228:
2218:
2382:
1333:
4617:
2142:
1404:
2732:
3654:
3452:
1133:
31:
4066:
3726:
1797:
116:
2592:
2294:
2065:
4766:
283:
destroyed beyond the point where this can be measured, or at the least would require a great deal more excavation than that required for the measurement of the track length. Seating capacity may vary from around 15,000 people at Gerasa (Jordan), to 150,000 (some estimates put it up to 250,000) at the Circus
Maximus (Italy).
6369:
214:
Differently from other major Roman structures circuses frequently evolved over long periods of time from a simple track in a field, through generations of wooden seating structures (frequently destroyed by fire or rot), before they finally began to be converted to stone. Although circuses such as the
163:
The track of the circus was normally surrounded by ascending seating along the length of both straight sides and around the curved end, though there were sometimes interruptions in the seating to provide access to the circus or the seating, or to provide for special viewing platforms for dignitaries
4748:
cited in
Humphrey; general information on the archaeological remains of Nicomedia; Kocaeli municipal history, including a 19th-century map showing the location of the historic nucleus of the city (through history Kocaeli has been named successively: Olbia, Astakos, Nicomedia, Iznikmid, and Izmid or
3446:
Cited in
Humphrey; visible track length: c400m; visible track width: c85m; form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the
270:
The simplest comparative measurement of a circus is its track length. This is the most easily measured dimension, as it only requires small excavations at either end of the centreline. It is very probable that this can be done even when the circus is buried under subsequent constructions. Track
282:
The alternative comparative dimension is that of seating capacity. This is much more complex to measure as it requires that the dimensions of the original vertical and horizontal extent of the inclined seating be re-established. In many cases the full structure of the inclined seating has been
3992:
cited in
Humphrey; coordinates of place; location of place on topographic map (ref: NJ 32-15/510322); references to Henchir Souar; aerial photograph of place confirms coordinates reference; topographic features on aerial photograph match with; no online circus-specific information found.
508:
Unless otherwise indicated the coordinates in the following list are of a point that lies within the space of a circus. For the remaining circuses (those whose detailed location is not known) the point is for a location within the space of the historic nucleus of the associated town, or for a
3790:
cited in
Humphrey; there appears to be significant uncertainty about the status, and even name, of Zafra in the Roman era; the town appears to have no significant Roman remains other than those of some 20 Roman villas in the surrounding area; no online circus-specific information found.
375:, or starting gates, had a distinctive, slanted, slightly curved, plan form, designed to compensate for what would otherwise be significant differences in the distances from the individual starting gates to the start of the first section of straight track on the right hand side of the
3854:
cited in
Humphrey; French maps of Roman Bosra showing the location of the circus (or hippodrome); visible track length: c430m; visible track width: c110m; form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is virtually unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure still stands.
4404:
cited in
Humphrey; Tunisian archaeological site number: 007.157 (Utique; Henchir Bechateur; UTIKA); reference to circus; uncorroborated location; more probable location as indicated by the maps in confirms the given location; approximate length measured from the maps in: 280-300m.
3189:
cited in
Humphrey; the location is a close approximation based on information at; length: c450m; width: c150m; the structure lies buried some 2–4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.
801:
cited in
Humphrey; approximate location confirmed by old air photographs (90% of the circus has now been built over); only the southern, curved, end remains visible; U-shaped; approximate (formerly visible) track length: c450m; approximate (formerly visible) track width: c70m.
4473:
cited in
Humphrey; location (from 1930s aerial photograph); map of ancient Antioch showing the circus as a hippodrome; length: c490m; width: c90m; very little visible today; is more visible in a 1930s aerial photograph; lightly over-built by modern structures and occupations.
4095:
1791:
cited in Humphrey; referred to as a hippodrome; on the coast; parallel to the coast; visible track length: c290m; visible track width: c45m; U-shaped plan form clearly visible; structure substantially complete; few modern structures constructed within the space.
4233:
127:, separated by a median strip running along the length of about two thirds the track, joined at one end with a semicircular section and at the other end with an undivided section of track closed (in most cases) by a distinctive starting gate known as the
4708:
3952:
4273:
cited in Chase; approximate location, on the north western edge of town, suggested (though not explicitly identified) on plan, and plan; various lengths are referenced: c175m, 393m; the site is open agricultural land with no subsequent occupation.
3720:
Cited in Humphrey; between a third and a half of the circus, including the round end, is partially visible; the remainder of the circus, has either been obliterated, or lies under modern constructions; suggested length: c430m; visible width: c75m.
827:
1127:
cited in Humphrey; official archaeological information; c40% of curved south-west end is minimally visible; the remaining structure lies to the north-east under a road junction and housing; length: c450m; width: c101m; visible track width: c80m.
698:
3815:
2864:
cited in Humphrey; located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m; visible track width: c75m; form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.
570:
3880:
2890:
2798:
cited in Humphrey; visible track length: c300m?; visible track width: c45m; form reasonably visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible; sometimes referred to as a hippodrome.
1224:
1160:
3277:
3479:
4612:; estimated length: c450m; estimated width: c130m; other than some monuments from the spina, virtually none of the structure is visible today; it is believed much of the structure may lie buried some 2m below the current surface.
3583:
cited in Humphrey; the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus; the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible; length: c350m; width: c73m.
2993:
cited in Humphrey; the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at; that site states "the topographic marks of permit a reasonably rigorous survey"; length: c375m; width: c80m.
2624:
3519:
cited in Humphrey; very approximate location; the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.
4164:
1431:
1664:
location (the circus is marked 'Ancient Hippodrome'); archaeological map of historical centre of town, showing location of hippodrome/circus (in Greek; hippodrome = Ιππόδρομος); approximate length inferred from and: c525m.
1600:
referred to as a stadium; very small for a circus; visible track length: c215m; visible track width: c20m; double-U-shaped plan form with both rounded ends clearly visible; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures.
959:
3150:
3750:
2136:
Cited in Humphrey; it is not entirely clear whether this 'structure' was, in fact, a circus or stadium of the form of the others in this list; Wikimapia location; estimates of size are: length 260–500 m, width 100m.
634:
933:
cited in Humphrey; visible track length: 300–350 m; visible track width: c45m; U-shaped; the carceres are c50m beyond the ends of the ascending seating at the open south-west end; clearly visible and unobstructed.
3648:
cited in Humphrey; most of the circus lies buried under the existing town; a substantial part of the curved eastern end, and part of the south-western side, are visible; track length: c290m; track width: c75m.
4538:
Double-U-shaped; very substantially preserved; significantly smaller than other circuses; may be considered a stadium or hippodrome rather than a circus; visible track length: c220m; visible track width: 35m.
762:
2726:
cited in Humphrey; visible track length: c435m; visible track width: c80m; form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure is still visible.
1023:
509:
location within the associated archaeological site. These points are probably within 1.5 kilometres of the site of the circus, as a circus was almost always within this distance from its associated town.
2059:
Cited in Chase; location; track length: 460m; track width: 67/68m; the principal visible remains are a tower at the north western corner of the circus; the main body of the circus lay SSE of this tower.
1752:
291:
Circuses do not appear to have been constructed with any special compass orientation. Those that are well identified can be found with their round ends oriented around the compass. Examples include: N.
2587:
cited in Humphrey; visible track length: c245m; visible track width: c50m; form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure still stands.
1825:
5173:
4338:
cited in Humphrey; visible track length: c500m; visible track width: c70m; form lightly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.
6784:(the full map is on the last page; a high resolution version of the complete map may be obtained by using the scaling facilities of the site to enlarge the map, and then saving the resulting image).
4434:
3407:
2289:
Track length: c621m; track width: c150m; form substantially visible; U-shaped; the space is practically unoccupied by any modern structures; only a few parts of the structure are visible or remain.
1535:
cited in Chase; archaeological city plan; visible track length: c375m; visible track width: c50m; U-shaped plan form clearly visible; space 30% open agricultural land, 70% covered by orchard trees.
7089:
3058:
cited in Chase; visible track length: c330m; visible track width: c70m; form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.
4364:
1360:
2954:
4684:
referred to as a stadium; double U-shaped and small; visible track length: c250m; visible track width: c40m; form clearly visible; no visible spina; unoccupied by any subsequent construction.
4499:
3339:
3214:
7539:
4022:
1889:
4299:
3609:
3083:
1625:
3544:
2485:
2421:
2020:
3681:
6581:
1953:
1288:
1864:
c1km inland from the coast; visible track length: c410m; visible track width: c80m; form substantially visible; apparently U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures.
2930:
believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town; reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
6703:
Plan de l'Ancienne Ville de Bosra montrant l'emplacement de tous les monuments connus. B&W, 37 x 25 cm, scale by approximation ~ 1:6,100. Shows in red the boundaries of the site
2687:
1088:
2174:
2213:
Visible track length: c490m; visible track width: c80m; form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; many parts of the structure are visible.
2825:
7010:(especially PDF pages: 16, 17, 19, 204, 239, 410) "SOCIÉTÉ ARCHÉOLOGIQUE DE SOUSSE, Assemblée générale du 29 Février 1903, Extraits des procès-verbaux des réunions." etc., from
894:
5092:
4645:
2326:
2250:
1561:
267:. Other dimensions, such as the external dimensions of the structure may vary considerably depending on the location, the site, and on specific architectural characteristics.
