645:
1522:
3266:
182:
667:), but the majority of the population remained nationally indifferent for a few decades. The situation began to change in the 1860s and 1870s. In 1860 Polish and Czech were recognised as the local auxiliary languages in the province. This led to unprecedented, unfettered development of the Polish official language in primary schools and offices. The higher education remained German-speaking, which the Polish activists tried to change as well. For example, in 1874
3273:
5032:
4233:
5049:
4465:
215:
5027:
710:. The region was divided in 1920 by these two states. After that division the dialect in the Czech part of the region was and still is strongly influenced mainly by Czech (mainly lexicon and syntax), with most new vocabulary, aside from English loanwords, borrowed from Czech. On the other hand, in the Polish part it was and still is influenced by standard Polish.
194:
758:
dialect, and thus maintain that the territory of Polish extends into Czech
Silesia. This interpretation emphasizes the history of the dialect over the current situation, as it has its roots mainly in Polish. The other view, which is generally favoured by Czech and Slovak linguists, emphasizes a more
438:
In a few decades after the establishment of the Duchy of
Teschen, roughly at the same time it became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia (1327), written documents began to be produced in the local ducal chancellery. They closely followed patterns set by the capital of the country, Prague, including and
625:, with the Duchy of Teschen and the neighbouring but separate state countries, in 1783 administratively became part of the Moravian Governorship, which, contrary to the Prussian Silesia, led to strengthening of the influence of Czech. For example, the text books for local schools were produced in
321:
Polish and Czech linguists differ in their views on the classification of the dialect. Most Czech linguists make a distinction between the dialect as spoken in
Czechia and in Poland, and classify the dialect spoken on the Czech side of the border as a "mixed Czech-Polish dialect", a designation
474:
g ≥ h, another major trait delineating from then on Polish and Czech, as well as Lach and
Cieszyn Silesian dialects. Even after the introduction and dominance of Czech as an official language, those place names were adapted to the chancellary language only partially, for example Dębowiec as
528:
From the 16th century onward, more and more text was produced outside of the ducal chancellery in
Teschen. Many of the inhabitants of the region were not proficient in Czech and wrote in a more idiosyncratic manner which reflected the vernacular language. A bill of a locksmith from
741:
Grammatically and phonologically, the
Cieszyn Silesian dialect is closer to Polish than to Czech. Czechs who are not familiar with the dialect may therefore have considerable difficulty understanding it. The mutual intelligibility with other dialects of Polish is generally higher.
451:. The chancellery language did not reflect the ethnic composition of the majority of the population of Cieszyn Silesia, however it did affect the preference of the well established Czech over reimposed German, as it was linguistically much closer to the Cieszyn Silesian dialect.
701:
the dialect, like all
Silesian dialects, was strongly influenced mainly by German, which at that time gained the most prestigious status, and increasing proportion of the urban population, not just in Bielsko and Teschen, but also in smaller towns were German speakers. After
514:, bringing the shepherds culture and vocabulary, although they were by that time linguistically mostly Polish. In the mid 16th century the population of the region became in large part Protestant and Duchy of Teschen itself soon lost territorial integrity: among others the
374:) as a specific and distinct subgroup of that dialect (Stanisław Bąk, 1974; Alfred Zaręba, 1988; Bogusław Wyderka, 2010). As such, from the 1990s the Cieszyn Silesian dialect became an object of the debate, whether Silesian is a separate language or just a dialect. The
322:
already used in the 19th century. Polish linguists tend to classify the language on both sides of the border under the
Silesian dialects of Polish. Although the dialect has its roots mainly in Polish (phonology and morphology are consistently shared with Polish), the
811:), thus grouping it together with the Lachian dialects. This was a politically motivated decision, however, as the Nazi censors would have forbidden publication of any title that linked Slavic languages to the recently annexed Cieszyn region.
346:", a self-designation also encountered for other Slavic varieties in the Carpathians. In the past, the dialect has been mostly lumped together with other, territorially bigger languages/dialects: beginning with Polish (the language of the
589:
Depending on the education of the writer a varying level of code-switching between Czech, Moravian, Silesian and Polish can be observed, which apparently didn't impede much the communication between the Slavic speakers, as opposed to the
197:
582:
Roku 1812 przed Gody
Francuz prziszeł na Mozgola do bitki, ale sie Francuzowi źle podarziło, Pon Bóg mu tam bardzo wybił, trefiła zima wielko i mroz, i zmorz tam, że sie go mało wróciło i musioł sie wrócić chned w poście z Galicje.
201:
200:
196:
195:
202:
1537:
The native Slavic vocabulary of the
Cieszyn Silesian dialect consists of some words shared with modern Czech and some words shared with modern Polish. It also contains words which has become obsolete in modern Polish but whose
818:. He recognised the Cieszyn Silesian dialect as a distinct subgroup of Silesian, followed by other linguists (Zaręba, Wyderka), who occasionally omitted the Czech part of the region from the territory of the Silesian dialects.
439:
foremost the chancellery language: Latin, German (alongside Latin from 1331), Czech (increasingly dominant over German from the mid-15th century). Probably due to the peripheral location and a certain level of autonomy the
390:
was a result of a historical evolution, shaped by the territory's geographical location, affected by political affiliation and migrations of people. The region was almost always peripheral—at the south-eastern edge of
4797:
722:, but also by some people of Czech and Slovak ethnicity in the same area. The Czech government considers the Cieszyn Silesian dialect to be a variety of Polish, and Polish is a recognised minority language in the
199:
644:
4300:
4445:
641:, the local overseer of Catholic schools from the year 1804 strove to replace it with Polish textbooks. His petitions were generally ignored/left unanswered by the education office in Brno.
559:
in a local variety of Polish, thus the very first Polish document in the region. The vernacular language especially seeped into half-official and unofficial written documents, like diaries (
759:
recent distinction between the dialect spoken on the Polish side of the border from the dialect on the Czech side, with the latter considered to have become a "mixed Czech-Polish dialect" (
370:), but mostly with Silesian by the Upper Silesians and Poles. Polish linguists have mostly seen it as part of the Silesian dialect, first in 1974 recognising the Cieszyn Silesian dialect (
1574:
The main standard languages used in Cieszyn Silesia are Czech and Polish; in the past, German and Latin were also used. However, several writers and poets wrote in the dialect, including
4807:
4802:
609:, to that date similar in scope to the Duchy of Teschen, quickly waned, replaced by the growing imposition of the German culture and language, especially after 1749. This led to
1606:. Poets who wrote in Cieszyn Silesian generally regarded their work as part of the Polish literary tradition, rather than belonging to a new standard language, by contrast to
454:
The earliest traces of the vernacular language were exposed in place names, as they were first mentioned in Latin and/or German-speaking documents. They sometimes contained
733:
In Poland, because of the closer linguistic relationship between the dialect and standard Polish, the dialect is becoming diluted more quickly than in the Czech Republic.
458:, one of the first traits differentiating early medieval Polish and Czech: they were present in the place names later inhabited by Cieszyn Silesian-speaking people, like
5931:
3150:
3160:
3081:
814:
The earliest linguistically scientific modern subdivision of the Silesian dialects in Poland dates to Stanisław Bąk (1974), inspired by early 19th century work by
198:
2773:
2030:
3128:
4450:
3007:
5085:
2985:
2869:
2308:
318:, where it was and still is strongly influenced mainly by Czech (mainly lexicon and syntax). It is used to reinforce a feeling of regional solidarity.
