37:
472:
187:
operatives. Only 606 people completed the training, and eventually 316 of them were secretly parachuted into occupied Poland. The first operation ("air bridge", as it was called) took place on 15 February 1941. This operation was conducted by
Captain Józef Zabielski, Major Stanisław Krzymowski and
1034:
Dropped on the night of 16–17 September 1943, along with Bronisław Rachwał "Glin" and
Kazimierz Smolaker "Nurek", as part of Operation “Neon 1”. Initially he was a staff officer in a Home Army unit commanded by Tadeusz Kuncewicz "Podkowa". Eventually, he became commanding officer of the 4th company
219:
The origins of the name are obscure and may never be known with certainty. "Silent Unseen" probably related to how some soldiers seemingly disappeared from their line units overnight to volunteer for special operations service, and it also describes those "who appear silently where they are least
467:
Though the Silent Unseen were organized in collaboration with SOE, it was largely independent. The Polish section of SOE was the only one which freely chose its own men and operated its own radio communications with an occupied country. Additionally, the identities of the Polish agents were known
394:
376:
During the first phase of training, all the volunteers were taught to use every kind of weapon (British, Polish, German, Russian and
Italian weapons) and mines. In additional courses, the soldiers were trained in basic covert operations, topography, cryptography, and sharpshooting. They were also
231:
Initially, the name was informal and was used mainly by soldiers who volunteered to parachute into Poland. However, from
September 1941 the name became official and was used in all documents. It was applied to the secret Polish Headquarters training unit created to provide agents with necessary
832:
organizer of the Huta Stepańska and 700 strong Huta Stara (Bomba's Unit) self-defences. Kidnapped by Soviet
Partisans in December 1943 and imprisoned in the Soviet gulags. Released in 1956 and returned to Poland, worked and studied at the Higher School of Economics, graduating in 1963 with a
1169:
operating in
Silesia, disrupting German communications and harassing their retreating forces. After the arrival of Russian forces, he was at the disposal of Area Commander Kraków, where he was Chief of Action 2 and Military Intelligence, Home Army Headquarters.
455:
Through 27 December 1944, 316 soldiers and 28 emissaries successfully parachuted into Poland. Additionally, 17 agents were dropped into
Albania, France, Greece, Italy and Yugoslavia. An unknown number of Poles (including the best known,
468:
only to the Polish
General Staff. Those transported to Poland included soldiers of all grades. The oldest was 54 years old, the youngest was 20. As a rule, all volunteers were promoted one rank at the moment of their jump.
950:
forgery specialist, help set up the Home Army's document forgery department, codenamed 'Agaton section'; commander of 'Agaton
Platoon' during the Warsaw Uprising; later he became an aide-de-camp to the Home Army's C-in-C,
223:
The Silent Unseen were trained initially in
Scotland in preparation for missions for the Polish underground in occupied Poland, such as building-clearance and bridge-demolition. In 1944, training was also carried out in
419:
took place on 15 February 1941. The Allied air commands carried out 483 air-bridge operations all together, losing 68 planes to crashes and enemy fire. Apart from the Silent Unseen themselves, some 630 tons of war
1617:
725:
intelligence operations. During the Warsaw Uprising, he was deputy commander of "Agaton" Platoon, and finally commander of "Communications Unit 59", a detachment protecting the Home Army General Staff.
1647:
556:
coordinators, 11 were instructors of armored forces and instructors in anti-tank warfare at secret military schools, 3 were trained in forging documents, 169 were trained in covert operations and
313:
Soon after, the General Staff's Section III began recruiting volunteers. Those selected left their erstwhile units in secret, silently and at night – hence, the perhaps at first facetious name,
262:, General Zając, replied that, while creation of such a unit would be a good move, the Polish Air Force had no means of transport and no training facilities for such a unit.
1106:
district. He organized a large Home Army unit, Zgrupowania Partyzanckie Armii Krajowej "Ponury". He was killed in action near the village of Jewlaszcze on 16 June 1944.