3019:
2097:
1996:; information and photos in English; (track?) length: 328.50m; (track?) width: 60m; location centred on the only visible remains – three stone arches (part of the carceres).
6326:); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245–275, "A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata", Eurico Sepúlveda and others.
7412:
6778:
DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Bibliografie | B0000018 | Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique
2759:
2548:
1496:
1689:
3317:
cited in Humphrey; the location, from Wikimapia and Spanish Knowledge (XXG) is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.
2663:
cited in Humphrey; the location is of the archaeological site of the Beirut Hippodrome as given on Wikimapia; this may, or may not, be the same structure as the circus.
183:
end is substituted by a slightly curved 'straight' end joined to the straight sides of ascending seating by rounded corners of ascending seating; and a few in which the
6014:
5206:
5968:
7532:
4569:
5170:
5866:
5242:
5151:
6235:
5115:
4208:, reinforced by an undated aerial photograph; visible length (as measured on Wikimapia based on cross-reference with aerial photograph): c350m or greater.
5839:
5231:
5140:
219:(Italy) may have existed in some form from as early as around 500 BC, circuses were mainly constructed during the 400 years between 200 BC and 200 AD.
7525:
6471:
7276:
6319:
1471:
discussion about the evidence for a circus; plan showing the hypothesised location of the circus and; hypothesised and partially excavated location.
6449:
1328:
Cited in Humphrey; the only remaining feature is a monumental arched structure topped by a tall, narrow, pyramid; this structure was on the spina.
6460:
470:
5317:
Raymond G. Chase: Ancient Hellenistic and Roman amphitheatres, stadiums, and theatres: the way they look now. P. E. Randall, Portsmouth 2002,
5220:
5129:
7732:
7658:
7617:
7567:
7197:
British School at Rome – Accademia Britannica di Archeologia, Storia e Belle Arti – Research – Archaeology – Geophysics – Geophysics Projects
7074:
Délimitation du site culturel de Dougga. A3. Scale by calculation ~ 1: 6,250. Shows boundaries and buffer zone of the World Heritage property
4824:
7678:
1928:
cited in Humphrey; location; track length measured from location information: c460m; track width measured from location information: c80m.
4061:
Cited in Humphrey; location; length: c500m; width: c90m; U-shaped; very little remains visible; partly occupied by modern constructions.
7763:
5465:
Figure 11. Roman Corinth, ca. A.D. 50, and a portion of the land divided between the long walls illustrating the north–south roadways.
497:
7102:
PlanetWare.com > Africa and the Middle East > Tunisia > Tunisia Tourist Attractions > Dougga Tourist Attractions | Circus
5485:
Figure 11. Roman Corinth, ca. A.D. 50, and a portion of the land divided between the long walls illustrating the north–south roadways
5349:
5293:
7663:
7597:
5322:
4987:
492:
7029:
6895:
4871:
2524:
Cited in Humphrey; a German language archaeological site map of Gadara indicates a location for what is described as a hippodrome.
5452:
227:
3378:
location from Wikimapia and others; length: c370m; entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.
406:
were constructed according to a series of proportional mathematical relationships or formulas. It is not clear when the earliest
487:
354:
inside the walls, in the heart of the town, and an integral part of the architectural power structure of the town, as at: Rome,
7758:
7753:
7714:
7709:
7400:
7326:
7311:
7296:
7220:
7208:
6995:
6915:
6663:
6566:
6538:
6494:
6431:
6255:
6095:
6052:
5928:
5885:
5710:
5672:
5657:
5606:
5508:
5389:
6741:
6141:
5940:
5591:
7773:
7632:
6953:
6722:
6404:
6392:
6177:
6110:
5768:
5558:
5448:
5377:
5044:
7420:
7144:
6550:
6522:
6291:
6067:
6025:
5799:
410:
of the standardised form was constructed, nor whether there exists documentary evidence for the existence of such formulas.
187:
end is substituted by a second semi-circular end to produce an oval shaped arena. These latter circuses are normally small (
6782:
Pflaum H. G., "Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique" - in Antiquités africaines, 4, 1970. pp. 75-118.
6011:
5827:
5203:
7719:
7622:
6819:
5258:
7768:
7704:
7548:
7369:
7357:
7061:
6840:
Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection | Tunisia Maps | Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, Joint Operations Graphic 1:250,000
4552:
123:
The performance space of the Roman circus was normally, despite its name, an oblong rectangle of two linear sections of
7235:
5059:
7562:
6773:
6675:
175:
The great majority of circuses fit the description above. Those that do not display two different variations: that at
6718:
5404:
45:'Circus (building)' redirects here. For the British English use of circus to describe circular housing projects, see
6835:
6800:
5184:
2217:
7642:
7612:
6613:
Roman Art | Public Spectacles architecture | Circus of Tarraco in Tarragona | Roman Circus of Tarraco, at Tarragona
3390:
3126:'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
1212:
1062:
location information; archaeological information; official archaeological information; length: c450m; width: c75m.
6871:
6205:
4077:
7673:
7607:
6971:(doc page: 98; PDF page: 99)(gives UTM coordinates: 358,900N; 498,350E = approx: 36 deg 32' N, 9 deg 53' E) from
6479:
6212:
5239:
5148:
4798:
Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 1776, Chapter 31 - Games and spectacles,
4139:; location of place on topographic map (ref: NJ 32-15/498358); no online circus-specific information found.
263:
The comparative dimensions of a circus may be measured in two basic ways: by the length of the track, and by the
95:
particularly in the eastern, Greek speaking, part of the empire, but these were typically smaller than circuses.
75:
7192:
6232:
5112:
172:
and the start of the ascending seating where there is apparently no structure. This appears to be an exception.
7683:
6612:
617:
482:
7463:
6726:
5621:
5531:
5228:
5137:
3253:
cited in Humphrey; the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal'; length c300-350m.
7668:
7572:
7444:
6859:
2374:
2366:
46:
6468:
6376:
5727:
4879:
2381:
2373:
which was brought from Egypt to adorn the spina in 37 AD; the obelisk was moved to its current location in
7627:
7592:
7273:
6883:
7034:
DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree
3936:
7577:
6781:
6777:
6446:
4799:
4627:
7090:
THE GERMAN-TUNISIAN PROJECT AT DOUGGA FIRST RESULTS OF THE EXCAVATIONS SOUTH OF THE MAISON DU TRIFOLIUM
6457:
5464:
5455:, paper reference: David Gilman Romano, "A Roman Circus in Corinth," in Hesperia 74, 2005, pp. 585–611.
4853:
7101:
7077:
6036:
3940:
7699:
7582:
5289:
4123:
Municipium Aurelium Commodum (Henchir Bou Cha) Roman town (not the circus; nucleus of the Roman town)
4082:
3006:
557:
7037:
6903:
2369:
well established, though exact position and orientation unknown; the only surviving remains are the
7602:
7490:
6851:
5472:
5217:
5126:
4771:
4352:
3932:
3798:
2942:
2156:
1332:
1207:
442:
422:
301:
7196:
7078:
UNESCO – Culture – World Heritage Centre – The List – World Heritage List – Dougga / Thugga – Maps
6968:
5100:
4616:
247:, being the tutelary goddess of Carthage, may indicate that this is the Circus of Carthage. After
7485:
4005:
2937:
1343:
673:
cited in Humphrey; approximate location; neither the form nor any original structure is visible.
79:
2141:
1403:
7238:
by Nabil Kallala, Elizabeth Fentress, Josephine Quinn, Andrew Wilson (maps on pages 11 and 12).
6879:
2731:
398:
appears to have been standardised throughout the Roman world. The similarity in form among the
7587:
7007:
5318:
4983:
4820:
4609:
4417:
3395:
3327:
3138:
2607:
1813:
1807:
1740:
1734:
332:
Circuses can be found at three distinct locations relative to the towns to which they belong:
92:
7480:
7172:
6860:
Gestion du patrimoine culturel de la Tunisie - Liste des monuments et décrets par gouvernorat
5851:
5543:
5524:
5520:
3863:
3653:
3265:
2080:
1276:
1271:
553:
264:
3451:
1399:
Cited in Humphrey; location; plan of Roman town showing location of circus; length: c450m.
7280:
6804:
6475:
6464:
6453:
6380:
6239:
6216:
6040:
6029:
6018:
5535:
5408:
5246:
5235:
5224:
5210:
5188:
5177:
5155:
5144:
5133:
5119:
5063:
3385:
2670:
2397:
2370:
1413:
115:
60:
7073:
6702:
4261:
Municipium Septimium Aurelium Liberum Thugga (Dougga) Roman circus (approximate location)
1325:(possibly very approximate; the satellite image at this location is extremely distorted)
165:
106:...still considered the Circus as their home, their temple, and the seat of the republic.