2814:
3027:
3022:
707:
6031:
6021:
3779:
3197:
3140:
3012:
2963:
3232:
3096:
3086:
2911:
307:
border. It remains mostly a spoken language. The dialect is better preserved today than traditional dialects of many other West Slavic regions.
5926:
3388:
2864:
2757:
1952:
4838:
2469:
2259:
2219:
719:
533:, who in 1589 tried to issue it in the most prestigious at that time official language, was so riddled with mistakes, that some researchers (
315:
1461:
521:
with the majority of regional Moravian/Lach-speakers, who also remained mostly Roman Catholic. On the other end of the duchy emerged the
4379:
1481:
1303:
1289:
1208:
5786:
4290:
4508:
3681:
3568:
3378:
3329:
1492:
3493:
5804:
3408:
2349:
2294:
2005:
1983:
1960:
3651:
3458:
3418:
3294:
3075:
2842:
378:
in the south of Cieszyn Silesia do not call their dialect Silesian but Goral (Górolski) and have more Vlach and Slovak influence.
4544:
4437:
4327:
3639:
3563:
1363:
1349:
1296:
1248:
1201:
5159:
5102:
3553:
3433:
3324:
1282:
1275:
947:
This system has been attested on both sides of the border, but some speakers on the Czech side do not have the close-mid vowel
484:
567:) from the early 18th century, earlier than anything known in Poland. Probably the most discussed and analysed of them is the
5078:
4843:
3398:
2500:
911:
2921:
1900:
3841:
3593:
3448:
3438:
2807:
1356:
1241:
1031:
890:
4374:
6026:
5921:
4817:
4529:
3772:
3513:
1342:
1335:
936:
897:
2344:
Mrózek, Robert (1984). "Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego" [Local names of former Cieszyn Silesia].
727:
66:
5916:
5544:
5111:
3977:
3874:
3543:
1521:
1319:
920:
865:
5951:
5389:
3358:
463:
6016:
5000:
4953:
4833:
4401:
4023:
3972:
3726:
3634:
3478:
1454:
1194:
1102:
1095:
960:
679:
3927:
2875:
5708:
5071:
4994:
4628:
4539:
4049:
4003:
3922:
2553:
1312:
1587:
718:
The Cieszyn Silesian dialect is spoken by around 200,000 people in the Czech Republic. It is mainly used by the
4549:
4534:
4524:
3671:
2800:
1109:
874:
682:, proposed to open a Polish-speaking teachers' seminar in Teschen, as well as a Czech-speaking one in Troppau (
444:
3533:
3265:
652:
In 1849 Austrian Silesia regained administrative independence, the Polish national movement was initiated by
5809:
5726:
5654:
5445:
5402:
5118:
4988:
4931:
4638:
3987:
3765:
3656:
3503:
1234:
1147:
1140:
1122:
181:
113:
4633:
5646:
5579:
5574:
5539:
5498:
5301:
5269:
4322:
3942:
3912:
3706:
3588:
3483:
3069:
2038:
998:
956:
948:
664:
323:
118:
2958:
2906:
5839:
5793:
5718:
5696:
5611:
5600:
5408:
5380:
5359:
5170:
5125:
4614:
4571:
1559:
1438:
1420:
1392:
1154:
1052:
1045:
815:
783:
334:
The Cieszyn Silesian has been known by various names over the years. The modern speakers refer to it as
128:
4383:
3617:
3528:
2279:
1530:
396:
4013:
1875:
668:
5855:
5349:
5319:
5278:
5198:
4416:
4039:
4008:
3937:
3894:
3352:
2943:
2891:
2728:
1975:
1832:
1622:
1167:
1070:
787:
578:. The text was written primarily in the local dialect, but was stylized to resemble standard Polish:
54:
5956:
3982:
3538:
653:
5865:
5664:
5631:
5532:
5522:
5491:
5291:
5178:
5141:
5130:
4967:
4960:
4752:
4498:
4434:
4369:
4295:
3857:
3831:
3813:
3518:
3468:
1607:
1262:
1177:
1059:
723:
545:
276:
70:
3463:
3238:
534:
515:
5527:
5464:
5439:
5286:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5207:
4684:
4406:
4273:
3962:
3952:
3835:
3827:
3818:
3802:
3032:
2767:
2024:
1583:
1555:
993:
602:
598:
404:
133:
5941:
4673:
4189:
2938:
2901:
2492:
2486:
1904:
5976:
5966:
5827:
5743:
5681:
5584:
5566:
5549:
5506:
5480:
5426:
5421:
5344:
5309:
5228:
5151:
4902:
4897:
4411:
4305:
3957:
3917:
3868:
3863:
3851:
3846:
3209:
3042:
2997:
2953:
2948:
2896:
2753:
2732:
2496:
2465:
2353:
2255:
2215:
2046:
2001:
1979:
1956:
1551:
1547:
1471:
1328:
1223:
1133:
1018:
1008:
755:
751:
673:
638:
622:
272:
264:
138:
2666:
1542:
are still used in Czech. Cieszyn Silesian has borrowed heavily from German, specifically the
5961:
5897:
5701:
5415:
5366:
5354:
5339:
5218:
5213:
5094:
5052:
4936:
4848:
4712:
4691:
4653:
4553:
4344:
4317:
4283:
4098:
4044:
3736:
3700:
3393:
1591:
988:
983:
772:
768:
629:
in the standard form of Czech, which was together with the dialect commonly referred to as "
618:
591:
522:
511:
123:
3368:
3272:
3145:
3111:
767:). Since the border dividing Cieszyn Silesia was created in 1920, there has been increased
5779:
5738:
5731:
5485:
5475:
5450:
5433:
5223:
5191:
5146:
5136:
4907:
4882:
4877:
4812:
4643:
4349:
4278:
4071:
4066:
4061:
3967:
2823:
1543:
1377:
1039:
1013:
658:
594:, that could and often did exist between the local Slavic and German speaking population.
387:
296:
292:
284:
240:
105:
81:
5981:
4161:
3508:
3002:
1579:
786:
was the first Polish researcher (of German descent) trying to argue in the spirit of the
4232:
550:
5996:
5971:
5764:
5686:
5676:
5619:
5397:
5334:
5237:
5005:
4872:
4503:
4126:
4103:
3947:
3932:
3523:
3319:
3251:
3187:
3182:
2886:
2834:
2290:
1526:
1082:
905:
503:
304:
280:
256:
207:
95:
62:
58:
17:
5031:
975:
The basic system of consonant phonemes of the Cieszyn Silesian dialect is as follows:
6010:
5946:
5936:
5636:
5512:
5257:
5183:
4892:
4661:
4312:
4156:
3823:
3629:
3299:
1611:
1603:
1510:
1268:
1183:
1088:
847:
801:
A two-volume survey of the dialect on the Czech side of the border was undertaken by
606:
518:
467:
428:
408:
400:
219:
2927:
2691:
2158:
1506:
530:
214:
5554:
5328:
4759:
4464:
4214:
4166:
3741:
1993:
1599:
1595:
1575:
964:
802:
776:
698:
687:
455:
3578:
3558:
3373:
3363:
3214:
3170:
3101:
1856:
After the area administratively became a part of Moravia in the year 1782 to 1848.
