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in medical research would be unlikely to result in prosecution under the Act, because any footage of actual animal cruelty would be of an event that would have taken place regardless of whether or not it had been filmed, and the purpose of screening that footage is not entertainment. However, a film
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It is unclear why the Act was passed when it was, or if any single event prompted it to be put before
Parliament. Concern had been expressed in the press during the early to mid-1930s at scenes in mainstream feature films that were suspected of showing actual animal cruelty, one prominent example
228:(BBFC), in keeping with their policy of not sanctioning the release of any film if it believes that the release itself could constitute a criminal act, will occasionally refuse a certificate or require cuts to scenes it suspects involve actual animal cruelty. A notable case was the UK release of
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that was "organised or directed in such a way as to involve the cruel infliction of pain or terror on any animal or the cruel goading of any animal to fury" - in other words, one in which actual cruelty to animals (as distinct from simulated, e.g. through the use of
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The phrase 'cruel infliction' is understood to mean cruelty to animals that was specifically and gratuitously inflicted with the sole purpose of creating an entertainment film. Therefore, for example, the screening of a
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would probably fall foul of the Act (had it been in force at the time), as the electrocution took place primarily as a public spectacle, and it was filmed purely for popular entertainment purposes.
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An Act to prohibit the exhibition or distribution of cinematograph films in connection with the production of which suffering may have been caused to animals; and for purposes connected therewith.
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that the defendant "had reasonable cause to believe" that scenes of animal cruelty in a film were simulated, not actual. The definition of an animal under the Act is that of the
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208:'s website, the Act was a response to "widespread public concern about the mistreatment of animals on film sets, especially in
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Offences under the Act are punishable by a fine and/or up to three months' imprisonment. Section 2 of the Act creates a valid
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as in force today (including any amendments) within the United
Kingdom, from
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in 2001, in which the BBFC accepted the producers' claim that controversial
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scenes were simulated, not actual, and passed the film uncut.
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Animal welfare and rights legislation in the United
Kingdom
345:
The Age of the Dream Palace: Cinema and
Society in Britain
178:) was photographed and/or occurred during the production.
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125:Text of the Cinematograph Films (Animals) Act 1937
1395:Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
392:
8:
2595:Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919
21:
2807:History of mass media in the United Kingdom
2631:Measures of the National Assembly for Wales
332:, London, George Allen & Unwin (1967),
2678:
2655:Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland
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399:
385:
377:
20:
101:Protection of Animals (Scotland) Act 1912
2772:Film controversies in the United Kingdom
1393:Great Britain and Ireland and the United
347:, 1930–1939, London, Routledge (1984),
270:
2757:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1937
139:Cinematograph Films (Animals) Act 1937
22:Cinematograph Films (Animals) Act 1937
2767:Film censorship in the United Kingdom
2643:Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly
118:Text of statute as originally enacted
7:
2762:British Board of Film Classification
2714:United Kingdom statutory instruments
226:British Board of Film Classification
206:British Board of Film Classification
315:, 4 May 2001, retrieved 26 May 2012
14:
2797:Animal cruelty incidents in film
147:Parliament of the United Kingdom
39:Parliament of the United Kingdom
32:
2615:Acts of the Scottish Parliament
2719:Scottish statutory instruments
187:Protection of Animals Act 1911
96:Protection of Animals Act 1911
1:
2736:Church of England instruments
415:Pre-parliamentary legislation
290:Students' BBFC - Criminal Law
250:or an educational film about
224:, and remains in force. The
446:the Kingdom of Great Britain
111:Status: Current legislation
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204:(1932). According to the
18:United Kingdom legislation
1074:Acts of Parliament of the
328:Hunnings, Neville March,
258:Electrocuting an Elephant
31:
26:
2792:Animal cruelty incidents
1391:of the United Kingdom of
1077:Kingdom of Great Britain
422:List of English statutes
330:Film Censors and the Law
153:. c. 59). It defines a
151:1 Edw. 8. & 1 Geo. 6
62:1 Edw. 8. & 1 Geo. 6
860:Interregnum (1642–1660)
299:, retrieved 26 May 2012
280:, retrieved 26 May 2012
220:The Act has never been
1054:Parliament of Scotland
2706:Secondary legislation
1361:Parliament of Ireland
453:Parliament of England
2627:Acts of Senedd Cymru
2558:European Communities
427:Charter of Liberties
366:Full Text of the Act
278:Section 1 of the Act
201:Island of Lost Souls
2787:1937 in British law
2532:Halsbury's Statutes
444:of states preceding
442:Acts of parliaments
343:Richards, Jeffrey,
313:The Daily Telegraph
23:
2538:Legislation.gov.uk
1389:Acts of Parliament
309:Review of the Film
295:2012-03-15 at the
216:Contemporary usage
129:legislation.gov.uk
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2692:1972–2009/2015–16
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847:Petition of Right
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2552:relating to the
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1078:
1072:
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1059:
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1056:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
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976:
973:
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964:
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949:
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848:
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835:
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828:
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823:
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815:
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795:
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748:
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723:
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623:
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583:
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510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
477:
476:Temp. incert.
