170:
1061:
38:
426:'s perennial need, timber for the navy, was relatively short, it left important marks in such areas as the introduction of industrial-scale cotton production and new arrivals into the population tissue of the region. Cottonpickers of Çukurova still start their workday with prayers for the memory of İbrahim Pasha, and the locally influent
718:, is known for having an ecosystem different from the Mediterranean. The main species of trees around Kengerliduz are beech, oak and fir, and around Tekkoz are hornbeam, ash, beach, black pine and silver birch. The main animal species in the area are wild goat, roe deer, bear, hyena, wild cat, wagtail, wolf, jackal and fox.
689:
covers an area of 16,430 hectares within the Seyhan-Ceyhan delta, with its lakes, lagoons and wide collection of plant and animal species. The area is an important location for many species of migrating birds, the number gets higher during the winters when the lakes become a shelter when other lakes
545:
The Çukurova plain has some of the most fertile soil in the world in which 3 harvests can be taken each year. The region has the second richest flora in the world and it is the producer of all agricultural products of Turkey except hazelnut and tobacco. Çukurova leads Turkey in soy, peanuts and corn
678:
is a large wildlife refuge which acts as a stopover for migratory birds voyaging from Africa to Europe. The wildlife refuge has a 14,700-hectare (36,000-acre) area made up of forests, lagoon, marsh, sandy and reedy lands. Akyatan lake is a natural wonder with endemic plants and endangered bird
394:
pursued a policy aimed at settling these populations in permanent settlements; the process was more or less complete in the 19th century, although it involved many difficulties and much tension especially for the
577:
are some of the towns in the region where fishing is the major source of income. Gray mullet, red mullet, sea bass, lagos, calamari and gilt-head bream are some of the most popular fish in the region. There are
496:
and it was divided into two parts, Uru
Adaniya (flat Cilicia) and western Cilicia (Tarza), which was also known as the mountainous Cilicia. The gates which allow passage from Çukurova into the Central
461:
Province. The borders of the
Vilayet of Adana are similar to today's Çukurova region. Throughout the last remaining years of Ottoman rule, the region served as an important base for the
679:
species living in it together with other species of plants and animals. 250 species of birds are observed during a study in 1990. The conservation area is located 30 km south of
228:
were prevalent in
Kizzuwatna during the Bronze Age. The exact time of the Hittite conquest of Kizzuwatna is unknown but the scholars think that the region was incorporated into the
274:, Šunaššura, Eḫeya, Palliya and Padditaššu are the names of the Kizzuwatna kings that can be found in Hittite tablets. After the collapse of the Hittite Empire, a
312:
Syria, weakened by a bloody civil war, offered their allegiance to the ambitious
Armenian king. During the Roman and early Byzantine Empires, the capital of the
528:
constitute other important points of passage. The region is included in the
Mediterranean region of Turkey, and it borders Central Anatolia (historical
740:). It is impossible to make a reference to Çukurova without mentioning the internationally acclaimed author who gave the region legendary dimensions,
472:
as a major port also began during this period. As a result, the cities of the region became prominent centers of trade, farming and industry. Today,
726:
Culturally, the life and the hardships faced by the ordinary people of Çukurova was brought to the screen by many
Turkish film directors including
1101:
586:
lakes and at Seyhan
Reservoir. While not as common as other forms of agriculture, dairy and livestock are also produced throughout the region.
169:
434:, rose to notability by acting as middlemen for the Pasha. Among other families still prominent today and that had risen with the cotton boom,
1091:
762:
270:
strengthened the
Hurrian influence in the region and also increased the importance of the region among the provinces of the Hittite Empire.
1106:
1096:
934:
1011:
1032:
693:
757:
782:
van den Hout, Theo (2007). "Institutions, Vernaculars, Publics: The Case of Second-Millennium
Anatolia". In Sanders, Seth (ed.).
297:
340:
332:
213:
205:
411:
348:
550:
is the only sub-tropical area of Turkey where bananas, mango, kiwi and other sub-tropical produce can be harvested.
1051:
344:
1086:
181:), a late Hittite rock relief reminds of the presence of the Hittites in Çukurova (Cilician Plain). It shows the
430:
family, with notable descendants till our day, including Turkey's foreign minister during the Second World War,
155:
313:
745:
403:
546:
harvest and is a major producer of fruits and vegetables. Half of Turkey's citrus export is from Çukurova.