750:
Cieszyn Silesian is a transitional dialect, located roughly at the mid-point of a
2572:
1924:
Earlier Suess defended the imposition of obligatory German in the primary schools
1625:
in the Cieszyn Silesian dialect, with Silesian, Polish and Czech for comparison:
539:
5883:
5870:
4393:
4339:
4334:
4171:
4141:
4018:
3611:
3473:
3383:
3314:
3192:
3165:
3047:
3037:
2881:
1003:
952:
859:
842:
754:
connecting Czech, Slovak, and Polish. Polish linguists tend to classify it as a
703:
614:
363:
1865:
Most commonly and slightly pejoratively by Germans in the 19th and 20th century
1843:) spoken in the western part of the region and the German spoken in and around
5820:
5799:
5691:
5026:
4738:
4718:
4705:
3746:
3676:
3604:
3583:
3488:
3443:
3423:
3413:
3304:
3017:
2991:
2933:
2853:
2847:
2724:
2247:
2207:
2103:
Słownik gwarowy Śląska Cieszyńskiego. Wydanie drugie, poprawione i rozszerzone
1836:
928:
852:
424:
311:
2357:
2050:
5845:
5671:
5659:
5012:
4773:
4698:
4209:
3346:
2974:
2916:
2859:
2787:
1879:
882:
795:
575:
570:
169:
91:
4766:
3623:
3176:
3091:
3058:
2968:
2749:
2736:
420:
1974:(in Polish). Warsaw: Towarzystwo Naukowe Warszawskie. Instytut Slawistyki
499:
continued to be written with the nasal vowel even in the Czech documents.
5890:
5814:
5772:
4730:
4204:
4199:
4151:
3666:
3645:
3598:
3203:
3134:
3122:
3064:
3052:
2980:
2072:
1812:
1563:
692:
not Polish, but Wasserpolnisch, a Polish-Czech mixture, not used in books
471:
432:
186:
Cieszyn dialect (7) within Silesian dialects (according to Alfred Zaręba)
1546:
dialects spoken in the area, and also contains some "Carpathianisms" of
5877:
5833:
4620:
4194:
4181:
4136:
4131:
4056:
3788:
3661:
3573:
3453:
3428:
3340:
3245:
3155:
3106:
1844:
1539:
630:
470:
population. From the 13th and consolidated in the 14th century was the
448:
392:
351:
1509:
merges the postalveolar and pre-palatal fricatives, realising both as
706:
two new nation states emerged: Poland and Czechoslovakia, followed by
5624:
4745:
4724:
3548:
3498:
3334:
3286:
3116:
2488:
Communities Across Borders: New Immigrants and Transnational Cultures
507:
416:
412:
375:
300:
288:
4798:
Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia
4780:
4108:
5063:
2460:
Janusz Gruchała, Krzysztof Nowak, ed. (2013). "Dzieje polityczne".
4667:
4146:
3403:
3309:
2792:
1520:
790:
that Silesian has Polish and not Czech roots. In his dissertation
683:
643:
192:
3757:
2462:Śląsk Cieszyński od Wiosny Ludów do I wojny światowej (1848-1918)
4118:
4090:
2105:. Jadwiga Wronicz (edditor), Ustroń 2010, ISBN 978-83-60551-28-8
963:) consonants, as well as hard ones. Unlike in Czech and Slovak,
626:
613:
and large influx of the German borrowings, embodied in the term
5067:
4592:
4480:
4248:
3892:
3800:
3761:
2796:
2554:"Wiadomości o języku polskim w Szląsku i o polskich Szlązakach"
2287:
Gwarowa wymowa mieszkańców Górnego Śląska w ujęciu akustycznym
2214:. Cieszyn: Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie. pp. 181–196.
407:—however it is located near the wide, northern opening of the
792:
Wiadomości o języku polskim w Szląsku i o polskich Szlązakach
3271:
3264:
2667:"Endangered Languages Project – Upper Silesian – Ôjcze nasz"
2252:Śląsk Cieszyński w początkach czasów nowożytnych (1528-1653)
2212:Śląsk Cieszyński w początkach czasów nowożytnych (1528-1653)
1878:(1804), whereas the dialect in the western part, along the
2721:
Słownictwo polskich gwar Śląska na terenie Czechosłowacji
2254:. Cieszyn: Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie. p. 177.
1933:
However noticeably less than in the Upper Silesian towns.
2464:. Cieszyn: Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie. p. 76.
326:
development of the dialect is of a transitional nature.
4808:
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland
4803:
Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession
27:
Silesian dialect spoken across the Polish-Czech border
2233:
2231:
563:) or even chronicles written by local rural authors (
411:, on the most popular if not the shortest route from
206:
A Cieszyn Silesian dialect speaker, recorded in the
5907:
5854:
5763:
5717:
5645:
5610:
5599:
5565:
5463:
5388:
5379:
5318:
5300:
5277:
5268:
5169:
5101:
4981:
4945:
4920:
4861:
4826:
4790:
4652:
4603:
4564:
4517:
4491:
4433:
4392:
4358:
4266:
4259:
4180:
4117:
4089:
4082:
4032:
3996:
3905:
3719:
3690:
3282:
3223:
2830:
1998:
Borders of Language and Identity in Teschen Silesia
831:Cieszyn Silesian has the following vowel phonemes:
601:in 1742 the majority of Silesia was annexed by the
366:) or less pejoratively hyphenated Silesian-Polish (
167:
162:
102:
87:
77:
49:
32:
2297:. Wydział Filologiczny. Instytut Języka Polskiego.
663:, who issued the first Polish-speaking newspaper (
617:, later adopted also by the Austrian Germans. The
1895:With two notable exceptions: the 1229 mention of
2045:(in Polish). Warsaw, Prague, Třinec: PAI-press.
805:in the 1940s, which named it "Eastern Lachian" (
794:Bandtkie placed the border of Polish along the
443:in the Duchy of Teschen was preserved after the
2157:Nekvapil, Jiří; Sloboda, Marián; Wagner, Petr.
1562:origin, which are mostly words relating to the
1525:Bilingual sign written in Cieszyn Silesian and
621:, the part of the Silesia that remained in the
580:
2161:. Nakladatelství Lidové Noviny. pp. 94–95
223:grave inscription in Cieszyn Silesian dialect.
5079:
3773:
2808:
648:"Wasser-Polaken" on an Austrian map from 1850
8:
2339:
2337:
1742:Chleba naszego powszedniego daj nam dzisiaj.
249:
806:
771:with Czech, in particular the neighbouring
761:
555:, Zbigniew Greń) consider it to be written
338:, and is also commonly referred by them as
5607:
5385:
5274:
5086:
5072:
5064:
4924:
4865:
4607:
4600:
4589:
4488:
4477:
4362:
4263:
4256:
4245:
4086:
3902:
3889:
3797:
3780:
3766:
3758:
3687:
3220:
2815:
2801:
2793:
2772:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2643:
2641:
2639:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2029:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
951:. Unlike in Standard Polish, there are no
611:attempts of approximation of the two codes
574:by Jura (Jerzy) Gajdzica (1777-1840) from
525:, dominated by German-speaking Lutherans.