381:, and shooting at invisible targets. The briefing course included learning a new, false identity. All soldiers who passed the training were sworn in as members of the
377:
taught details of life in occupied Poland, from German-imposed laws to current fashions in occupied Warsaw. The fourth course included all kinds of covert operations,
1652:
1399:
188:
political courier Czesław Raczkowski. After 27 December 1944 further operations were discontinued, as by then most of Poland had been occupied by the
1039:
and his regular fighting against German anti-partisan units, he organized hideouts for Jewish refugees in his partisan camps. After the war, he joined
744:
317:("Silent Unseen"). Of 2,413 candidates, only 605 managed to complete the training and pass all the tests; of those, 579 qualified for airlift.
460:) were also parachuted into France by the British Special Operations Executive to start an underground movement among the half-million-strong
603:
Dropped into Poland in the first Cichociemni operation, the night of 15–16 February 1941, with Stanisław Krzymowski and Czesław Raczkowski.
1041:
630:
1049:, tortured, and tried in secret on 3 November 1948. He was sentenced to death and executed on 7 March 1949. His burial place is unknown.
258:, using a group of well-trained envoys. After his report was ignored, Górski resubmitted it several times. Finally the commander of the
1123:
the only female Silent Unseen agent to be dropped into occupied Poland; she served as a courier between Home Army Headquarters and the
277:, they managed to reach the United Kingdom. They studied documents on German paratroops and drafted a plan to create in exile a Polish
1470:
1642:
1586:
1553:
1508:
1443:
252:, drew up a report for the Polish Chief of Staff. Górski proposed creating a secret unit to maintain contact with the underground
1627:
1254:), was published in 2008. He was 94 years old when it first appeared in bookstores. In 2009 it was translated into English as
161:
36:
1516:
Tobie Ojczyzno – Cichociemni: Wojskowa Formacja Specjalna GROM im. Cichociemnych Spadochroniarzy Armii Krajowej, 1990-2000
1632:
591:
333:
184:
820:
721:
Specialist in document-forging and microphotography, an operative of the "Agaton" legalization section, participant in
552:. Some 37 worked in intelligence, 50 were radio operators and emissaries, 24 were staff officers, 22 were airmen and
203:; the communist regime was hostile to the Cichociemni, considered to be British ideologised infiltrators. Ninety-one
200:
42:
766:
Operation Jacket and Operation Salamander—the only Silent Unseen to go on two parachute missions and return to base
1313:
1173:
1136:
1124:
1046:
1014:
1013:
organizer of the secret police force, took part in the Warsaw Uprising. After the war, he was arrested by Poland's
325:
99:
73:
1433:
424:
were delivered in special containers. In addition, agents delivered the following sums of money to the Home Army:
952:
1539:
The Unseen and Silent: Adventures from the Underground Movement, Narrated by Paratroops of the Polish Home Army
1386:
The Unseen and Silent: Adventures from the Underground Movement, Narrated by Paratroops of the Polish Home Army
1227:
The Unseen and Silent: Adventures from the Underground Movement, Narrated by Paratroops of the Polish Home Army
611:
321:
95:
290:
1318:
1077:
1578:
938:
549:
233:
1534:
1416:
1381:
1349:
1637:
890:
534:
416:
393:
116:
1612:
1323:
1144:
1035:
of the 9th Pułk Piechoty Legionów AK of the Local Inspectorate of Home Army "Zamość". In addition to
684:
298:
1592:
1232:
The Polish edition was republished in England several times, last in 1973. A miniature version of
1114:
1025:
1005:
997:
commander of the 3rd Detachment of the Home Army General Staff (air forces and aerial deliveries).
877:
809:
754:
634:
557:
266:
1622:
1287:
898:
286:
249:
157:
83:
281:
to be used in covert support operations. The force was to be employed solely in aid of a future
1223:
Drogi cichociemnych: opowiadania zebrane i opracowane przez koło spadochroniarzy Armii Krajowej
1582:
1549:
1504:
1439:
1059:
638:
530:
302:
282:
112:
869:
and liberated it with his men, fighting 235 battles between 3 June 1943 and 17 January 1945.
195:
Of 316 Cichociemni, 103 perished during the war: in combat with the Germans, executed by the
1328:
1274:
1189:
1140:
894:
784:
675:
657:
538:
457:
259:
120:
1221:
The first book on the Silent Unseen was published in England in 1954. The Polish edition,
1139:
and spent a long period in prison. After the war, she pursued academic research, earning a
1474:
1356:. Encyklopedia skoczków AK. Introduction with Index of Individual Subpages. Archived from
1210:
792:
542:
461:
208:
173:
152:
140:
124:
63:
1080:. He was captured by the Soviets in 1944 and sentenced to death, commuted to 10 years in
703:
220:
expected, play havoc with the enemy and disappear whence they came, unnoticed, unseen."