7512:
7180:
6976:
6243:
6220:
4065:
30:
7637:
7033:
6899:
6875:
6855:
5916:
5424:
5365:
4839:
4812:
4346:
2308:
2233:
1252:
Mediolanum Santonum (Saintes) Roman town (not the circus; historic nucleus of the town)
321:
309:
276:
216:
134:
68:
64:
35:
7181:
Carte National des Sites Arqueologiques e des Monuments Historiques | 007 Ghar el Melh
7015:/ National Heritage Institute (INP) | Digital Library | Sousse Archaeological Bulletin
6980:
6839:
3843:
Nova Trajana Bostra (Bosra Eski Sham or Busra Eski Şam or Busra ash-Sham) Roman circus
3725:
1132:
7747:
6977:
Carte National des Sites Arqueologiques e des Monuments Historiques | Bir Mcherga 028
6969:
site no. 028.113, Henchir Fraxine/Henchir Bou Cha (anc. Municipium Aurelium Commodum)
6272:
5749:
5539:
3669:
2742:
2675:
1941:
1677:
99:
7231:
7229:
3908:
Laodicea ad Mare (Latakia) Roman town (not the circus; historic nucleus of the town)
512:(ordered initially by country; number of circuses at latest count (2012-04-01): 63)
7416:
6856:
Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Siti complessi e monumenti
5983:
2812:
2807:
2401:
1796:
1613:
1608:
248:
54:
3001:
686:
6342:
6022:
17:
7507:
6807:(reference to Abthugni and Henchir-es-Souar on directory page 494 (PDF page 2)).
5436:
5361:
4487:
4482:
2591:
1006:
941:
876:
865:(not the circus; approximate nucleus of Roman town; centred on Pompey's Pillar)
6706:
5075:
3980:
Abthugni (Henchir Souar) Roman town (not the circus; nucleus of the Roman town)
855:
Alexandria Roman town (approximate nucleus of town; centred on Pompey's Pillar)
7432:
7381:
7338:
6876:
Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Decreti di protezione
6794:
Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Edited by Richard J. A. Talbert
6793:
4779:
4761:
4146:
3467:
3197:
2293:
2064:
2003:
1483:
1011:
946:
815:
810:
305:
124:
71:
6628:
6338:
6303:
6012:
Gadara (Umm Quais) Topographische Bestandkarte 2007 (archaeological site map)
5929:
Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the spina obelisk until 1586)
5897:
4724:
4710:
4661:
4647:
4585:
4571:
4515:
4501:
4450:
4436:
4380:
4366:
4315:
4301:
4249:
4235:
4180:
4166:
4111:
4097:
4038:
4024:
3968:
3954:
3896:
3882:
3831:
3817:
3766:
3752:
3697:
3683:
3625:
3611:
3560:
3546:
3495:
3481:
3423:
3409:
3355:
3341:
3293:
3279:
3230:
3216:
3166:
3152:
3099:
3085:
3035:
3021:
2970:
2956:
2906:
2892:
2841:
2827:
2775:
2761:
2703:
2689:
2640:
2626:
2564:
2550:
2501:
2487:
2437:
2423:
2342:
2328:
2266:
2252:
2190:
2176:
2113:
2099:
2036:
2022:
1969:
1955:
1905:
1891:
1841:
1827:
1768:
1754:
1705:
1691:
1641:
1627:
1577:
1563:
1512:
1498:
1447:
1433:
1376:
1362:
1304:
1290:
1240:
1226:
1176:
1162:
1104:
1090:
1039:
1025:
975:
961:
910:
896:
843:
829:
778:
764:
714:
700:
650:
636:
586:
572:
7475:
6964:
6962:
6934:
6416:
5995:
5691:
5638:
5492:
5484:
5412:
5056:
5002:
4691:
4547:
4204:
cited in Humphrey; probable location based on information in 1903 documents
3597:
3260:
3202:
1543:
622:
7517:
7256:
6593:
5952:
3507:
Italica (Santiponce) Roman town (not the circus; nucleus of the Roman town)
598:
Auzia (Sour El-Ghozlane) (not the circus; historic nucleus of current town)
7156:
7125:
6753:
6647:
6506:
6189:
6158:
6079:
5828:
Wikimapia location: Milan Roman circus (tower at the north western corner)
5570:
5488:
5401:
5333:
6797:
5783:
5496:
5397:
5270:
5181:
5025:
4696:
4557:
4282:
4010:
4000:
3927:
3527:
3076:
3012:
2947:
2918:
Aeminium (Coimbra) Roman town (not the circus; nucleus of the Roman town)
2883:
2873:
2473:
1936:
1877:
1872:
1143:
750:
129:
6122:
6096:
Wikimapia location: Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus Roman hippodrome
5096:
4736:
Nicomedia (İzmit) Roman town (not the circus; historic nucleus of İzmit)
67:
races, although sometimes serving other purposes. It was similar to the
6357:
5941:
Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the obelisk since 1586)
4632:
4422:
4412:
4357:
4292:
4287:
4226:
4157:
4088:
4015:
3945:
3868:
3664:
3592:
3532:
3462:
3305:
Cáparra (Capera) Roman town (not the circus; nucleus of the Roman town)
3133:
3066:
2878:
2747:
2680:
2617:
2602:
1548:
1419:
1353:
1069:
1016:
881:
755:
745:
691:
627:
563:
240:
196:
145:
87:
27:
Large open-air venue used for public events in the ancient Roman Empire
6768:
6766:
6209:
5432:
5357:
119:
Floorplan of Circus Maximus. This design is typical of Roman circuses.
7113:
7049:
6882:(search for '14, Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330)') |
6822:, SOURCE: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Bethesda, MD, USA.
5468:
4800:
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/gibbon/decline/files/volume1/chap31.htm#game
4701:
4638:
4562:
4492:
4427:
4221:
4215:
4152:
3143:
3123:
3071:
2612:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2478:
2468:
1818:
1745:
1682:
1672:
1618:
1554:
1489:
1478:
1424:
1281:
1217:
1153:
1081:
681:
336:
outside the city walls at anything up to 1.5 km distant, as at:
63:
word that means "circle") was a large open-air venue used mainly for
6023:
Research projects | geographical order | Gadara/Umm Qais (Jordanien)
1459:
Corinth Roman circus (hypothesised and partially excavated location)
7413:
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites | NICOMEDIA NW Turkey
6690:
5753:
5734:
5528:
5473:
Greek and Roman Corinth | 44 BC – Colonia Laus Iulia Corinthiensis
4872:
Names of cities in Algerie in (A.D. 138) Roman times and names now
4135:
cited in Humphrey; archaeological document of Tunisian government
3873:
3808:
3803:
3743:
3738:
3674:
3602:
3537:
3472:
3400:
3332:
3270:
3207:
2818:
2752:
2460:
Cited in Humphrey; Wikimapia location; length: 565m; width: 125m.
2414:
2319:
2243:
2167:
2090:
2013:
2008:
1946:
1882:
1348:
1076:
952:
887:
820:
726:
Saldae (Béjaïa) (not the circus; historic nucleus of current town)
548:
226:
114:
82:, circuses were one of the main entertainment venues at the time.
7435:- information on historical remains at Izmit (ancient Nicomedia).
7401:
Wikimapia location: Laodicea on the Lycus Roman stadium or circus
4982:. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles 1986,
4149:
OR Colonia Concordia Ulpia Trajana Augusta Frugifera Hadrumetina
6373:
6256:
Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus
5870:
3920:
cited in Humphrey; no online circus-specific information found.
2409:
2392:
2314:
2303:
2238:
2228:
2162:
2151:
2085:
2075:
1264:
cited in Humphrey; no online circus-specific information found.
1188:
Lugdunum (Lyon) Roman circus (approximate hypothesised location)
1148:
999:
cited in Humphrey; no online circus-specific information found.
869:
cited in Humphrey; no online circus-specific information found.
738:
cited in Humphrey; no online circus-specific information found.
610:
cited in Humphrey; no online circus-specific information found.
252:
39:
7521:
7385:
7342:
7327:
Wikimapia location: Aphrodisias Roman circus/hippodrome/stadium
7284:
7260:
7160:
7129:
6938:
6757:
6651:
6632:
6597:
6510:
6307:
6193:
6162:
6126:
6083:
5999:
5956:
5901:
5787:
5754:
parcodibovillae.org | PROTEZIONE DELL'AREA DELL'ANTICA BOVILLAE
5735:
parcodibovillae.org | PROTEZIONE DELL'AREA DELL'ANTICA BOVILLAE
5695:
5642:
5574:
5337:
5274:
5029:
5006:
987:
Oxyrhynchus (not the circus; archaeological site of Roman town)
144:
and usually featured ornate columns, statues and commemorative
6616:
6276:
5622:
archaeological map of walled historical centre of Thessalonica
4858:(2nd ed.). London: George Bell and Sons. pp. 219–20.
7423:(search for 'The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites').