180:
29:
2280:"Śląszczyzna w badaniach lingwistycznych"
1505:The dialect as spoken in the area around
2273:
2271:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2113:
2111:
1703:Chlyb nŏsz kŏżdodziynny dej nōm dzisiŏk.
1627:
977:
833:
730:, where the dialect is natively spoken.
213:
2159:"Multilingualism in the Czech Republic"
2064:
1824:
1750:jak i my odpuszczamy naszym winowajcom.
1664:Chlyb nasz każdodźienny dej nóm dźiśej.
1614:literary standard of his own creation.
5927:Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony
2765:
2731:and Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich.
2073:"Ethnologue report for language code:
2022:
1972:Śląsk Cieszyński. Dziedzictwo językowe
1711:jako a my ôdpuszczōmy naszym winnikōm.
2250:, ed. (2011). "Mieszkańcy Księstwa".
2210:, ed. (2011). "Mieszkańcy Księstwa".
980:
763:nářečí polsko-českého smíšeného pruhu
447:(1620), in contrast to the region of
7:
2746:Słownik gwarowy Śląska Cieszyńskiego
1672:jako my odpuszczómy naszym winńikum.
708:Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts
310:On the Czech side of the border (in
279:and also has strong influences from
4380:Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis
2408:Najstarszy chłopski exlibris polski
4530:Legnicko-Głogowski Okręg Miedziowy
4509:Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area
2421:Język rękopisu pamiętnika Gajdzicy
2081:Ethnologue. Languages of the World
1789:jako i my odpouštíme naším viníkům
1727:Ojcze nasz, który jesteś w niebie,
1688:Fatrze nŏsz, kery jeżeś we niebie,
1649:Ojcze nasz, kjery żeś je w niebje,
466:), but not in the area settled by
25:
4839:Moravian–Silesian Football League
2788:Cieszyn Silesian-Czech Dictionary
2350:University of Silesia in Katowice
1491:
1480:
1460:
1453:
1419:
1391:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1318:
1311:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1166:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1121:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1069:
1058:
1051:
1044:
967:is not phonemically distinctive.
935:
919:
910:
896:
889:
873:
864:
5048:
5047:
5030:
5025:
4463:
4231:
1953:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
1781:Chléb náš vezdejší dej nám dnes.
1700:jako we niebie tak tyż na ziymi.
1661:jako w niebje, tak też na źymji.
690:, who called the local language
686:). This was strongly opposed by
299:, a region on both sides of the
6032:Culture of Silesian Voivodeship
6022:Languages of the Czech Republic
2696:Wiktionary, the free dictionary
2397:Słownik gwarowy, 2010, p. 14-15
2295:Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach
1907:, both polonised afterwards as
1766:Otče náš, jenž jsi na nebesích,
1566:of shepherds in the highlands.
5787:Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin
4291:Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39)
1652:bóndź pośwjyncóne mjano Twoji.
287:and, to a lesser extent, from
1:
4954:Schlesien Unvergessene Heimat
3842:1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite
2744:Jadwiga Wronicz, ed. (2010).
1753:I nie wódź nas na pokuszenie,
1739:jako w niebie tak i na ziemi.
1714:A niy wōdź nŏs na pokuszyniy,
1691:bydź poświyncōne mjano Twoje.
314:) it is spoken mainly by the
275:. It has its roots mainly in
5922:Slavic second palatalization
4818:Pentecostal Church in Poland
3928:Obniżenie Milicko-Głogowskie
2041:; Ryczkowski, Marek (1992).
1675:A nie wodź nas na pokuszeni,
697:From the 19th century up to
605:. The influence of Czech in
5917:Slavic first palatalization
3978:Silesian-Moravian Foothills
2671:www.endangeredlanguages.com
2313:www.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl
1884:Sprache schlesisch-mährisch
1778:jako v nebi, tak i na zemi.
680:Imperial Council of Austria
6048:
5001:Silesian Autonomy Movement
4644:Silesian Museum (Katowice)
3973:Silesian-Lusatian Lowlands
3727:Cieszyn Silesia Euroregion
2579:. Czech language institute
1839:, as opposed to Moravian (
782:In the early 19th century
502:In the late 15th century (
5990:
5709:Slavic dialects of Greece
5043:
5023:
4995:Landsmannschaft Schlesien
4927:
4868:
4610:
4599:
4588:
4540:Upper Silesian Coal Basin
4535:Lower Silesian Coal Basin
4525:Bielski Okręg Przemysłowy
4487:
4476:
4461:
4365:
4255:
4244:
4229:
4050:Moravian-Silesian Beskids
3923:Lower Silesian Wilderness
3901:
3888:
3809:
3796:
3262:
2017:Východolašská nářečí (II)
1874:For example in a book by
1470:
1437:
1376:
1261:
1176:
1081:
1038:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
987:
982:
678:, a Polish deputy to the
350:, Polish congregation), "
179:
42:
37:
4446:Lower Silesian and Opole
4375:Moravian–Silesian Region
3732:Cieszyn Silesian dialect
3692:partially in the region:
3225:partially in the region:
2515:Hannan 1996, pp. 159-161
2000:. New York: Peter Lang.
1792:a neuveď nás v pokušení,
1747:I odpuść nam nasze winy,
1733:przyjdź królestwo Twoje,
1717:nale zbŏw nŏs ôde złygo.
1694:Przińdź krōlestwo Twoje,
1669:A odpuść nóm nasze winy,
1655:Przyńdź królestwo Twoje,
445:Battle of White Mountain
233:Teschen Silesian dialect
229:Cieszyn Silesian dialect
4639:Silesian Museum (Opava)
4024:Slezská Harta Reservoir
2656:Hannan 1996 pp. 147-153
2633:Hannan 1996 pp. 105-106
2552:Jerzy Samuel Bandtkie.
2348:(in Polish). Katowice:
2015:Kellner, Adolf (1949).
1970:Greń, Zbigniew (2000).
1786:A odpusť nám naše viny,
1756:ale nas zbaw ode Złego.
1708:A ôdpuś nōm nŏsze winy,
728:Frýdek-Místek Districts
18:Cieszyn Silesia dialect
4844:National football team
4004:Jezioro Goczałkowickie
3988:Zielona Góra Acclivity
3276:
3269:
2759:-978-83-60551-28-8
2606:Hannan 1996, pp. 89-90
2573:"Východolašská nářečí"
2491:. Routledge. pp.
2485:Kennedy, Paul (2002).
2309:"DIALEKTOLOGIA POLSKA"
2179:Hannan 1996, pp. 85-86
1976:Polskiej Akademii Nauk
1951:(in Polish). Wrocław:
1795:ale zbav nás od zlého.
1678:ale zbow nas od złego.
1534:
807:
762:
737:Mutual intelligibility
649:
635:moravski / po moravsku
585:
495:, however for example
403:, and as a fee of the
399:, in Poland under the
356:moravski / po moravsku
260:
250:
244:
224:
211:
5840:Taimyr Pidgin Russian
4813:Roman Catholic Church
4634:Upper Silesian Museum
3275:
3268:
2533:Hannan 1996, p. xviii
2524:Z. Greń, 2000, p. 282
2432:Z. Greń, 2000, p. 39.