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
455:
451:
448:
443:
439:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
417:
413:
409:
402:
397:
395:
390:
388:
383:
382:
379:
372:
369:
367:
364:
363:
359:
354:
350:
346:
342:
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331:
327:
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314:
310:
305:
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298:
294:
291:
286:
283:
279:
274:
271:
264:
262:
260:
259:
253:
249:
245:
239:
237:
233:
232:
231:Amores perros
227:
223:
215:
213:
211:
207:
203:
202:
192:
190:
188:
184:
179:
177:
173:
168:
164:
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156:
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148:
144:
140:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:
108:
102:
99:
97:
94:
93:
91:
87:
82:
78:
76:
72:
67:
63:
60:
58:
54:
50:
48:
44:
40:
30:
25:
16:
2777:1937 in film
2673:1994 to date
2608:institutions
2567:1972 to date
2543:Short titles
2530:
1359:Acts of the
858:
475:
344:
329:
304:
285:
273:
256:
248:bullfighting
240:
236:dog fighting
229:
219:
200:
196:
180:
159:distributing
138:
136:
79:30 July 1937
75:Royal assent
15:
432:Magna Carta
252:vivisection
244:documentary
2751:Categories
2556:(formerly
265:References
163:exhibiting
89:Relates to
47:Long title
1379:1751–1800
1374:1701–1750
1170:1760–1764
1165:1755–1759
1160:1750–1754
1155:1745–1749
1150:1740–1744
1145:1735–1739
1140:1730–1734
1135:1725–1729
1130:1720–1724
1125:1715–1719
502:1422–1460
497:1413–1421
492:1399–1411
487:1377–1397
482:1327–1376
470:1308–1325
465:1275–1307
460:1225–1267
2606:devolved
2583:measures
373:article.
293:Archived
255:such as
222:repealed
210:Westerns
57:Citation
1369:to 1700
1061:to 1707
193:History
183:defence
145:of the
64:. c. 59
351:
336:
246:about
198:being
141:is an
69:Dates
2682:for
2648:List
2636:List
2629:and
2620:List
2590:List
2523:2024
2518:2023
2513:2022
2508:2021
2503:2020
2498:2019
2493:2018
2488:2017
2483:2016
2478:2015
2473:2014
2468:2013
2463:2012
2458:2011
2453:2010
2448:2009
2443:2008
2438:2007
2433:2006
2428:2005
2423:2004
2418:2003
2413:2002
2408:2001
2403:2000
2395:1999
2390:1998
2385:1997
2380:1996
2375:1995
2370:1994
2365:1993
2360:1992
2355:1991
2350:1990
2345:1989
2340:1988
2335:1987
2330:1986
2325:1985
2320:1984
2315:1983
2310:1982
2305:1981
2300:1980
2295:1979
2290:1978
2285:1977
2280:1976
2275:1975
2270:1974
2265:1973
2260:1972
2255:1971
2250:1970
2245:1969
2240:1968
2235:1967
2230:1966
2225:1965
2220:1964
2215:1963
2210:1962
2205:1961
2200:1960
2195:1959
2190:1958
2185:1957
2180:1956
2175:1955
2170:1954
2165:1953
2160:1952
2155:1951
2150:1950
2145:1949
2140:1948
2135:1947
2130:1946
2125:1945
2120:1944
2115:1943
2110:1942
2105:1941
2100:1940
2095:1939
2090:1938
2085:1937
2080:1936
2075:1935
2070:1934
2065:1933
2060:1932
2055:1931
2050:1930
2045:1929
2040:1928
2035:1927
2030:1926
2025:1925
2020:1924
