japanese
5807:Italians
5613:Bosniaks
5521:Tsakhurs
5493:Karagash
5486:Ak Nogai
5417:Khwarshi
5397:Godoberi
5387:Botlikhs
5362:Akhvakhs
5334:Dagestan
5324:Tofalars
5241:Kamasins
5193:Negidals
5161:Far East
5146:Vepsians
5108:Yukaghir
5048:Alyutors
5018:Itelmens
4993:Chukchis
4860:Cossacks
4854:Russians
4798:Mordvins
4654:Besleney
4648:Cherkess
4624:Chechens
4614:Bashkirs
4601:Tubalars
4587:Chelkans
4581:Altaians
4573:Shapsugs
4559:Bzhedugs
4482:Turkmens
4470:Turkmeni
4327:Saragurs
4271:Kurykans
4257:Kipchaks
4242:Keraites
4227:Göktürks
4217:Dughlats
4207:Dingling
4177:Berendei
4028:Mongolia
3998:Tofalars
3962:Nağaybäk
3866:Bashkirs
3853:Tubalars
3839:Chelkans
3833:Altaians
3654:in China
3486:Tahtacıs
3479:Muhacirs
3420:Turkmens
3108:21 April
3030:29297395
2947:20804610
2939:22520580
2895:25898006
2809:26332464
2761:PLOS ONE
2400:21 March
2329:56420105
2248:Russian.
2154:25 April
2133:25 April
1908:30 March
1871:23 April
1861:41036005
1801:41036005
1771:(1982).
1324:çăvaşsem
1316:чӑвашсем
1161:See also
1107:Religion
1023:Genetics
959:—
954:Bashkirs
950:Simbirsk
611:Mongolic
483:Language
465:Mandarin
455:Tabghach
437:Tabghach
370:area in
366:and the
320:Bashkirs
282:Religion
64:çăvaşsem
58:чӑвашсем
18:Chuvashs
6153:Agrzhan
6132:Qaratay
6122:Korlaks
6062:Yazidis
6052:Uyghurs
5993:Slovaks
5949:Pamiris
5868:Kurmanj
5836:Koreans
5822:Kazakhs
5802:Indians
5752:Germans
5718:Ingiloy
5648:Dungans
5618:Britons
5569:Afghans
5475:Lezgins
5443:Kaitags
5437:Dargins
5412:Karatas
5407:Hunzibs
5402:Hinukhs
5382:Bezhtas
5342:Abazins
5319:Teleuts
5233:Siberia
5151:Votians
5098:Selkups
5043:Koryaks
5008:Dolgans
5003:Chuvans
4998:Chulyms
4971:peoples
4912:Udmurts
4804:Mokshas
4717:Abugach
4710:Koibals
4689:Kalmyks
4643:Chuvash
4638:Chukchi
4619:Buryats
4609:Balkars
4543:Titular
4494:Ottoman
4478:Iranian
4474:Afghani
4422:Mughals
4417:Hazaras
4367:Utigurs
4342:Türgesh
4317:Onogurs
4291:Nushibi
4286:Naimans
4247:Khazars
4237:Karluks
4192:Chigils
4187:Bulgars
4172:Barsils
4110:Europe
4089:Ansarlu
4035:Khotons
3993:Teleuts
3886:Dolgans
3881:Chuvash
3876:Chulyms
3861:Balkars
3805:Qashqai
3790:Khalajs
3768:in Iran
3710:Uyghurs
3433:Ansarlu
3344:Kazakhs
3258:Peoples
3198:Tatars.
3021:5751809
2886:4405460
2800:4558026
2769:Bibcode
2755:(ed.).
1787:: 470.