692:
519:
442:
278:
270:
245:
285:
in occupied Poland. Their plan was never adopted, but on 20 September 1940 the Polish
232:
knowledge, money and equipment and to agents who were transported to Poland and other
1606:
1196:
84 in fighting against the Germans, or arrested and tortured to death by the Gestapo;
980:
858:
796:
722:
646:
626:
508:
382:
183:
A total of 2,613 Polish Army soldiers volunteered for training by Polish and British
165:
700:
Second Lieutenant, later Lieutenant (now Brigadier-General rtd., an honorary rank)
429:
169:
109:
529:. Many became important staff officers of the Polish Secret Army and took part in
471:
1279:
841:
642:
448:
922:
organizer of a partisan unit of his name in the Warsaw area, arrested by the
1400:"Families of Poland's secret army asked to share stories of wartime Britain"
1303:
1103:
670:
476:
401:
977:
17:
305:
in Poland, air delivery of arms and supplies, and training of paratroops.
1132:
1128:
1036:
862:
513:
501:
In Poland the Silent Unseen were assigned mostly to special units of the
436:
421:
320:
The volunteers included 1 general, 112 staff officers, 894 officers, 592
293:, ordered the creation of Section III of the Commander-in-Chief's Staff (
225:
189:
1073:
923:
788:
570:
553:
378:
196:
1599:, Wydawnictwo Fundacji Archiwum Pomorskie Armii Krajowej, Toruń, 2007.
248:
Jan Górski, a Polish Army officer who had escaped to France after the
1291:
1098:
Dropped into Poland on 7 November 1941. He was commanding officer of
927:
866:
804:
688:
489:
408:
274:
199:, or in crashes. A further nine were executed after the war by the
1357:
1308:
1243:
1099:
1081:
1069:
800:
525:
485:
480:
470:
404:
392:
324:(NCOs), 771 privates, 15 women, and 28 civilian emissaries of the
1205:
9 were shot down with their planes before reaching their targets.
1263:
902:
680:
1199:
10 committed suicide in German prisons or concentration camps;
833:
master's degree. Awarded the Silver Cross of Military Virtue.
503:
328:. The training established by the General Staff's Section VI (
254:
1236:
was published in two volumes in communist Poland in 1985 by
1563:(The Silent Unseen: From Poland to Poland), Wrocław, 1985.
1286:
An urban park commemorating the paratroopers, known as the
1202:
10 were executed by the Communists during or after the war;
791:. The unit's best-known operation was the assassination of
1473:. Słownik biograficzny powiatu łańcuckiego. Archived from
1161:
Dropped into Poland to drop point Wilga during Operation
889:
organizer of the Cichociemni and the main planner of the
857:
organizer of a 1000-strong cavalry partisan unit in the
1618:
Military units and formations of Poland in World War II
1068:
Dropped into Poland on 2 September 1942. Commander of
683:
and sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment in the staged
1501:
Station 43: Audley End House and SOE's Polish Section
1256:
Silent and Unseen: I was a WW II Special Ops Commando
1176:, he was released and escaped from Poland in 1946.
269:
continued studying the possibility of paratroops and
1648:
Polish underground organisations during World War II
1435:
Major Wacław Kopisto - Cichociemny Oficer AK Sybirak
1225:, was published by Veritas; and an English edition,
955:; he survived the war to become a notable architect
560:, and 28 were emissaries of the Polish government.
347:
psychological and technical investigations course (
105:
90:
79:
69:
59:
49:
29:
1261:On 4 August 1995, the Polish special-forces unit
1028:"Zapora" "Odra", "Reżu", "Stary", "Henryk Zagon"
1575:Polskie oddziały specjalne w II wojnie światowej
926:on 12 July 1944, probably tortured to death in
8:
1438:. Wydawnictwo Libra PL sp. z o.o., Rzeszów.
1377:
1375:
983:Area, arrested by Gestapo on 24 March 1944.
548:The Silent Unseen assumed various duties in
1283:(Time of Honour), about the Silent Unseen.