2015:1923
2010:1922
2005:1921
2000:1920
1995:1919
1990:1918
1985:1917
1980:1916
1975:1915
1970:1914
1965:1913
1960:1912
1955:1911
1950:1910
1945:1909
1940:1908
1935:1907
1930:1906
1925:1905
1920:1904
1915:1903
1910:1902
1905:1901
1900:1900
1892:1899
1887:1898
1882:1897
1877:1896
1872:1895
1867:1894
1862:1893
1857:1892
1852:1891
1847:1890
1842:1889
1837:1888
1832:1887
1827:1886
1822:1885
1817:1884
1812:1883
1807:1882
1802:1881
1797:1880
1792:1879
1787:1878
1782:1877
1777:1876
1772:1875
1767:1874
1762:1873
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1752:1871
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1742:1869
1737:1868
1732:1867
1727:1866
1722:1865
1717:1864
1712:1863
1707:1862
1702:1861
1697:1860
1692:1859
1687:1858
1682:1857
1677:1856
1672:1855
1667:1854
1662:1853
1657:1852
1652:1851
1647:1850
1642:1849
1637:1848
1632:1847
1627:1846
1622:1845
1617:1844
1612:1843
1607:1842
1602:1841
1597:1840
1592:1839
1587:1838
1582:1837
1577:1836
1572:1835
1567:1834
1562:1833
1557:1832
1552:1831
1547:1830
1542:1829
1537:1828
1532:1827
1527:1826
1522:1825
1517:1824
1512:1823
1507:1822
1502:1821
1497:1820
1492:1819
1487:1818
1482:1817
1477:1816
1472:1815
1467:1814
1462:1813
1457:1812
1452:1811
1447:1810
1442:1809
1437:1808
1432:1807
1427:1806
1422:1805
1417:1804
1412:1803
1407:1802
1402:1801
1350:1800
1345:1799
1340:1798
1335:1797
1330:1796
1325:1795
1320:1794
1315:1793
1310:1792
1305:1791
1300:1790
1295:1789
1290:1788
1285:1787
1280:1786
1275:1785
1270:1784
1265:1783
1260:1782
1255:1781
1250:1780
1245:1779
1240:1778
1235:1777
1230:1776
1225:1775
1220:1774
1215:1773
1210:1772
1205:1771
1200:1770
1195:1769
1190:1768
1185:1767
1180:1766
1175:1765
1120:1714
1115:1713
1110:1712
1105:1711
1100:1710
1095:1709
1090:1708
1085:1707
1045:1706
1040:1705
1035:1704
1030:1703
1025:1702
1020:1701
1015:1700
1010:1698
1005:1697
1000:1696
995:1695
990:1694
985:1693
980:1692
975:1691
970:1690
958:1689
953:1688
948:1685
943:1680
931:1679
926:1678
921:1677
916:1675
911:1672
906:1670
901:1667
896:1666
891:1665
886:1664
881:1663
876:1662
871:1661
866:1660
854:1640
842:1627
837:1625
832:1623
827:1620
822:1609
817:1606
812:1605
807:1603
802:1601
797:1597
792:1592
787:1588
782:1586
777:1584
772:1580
767:1575
762:1572
757:1571
752:1566
747:1562
742:1558
737:1557
732:1555
727:1554
722:1553
717:1551
712:1549
707:1548
702:1547
697:1546
692:1545
687:1543
682:1542
677:1541
672:1540
667:1539
662:1536
657:1535
652:1534
647:1533
642:1532
637:1531
632:1530
627:1529
622:1523
617:1515
612:1514
607:1513
602:1512
597:1511
592:1509
587:1503
582:1496
577:1495
572:1491
567:1488
562:1487
557:1485
552:1483
547:1482
542:1477
537:1474
532:1472
527:1468
522:1467
517:1464
512:1463
507:1461
349:ISBN
334:ISBN
167:film
137:The
311:in
212:."
176:CGI
174:or
161:or
157:of
143:Act
2753::
189:.
165:a
2560:)
400:e
393:t
386:v
355:.
340:.
149:(
131:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.