6554:
6526:
2652:
Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus (Beirut) Roman hippodrome
7502:
7177:
Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie | Archaeological Map
6973:
Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie | Archaeological Map
6796:, Map 32 Carthago; textual directory to map available from:
6323:
6033:
5658:
Wikimapia location: Caesarea Maritima Roman circus (coastal)
4817:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome, Volume 1
4615:
4064:
3724:
3652:
3450:
2730:
2590:
2380:
2292:
2216:
2140:
2063:
1795:
1402:
1331:
1131:
6996:
Wikimapia location: Sousse Roman circus (probable location)
5673:
Wikimapia location: Caesarea Maritima Roman circus (inland)
5393:
7176:
7011:
6972:
6567:
Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate)
5428:
5353:
231:
Circus, with chariot-race going on: the central division (
4875:
168:(Egypt), displays a distinct gap of some 50m between the
6872:
Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330), page 2
7445:
Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality | History of Kocaeli
6723:
In-Depth History | Plan of the City | Plan of the City
102:
the Roman people, at the start of the 5th century AD:
6900:
Docartis | Tunisia | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree
6798:
http://press.princeton.edu/B_ATLAS.ZIP | BATL032_.PDF
6676:
Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus (curved end)
5706:
5704:
4749:
Izmit); no online circus-specific information found.
4192:
Hadrumentum (Sousse) Roman circus (probable location)
3778:
Zafra town (not the circus; historic nucleus of town)
255:, much enlarged in the drawing; found at Binchester (
6742:
Wikimapia location: Nova Trajana Bostra Roman circus
5602:
5600:
5540:
AQUASITE: Information on 50 selected Roman aqueducts
5199:
5197:
996:(not the circus; archaeological site of Roman town)
7692:
7651:
7555:
7508:
Ondernemen.in: List of circus-hippodrome structures
5653:
5651:
5617:
5615:
5413:
Klassische Archäologie | Was | Archäologie in Trier
5378:
Wikimapia location: Augusta Treverorum Roman circus
3804:
Bosra Eski Sham OR Busra Eski Şam OR Busra ash-Sham
735:(not the circus; historic nucleus of current town)
607:(not the circus; historic nucleus of current town)
7396:
7394:
7353:
7351:
6830:
6828:
6370:Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana
5668:
5666:
5182:Arles Office de Tourisme | Visit | Places to visit
402:of circuses of many different sizes suggests that
7370:Hippodrome of Constantinople#The Hippodrome today
6244:Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios
5294:Cirque antique de Lyon#Hypothèses de localisation
3178:Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica) Roman circus (approx)
2365:Cited in Humphrey; location just to the south of
1780:Caesarea Maritima (Caesarea) coastal Roman circus
662:Colonia Claudia Caesarea (Cherchell) Roman circus
271:lengths may vary from the 245 m of the circus at
152:were usually marked by conical poles, called the
6930:
6928:
6926:
6924:
6584:(information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
6495:Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus
5511:(hypothesised and partially excavated location).
4218:OR Municipium Septimium Aurelium Liberum Thugga
1853:Caesarea Maritima (Caesarea) inland Roman circus
1468:(hypothesised and partially excavated location)
1073:(Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelatensium Sextanorum)
438:
387:were designed for the races to be run round the
133:, thereby creating a circuit for the races. The
7322:
7320:
7252:
7250:
7248:
7246:
7244:
6884:Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330)
6442:
6440:
6353:
6351:
4882:(order by start date; start date: 21 Dec 2008).
3917:(not the circus; historic nucleus of the town)
2311:, a.k.a. Circus of Caligula, or Vatican Circus
1261:(not the circus; historic nucleus of the town)
104:
7733:Architectural records of the Greco-Roman World
7513:Google Earth file containing several locations
7421:Perseus Collection | Greek and Roman Materials
6780:; The full article and map can be found from:
5912:
5910:
5810:
5808:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5088:
5086:
5084:
235:) with its dolphin fountains, and the conical
7533:
6178:Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus
6154:
6152:
6150:
5886:Wikimapia location: Circus of Maxentius, Rome
5779:
5777:
5607:Wikimapia location: Thessalonica Roman circus
5101:Heritage Conservation at Essex County Council
5040:
5038:
4880:Algerian History, Culture, Art, Law, Politics
3989:(not the circus; nucleus of the Roman town).
1416:(Colonia Iulia Flavia Augusta Corinthiensis)
195:(Turkey)), and should probably be considered
8:
7358:Hippodrome of Constantinople#History and use
7312:Wikimapia location: Antioch Roman hippodrome
7140:
7138:
6949:
6947:
6287:
6285:
5881:
5879:
5867:Circus Flaminius – Samuel Ball Platner, 1929
5587:
5585:
5583:
4782:– a Greek arena also used for chariot racing
4745:(not the circus; historic nucleus of İzmit)
4132:(not the circus; nucleus of the Roman town)
3516:(not the circus; nucleus of the Roman town)
3314:(not the circus; nucleus of the Roman town)
2927:(not the circus; nucleus of the Roman town)
540:(sorts on length and precision of location)
7417:Perseus Digital Library | Collections/Texts
7307:
7305:
7297:Wikimapia location: ancient city of Antioch
6577:
6575:
6393:Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus
5979:
5977:
5800:Wikimapia location: Mediolanum Roman circus
5750:English page | The Roman stadium of Boville
5687:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5285:
5283:
5057:THE ROMAN CIRCUS VICTRICENSIS IN COLCHESTER
4974:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4908:
3787:(not the circus; historic nucleus of town)
7540:
7526:
7518:
6643:
6641:
6608:
6606:
6427:
6425:
6334:
6332:
6292:Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus
5862:
5860:
5840:Wikimapia location: Circus Flaminius, Rome
5592:Wikimapia location: Nicopolis Roman circus
5166:
5164:
4998:
4996:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4890:
4888:
514:
148:. The turning points on either end of the
7145:Wikimapia location: Thysdrus Roman circus
7038:PHOTOS AERIENNES | Sousse ville. | A00219
6954:Wikimapia location: Carthago Roman circus
6815:
6813:
6737:
6735:
6721:(circus identified as a hippodrome) from
6582:Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus
6539:Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus
6490:
6488:
6275:(from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at
6173:
6171:
6137:
6135:
6063:
6061:
5969:Wikimapia location: Circus Varianus, Rome
5769:Wikimapia location: Bovillae Roman circus
5711:Wikimapia location: Aquileia Roman circus
5554:
5552:
5525:Gortina – Planta Archaeologica Dela Citta
5402:Fachbereiche und Fächer | Fachbereich III
4980:Roman Circuses: Arenas for Chariot Racing
4876:E-DZ Community | Education & Learning
535:
532:
529:
524:
517:
6686:
6684:
6664:Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus
6432:Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus
6405:Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus
6268:
6266:
6264:
6106:
6104:
6034:Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI)
5728:L'antica Bovillae | Il Circo di Bovillae
5509:Wikimapia location: Corinth Roman circus
5313:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5305:
4819:. Oxford University Press. p. 146.
542:
434:
176:
29:
7062:Wikimapia location: Thugga Roman circus
7013:Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie
6142:Wikimapia location: Cyrene Roman circus
6068:Wikimapia location: Gerasa Roman circus
5559:Wikimapia location: Gortyn Roman circus
5497:Colonia Laus Iulia Corinthiensis, 44 BC
5093:Roman Circus 200 m south of Abbey House
5021:
5019:
5017:
5015:
4867:
4865:
4791:
4527:Aphrodisias Roman stadium or hippodrome
1388:Augusta Treverorum (Trier) Roman circus
1200:cited in Chase; hypothesised location.
7221:Wikimapia location: Utica Roman circus
7209:Wikimapia location: Utica Roman circus
6111:Wikimapia location: Tyrus Roman circus
4840:Circus Maximus#History of Construction
4392:Utica Roman circus (probable location)
7236:'Survey and Excavation at Utica 2010'
6906:(search for 'Henchir Souar, A00030').
6551:Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto
6523:Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica
6053:Wikimapia location: Gadara hippodrome
5529:romanaqueducts.info | Roman Aqueducts
3435:Emerita Augusta (Mérida) Roman circus
1051:Camulodunum (Colchester) Roman circus
433:The best preserved circuses include:
348:
347:simply within the town walls, as at:
297:
7:
6339:archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium
1197:(approximate hypothesised location)
790:Sitifis Colonia (Sétif) Roman circus
468:Map this section's coordinates using
192:
6874:(search for 'Henchir Souar'), from
6480:detailed location map of the circus
6210:Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro
3242:Calagurris (Calahorra) Roman circus
2603:Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus
164:and officials. One circus, that at
5429:LIVIUS Articles on Ancient History
5354:LIVIUS Articles on Ancient History
188:
25:
6916:Wikimapia location: Henchir Souar
6820:Hennchir Kasbat es Souar: Tunisia
6458:Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba
6320:A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo
6304:The Circus | Circus of Mirobriga
4764:
4050:Carthago (Carthage) Roman circus
3637:Tarraco (Tarragona) Roman circus
3111:Olissipona (Lisbon) Roman circus
1917:Aquileia (Aquileia) Roman circus
522:Link to detailed circus article
359:
355:
140:The median strip was called the
6693:(article accessed: 2012-03-01).