431:
407:
150:
117:
260:
182:
145:
263:
1081:
893:
852:
686:
131:
427:
363:
275:
256:
217:
447:
443:
233:
178:
958:
Tahir Sezen "Osmanlı yer adları" sf. 6, T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü (2006).
915:
874:
810:
325:
293:
727:
31:
439:
435:
938:
829:
336:
98:
50:
331:
The region became an early battleground between Muslim and
Christian forces during the early
905:
864:
501:
454:
415:
352:
321:
244:
225:
121:
69:
396:
309:
221:
90:
42:
660:
reserves are very rich in Çukurova. The region is home to four lime manufacturing plants.
834:
La Cilicie: Espaces et pouvoirs locaux (IIe millénaire av. J.-C. – IVe siècle ap. J.-C.)
351:. Throughout the Armenian period, the region was ruled by members of the royal Armenian
741:
675:
651:
521:
505:
391:
317:
305:
102:
94:
54:
46:
1075:
1065:
919:
878:
583:
566:
525:
509:
379:
30:
This article is about a plain in Turkey. For the district municipality in Adana, see
830:"Kizzuwatna and Tarẖuntašša: Their Historical Evolution and Interactions with Hatti"
371:
267:
697:
666:
resources are the richest in Turkey. 14% of the country's reserves are in Çukurova.
603:
462:
375:
359:
185:
174:
613:
968:
732:
579:
562:
387:
367:
715:
574:
570:
529:
517:
513:
383:
197:
193:
17:
252:
657:
641:
489:
285:
271:
910:
869:
37:
705:
701:
647:
609:
558:
554:
497:
493:
414:
convened to settle the question, Çukurova remained under the rule of the
229:
201:
814:
798:
144:". The oldest recorded use of the name in Turkish can be traced back to
990:
289:
279:
209:
82:
516:
which connects the region to the southeast (to the modern district of
192:
The region's recorded history dates back over 6,000 years. During the
663:
623:
619:
547:
477:
469:
458:
301:
248:
86:
480:, and a vital center of many agricultural products such as cotton.
680:
627:
553:Çukurova is the second largest honey producer in Turkey after the
473:
423:
419:
168:
141:
784:
Margins of Writing, Origins of Cultures (OIS 2 – second printing)
799:"The History of Kizzuwatna and the Date of the Šunaššura Treaty"
637:
633:
599:
595:
335:, and was conquered in the 8th century and remained part of the
894:"Hurrian and Luwian Elements in the Kizzuwatna Religious Texts"
853:"Hurrian and Luwian Elements in the Kizzuwatna Religious Texts"
382:
settled in the region's northern parts under the direction of
216:, it was a mixed Luwian-Hurrian region. Hence, these two
532:) to the north, and Southeastern Anatolia to the east.
386:. Those who preserved the nomadic lifestyle were named
1049:
457:(Adana Province) was incorporated after splitting up
320:, where Mark Antony met Cleopatra, and birthplace of
300:
briefly expanded and conquered a vast region in the
292:dates back to the first century BC, when under
81:in antiquity), is a large fertile plain in the
362:captured the region in the 12th century, many
135:
125:
8:
89:. The plain covers the easternmost areas of
406:leaving the territorial gains acquired by
909:
868:
704:Province. The park include the Karatepe
266:'s marriage to the Kizzuwatna priestess
200:. As an area located between the native
36:
1056:
774:
488:Historically, the region was known as
341:reconquered by Byzantine forces in 962
328:, among other important missionaries.
730:, especially in his 1970 masterpiece
255:form the main couple of gods in both
236:. Kizzuwatna plain was also known as
68:
7:
410:to his administration till the 1841
243:Kizzuwatnan religion was similar to
1033:"Tekkoz-Kengerlidüz Nature Reserve"
763:List of municipalities in Çukurova
25:
1035:. Ministry of Culture and Tourism
1014:. Ministry of Culture and Tourism
758:List of alluvial plains of Turkey
712:Tekköz-Kengerlidüz Nature Reserve
708:fortress and an open-air museum.
606:-Horzum seam is the major source.
1059:
828:Jasink, Anna Margherita (2001).