2346:Topics in Phraseology
1947:Dejna, Karol (1993).
1772:Přijď království Tvé.
1730:święć się imię Twoje,
1524:
816:Jerzy Samuel Bandtkie
784:Jerzy Samuel Bandtkie
647:
561:zapiśniki dlo pamięci
523:Bielsko state country
217:
205:
4834:Football Association
4009:Jezioro Otmuchowskie
3353:Czechowice-Dziedzice
2729:Polska Akademia Nauk
2719:Basara, Jan (1975).
2450:Z. Greń, 2000, p. 34
2441:Z. Greń, 2000, p. 33
2388:Z. Greń, 2000, p. 51
2379:Z. Greń, 2000, p. 42
2370:Z. Greń, 2000, p. 62
2331:Z. Greń, 2000, p. 17
2278:Piotr Rybka (2017).
2039:Zahradnik, Stanisław
1886:(Silesian-Moravian).
1831:By the 17th century
808:východolašská nářečí
788:Age of Enlightenment
775:and, more recently,
569:first Polish, rural
441:cancellaria bohemica
372:narzecze cieszyńskie
251:narzecze cieszyńskie
55:Silesian Voivodeship
6027:Languages of Poland
5866:Pan-Slavic language
5665:Burgenland Croatian
5545:Marcho-Magdeburgian
5142:Old Church Slavonic
4499:Katowice urban area
4407:Lubusz Voivodeships
3943:Przedgórze Sudeckie
3913:Jelenia Góra valley
3070:Petrovice u Karviné
2140:Hannan 1996, p. 129
2126:Hannan 1996, p. 162
2117:Hannan 1996, p. 191
1903:, and Bludowicze —
1769:posvěť se jméno Tvé
1629:
836:
665:Tygodnik Cieszyński
368:schlesisch-polnisch
235:(Cieszyn Silesian:
65:), Czech Republic (
5952:Illič-Svityč's law
5932:Monophthongization
5440:Camaldolese Slovak
5253:Canadian Ukrainian
5119:Up to Proto-Slavic
5112:Proto-Balto-Slavic
4946:Unofficial anthems
3963:Silesian Przesieka
3953:Silesian Foothills
3534:Międzyrzecze Górne
3529:Międzyrzecze Dolne
3277:
3270:
3033:Mosty u Jablunkova
2647:Hannan 1996 p. 154
2624:Hannan 1996, p. 91
2615:Hannan 1996, p. 90
2597:Kellner 1949, p. 5
2237:Hannan 1996, p. 77
2188:Hannan 1996, p. 88
1833:canonical visitors
1628:
1564:pastoral lifestyle
1535:
834:
650:
603:Kingdom of Prussia
599:First Silesian War
405:Kingdom of Bohemia
397:Diocese of Wrocław
295:. It is spoken in
225:
212:
6017:Silesian language
6004:
6003:
5997:extinct languages
5828:Solombala English
5759:
5758:
5682:Prekmurje Slovene
5595:
5594:
5375:
5374:
5229:Doukhobor Russian
5152:Glagolitic script
5061:
5060:
5039:
5038:
5021:
5020:
4977:
4976:
4916:
4915:
4857:
4856:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4554:Rybnik Coal Areas
4545:Industrial Region
4472:
4471:
4459:
4458:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4240:
4239:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4222:
3958:Silesian Lowlands
3884:
3883:
3869:Battle of Leuthen
3864:Battle of Legnica
3852:Treaty of Teschen
3847:Treaty of Dresden
3755:
3754:
3715:
3714:
3693:
3260:
3259:
3226:
2944:Horní Domaslavice
2892:Dolní Domaslavice
2542:Hannan, pp. 85–87
2471:978-83-935147-3-1
2261:978-83-926929-5-9
2221:978-83-926929-5-9
2197:Hannan 1996, p. 5
2019:(in Czech). Brno.
1804:
1803:
1658:bóndź wola Twoja,
1633:Cieszyn Silesian
1623:The Lord's Prayer
1610:, who wrote in a
1503:
1502:
1412:
1384:
959:can appear soft (
945:
944:
752:dialect continuum
639:Leopold Szersznik
273:Silesian dialects
269:ćeszyński djalekt
203:
191:
190:
16:(Redirected from
6039:
5898:Slavonic-Serbian
5749:Cieszyn Silesian
5620:Carpathian Rusyn
5608:
5386:
5275:
5160:Modern languages
5095:Slavic languages
5088:
5081:
5074:
5065:
5051:
5050:
5034:
5029:
5006:Marsz Autōnōmije
4925:
4886:
4885:(Lower Silesian)
4883:Silesian German
4866:
4849:Silesian Stadium
4679:
4629:Regional costume
4608:
4601:
4590:
4489:
4478:
4467:
4370:Jeseník District
4363:
4345:Austrian Silesia
4318:Silesia Province
4264:
4257:
4246:
4235:
4087:
4045:Silesian Beskids
4014:Jezioro Sławskie
3903:
3890:
3858:Book of Henryków
3798:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3759:
3737:Duchy of Teschen
3720:Related articles
3691:
3688:
3519:Marklowice Górne
3469:Kończyce Wielkie
3224:
3221:
2959:Horní Tošanovice
2907:Dolní Tošanovice
2817:
2810:
2803:
2794:
2777:
2771:
2763:
2740:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2663:
2657:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2634:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2571:Bělič, Jaromír.