5076:Colchester Archaeological Trust
5045:Wikimapia location: Antinopolis
4622:(may not be oriented to north)
4542:(may not be oriented to north)
4477:(may not be oriented to north)
4341:(may not be oriented to north)
4327:Thysdrus (El Djem) Roman circus
4277:(may not be oriented to north)
4071:(may not be oriented to north)
3858:(may not be oriented to north)
3731:(may not be oriented to north)
3659:(may not be oriented to north)
3587:(may not be oriented to north)
3572:Saguntum (Sagunto) Roman circus
3457:(may not be oriented to north)
3061:(may not be oriented to north)
2868:(may not be oriented to north)
2802:(may not be oriented to north)
2737:(may not be oriented to north)
2597:(may not be oriented to north)
2463:(may not be oriented to north)
2387:(may not be oriented to north)
2223:(may not be oriented to north)
2070:(may not be oriented to north)
2048:Mediolanum (Milan) Roman circus
1931:(may not be oriented to north)
1867:(may not be oriented to north)
1802:(may not be oriented to north)
1538:(may not be oriented to north)
1338:(may not be oriented to north)
1138:(may not be oriented to north)
805:(may not be oriented to north)
676:(may not be oriented to north)
454:
446:
418:
391:in an anticlockwise direction.
341:
337:
317:
293:
272:
7283:from a past exhibition at the
7199:(search for 'Utica, Tunisia').
7008:Sousse Archaeological Bulletin
6707:UNESCO | Ancient City of Bosra
6358:Sirmium#Archeological findings
5433:Germania Inferior | Topography
5358:Germania Inferior | Topography
5218:Patrimoine de la Ville d'Arles
5127:Patrimoine de la Ville d'Arles
5097:Unlocking Essex's Past website
4852:King, Charles William (1885).
4462:Antioch (Antakya) Roman circus
3367:Corduba (Córdoba) Roman circus
450:
313:
275:(Jordan), to the 621 m of the
1:
6507:The Circus | Emerita Augusta
6159:The Circus | Circus at Cyrene
5917:Circus Maximus#Republican era
5873:at the University of Chicago.
5871:http://penelope.uchicago.edu/
5571:The Circus | Circus of Gortyn
3709:Toletum (Toledo) Roman circus
2159:, a.k.a. Circus of Caracalla
413:Some of the best examples of
6935:The Circus | Carthage Circus
6854:(search for 'A00030'), from
6277:Campo Arqueológico de Tavira
5026:The Circus | Circus at Setif
4553:Hippodrome of Constantinople
4078:Municipium Aurelium Commodum
3447:structure is still visible.
1316:Vienna (Vienne) Roman circus
1116:Arelate (Arles) Roman circus
7491:GPX (secondary coordinates)
7382:The Circus | Constantinople
7173:Cahier Ghar el Melh (NO-SO)
7030:aerial photograph of Sousse
6419:at Spanish Knowledge (XXG).
6273:O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana
5986:at Italian Knowledge (XXG).
5953:The Circus | Vatican Circus
5453:History journals – Hesperia
5259:Wikimapia location: Arelate
5204:Cirque romain | Description
5095:, EHER/SMR Number 46327 at
2982:Balsa (Tavira) Roman circus
498:GPX (secondary coordinates)
439:Caesarea Maritima (coastal)
243:on her lion, placed on the
179:(Mérida, Spain), where the
7790:
7764:Ancient Roman architecture
7279:December 30, 2005, at the
6343:Sirmium Palatium Imperiale
5544:Gortyn(a) (Greece / Crete)
5437:Augusta Treverorum (Trier)
5362:Augusta Treverorum (Trier)
516:
85:Similar buildings, called
44:
7728:
7486:GPX (primary coordinates)
7461:Map all coordinates using
7050:Dougga#Dougga's "liberty"
6374:Ayuntamiento de Calahorra
6345:at Carska Palata Sirmium.
6238:January 21, 2012, at the
6190:The Circus | Leptis Magna
5449:A Roman Circus in Corinth
4855:Handbook of Engraved Gems
2853:Leptis Magna Roman circus
2202:Circus of Maxentius, Rome
1653:Thessalonica Roman circus
1479:Gortyn, Gortys or Gortyna
493:GPX (primary coordinates)
7549:Roman architecture lists
7469:Download coordinates as:
6862:(search for 'Zaghouan').
5489:Corinth Computer Project
5469:Corinth Computer Project
922:Antinopolis Roman circus
618:Colonia Claudia Caesarea
476:Download coordinates as:
7339:The Circus | Aphrodisia
7285:Cleveland Museum of Art
7274:Ancient City of Antioch
7064:(approximate location).
7017:(near bottom of page).
6836:NJ 32-15 Tunis, Tunisia
6727:Bosracity.com | English
5493:Greek and Roman Corinth
5240:Barriol / Plan-du-Bourg
5149:Barriol / Plan-du-Bourg
4725:40.766754°N 29.920744°E
4662:37.831074°N 29.104478°E
4586:41.006548°N 28.975961°E
4516:37.712543°N 28.721985°E
4451:36.225754°N 36.171885°E
4381:37.051230°N 10.063141°E
4316:35.301944°N 10.693480°E
4270:(approximate location)
4181:35.829783°N 10.624434°E
4039:36.850222°N 10.315239°E
3969:36.197695°N 10.008889°E
3897:35.519688°N 35.775046°E
3391:Circus Maximus (Mérida)
3167:44.967364°N 19.612151°E
2842:32.633056°N 14.310547°E
2776:32.822221°N 21.864104°E
2704:33.268313°N 35.209776°E
2641:33.897911°N 35.499584°E
2565:32.273655°N 35.890730°E
2513:Gadara Roman hippodrome
2502:32.656914°N 35.666857°E
2438:41.887353°N 12.520474°E
2343:41.901638°N 12.455256°E
2267:41.886016°N 12.485404°E
2191:41.854645°N 12.522411°E
2114:41.892758°N 12.477422°E
1970:41.757499°N 12.621679°E
1906:45.775007°N 13.361778°E
1642:40.629669°N 22.950890°E
1578:39.023563°N 20.734805°E
1513:35.052057°N 24.951119°E
1448:37.909792°N 22.875938°E
976:28.535969°N 30.655336°E
911:27.810092°N 30.885503°E
844:31.182489°N 29.896417°E
137:epitomises the design.
47:crescent (architecture)
34:The site of the former
7759:Ancient chariot racing
7754:Ancient Roman circuses
6981:Cahier BIR MCHERGA 028
6629:The Circus | Tarragona
5898:The Circus | Maxentius
5290:Cirque antique de Lyon
4673:Laodicea Roman stadium
4620:
4112:36.532221°N 9.884513°E
4069:
3767:38.423701°N 6.416107°W
3729:
3698:39.863689°N 4.029978°W
3657:
3626:41.116963°N 1.255832°E
3561:39.681644°N 0.276675°W
3455:
3424:38.920037°N 6.332116°W
3356:37.885079°N 4.772803°W
3294:40.166847°N 6.101135°W
3231:42.304811°N 1.963025°W
3122:in what is today the '
3100:38.713788°N 9.139192°W
3047:Mirobriga Roman circus
3036:38.002318°N 8.683770°W
2971:37.090488°N 7.685301°W
2907:40.209016°N 8.425387°W
2735:
2595:
2385:
2297:
2221:
2145:
2125:Circus Flaminius, Rome
2068:
2037:45.463276°N 9.179936°E
1800:
1706:36.43919°N 28.211909°E
1589:Nikopolis Roman circus
1407:
1377:49.751175°N 6.648531°E
1336:
1305:45.516492°N 4.868196°E
1177:45.757314°N 4.815188°E
1136:
1040:51.883604°N 0.898175°E
779:36.197105°N 5.405214°E
715:36.755068°N 5.083765°E
651:36.601412°N 2.184702°E
461:List of Roman circuses
344:(Libya) (1.5 km).
340:(Jordan) (c300m), and
260:
205:Common characteristics
120:
108:
42:
7774:Sport in ancient Rome
7679:Roman Forum monuments
7481:GPX (all coordinates)
6469:plan of Roman Cordoba
5996:The Circus | Varianus
5818:, Londra 1986, p.614.