744:. The popular Turkish TV series
694:Karatepe-Aslantaş National Park
214:Mediterranean coast of Anatolia
1102:Landforms of Osmaniye Province
714:, located 30 km north of
390:. As of the 18th century, the
1:
333:Muslim conquest of the Levant
316:was the important seaport of
177:near the village of Sirkeli (
1092:Landforms of Mersin Province
935:"King Tigran II – The Great"
898:Altorientalische Forschungen
857:Altorientalische Forschungen
696:located on the west bank of
671:Parks and conservation areas
1107:Landforms of Hatay Province
1097:Landforms of Adana Province
1012:"Yumurtalık Nature Reserve"
748:is set in Çukurova, Adana.
722:Çukurova in popular culture
582:farms in Akyatan, Akyağan,
476:is the 5th largest city of
349:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
1123:
343:. Shortly after, in 1080,
196:, the region was known as
148:'s late 15th century work
29:
687:Yumurtalık Nature Reserve
418:. Although the period of
232:even before the reign of
508:of antiquity, is called
173:On the west bank of the
892:Görke, Susanne (2022).
851:Görke, Susanne (2022).
450:families can be cited.
282:emerged in the region.
259:. In the late 1270s BC
93:, southern and central
27:Fertile Plain in Turkey
911:10.1515/aofo-2022-0011
870:10.1515/aofo-2022-0011
797:Beal, Richard (1986).
690:further north freeze.
408:Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt
189:
136:
126:
66:Turkish pronunciation:
58:
969:"Türkiye'de Arıcılık"
746:Bir Zamanlar Çukurova
622:resources are around
404:Convention of Kütahya
206:Southeastern Anatolia
172:
40:
991:"Adana gezi rehberi"
650:mines are mostly in
500:Plateau through the
218:indigenous languages
151:Tevârîh-i Âl-i Osman
70:[tʃuˈkuɾova]
41:Çukurova imposed on
941:on 21 February 2007
786:. pp. 221–262.
468:The development of
432:Numan Menemencioğlu
422:rule, motivated by
314:Province of Cilicia
276:neo-Hittite kingdom
85:region of southern
326:Theodore of Tarsus
298:Kingdom of Armenia
294:Tigranes the Great
261:Hittite Great King
190:
183:Hittite Great King
59:
536:Natural resources
412:London Conference
402:Between the 1832
337:Abbasid Caliphate
101:and northwestern
99:Osmaniye Province
16:(Redirected from
1114:
1087:Plains of Turkey
1064:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
987:
981:
980:
978:
976:
965:
959:
956:
950:
949:
947:
946:
937:. Archived from
930:
924:
923:
913:
889:
883:
882:
872:
848:
842:
841:
825:
819:
818:
794:
788:
787:
779:
636:is found around
612:is found around
502:Taurus Mountains
455:Vilayet of Adana
416:Khedive of Egypt
353:House of Lampron
322:Paul the Apostle
304:. In 83 BC, the
245:Hurrian religion
159:
139:
129:
72:
67:
21:
1122:
1121:
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1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1111:
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1036:
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1026:
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989:
988:
984:
974:
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967:
966:
962:
957:
953:
944:
942:
932:
931:
927:
891:
890:
886:
850:
849:
845:
827:
826:
822:
796:
795:
791:
781:
780:
776:
771:
754:
724:
673:
592:
543:
538:
486:
397:Ottoman dynasty
308:aristocracy of
208:and the native
167:
153:
111:
91:Mersin Province
65:
35:
32:Çukurova, Adana
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1120:
1118:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1046:
1045:
1024:
1003:
982:
960:
951:
925:
884:
843:
820:
789:
773:
772:
770:
767:
766:
765:
760:
753:
750:
723:
720:
683:, near Tuzla.
676:Akyatan Lagoon
672:
669:
668:
667:
661:
655:
652:Hatay Province
645:
631:
617:
607:
591:
588:
542:
539:
537:
534:
522:Hatay Province
506:Cilician Gates
485:
482:
392:Ottoman Empire
230:Hittite Empire
188:(1290–1272 BC)
166:
163:
110:
107:
103:Hatay Province
95:Adana Province
79:Cilicia Pedias
75:Cilician Plain
26:
24:
18:Cilician plain
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1119:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1067:
1057:
1053:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1013:
1007:
1004:
992:
986:
983:
970:
964:
961:
955:
952:
940:
936:
929:
926:
921:
917:
912:
907:
903:
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835:
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764:
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747:
743:
739:
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734:
729:
721:
719:
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713:
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688:
684:
682:
677:
670:
665:
662:
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632:
629:
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621:
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581:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
551:
549:
540:
535:
533:
531:
527:
526:Sertavul Pass
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
483:
481:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
453:In 1869, the
451:
449:
445:
442:, Kerimoğlu,
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:Menemencioğlu
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
393:
389:
385:
381:
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369:
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311:
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283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
264:Ḫattušili III
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
240:at the time.