1188:Of 344 men transported to Poland, 113 were
1111:Brigadier-General rtd. (an honorary rank)
178:Cichociemni Spadochroniarze Armii Krajowej
1548:, Warsaw, Instytut Wydawniczy PAX, 1984,
1209:Of 91 Silent Unseen who took part in the
687:, he was murdered on 24 December 1946 in
568:The most notable Silent Unseen included:
228:, Italy, which had fallen to the Allies.
1570:(Four of a Thousand), Warsaw, KAW, 1981.
1503:, The History Press, 2006, p. 224,
1340:
1267:adopted the name and traditions of the
745:Polish 27th Home Army Infantry Division
1464:
1462:
1354:Sezony operacyjne. Ekipy Spadochronowe
1165:, he subsequently fought in Battalion
26:
1653:Polish resistance during World War II
151:
7:
1229:, was published by Sheed and Ward.
295:Oddział III Sztabu Naczelnego Wodza
1398:Bakare, Lanre (15 February 2021).
763:28 December 1941 and 4 April 1944
330:Oddział VI Sztabu Naczelnego Wodza
25:
1172:Arrested and interrogated by the
1084:. He returned to Poland in 1955.
649:; fought in the Warsaw Uprising.
41:Monument to the Silent Unseen in
1561:Cichociemni: Z Polski do Polski
1155:Stanisław Dmowski - "Podlasiak"
35:
1388:, Sheed and Ward, 1954, p. 350.
1076:Inspectorate, organized Polish
411:inspectorate, 22 September 1944
1421:The Unseen and Silent, p. 350.
1017:and executed in January 1953.
679:organization; arrested by the
336:(SOE) comprised five courses:
1:
1432:Krzysztof A. Tochman (2010).
1382:Kazimierz Iranek-Osmecki (pl)
1290:, was established in 2016 in
349:kurs badań psychotechnicznych
297:). Section III's purpose was
1213:, 18 were killed in action.
334:Special Operations Executive
273:. After the capitulation of
207:operatives took part in the
861:area, broke through to the
807:, in an operation known as
787:group fighting against the
1669:
1314:Polish government-in-exile
1125:Polish Government in Exile
935:Lieutenant, later Captain
905:forces on 21 August 1944.
629:General Staff Section II (
361:covert-operations course (
326:Polish Government in Exile
100:Polish government-in-exile
74:Polish government-in-exile
1127:. After the war, she was
1045:. He was arrested by the
637:); discovered the German
363:kurs walki konspiracyjnej
322:non-commissioned officers
265:Górski and his colleague
234:German-occupied countries
34:
1643:Special forces of Poland
1535:Kazimierz Iranek-Osmecki
1417:Kazimierz Iranek-Osmecki
612:Kazimierz Iranek-Osmecki
201:Polish People's Republic
153:[t͡ɕixɔˈt͡ɕɛmɲi]
96:Polish Underground State
1628:Guerrilla organizations
1541:, Sheed and Ward, 1954.
1277:has produced a series,
1597:Katarzyna Minczykowska
1579:Dom Wydawniczy Bellona
1042:Wolność i Niezawisłość
953:Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski
743:Chief of Staff of the
669:Last commander of the
550:German-occupied Europe
511:. Most of them joined
493:
412:
1078:self-defence in Wołyń
1031:16–17 September 1943
891:Operation Ostra Brama
474:
396:
149:Polish pronunciation:
117:Operation Ostra Brama
1633:Military parachuting
1514:Hubert Królikowski,
1324:Warsaw Rising Museum
1319:Stanisław Sosabowski
1244:General Stefan Bałuk
1102:in the Radom-Kielce
1092:Jan Piwnik "Ponury"
734:Tadeusz Klimowski -
685:Trial of the Sixteen
645:testing facility at
564:Famous Silent Unseen
492:Home Army area, 1944
417:air-bridge operation
354:parachuting course (
299:contingency planning
244:On 30 December 1939
162:Polish Army in exile
160:paratroopers of the
1544:Jędrzej Tucholski,
1529:Drogi cichociemnych
1348:KubaWinter (2015).