5692:The Circus | Aquileia
5639:The Circus | Caesarea
5171:Cirque romain d'Arles
5003:The Circus | Cherchel
4628:Laodicea on the Lycus
4619:
4068:
3728:
3656:
3496:37.43856°N 6.039444°W
3454:
2734:
2594:
2449:Circus Varianus, Rome
2384:
2296:
2220:
2144:
2067:
1981:Bovillae Roman circus
1799:
1406:
1335:
1135:
587:36.14799°N 3.690924°E
488:GPX (all coordinates)
230:
118:
93:Greek-style athletics
33:
7700:Lists of Roman sites
7257:The Circus | Antioch
7157:The Circus | El Djem
6648:The Circus | Toledo
6594:The Circus | Segunto
6555:Imperium Roman sites
6527:Imperium Roman sites
6447:Cordoba Roman circus
6242:(in Portuguese), at
5390:Archäologie in Trier
4730:40.766754; 29.920744
4667:37.831074; 29.104478
4591:41.006548; 28.975961
4521:37.712543; 28.721985
4456:36.225754; 36.171885
4401:(probable location)
4386:37.051230; 10.063141
4321:35.301944; 10.693480
4201:(probable location)
4186:35.829783; 10.624434
4044:36.850222; 10.315239
3974:36.197695; 10.008889
3902:35.519688; 35.775046
3772:38.423701; -6.416107
3703:39.863689; -4.029978
3566:39.681644; -0.276675
3429:38.920037; -6.332116
3361:37.885079; -4.772803
3299:40.166847; -6.101135
3236:42.304811; -1.963025
3172:44.967364; 19.612151
3105:38.713788; -9.139192
3041:38.002318; -8.683770
2976:37.090488; -7.685301
2912:40.209016; -8.425387
2847:32.633056; 14.310547
2781:32.822221; 21.864104
2709:33.268313; 35.209776
2646:33.897911; 35.499584
2570:32.273655; 35.890730
2507:32.656914; 35.666857
2443:41.887353; 12.520474
2375:Saint Peter's Square
2367:St. Peter's Basilica
2354:Circus of Nero, Rome
2348:41.901638; 12.455256
2278:Circus_Maximus, Rome
2272:41.886016; 12.485404
2196:41.854645; 12.522411
2119:41.892758; 12.477422
1975:41.757499; 12.621679
1911:45.775007; 13.361778
1647:40.629669; 22.950890
1583:39.023563; 20.734805
1518:35.052057; 24.951119
1453:37.909792; 22.875938
981:28.535969; 30.655336
916:27.810092; 30.885503
849:31.182489; 29.896417
556:(= pre-independence
111:Architectural design
7769:Horse racing venues
7598:Dams and reservoirs
7126:The Circus | Dougga
6754:The Circus | Bostra
6080:The Circus | Gerasa
5334:The Circus | Vienne
4772:Ancient Rome portal
4720: /
4657: /
4581: /
4511: /
4446: /
4376: /
4311: /
4245: /
4176: /
4117:36.532221; 9.884513
4107: /
4085:or Henchir Fraxine
4034: /
3964: /
3937:Henchir Esch Schorr
3892: /
3832:32.5149°N 36.4799°E
3827: /
3799:Nova Trajana Bostra
3762: /
3693: /
3631:41.116963; 1.255832
3621: /
3556: /
3501:37.43856; -6.039444
3491: /
3419: /
3351: /
3289: /
3226: /
3162: /
3095: /
3031: /
2966: /
2902: /
2837: /
2787:Cyrene Roman circus
2771: /
2699: /
2636: /
2576:Gerasa Roman circus
2560: /
2497: /
2433: /
2338: /
2262: /
2186: /
2157:Circus of Maxentius
2109: /
2042:45.463276; 9.179936
2032: /
1992:cited in Humphrey;
1965: /
1901: /
1842:32.4986°N 34.8986°E
1837: /
1769:32.4986°N 34.8906°E
1764: /
1717:Rhodes Roman circus
1711:36.43919; 28.211909
1701: /
1637: /
1573: /
1524:Gortyn Roman circus
1508: /
1443: /
1382:49.751175; 6.648531
1372: /
1310:45.516492; 4.868196
1300: /
1236: /
1208:Mediolanum Santonum
1182:45.757314; 4.815188
1172: /
1105:43.6734°N 4.61855°E
1100: /
1045:51.883604; 0.898175
1035: /
971: /
906: /
839: /
784:36.197105; 5.405214
774: /
720:36.755068; 5.083765
710: /
656:36.601412; 2.184702
646: /
582: /
443:Circus of Maxentius
423:Circus of Maxentius
302:Circus of Maxentius
6803:2013-05-07 at the
6474:2012-08-26 at the
6463:2012-01-28 at the
6452:2012-08-30 at the
6379:2003-05-31 at the
6215:2011-09-03 at the
6039:2012-02-10 at the
6028:2012-04-12 at the
6017:2013-05-22 at the
5784:The Circus | Milan
5534:2012-06-16 at the
5407:2012-03-02 at the
5271:The Circus | Arles
5245:2012-02-29 at the
5234:2012-02-04 at the
5223:2012-02-07 at the
5209:2012-02-29 at the
5187:2012-03-12 at the
5176:2012-05-02 at the
5154:2012-02-29 at the
5143:2012-02-04 at the
5132:2012-02-07 at the
5118:2008-11-26 at the
5062:2013-02-07 at the
4978:John H. Humphrey:
4621:
4250:36.4265°N 9.2161°E
4070:
4006:Circus of Carthage
3730:
3658:
3456:
2736:
2596:
2386:
2298:
2222:
2146:
2069:
1801:
1408:
1344:Augusta Treverorum
1337:
1241:45.7464°N 0.6333°W
1137:
592:36.14799; 3.690924
379:(as seen from the
261:
121:
43:
7741:
7740:
7715:Villas in England
7710:Villas in Belgium
7664:Ancient monuments
7211:(uncorroborated).
6896:aerial photograph
6123:The Circus | Tyre
5394:Universität Trier
5392:(in German) from
4826:978-0-19-517072-6
4811:Michael Gagarin;
4755:
4754:
4610:Septimius Severus
4418:Circus of Antioch
3139:Sremska Mitrovica
3007:Santiago do Cacém
2813:Khoms OR Al Khums
2715:Tyre Roman circus
2608:Beirut Hippodrome
1808:Caesarea Maritima
1735:Caesarea Maritima
421:(Jordan) and the
417:can be found at:
328:Relative location
18:Circus (building)
16:(Redirected from
7781:
7633:Triumphal arches
7542:
7535:
7528:
7519:
7448:
7442:
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7424:
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7398:
7389:
7386:circusmaximus.us
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7170:
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7099:
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6986:
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6957:
6951:
6942:
6939:circusmaximus.us
6932:
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6904:PHOTOS AERIENNES
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6887:
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6511:circusmaximus.us
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6317:
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6308:circusmaximus.us
6301:
6295:
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6194:circusmaximus.us
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5920:
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5905:
5902:circusmaximus.us
5895:
5889:
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5874:
5864:
5855:
5852:Circus Flaminius
5849:
5843:
5837:
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5803:
5797:
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5788:circusmaximus.us
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5708:
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5696:circusmaximus.us
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5643:circusmaximus.us
5636:
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5338:circusmaximus.us
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5298:
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5275:circusmaximus.us
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5030:circusmaximus.us
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5007:circusmaximus.us
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3941:Henchir es Souar
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3864:Laodicea ad Mare
3851:
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3838:
3837:32.5149; 36.4799
3833:
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2426:
2406:
2402:it:Circo Variano
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2081:Circus Flaminius
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2025:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1847:32.4986; 34.8986
1843:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1774:32.4986; 34.8906
1770:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1246:45.7464; -0.6333
1242:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1110:43.6734; 4.61855
1106:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1028:
995:
994:
992:
991:
990:
988:
983:
982:
977:
972:
969:
968:
967:
964:
930:
929:
927:
926:
925:
923:
918:
917:
912:
907:
904:
903:
902:
899:
863:
862:
860:
859:
858:
856:
851:
850:
845:
840:
837:
836:
835:
832:
798:
797:
795:
794:
793:
791:
786:
785:
780:
775:
772:
771:
770:
767:
734:
733:
731:
730:
729:
727:
722:
721:
716:
711:
708:
707:
706:
703:
670:
669:
667:
666:
665:
663:
658:
657:
652:
647:
644:
643:
642:
639:
606:
605:
603:
602:
601:
599:
594:
593:
588:
583:
580:
579:
578:
575:
554:Sour El-Ghozlane
515:
394:The form of the
265:seating capacity
21:
7789:
7788:
7784:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7779:
7778:
7744:
7743:
7742:
7737:
7724:
7720:Villas in Wales
7693:Other countries
7688:
7647:
7638:Victory columns
7551:
7546:
7499:
7498:
7497:
7496:
7495:
7456:
7451:
7443:
7439:
7431:
7427:
7411:
7407:
7399:
7392:
7380:
7376:
7368:
7364:
7356:
7349:
7337:
7333:
7325:
7318:
7310:
7303:
7295:
7291:
7281:Wayback Machine
7271:
7267:
7255:
7242:
7234:
7227:
7219:
7215:
7207:
7203:
7191:
7187:
7171:
7167:
7155:
7151:
7143:
7136:
7124:
7120:
7112:
7108:
7100:
7096:
7088:
7084:
7072:
7068:
7060:
7056:
7048:
7044:
7028:
7024:
7018:
7006:
7002:
6994:
6990:
6984:
6967:
6960:
6952:
6945:
6933:
6922:
6914:
6910:
6894:
6890:
6870:
6866:
6850:
6846:
6833:
6826:
6818:
6811:
6805:Wayback Machine
6792:
6788:
6771:
6764:
6752:
6748:
6740:
6733:
6717:
6713:
6701:
6697:
6691:Zafra#Roman era
6689:
6682:
6674:
6670:
6662:
6658:
6646:
6639:
6627:
6623:
6617:SpanishArts.com
6611:
6604:
6592:
6588:
6580:
6573:
6565:
6561:
6549:
6545:
6537:
6533:
6521:
6517:
6505:
6501:
6493:
6486:
6476:Wayback Machine
6465:Wayback Machine
6454:Wayback Machine
6445:
6438:
6430:
6423:
6415:
6411:
6403:
6399:
6391:
6387:
6381:Wayback Machine
6368:
6364:
6356:
6349:
6337:
6330:
6318:
6314:
6302:
6298:
6290:
6283:
6271:
6262:
6254:
6250:
6240:Wayback Machine
6231:
6227:
6221:English Version
6217:Wayback Machine
6204:
6200:
6188:
6184:
6176:
6169:
6157:
6148:
6140:
6133:
6121:
6117:
6109:
6102:
6094:
6090:
6078:
6074:
6066:
6059:
6051:
6047:
6041:Wayback Machine
6030:Wayback Machine
6019:Wayback Machine
6010:
6006:
5994:
5990:
5982:
5975:
5967:
5963:
5951:
5947:
5939:
5935:
5927:
5923:
5915:
5908:
5896:
5892:
5884:
5877:
5865:
5858:
5850:
5846:
5838:
5834:
5826:
5822:
5813:
5806:
5798:
5794:
5782:
5775:
5767:
5763:
5756:
5748:
5744:
5737:
5730:
5726:
5717:
5709:
5702:
5690:
5679:
5671:
5664:
5656:
5649:
5637:
5628:
5620:
5613:
5605:
5598:
5590:
5581:
5569:
5565:
5557:
5550:
5536:Wayback Machine
5519:
5515:
5507:
5503:
5483:
5479:
5463:
5459:
5447:
5443:
5423:
5419:
5409:Wayback Machine
5388:
5384:
5376:
5372:
5350:satellite photo
5348:
5344:
5332:
5328:
5316:
5303:
5296:
5288:
5281:
5269:
5265:
5257:
5253:
5247:Wayback Machine
5236:Wayback Machine
5225:Wayback Machine
5213:
5211:Wayback Machine
5202:
5195:
5189:Wayback Machine
5178:Wayback Machine
5169:
5162:
5156:Wayback Machine
5145:Wayback Machine
5134:Wayback Machine
5122:
5120:Wayback Machine
5111:
5107:
5091:
5082:
5074:
5070:
5064:Wayback Machine
5055:
5051:
5043:
5036:
5024:
5013:
5001:
4994:
4977:
4886:
4870:
4863:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4838:
4834:
4827:
4815:, eds. (2009).