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
212:lands of the
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
187:
184:
180:
179:Sirkeli Höyük
176:
171:
164:
162:
160:
157:
152:
147:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
119:
115:
108:
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100:
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88:
84:
80:
76:
71:
63:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
1037:. Retrieved
1027:
1016:. Retrieved
1006:
995:. Retrieved
985:
973:. Retrieved
963:
954:
943:. Retrieved
939:the original
928:
901:
897:
887:
860:
856:
846:
837:
833:
823:
806:
802:
792:
783:
777:
737:
731:
728:Yılmaz Güney
725:
711:
710:
698:Ceyhan River
692:
685:
674:
552:
544:
487:
467:
463:Ottoman Navy
452:
448:Küçükalioğlu
444:Karsantıoğlu
401:
366:, including
360:Seljuk Turks
357:
347:founded the
330:
288:presence in
284:
242:
237:
191:
186:Muwatalli II
175:Ceyhan river
149:
146:Aşıkpaşazade
113:
112:
78:
74:
61:
60:
742:Yaşar Kemal
580:aquaculture
541:Agriculture
234:Ḫattušili I
154: [
1076:Categories
1039:2020-02-21
1018:2020-02-21
997:2020-02-21
945:2007-01-17
933:Hye Etch.
809:(4): 425.
803:Orientalia
769:References
584:Yumurtalık
567:Yumurtalık
530:Cappadocia
514:Belen Pass
510:Gülek Pass
384:Ramadanids
198:Kizzuwatna
194:Bronze Age
132:depression
97:, western
57:provinces.
920:249474000
879:249474000
658:Limestone
642:Saimbeyli
614:Aladağlar
498:Anatolian
490:Kizuwatna
484:Geography
440:Güveloğlu
436:Kozanoğlu
370:clans of
364:Turkomans
358:When the
272:Išputaḫšu
257:pantheons
204:lands of
130:"hollow,
109:Etymology
73:) or the
1082:Çukurova
993:. Gezily
971:. Assale
815:43075426
752:See also
738:The hope
702:Osmaniye
648:Asbestos
563:Samandağ
561:region.
494:Hittites
420:Egyptian
310:Seleucid
286:Armenian
268:Puduḫepa
118:compound
114:Çukurova
62:Çukurova
51:Osmaniye
975:June 1,
904:: 148.
863:: 148.
716:Dörtyol
706:Hittite
575:Bozyazı
571:Karataş
557:–
518:Dörtyol
512:today.
492:by the
372:Yüreğir
290:Cilicia
278:called
238:Adaniya
226:Hurrian
202:Hurrian
165:History
122:Turkish
120:of the
83:Cilicia
1066:Turkey
1052:Portal
918:
877:
813:
664:Pumice
624:Mersin
620:Baryte
610:Chrome
590:Mining
548:Anamur
524:) and
504:, the
478:Turkey
470:Mersin
459:Aleppo
388:Yörüks
380:Chepni
376:Afshar
339:until
318:Tarsus
302:Levant
296:, the
280:Ḫiyawa
222:Luwian
210:Luwian
142:plains
134:" and
124:words
87:Turkey
43:Mersin
916:S2CID
875:S2CID
840:: 48.
811:JSTOR
681:Adana
628:Adana
604:Kozan
559:Aydın
555:Muğla
474:Adana
424:Egypt
345:Ruben
306:Greek
253:Ḫepat
249:Tešup
158:]
127:çukur
116:is a
55:Hatay
47:Adana
977:2009
733:Umut
640:and
638:Feke
634:Iron
626:and
600:lead
598:and
596:Zinc
573:and
378:and
368:Oğuz
324:and
251:and
224:and
53:and
906:doi
865:doi
700:in
520:in
247:as
137:ova
1078::
914:.
902:49
900:.
896:.
873:.
861:49
859:.
855:.
838:13
836:.
832:.
807:55
805:.
801:.
602::
569:,
565:,
465:.
446:,
438:,
399:.
374:,
355:.
220:,
161:.
156:tr
105:.
49:,
45:,
1054::
1042:.
1021:.
1000:.
979:.
948:.
922:.
908::
881:.
867::
817:.
736:(
654:.
644:.
630:.
616:.
140:"
77:(
64:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