1252:I was a Cichociemny
1234:Drogi cichociemnych
1152:Lieutenant Colonel
1026:Hieronim Dekutowski
963:Józef Spychalski -
939:Stanisław Jankowski
878:Maciej Kalenkiewicz
874:Lieutenant Colonel
821:Władysław Kochański
810:Operation Kutschera
755:Tadeusz Chciuk-Celt
673:; commander of the
635:counterintelligence
577:Name and pseudonym
475:Silent Unseen of a
267:Maciej Kalenkiewicz
53:16 February 1941 –
1559:Jan Szatsznajder,
1523:Znak cichociemnych
1288:Silent Unseen Park
1248:Byłem Cichociemnym
1120:10 September 1943
899:Battle of Surkonty
751:Second Lieutenant
494:
435:US$ 26,299,375 in
428:40,869,800 forged
413:
400:after delivery to
356:kurs spadochronowy
332:) and the British
291:Władysław Sikorski
287:commander-in-chief
250:invasion of Poland
158:special-operations
84:Special operations
1181:
1180:
1158:27 December 1944
1145:Gdańsk University
1065:2 September 1942
1010:2 September 1942
976:commander of the
919:18 February 1943
886:28 December 1941
854:17 February 1943
829:2 September 1942
783:organizer of the
600:15 February 1941
533:and uprisings in
531:Operation Tempest
368:briefing course (
303:covert operations
130:
129:
113:Operation Tempest
16:(Redirected from
1660:
1593:Elżbieta Zawacka
1573:G. Korczyński -
1568:Cztery z tysiąca
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1477:on 19 April 2014
1471:"Wacław Kopisto"
1466:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1429:
1423:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1395:
1389:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1345:
1329:Western betrayal
1190:killed in action
1174:Security Service
1137:Security Service
1117:- "Zelma", "Zo"
1115:Elżbieta Zawacka
1095:7 November 1941
1047:Security Service
1015:Security Service
1006:Bolesław Kontrym
994:26 January 1943
991:Roman Rudkowski
838:Warrant Officer
803:Police Chief in
718:
658:Leopold Okulicki
622:
571:
558:partisan warfare
458:Krystyna Skarbek
451: 3,578,000.
340:workout course (
260:Polish Air Force
155:
150:
94:Armed forces of
55:27 December 1944
39:
27:
21:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1603:
1602:
1566:C. Chlebowski,
1531:, Warsaw, 1993.
1525:, Warsaw, 1985.
1521:P. Bystrzycki,
1518:, Gdańsk, 2001.
1499:Ian Valentine,
1496:
1491:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1415:
1411:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1380:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1300:
1219:
1211:Warsaw Uprising
1186:
1056:(posthumously)
1055:
793:Franz Kutschera
780:2 October 1942
740:7 January 1942
716:
620:
592:Józef Zabielski
566:
499:
462:Polish minority
391:
311:
242:
217:
209:Warsaw Uprising
174:occupied Poland
148:
133:
125:Warsaw Uprising
64:occupied Poland
54:
45:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1666:
1664:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1590:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1542:
1532:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1458:
1444:
1424:
1409:
1390:
1371:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1299:
1296:
1218:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1066:
1063:
1060:Wacław Kopisto
1057:
1051:
1050:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1008:
1003:
999:
998:
995:
992:
989:
985:
984:
974:
973:31 March 1942
971:
961:
957:
956:
948:
945:
936:
932:
931:
920:
917:
913:Józef Czuma -
911:
907:
906:
887:
884:
875:
871:
870:
855:
852:
839:
835:
834:
830:
827:
818:
814:
813:
781:
778:
772:
768:
767:
764:
761:
752:
748:
747:
741:
738:
732:
728:
727:
719:
714:
701:
697:
696:
693:Butyrka prison
667:
666:14 March 1943
664:
655:
651:
650:
623:
618:
609:
605:
604:
601:
598:
589:
585:
584:
581:
578:
575:
565:
562:
520:Związek Odwetu
498:
495:
453:
452:
446:
445:1,755 in gold;
440:
433:
390:
387:
374:
373:
370:kurs odprawowy
366:
359:
352:
345:
342:kurs zaprawowy
310:
307:
279:airborne force
271:special forces
241:
238:
216:
213:
172:to operate in
131:
128:
127:
107:
103:
102:
92:
88:
87:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
40:
32:
31:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1665:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1587:83-11-10280-5
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1554:83-211-0537-8
1551:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1509:0-7509-4255-X
1506:
1502:
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1360:on 2006-02-08
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1350:"Cichociemni"
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947:3 March 1942
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825:Wujek / Bomba
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717:10 April 1944
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621:14 March 1943
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166:Great Britain
164:, created in
163:
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156:) were elite
154:
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138:
137:Silent Unseen
132:Military unit
126:
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121:Lwów Uprising
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28:
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1638:Paratroopers
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1494:Bibliography
1479:. Retrieved
1475:the original
1449:. Retrieved
1434:
1427:
1420:
1412:
1404:The Guardian
1403:
1393:
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1362:. Retrieved
1358:the original
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865:forest near
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704:Stefan Bałuk
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631:intelligence
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170:World War II
144:
136:
134:
110:World War II
1613:Cichociemni
1546:Cichociemni
1280:Czas honoru
1269:Cichociemni
1246:'s memoir,
910:Lieutenant
842:Adolf Pilch
662:Niedźwiadek
398:Cichociemni
389:Air bridges
315:Cichociemni
205:Cichociemni
145:Cichociemni
106:Engagements
86:paratroops
18:Cichociemni
1607:Categories
1577:, Warsaw,
1364:18 October
859:Nowogródek
647:Peenemünde
415:The first
289:, General
70:Allegiance
1623:Home Army
1469:S.B.P.L.