1312:Chuvash
1142:keremet
1097:Russian
1075:Culture
1061:Bashkir
942:Bulgars
864:Mongols
812:on the
798:Zhetysu
794:Bulgars
764:in the
758:Siberia
743:Russian
725:Origins
714:History
649:Russian
643:by the
637:Persian
615:Russian
533:Hunnish
443:Xianbei
416:Chuvash
412:Chuvash
376:Chuvash
349:Siberia
324:Udmurts
276:Russian
272:Chuvash
257:Moldova
239:Belarus
167:Ukraine
135:684,930
50:Chuvash
6173:Muroma
6107:Buzava
6047:Uzbeks
6022:Tajiks
6008:Swedes
5983:Rusyns
5876:Kyrgyz
5773:Greeks
5700:Gagauz
5695:French
5643:Czechs
5638:Cubans
5564:Abkhaz
5511:Talysh
5501:Rutuls
5480:Nogais
5465:Kumyks
5422:Tindis
5372:Archis
5347:Aghuls
5265:Soyots
5203:Orochs
5198:Nivkhs
5169:Evenks
5113:Yupiks
5079:Nenets
5074:Naukan
5061:Karaga
5038:Khanty
5028:Kereks
4988:Aleuts
4959:Yakuts
4922:Tatars
4898:Tuvans
4890:Pomors
4839:Digors
4819:Nenets
4811:Erzyas
4727:Khanty
4704:Khakas
4679:Ingush
4661:Ademey
4553:Adyghe
4490:Syrian
4412:Abdals
4405:Others
4392:Yabaku
4382:Yueban
4332:Shatuo
4322:Sabirs
4281:Merkit
4232:Kangly
4222:Esegel
4202:Cumans
4182:Bulaqs
4167:Basmyl
4131:Gagauz
4081:Timuri
4075:Aimaqs
4070:Afshar
4017:Yakuts
4003:Tuvans
3935:Tatars
3930:Soyots
3920:Nogais
3915:Kumyks
3902:Koibal
3896:Khakas
3826:Russia
3780:Afshar
3724:Yugurs
3638:Uzbeks
3493:Yörüks
3375:Kyrgyz
3191:
3149:
3081:
3028:
3018:
3010:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2893:
2883:
2875:
2807:
2797:
2789:
2727:
2690:
2663:
2636:
2604:
2568:
2458:
2362:
2327:
2317:
2294:598999
2292:
2284:
2221:
2191:
2108:
2011:
1986:
1951:
1899:
1859:
1851:
1799:
1791:
1747:
1685:
1658:
1612:Lexico
1583:Lexico
1373:Altaic
1351:čuvaši
1339:чуваши
1264:-vahsh
1155:Tatars
1057:Turkic
1049:Bulgar
1041:Turkic
1012:Soviet
895:barges
826:Sabirs
822:Khazar
774:Khazar
754:Sabirs
694:анатри
688:Anatri
660:Virjal
645:UNESCO
633:Arabic
607:Turkic
537:Bulgar
526:Khazar
522:Bulgar
428:şarmăs
384:family
337:Turkic
335:are a
254:
236:
218:
200:
189:10,074
182:
171:10,593
164:
153:22,305
146:
124:
113:Russia
110:
6178:Merya
6168:Kotts
6158:Asans
6092:Ainus
6032:Turks
5988:Serbs
5959:Poles
5925:Mugat
5862:Kurds
5779:Urums
5739:Svans
5667:Finns
5659:Setos
5579:Arabs
5531:Other
5457:]
5367:Andis
5357:Avars
5251:Shors
5223:Ulchs
5218:Udege
5208:Oroks
5188:Nanai
5183:Evens
5141:Setos
5103:Yughs
5069:Mansi
5054:Apuka
5013:Enets
4846:Irons
4783:]
4769:]
4751:Mansi
4486:Iraqi
4387:Yagma
4352:Torks
4347:Tuhsi
4337:Tiele
4252:Kimek
4212:Duolu
4045:Dukha
3925:Shors
3757:Urums
3705:Salar
3472:Gajal
3466:Turks
2943:S2CID
2394:(PDF)
2383:(PDF)
2290:JSTOR
1857:JSTOR
1797:JSTOR
1714:: 9.