4810:
4809:
4805:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4770:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4551:
4550:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4416:
4415:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4260:
4258:
4255:36.4265; 9.2161
4254:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4205:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4136:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4083:Henchir Bou Cha
4049:
4047:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4004:
4003:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3389:
3388:
3386:Emerita Augusta
3366:
3364:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3017:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2671:Tyre Hippodrome
2651:
2649:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2606:
2605:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2404:
2398:Circus Varianus
2396:
2395:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2307:
2306:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2232:
2231:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2155:
2154:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2079:
2078:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2018:
1993:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1486:(c1.5 km)
1458:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1072:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1021:
986:
984:
980:
978:
974:
973:
970:
965:
962:
960:
958:
957:
921:
919:
915:
913:
909:
908:
905:
900:
897:
895:
893:
892:
854:
852:
848:
846:
842:
841:
838:
833:
830:
828:
826:
825:
789:
787:
783:
781:
777:
776:
773:
768:
765:
763:
761:
760:
725:
723:
719:
717:
713:
712:
709:
704:
701:
699:
697:
696:
661:
659:
655:
653:
649:
648:
645:
640:
637:
635:
633:
632:
597:
595:
591:
589:
585:
584:
581:
576:
573:
571:
569:
568:
539:
537:
526:
521:
519:
506:
505:
504:
503:
502:
463:
435:Emerita Augusta
431:
369:
330:
316:(Lebanon); SW.
308:(Britain); SE.
289:
225:
212:
207:
177:Emerita Augusta
113:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7787:
7785:
7777:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7746:
7745:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7735:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7705:Sites in Spain
7702:
7696:
7694:
7690:
7689:
7687:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7655:
7653:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7559:
7557:
7553:
7552:
7547:
7545:
7544:
7537:
7530:
7522:
7516:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7494:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7472:
7466:
7459:
7458:
7457:
7455:
7454:External links
7452:
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7449:
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7405:
7390:
7374:
7362:
7347:
7331:
7316:
7301:
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7201:
7193:Utica, Tunisia
7185:
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6499:
6484:
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6409:
6397:
6385:
6362:
6347:
6328:
6322:by IPPAR (now
6312:
6296:
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6115:
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5933:
5921:
5906:
5890:
5875:
5856:
5844:
5832:
5820:
5816:Roman Circuses
5814:J.H.Humphrey,
5804:
5792:
5773:
5761:
5742:
5715:
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2407:
2389:
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2322:
2317:
2312:
2309:Circus of Nero
2300:
2299:
2290:
2287:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2234:Circus Maximus
2225:
2224:
2214:
2211:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2148:
2147:
2138:
2134:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2072:
2071:
2061:
2057:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
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1997:
1990:
1949:
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527:(modern name)
523:
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479:
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430:
429:Best preserved
427:
368:
365:
364:
363:
352:
345:
329:
326:
322:Circus of Nero
310:Circus Maximus
296:(Jordan); NE.
288:
285:
277:Circus Maximus
224:
221:
217:Circus Maximus
211:
208:
206:
203:
135:Circus Maximus
112:
109:
91:were used for
38:in modern-day
36:Circus Maximus
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7786:
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7623:Spiral stairs
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7563:Amphitheatres
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7464:OpenStreetMap
7462:
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7119:
7115:
7114:Dougga#Circus
7110:
7107:
7103:
7098:
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7067:
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6897:
6892:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6880:Liste Decrets
6877:
6873:
6868:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6853:
6848:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6831:
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6806:
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6763:
6759:
6755:
6750:
6747:
6743:
6738:
6736:
6732:
6728:
6724:
6720:
6719:Plan de Bosra
6715:
6712:
6708:
6704:
6699:
6696:
6692:
6687:
6685:
6681:
6677:
6672:
6669:
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6660:
6657:
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6644:
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6609:
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6398:
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6382:
6378:
6375:
6371:
6366:
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6359:
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6352:
6348:
6344:
6340:
6335:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6316:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6300:
6297:
6293:
6288:
6286:
6282:
6278:
6274:
6269:
6267:
6265:
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6257:
6252:
6249:
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6119:
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6105:
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6062:
6058:
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6027:
6024:
6020:
6016:
6013:
6008:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5992:
5989:
5985:
5984:Circo Variano
5980:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5965:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5949:
5946:
5942:
5937:
5934:
5930:
5925:
5922:
5918:
5913:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5894:
5891:
5887:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5863:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5848:
5845:
5841:
5836:
5833:
5829:
5824:
5821:
5817:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5796:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5765:
5762:
5755:
5751:
5746:
5743:
5736:
5729:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5678:
5674:
5669:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5654:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5603:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5588:
5586:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5567:
5564:
5560:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5521:Map of Gortyn
5517:
5514:
5510:
5505:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5481:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5461:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5425:Trier: Circus
5421:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5386:
5383:
5379:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5366:Trier: Circus
5363:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5346:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5323:1-931807-08-6
5320:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5295:
5291:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5255:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5230:
5229:Ville d'Arles
5226:
5222:
5219:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5200:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5172:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5138:Ville d'Arles
5135:
5131:
5128:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5113:Cirque romain
5109:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5072:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5058:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4988:0-520-04921-7
4985:
4981:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4951:
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4947:
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4909:
4907:
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4903:
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4899:
4897:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4881:
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4873:
4868:
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4862:
4857:
4856:
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4845:
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4822:
4818:
4814:
4807:
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4786:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4762:
4757:
4751:
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4742:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4679:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4603:
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4340:
4337:
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4210:
4203:
4198:
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4144:
4141:
4134:
4129:
4092:
4090:
4087:
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4081:
4079:
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4074:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4002:
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2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
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1998:
1991:
1987:
1950:
1948:
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1942:Marino, Lazio
1940:
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471:OpenStreetMap
469:
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100:Edward Gibbon
98:According to
96:
94:
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83:
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80:amphitheatres
77:
74:. Along with
73:
70:
69:ancient Greek
66:
62:
58:
56:
48:
41:
37:
32:
19:
7652:City of Rome
7613:Public baths
7556:Roman Empire
7468:
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5893:
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5795:
5764:
5757:(in Italian)
5745:
5738:(in Italian)
5731:(in Italian)
5566:
5516:
5504:
5499:(Figure 11).
5480:
5475:(Figure 11).
5460:
5444:
5420:
5398:Organisation
5385:
5373:
5345:
5329:
5266:
5254:
5108:
5071:
5052:
4979:
4854:
4847:
4835:
4816:
4806:
4794:
4608:Built under
4076:Commodum OR
2808:Leptis Magna
2405:(in Italian)
1994:(in Italian)
1614:Thessaloniki
1609:Thessalonica
877:Antinoöpolis
864:
533:Coordinates
520:(Roman name)
511:
507:
475:
474:
467:
455:Leptis Magna
432:
414:
412:
407:
403:
399:
395:
393:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
370:
349:Thessalonica
342:Leptis Magna
331:
312:(Italy); S.
304:(Italy); E.
300:(Egypt); E.
298:Antinoöpolis
290:
281:
269:
262:
256:
244:
236:
232:
213:
197:
184:
180:
174:
169:
166:Antinoöpolis
162:
157:
153:
149:
141:
139:
128:
122:
105:
97:
86:
84:
53:
51:
7223:(probable).