1304:Home Army
1275:Polish TV
1167:"Andrzej"
1163:Staszek 2
1141:doctorate
1104:Home Army
723:Home Army
671:Home Army
627:Home Army
509:Home Army
497:The fight
477:Home Army
439:and gold;
437:banknotes
402:Home Army
383:Home Army
211:of 1944.
1581:, 2006,
1481:19 April
1451:19 April
1298:See also
1133:tortured
1129:arrested
1037:sabotage
988:Colonel
965:Grudzień
960:Colonel
930:prison.
901:against
863:Kampinos
817:Captain
771:Captain
731:Captain
654:General
608:Colonel
588:Captain
580:Dropped
514:Wachlarz
422:materiel
309:Training
283:uprising
226:Brindisi
190:Red Army
43:Dębowiec
1217:Postwar
1135:by the
1082:Siberia
1072:in the
924:Gestapo
897:in the
882:Kotwicz
789:Gestapo
554:airdrop
379:jujitsu
246:Captain
240:History
197:Gestapo
168:during
60:Country
1585:
1552:
1507:
1442:
1292:Warsaw
1184:Losses
1089:Major
1062:"Kra"
1054:Major
1022:Major
1002:Major
978:Kraków
943:Agaton
928:Pawiak
915:Skryty
867:Warsaw
850:Dolina
805:Warsaw
759:Sulima
708:Starba
689:Moscow
616:Antoni
543:Warsaw
490:Kielce
484:unit,
430:zlotys
409:Kielce
275:France
141:Polish
50:Active
1335:Notes
1309:Kedyw
1143:from
1100:KeDyw
1070:Kedyw
801:Reich
712:Kubuś
583:Note
574:Rank
535:Wilno
526:KeDyw
486:Radom
481:Kedyw
405:Radom
1583:ISBN
1550:ISBN
1505:ISBN
1483:2014
1453:2014
1440:ISBN
1366:2015
1264:GROM
1238:Kurs
1131:and
1074:Łuck
969:Luty
903:NKVD
846:Góra
799:and
785:Agat
776:Pług
736:Klon
681:NKVD
641:and
633:and
596:Żbik
541:and
539:Lwów
523:and
507:and
301:for
215:Name
135:The
123:and
91:Role
80:Type
895:KIA
691:'s
676:Nie
643:V-2
639:V-1
504:ZWZ
255:ZWZ
185:SOE
180:).
1609::
1595:,
1556:..
1537:,
1461:^
1419:,
1402:.
1384:,
1374:^
1352:.
1294:.
1271:.
1258:.
1240:.
1192::
1147:.
981:AK
967:,
941:-
893:,
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848:,
844:-
823:-
797:SS
795:,
757:-
710:;
706:-
695:.
660:-
614:-
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545:.
537:,
517:,
464:.
449:RM
385:.
236:.
192:.
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1455:.
1406:.
1368:.
1250:(
488:-
443:£
432:;
407:-
372:)
365:)
358:)
351:)
344:)
176:(
139:(
98:/
20:)
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