2568:
2562:
2561:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2417:
2411:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2341:
2332:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2284:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2226:
2225:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2154:
2141:
2138:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2076:
2069:
2054:
2043:Korzenie Zaolzia
2034:
2028:
2020:
2011:
1989:
1966:
1949:Dialekty Polskie
1934:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1893:
1887:
1876:Reginald Kneifel
1872:
1866:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1829:
1630:
1608:Ondra Łysohorsky
1588:Władysław Młynek
1495:
1484:
1464:
1457:
1423:
1410:
1395:
1382:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1322:
1315:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1226:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1186:
1170:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1125:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1073:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1034:
1027:
978:
958:
955:, and the vowel
950:
939:
923:
914:
900:
893:
877:
868:
837:
810:
773:Lachian dialects
769:language contact
765:
677:
669:Andrzej Cinciała
662:
637:"), even though
619:Austrian Silesia
592:language barrier
554:
543:
512:Silesian Beskids
386:The language of
336:cieszyńsko rzecz
271:) is one of the
253:
245:gwara cieszyńska
237:cieszyńsko rzecz
204:
184:
172:
144:Cieszyn Silesian
108:
44:cieszyńsko rzecz
38:Teschen Silesian
33:Cieszyn Silesian
30:
21:
6047:
6046:
6042:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6007:
6006:
6005:
6000:
5986:
5909:
5903:
5857:
5850:
5780:Bohemian Romani
5765:Mixed languages
5755:
5732:Pannonian Rusyn
5713:
5655:Banat Bulgarian
5641:
5603:
5591:
5561:
5459:
5451:Pannonian Rusyn
5371:
5314:
5296:
5264:
5224:Alaskan Russian
5199:Old Novgorodian
5192:Old East Slavic
5165:
5147:Cyrillic script
5137:Church Slavonic
5097:
5092:
5062:
5057:
5035:
5017:
4973:
4941:
4912:
4884:
4853:
4822:
4786:
4675:
4648:
4595:
4576:
4560:
4550:Ostrava-Karviná
4513:
4483:
4468:
4455:
4421:
4388:
4354:
4350:Eastern Silesia
4251:
4236:
4219:
4176:
4113:
4078:
4028:
3992:
3968:Silesian Upland
3897:
3880:
3805:
3792:
3786:
3756:
3751:
3711:
3686:
3284:
3278:
3256:
3219:
2939:Horní Bludovice
2832:
2826:
2824:Cieszyn Silesia
2821:
2784:
2764:
2760:
2743:
2718:
2715:
2713:Further reading
2710:
2709:
2701:
2699:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2472:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2418:
2414:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2317:
2315:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2144:
2139:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2037:
2021:
2014:
2008:
1992:
1986:
1969:
1963:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1894:
1890:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1841:concio Moravica
1830:
1826:
1821:
1809:
1736:bądź wola Twoja
1697:bydź wola Twoja
1620:
1572:
1544:Silesian German
1531:Gorolski Święto
1519:
1327:
1267:
1222:
1182:
1132:
1087:
1030:
1025:
992:
973:
829:
824:
756:Silesian Polish
748:
739:
720:Polish minority
716:
671:
656:
623:Habsburg Empire
548:
537:
388:Cieszyn Silesia
384:
348:concio Polonica
342:, which means "
332:
316:Polish minority
297:Cieszyn Silesia
261:těšínské nářečí
193:
187:
168:
158:
109:
106:Language family
104:
82:Cieszyn Silesia
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6045:
6043:
6035:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6009:
6008:
6002:
6001:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5984:
5979:
5977:Van Wijk's law
5974:
5972:Ruki sound law
5969:
5967:Pedersen's law
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5913:
5911:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5894:
5887:
5880:
5875:
5874:
5873:
5862:
5860:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5848:
5843:
5836:
5831:
5824:
5817:
5812:
5810:Romano-Serbian
5807:
5802:
5797:
5790:
5783:
5775:
5769:
5767:
5761:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5752:
5751:
5741:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5727:Eastern Slovak
5723:
5721:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5706:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5657:
5651:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5616:
5614:
5605:
5601:Microlanguages
5597:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5577:
5571:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5483:
5472:East Lechitic
5469:
5467:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5446:Eastern Slovak
5443:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5427:White Croatian
5424:
5419:
5412:
5405:
5403:Biblical Czech
5394:
5392:
5383:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5335:Serbo-Croatian
5332:
5324:
5322:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5306:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5281:
5272:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5240:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5211:
5204:
5203:
5202:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5175:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5134:
5122:
5115:
5107:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5068:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5009:
5008:
4998:
4991:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4964:
4957:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4928:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4875:
4869:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4749:
4742:
4735:
4728:
4721:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4671:
4664:
4658:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4611:
4605:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4547:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4504:Metropolis GZM
4501:
4495:
4493:
4492:Socioeconomics
4485:
4484:
4481:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4442:
4440:
4438:constituencies
4431:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4402:Lower Silesian
4398:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4377:
4372:
4366:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4315:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4270:
4268:
4261:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4186:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4095:
4093:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3983:Wał Trzebnicki
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3948:Silesian Walls
3945:
3940:
3938:Oświęcim Basin
3935:
3933:Ostrava Valley
3930:
3925:
3920:
3918:Kłodzko Valley
3915:
3909:
3907:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3794:
3793:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3762:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3696:
3694:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3620:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3349:
3344:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3283:Municipalities
3280:
3279:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3131:
3126:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2998:Komorní Lhotka
2995:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2835:Czech Republic
2831:Municipalities
2828:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2783:
2782:External links
2780:
2779:
2778:
2758:
2741:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2683:
2658:
2649:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2563:
2544:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2501:
2477:
2470:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2425:
2412:
2410:, Kraków, 1956
2399:
2390:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2333:
2324:
2300:
2267:
2260:
2239:
2227:
2220:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2142:
2128:
2119:
2107:
2095:
2086:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2035:
2012:
2006:
1990:
1984:
1967:
1961:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1926:
1917:
1888:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1619:
1616:
1571:
1568:
1518:
1515:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1324:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
986:
981:
972:
969:
943:
942:
940:
933:
931:
925:
924:
917:
915:
908:
902:
901:
894:
887:
885:
879:
878:
871:
869:
862:
856:
855:
850:
845:
840:
828:
825:
823:
820:
747:
746:Classification
744:
738:
735:
715:
712:
654:Paweł Stalmach
472:spirantization
383:
380:
364:Wasserpolnisch
360:diluted Polish
344:in our own way
331:
328:
208:Czech Republic
189:
188:
185:
177:
176:
173:
165:
164:
163:Language codes
160:
159:
157:
156:
155:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
149:
148:
147:
146:
112:
110:
103:
100:
99:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
67:[Frýdek-Místek
51:
50:Native to
47:
46:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6044:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6012:
5998:
5994:
5989:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5962:Meillet's law
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5906:
5900:
5899:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5888:
5886:
5885:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5853:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5841:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5829:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5795:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5782:
5781:
5778:20th century
5776:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5710:
5707:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5697:Slavomolisano
5695:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5638:
5637:West Polesian
5635:
5633:
5630:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5609:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5581:
5580:Lower Sorbian
5578:
5576:
5575:Upper Sorbian
5573:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5540:West Lechitic
5538:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5524:
5521:
5515:
5514:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5500:
5499:Middle Polish
5496:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5368:
5365:
5361:
5360:Slavomolisano
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5329:Alpine Slavic
5326:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5259:
5258:Simple speech
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5184:Simple speech
5182:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5089:
5084:
5082:
5077:
5075:
5070:
5069:
5066:
5054:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5033:
5028:
5014:
5011:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4970:
4969:
4968:Slezská hymna
4965:
4963:
4962:
4961:Schlesierlied
4958:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4932:Coats of arms
4930:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4919:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4893:Lach dialects
4891:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4753:Modrŏ kapusta
4750:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4677:(ciapkapusta)
4672:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4663:
4662:Black noodles
4660:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4591:
4587:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4479:
4475:
4466:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4432:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4328:Lower Silesia
4326:
4324:
4323:Upper Silesia
4321:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4313:State country
4311:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4247:
4243:
4234:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4099:Divoká Orlice
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3783:
3778:
3776:
3771:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3701:Bielsko-Biała
3698:
3697:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3464:Kończyce Małe
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:Górki Wielkie
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3239:Frýdek-Místek
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2829:
2825:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2761:
2755:
2751:
2748:(in Polish).
2747:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2723:(in Polish).