7019:(in French)
6985:(in French)
6467:(see also:
5297:(in French)
5214:(in French)
5123:(in French)
4728: /
4665: /
4589: /
4519: /
4488:Aphrodisias
4483:Aphrodisias
4454: /
4384: /
4319: /
4253: /
4206:(in French)
4184: /
4137:(in French)
4115: /
4042: /
3972: /
3900: /
3835: /
3770: /
3701: /
3629: /
3564: /
3499: /
3427: /
3359: /
3297: /
3234: /
3170: /
3103: /
3039: /
2974: /
2910: /
2845: /
2779: /
2707: /
2644: /
2568: /
2505: /
2441: /
2346: /
2270: /
2194: /
2117: /
2040: /
1973: /
1909: /
1845: /
1772: /
1709: /
1645: /
1581: /
1516: /
1451: /
1380: /
1308: /
1244: /
1180: /
1108: /
1043: /
1007:Camulodunum
979: /
942:Oxyrhynchus
914: /
847: /
782: /
718: /
654: /
590: /
453:(Lebanon),
287:Orientation
193:Aphrodisias
156:(singular:
7748:Categories
7643:Watermills
7092:(page 47).
6834:+ on map:
4787:References
4780:Hippodrome
4734: (
4715:29°55′15″E
4712:40°46′00″N
4671: (
4652:29°06′16″E
4649:37°49′52″N
4595: (
4576:28°58′33″E
4573:41°00′24″N
4525: (
4506:28°43′19″E
4503:37°42′45″N
4460: (
4441:36°10′19″E
4438:36°13′33″N
4390: (
4371:10°03′47″E
4368:37°03′04″N
4325: (
4306:10°41′37″E
4303:35°18′07″N
4259: (
4237:36°25′35″N
4190: (
4171:10°37′28″E
4168:35°49′47″N
4147:Hadrumetum
4121: (
4099:36°31′56″N
4048: (
4029:10°18′55″E
4026:36°51′01″N
3978: (
3959:10°00′32″E
3956:36°11′52″N
3906: (
3887:35°46′30″E
3884:35°31′11″N
3841: (
3822:36°28′48″E
3819:32°30′54″N
3776: (
3754:38°25′25″N
3707: (
3685:39°51′49″N
3635: (
3613:41°07′01″N
3570: (
3548:39°40′54″N
3505: (
3483:37°26′19″N
3468:Santiponce
3433: (
3411:38°55′12″N
3365: (
3343:37°53′06″N
3303: (
3281:40°10′01″N
3240: (
3218:42°18′17″N
3198:Calagurris
3176: (
3157:19°36′44″E
3154:44°58′03″N
3109: (
3087:38°42′50″N
3067:Olissipona
3045: (
3023:38°00′08″N
2980: (
2958:37°05′26″N
2916: (
2894:40°12′32″N
2851: (
2832:14°18′38″E
2829:32°37′59″N
2785: (
2766:21°51′51″E
2763:32°49′20″N
2713: (
2694:35°12′35″E
2691:33°16′06″N
2650: (
2631:35°29′59″E
2628:33°53′52″N
2574: (
2555:35°53′27″E
2552:32°16′25″N
2511: (
2492:35°40′01″E
2489:32°39′25″N
2447: (
2428:12°31′14″E
2425:41°53′14″N
2352: (
2333:12°27′19″E
2330:41°54′06″N
2276: (
2257:12°29′07″E
2254:41°53′10″N
2200: (
2181:12°31′21″E
2178:41°51′17″N
2123: (
2104:12°28′39″E
2101:41°53′34″N
2046: (
2024:45°27′48″N
2004:Mediolanum
1979: (
1960:12°37′18″E
1957:41°45′27″N
1915: (
1896:13°21′42″E
1893:45°46′30″N
1851: (
1832:34°53′55″E
1829:32°29′55″N
1778: (
1759:34°53′26″E
1756:32°29′55″N
1737:(coastal)
1715: (
1696:28°12′43″E
1693:36°26′21″N
1651: (
1632:22°57′03″E
1629:40°37′47″N
1587: (
1568:20°44′05″E
1565:39°01′25″N
1522: (
1503:24°57′04″E
1500:35°03′07″N
1484:Agioi Deka
1457: (
1438:22°52′33″E
1435:37°54′35″N
1386: (
1364:49°45′04″N
1314: (
1292:45°30′59″N
1250: (
1228:45°44′47″N
1186: (
1164:45°45′26″N
1114: (
1092:43°40′24″N
1049: (
1027:51°53′01″N
1012:Colchester
985: (
966:30°39′19″E
963:28°32′09″N
947:Beni Mazar
920: (
901:30°53′08″E
898:27°48′36″N
853: (
834:29°53′47″E
831:31°10′57″N
816:Alexandria
811:Alexandria
788: (
766:36°11′50″N
724: (
702:36°45′18″N
660: (
638:36°36′05″N
596: (
574:36°08′53″N
538:References
449:(Jordan),
441:(Israel),
306:Colchester
223:Dimensions
125:race track
72:hippodrome
59:(from the
7674:Fountains
7659:Aqueducts
7608:Monoliths
7573:Basilicas
7568:Aqueducts
4692:Nicomedia
4597:Byzantium
4548:Byzantium
4240:9°12′58″E
4102:9°53′04″E
3757:6°24′58″W
3688:4°01′48″W
3616:1°15′21″E
3598:Tarragona
3551:0°16′36″W
3486:6°02′22″W
3414:6°19′56″W
3346:4°46′22″W
3284:6°06′04″W
3221:1°57′47″W
3203:Calahorra
3090:9°08′21″W
3026:8°41′02″W
3002:Miróbriga
2961:7°41′07″W
2897:8°25′31″W
2377:in 1586.
2027:9°10′48″E
1810:(inland)
1544:Nicopolis
1367:6°38′55″E
1295:4°52′06″E
1231:0°38′00″W
1167:4°48′55″E
1095:4°37′07″E
1030:0°53′53″E
769:5°24′19″E
705:5°05′02″E
641:2°11′05″E
623:Cherchell
577:3°41′27″E
457:(Libya).
445:(Italy),
437:(Spain),
425:(Italy).
351:(Greece).
324:(Italy).
279:(Italy).
249:engraving
189:Nicopolis
7684:Obelisks
7628:Theatres
7593:Cisterns
7588:Circuses
7277:Archived
6852:ZAGHOUAN
6801:Archived
6472:Archived
6461:Archived
6450:Archived
6377:Archived
6236:Archived
6233:Aeminium
6213:Archived
6206:Aeminium
6037:Archived
6026:Archived
6015:Archived
5532:Archived
5405:Archived
5243:Archived
5232:Archived
5221:Archived
5207:Archived
5185:Archived
5174:Archived
5152:Archived
5141:Archived
5130:Archived
5116:Archived
5060:Archived
4758:See also
4558:Istanbul
4283:Thysdrus
4011:Carthage
4001:Carthago
3928:Abthugni
3528:Saguntum
3324:Corduba
3077:Portugal
3013:Portugal
2948:Portugal
2884:Portugal
2874:Aeminium
2474:Umm Qais
1937:Bovillae
1878:Aquileia
1873:Aquileia
1814:Caesarea
1741:Caesarea
1144:Lugdunum
949:(c15km)
884:(c10km)
530:Country
415:carceres
408:carceres
404:carceres
400:carceres
396:carceres
385:carceres
381:carceres
373:carceres
367:Carceres
362:(Spain).
257:Binovium
185:carceres
181:carceres
170:carceres
146:obelisks
130:carceres
76:theatres
7669:Bridges
7578:Bridges
7433:KocaeLi
6478:; and:
6417:Cáparra
6324:IGESPAR
4635:(c6km)
4633:Denizli
4423:Antakya
4413:Antioch
4358:Tunisia
4293:Tunisia
4288:El Djem
4227:Tunisia
4158:Tunisia
4089:Tunisia
4016:Tunisia
3946:Tunisia
3869:Latakia
3665:Toletum
3593:Tarraco
3533:Sagunto
3463:Italica
3328:Córdoba
3261:Cáparra
3134:Sirmium
3009:(c2km)
2879:Coimbra
2815:(c3km)
2748:Shahhat
2681:Lebanon
2618:Lebanon
2371:obelisk
1551:(c7km)
1549:Preveza
1420:Corinth
1414:Corinth
1354:Germany
1213:Saintes
1070:Arelate
1017:England
882:Mallawi
756:Algeria
746:Setifis
692:Algeria
628:Algeria
564:Algeria
543:Images
383:). The
360:Tarraco
356:Sirmium
241:Astarte
65:chariot
7583:Canals
7503:Cyrene
5869:, via
5321:
4986:
4823:
4702:Turkey
4639:Turkey
4563:Turkey
4493:Turkey
4428:Turkey
4222:Dougga
4216:Thugga
4153:Sousse
3670:Toledo
3396:Mérida
3266:Capera
3144:Serbia
3124:Rossio
3072:Lisbon
2943:Tavira
2743:Cyrene
2613:Beirut
2542:Jordan
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