1306:VAHSH
1304:chuu-
1213:Notes
1101:Tatar
1065:Tatar
1045:Oghur
1000:RSFSR
946:Kazan
911:Tsars
887:yasak
731:Sabir
706:хирти
701:Hirti
507:Oghur
460:Tuoba
453:name
423:jăvaş
341:Ogurs
261:1,204
243:2,242
225:2,281
207:3,904
6163:Chud
6037:Udis
5964:Roma
5817:Jews
5516:Tats
5470:Laks
5427:Tsez
5136:Sámi
5033:Kets
4920:(as
4756:Mari
4732:Komi
4488:and
4476:and
4157:Alat
3661:Äynu
3189:ISSN
3147:ISSN
3110:2023
3079:ISBN
3055:2022
3026:PMID
3008:ISSN
2935:PMID
2927:ISSN
2891:PMID
2873:ISSN
2805:PMID
2787:ISSN
2738:2021
2725:ISBN
2701:2021
2688:ISBN
2661:ISBN
2634:ISBN
2602:ISBN
2566:ISBN
2456:ISBN
2402:2018
2360:ISBN
2325:OCLC
2315:ISBN
2282:ISSN
2219:ISBN
2189:ISBN
2156:2024
2135:2023
2106:ISBN
2064:link
2009:ISBN
1984:ISBN
1949:ISBN
1930:help
1910:2024
1897:ISBN
1873:2023
1849:ISSN
1789:ISSN
1745:ISBN
1683:ISBN
1656:ISBN
1564:2016
1534:2009
1508:2016
1478:2023
1428:2016
1356:IPA:
1329:IPA:
1262:CHOO
1099:and
1063:and
1039:and
948:and
901:and
752:The
635:and
621:and
619:Mari
609:and
583:and
378:, a
331:The
5787:Han
5725:Laz
5257:Aba
5213:Taz
3181:doi
3137:doi
3016:PMC
2998:doi
2919:doi
2881:PMC
2863:doi
2795:PMC
2777:doi
2352:doi
2274:doi
2181:doi
1976:doi
1737:doi
932:).
463:in
394:or
351:.
6210::
5455:ru
4781:ru
4767:ru
4480:)
4472:,
4162:Az
3195:.
3187:.
3177:27
3175:.
3171:.
3153:.
3145:.
3133:14
3131:.
3127:.
3101:.
3063:^
3024:.
3014:.
3006:.
2994:18
2992:.
2988:.
2941:.
2933:.
2925:.
2915:39
2913:.
2889:.
2879:.
2871:.
2859:11
2857:.
2853:.
2831:.
2803:.
2793:.
2785:.
2775:.
2765:10
2763:.
2759:.
2740:.
2703:.
2616:^
2580:^
2434:.
2385:.
2358:.
2346:.
2323:.
2288:.
2280:.
2270:97
2268:.
2264:.
2245:.
2241:.
2197:.
2187:.
2158:.
2060:}}
2056:{{
2038:^
1982:.
1922::
1920:}}
1916:{{
1875:.
1855:.
1843:.
1839:.
1821:.
1803:.
1795:.
1781:IV
1779:.
1775:.
1753:.
1743:.
1710:.
1706:.
1616:.
1609:.
1587:.
1580:.
1550:.
1494:.
1444:.
1414:.
1398:.
1354:,
1342:,
1327:,
1318:,
1314::
1310:;
1292:ɑː
1280:tʃ
1273::
1271:US
1267:,
1249:ɑː
1243:uː
1240:tʃ
1230::
1228:UK
876:c.
631:,
575::
398:.
322:,
318:,
90:c.
4924:)
4527:e
4520:t
4513:v
3242:e
3235:t
3228:v
3183::
3139::
3112:.
3087:.
3057:.
3032:.
3000::
2949:.
2921::
2897:.
2865::
2811:.
2779::
2771::
2669:.
2642:.
2610:.
2574:.
2464:.
2419:.
2404:.
2368:.
2354::
2331:.
2296:.
2276::
2227:.
2183::
2137:.
2114:.
2066:)
2017:.
1992:.
1978::
1957:.
1932:)
1912:.
1845:6
1739::
1712:3
1691:.
1664:.
1566:.
1536:.
1510:.
1480:.
1448:.
1430:.
1347::
1298:/
1295:ʃ
1289:v
1286:ˈ
1283:ʊ
1277:/
1255:/
1252:ʃ
1246:v
1237:ˈ
1234:/
703:(
691:(
677:(
663:(
589:š
585:l
581:z
577:r
457:(
439:,
129:)
117:(
43:.
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