2722:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2160:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2065:
2058:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2007:0-8204-3365-9
2003:
1999:
1995:
1994:Hannan, Kevin
1991:
1987:
1985:83-86619-09-0
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1962:83-04-04129-4
1958:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1775:Buď vůle Tvá,
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1604:Aniela Kupiec
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:Józef Ondrusz
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1511:alveo-palatal
1508:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
979:
976:
970:
968:
966:
962:
954:
941:
938:
934:
932:
930:
927:
926:
922:
918:
916:
913:
909:
907:
904:
903:
899:
895:
892:
888:
886:
884:
881:
880:
876:
872:
870:
867:
863:
861:
858:
857:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
838:
832:
826:
821:
819:
817:
812:
809:
804:
803:Adolf Kellner
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
764:
757:
753:
745:
743:
736:
734:
731:
729:
725:
721:
713:
711:
709:
705:
700:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
675:
670:
666:
660:
655:
646:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
615:Wasserpolaken
612:
608:
607:Upper Silesia
604:
600:
595:
593:
587:
584:
579:
577:
573:
572:
566:
562:
558:
552:
547:
546:Robert Mrózek
541:
536:
532:
526:
524:
520:
519:state country
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
469:
468:Moravian-Lach
465:
461:
457:
452:
450:
446:
442:
436:
434:
430:
429:Upper Hungary
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:Moravian Gate
406:
402:
401:Piast dynasty
398:
394:
389:
381:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
329:
327:
325:
319:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
252:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
222:
221:
220:Rest in peace
216:
209:
183:
178:
174:
171:
166:
161:
145:
142:
141:
140:
137:
136:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
126:
125:
122:
121:
120:
117:
116:
115:
114:Indo-European
111:
107:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
5992:
5982:Winter's law
5942:Havlík's law
5896:
5889:
5882:
5838:
5826:
5819:
5794:Mednyj Aleut
5792:
5785:
5777:
5748:
5647:South Slavic
5604:and dialects
5511:
5497:
5490:
5438:
5414:
5409:Czechoslovak
5407:
5390:Czech-Slovak
5327:
5302:Transitional
5270:South Slavic
5206:
5197:
5190:
5158:
5126:Proto-Slavic
5124:
5117:
5110:
4993:
4989:Demographics
4982:Other topics
4966:
4959:
4952:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4760:Siymiyniotka
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4731:
4723:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4666:
4619:
4615:Architecture
4552: /
4394:Voivodeships
4382: /
4260:Subdivisions
4162:Nysa Kłodzka
3873:
3856:
3742:Olza (river)
3731:
3699:
3682:Zebrzydowice
3644:
3622:
3618:Świętoszówka
3610:
3603:
3509:Leszna Górna
3351:
3339:
3244:
3237:
3202:
3175:
3133:
3121:
3074:
3057:
2990:
2973:
2926:
2902:Dolní Lutyně
2874:
2852:
2745:
2720:
2700:, retrieved
2698:, 2024-07-21
2695:
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2670:
2661:
2652:
2629:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2593:
2581:. Retrieved
2576:
2566:
2557:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2520:
2511:
2487:
2480:
2461:
2455:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2420:
2419:J. Wronicz,
2415:
2407:
2406:J. Wantuła,
2402:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2345:
2327:
2316:. Retrieved
2312:
2303:
2286:
2251:
2242:
2211:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2163:. Retrieved
2122:
2102:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2067:
2042:
2016:
1997:
1971:
1948:
1929:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1896:
1891:
1883:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1840:
1827:
1621:
1618:Example text
1600:Adam Wawrosz
1596:Karol Piegza
1580:Paweł Kubisz
1576:Adolf Fierla
1573:
1536:
1504:
999:Postalveolar
974:
965:vowel length
953:nasal vowels
946:
830:
813:
800:
791:
781:
777:Common Czech
760:
749:
740:
732:
717:
699:World War II
696:
691:
688:Eduard Suess
651:
634:
610:
596:
588:
586:
581:
568:
564:
560:
556:
535:Leon Derlich
527:
510:reached the
501:
496:
492:
488:
480:
476:
459:
456:nasal vowels
453:
440:
437:
431:(modern day
385:
371:
367:
359:
355:
347:
343:
339:
335:
333:
320:
309:
268:
248:
236:
232:
228:
226:
218:
143:
119:Balto-Slavic
43:
5957:Ivšić's law
5884:Army Slavic
5871:Interslavic
5856:Constructed
5719:West Slavic
5612:East Slavic
5381:West Slavic
5350:Montenegrin
5171:East Slavic
4674:Panczkraut
4340:New Silesia
4335:Sudetenland
4301:politicians
3539:Międzyświeć
3524:Mazańcowice
3409:Harbutowice
3252:Staré Hamry
3210:Vyšní Lhoty
3183:Václavovice
3151:Staré Město
3043:Nižní Lhoty
2954:Horní Suchá
2949:Horní Lomná
2897:Dolní Lomná
2887:Dětmarovice
2876:Český Těšín
2843:Albrechtice
2093:Hannan 1996
1913:Blandowicze
1911:(1268) and
1584:Jerzy Rucki
1560:East Slavic
1439:Approximant
1032:palatalized
1004:Pre-palatal
961:palatalized
704:World War I
672: [
657: [
549: [
538: [
491:instead of
479:instead of
423:, and from
129:West Slavic
6011:Categories
5947:Hirt's law
5937:Dybo's law
5908:Historical
5821:Russenorsk
5800:Ponaschemu
5692:Shtokavian
5632:Podlachian
5533:Slovincian
5523:Pomeranian
5492:Old Polish
5292:Macedonian
5179:Belarusian
4719:Kopalnioki
4706:Karminadle
4296:parliament
4157:Mała Panew
4040:Carpathian
3814:Offensives
3747:Trans-Olza
3635:Wilamowice
3630:Wieszczęta
3584:Roztropice
3489:Kozakowice
3479:Kostkowice
3444:Jaworzynka
3424:Iskrzyczyn
3389:Górki Małe
3369:Dzięgielów
3305:Bielowicko
3300:Bażanowice
3146:Soběšovice
3018:Malenovice
2848:Bocanovice
2702:2024-08-04
2502:0415252938
2318:2022-04-20
2248:Idzi Panic
2208:Idzi Panic
1941:References
1882:river was
1570:Literature
1517:Vocabulary
971:Consonants
597:After the
460:Dambonczal
340:po naszymu
324:diachronic
312:Trans-Olza
277:Old Polish
73:districts)
5995:indicate
5910:phonology
5858:languages
5846:Trasianka
5672:Kajkavian
5660:Chakavian
5585:Schleifer
5528:Kashubian
5310:Torlakian
5287:Bulgarian
5243:Ukrainian
5208:Ruthenian
5013:Silesians
4862:Languages
4774:Wodziōnka
4699:Hauskyjza
4210:Pszczynka
4033:Mountains
3895:Geography
3819:Uprisings
3569:Pogwizdów
3559:Pierściec
3554:Ogrodzona
3434:Jasienica
3379:Godziszów
3374:Frelichów
3364:Drogomyśl
3347:Cisownica
3330:Brzezówka
3215:Žermanice
3198:Vojkovice
3171:Třanovice
3141:Smilovice
3102:Raškovice
3003:Košařiska
2975:Jablunkov
2917:Dobratice
2860:Bruzovice
2768:cite book
2583:8 October
2558:23391 III
2358:0208-6336
2059:Footnotes
2051:177389723
2025:cite book
1905:Bludovice
1880:Ostravice
1636:Silesian
1556:Hungarian
1411:fricative
1269:voiceless
1263:Fricative
1184:voiceless
1178:Affricate
1089:voiceless
883:Close-mid
822:Phonology
796:Ostravice
576:Cisownica
571:bookplate
565:piśmiorze
485:Ogrodzona
170:ISO 639-3
92:Silesians
88:Ethnicity
5891:Iazychie
5815:Runglish
5773:Balachka
5744:Silesian
5702:Bunjevac
5550:Polabian
5507:Silesian
5486:dialects
5481:Masurian
5465:Lechitic
5422:Moravian
5345:Croatian
5248:dialects
5219:dialects
5053:Category
4903:Moravian
4898:Silesian
4791:Religion
4732:Krupniok
4518:Industry
4451:Silesian
4417:Silesian
4306:treasury
4250:Politics
4205:Przemsza
4200:Gostynia
4152:Liswarta
4142:Kłodnica
3672:Zarzecze
3667:Zamarski
3652:Zabłocie
3612:Strumień
3599:Simoradz
3474:Koniaków
3459:Kisielów
3419:Iłownica
3399:Grodziec
3384:Goleszów
3359:Dębowiec
3315:Bładnice
3204:Vratimov
3193:Vendryně
3188:Vělopolí
3166:Těrlicko
3129:Sedliště
3123:Rychvald
3076:Petřvald
3065:Pazderna
3048:Nošovice
2986:Kaňovice
2981:Janovice
2922:Doubrava
2882:Chotěbuz
2870:Bystřice
2676:20 April
2577:Naše řeč
1996:(1996).
1909:Dambrowa
1901:Doubrava
1813:Tutejszy
1807:See also
1552:Albanian
1540:cognates
994:Alveolar
906:Open-mid
631:Moravian
557:de facto
497:Dombrowa
493:Ohrazena
489:Ogrozena
477:Dubowiec
464:Dębowiec
433:Slovakia
395:and the
352:Moravian
265:Silesian
139:Silesian
134:Lechitic
53:Poland (
5993:Italics
5878:Lydnevi
5834:Surzhyk
5567:Sorbian
5416:Knaanic
5367:Slovene
5355:Serbian
5340:Bosnian
5320:Western
5279:Eastern
5214:Russian
5103:History
4921:Symbols
4739:Makōwki
4654:Cuisine
4621:Familŏk
4604:Culture
4594:Society
4572:Tourism
4565:Tourism
4482:Economy
4384:Görlitz
4359:Current
4274:Duchies
4195:Brynica
4182:Vistula
4137:Kaczawa
4072:Western
4067:Central
4062:Eastern
4057:Sudetes
3875:more...
3803:History
3789:Silesia
3677:Zbytków
3662:Zabrzeg
3657:Zaborze
3640:Wiślica
3605:Skoczów
3594:Rudzica
3574:Pruchna
3564:Pogórze
3454:Kiczyce
3449:Kaczyce
3439:Jaworze
3429:Istebna
3414:Hażlach
3341:Cieszyn
3246:Ostrava
3161:Střítež
3156:Stonava
3112:Řepiště
3082:Písečná
3028:Morávka
3023:Milíkov
2992:Karviná
2934:Hnojník
2928:Havířov
2865:Bukovec
2854:Bohumín
2833:in the
2737:2531024
2725:Wrocław
2692:"fater"
2352:: 306.
2165:27 June
1897:Dubrawa
1845:Bielsko
1837:Breslau
1639:Polish
1612:Lachian
1548:Romance
1507:Havířov
1472:Lateral
1083:Plosive
1019:Glottal
1009:Palatal
848:Central
835:Vowels
798:River.
724:Karviná
531:Fryštát
481:Dubovec
449:Bohemia
425:Wrocław
393:Silesia
382:History
71:Karviná
63:Bielsko
59:Cieszyn
5805:Quelia
5687:Resian
5476:Polish
5434:Slovak
5131:Accent
4908:Polish
4878:German
4767:Szałŏt
4746:Moczka
4725:Kreple
4713:Kołŏcz
4692:Galert
4685:Klōzki
4279:Piasts
4267:Former
4127:Barycz
4104:Jizera
4083:Rivers
4019:Nyskie
3832:Second
3791:topics
3707:Bystra
3624:Ustroń
3589:Rudnik
3579:Puńców
3549:Ochaby
3514:Ligota
3499:Landek
3494:Łączka
3484:Kowale
3335:Chybie
3325:Bronów
3320:Brenna
3287:Poland
3177:Třinec
3117:Ropice
3092:Pražmo
3059:Orlová
3013:Lučina
3008:Krásná
2969:Hrčava
2964:Hrádek
2756:
2750:Ustroń
2735:
2499:
2468:
2423:, 1975
2356:
2258:
2218:
2049:
2004:
1982:
1959:
1642:Czech
1329:voiced
1224:voiced
1134:voiced
989:Dental
984:Labial
827:Vowels
714:Status
516:Frýdek
508:Vlachs
506:) the
504:Brenna
421:Kraków
417:Vienna
413:Prague
376:Gorals
301:Polish
293:Slovak
285:German
241:Polish
124:Slavic
96:Vlachs
78:Region
69:&
61:&
5739:Goral
5677:Pomak
5625:Lemko
5398:Czech
5238:Rusyn
4937:Flags
4873:Czech
4827:Sport
4668:Bryja
4412:Opole
4284:dukes
4190:Biała
4172:Ślęza
4147:Kwisa
3997:Lakes
3906:Areas
3836:Third
3828:First
3646:Wisła
3544:Mnich
3404:Gumna
3310:Biery
3295:Bąków
3233:Baška
3135:Šenov
3097:Pržno
3087:Písek
3053:Nýdek
3038:Návsí
2912:Dobrá
2283:(PDF)
1835:from
1819:Notes
1798:Amen.
1759:Amen.
1720:Amyn.
1681:Amen.
1527:Czech
1383:plain
1378:Trill
1040:Nasal
1026:plain
1014:Velar
860:Close
843:Front
684:Opava
676:]
661:]
583:(...)
553:]
542:]
483:, or
305:Czech
289:Vlach
281:Czech
257:Czech
5555:Rani
5513:Lach
4215:Rawa
4167:Olza
4132:Bóbr
4119:Oder
4091:Elbe
3824:Wars
3504:Łazy
3107:Řeka
2774:link
2754:ISBN
2733:OCLC
2678:2021
2585:2017
2497:ISBN
2466:ISBN
2354:ISSN
2256:ISBN
2216:ISBN
2167:2019
2047:OCLC
2031:link
2002:ISBN
1980:ISBN
1957:ISBN
1602:and
1558:and
929:Open
853:Back
726:and
633:" ("
627:Brno
358:"),
354:" ("
330:Name
291:and
283:and
227:The
4781:Żur
4109:Úpa
3285:in
2493:119
2293:).
2291:Dr.
2075:szl
1529:at
1249:d͡ʑ
1242:d͡ʒ
1235:d͡z
1209:t͡ɕ
1202:t͡ʃ
1195:t͡s
957:/ɨ/
949:/o/
487:as
435:).
427:to
419:to
415:or
247:or
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